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Yagasaki L, Chiba T, Kurimoto R, Nakajima M, Iwata T, Asahara H. The essential role of Mkx in periodontal ligament on the metabolism of alveolar bone and cementum. Regen Ther 2024; 25:186-193. [PMID: 38230307 PMCID: PMC10789938 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The periodontium is a connective tissue which consists of periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, cementum and gingiva. Periodontal ligament (PDL) is a specialized connective tissue that connects the cementum - coating the surface of the tooth - to the alveolar bone. Mohawk homeobox (Mkx) is a transcription factor that is expressed in PDL, that is known to play a vital role in the development and homeostasis of PDL. A detailed functional analysis of Mkx in the periodontal ligament for alveolar bone and cementum metabolism has not yet been conducted. Materials and methods Alveolar bone height, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume fractions (Bone volume/Total volume: BV/TV) were measured and analyzed using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and 3DBon on 7-week-old male wild-type (WT) (Mkx+/+) (n = 10) and Mkx-knockout (Mkx-/-) (n = 6) rats. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Masson Trichrome staining were performed on 5, 6, and 7-week-old Mkx+/+ and Mkx-/- rats. Cementum surface area and the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts/mm were quantified, measured, and compared for 5,6 and 7-week-old Mkx+/+ and Mkx-/- rats (n = 3 each). Results The level of alveolar bone height was significantly higher in Mkx-/- rats than in Mkx+/+ rats. On the other hand, there was significantly less BMD in Mkx-/- alveolar bone. A significant increase in cellular cementum could be observed as early as 5 weeks in Mkx-/- rats when compared with Mkx+/+ rats of the same age. More TRAP-positive osteoclasts were observed in Mkx-/- rats. Conclusion Our findings further reveal the essential roles of Mkx in the homeostasis of the periodontal tissue. Mkx was found to contribute to bone and cementum metabolism and may be essential to the prevention of diseases such as periodontitis, and could show potential in regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Yagasaki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Nakajima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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2
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Washihira N, Murakami M, Nakamura M, Fujii S, Matsushima T, Asahara H, Kishida A, Tanabe T, Kimura T, Kobayashi M, Yamamoto M. Application of a genetically engineered macrophage cell line for evaluating cellular effects of UV/US-treated poly(ethylene terephthalate) microplastics. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113735. [PMID: 38218136 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is a global environmental problem. To understand the biological effects of MPs on humans, it is essential to evaluate the response of human cells to model plastic particles that mimic environmental MPs in a sensitive and non-invasive manner. In this study, we investigated the preparation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fragments with properties similar to those of environmental MPs by combining photo-oxidative degradation via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation with mechanical pulverization and hydrolysis via ultrasound (US) exposure. Combination of UV and US treatments decreased the particle size of PET fragments to 10.2 µm and increased their crystallinity and Young's modulus to 35.7 % and 0.73 GPa, respectively, while untreated PET fragments showed the particle size of 18.9 µm, the crystallinity of 33.7 %, and Young's modulus of 0.48 GPa. In addition, an increase in negative surface potential and O/C ratio were observed for UV/US-treated PET fragments, suggesting surface oxidation via UV/US treatment. Cytokine secretion from human macrophages was evaluated by a highly sensitive inflammation evaluation system using the HiBiT-based chemiluminescence detection method developed by genome editing technology. UV/US-treated PET fragments induced a 1.4 times higher level of inflammatory cytokine secretion on inflammatory macrophages than untreated ones, suggesting that the biological responses of PET fragments could be influenced by changes in material properties via oxidation. In conclusion, UV/US treatment enables efficient preparation of model plastic particles and is expected to provide new insights into the evaluation of biological effects using human cells. (240 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Washihira
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mika Murakami
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Miho Nakamura
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sho Fujii
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Kisarazu College, 2-11-1 Kiyomidai Higashi, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0041, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsushima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo City, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Akio Kishida
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tadao Tanabe
- Department of Engineering and Design, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5, Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 1358548, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10, Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Mako Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; Biomedical Engineering for Diagnosis and Treatment, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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Li M, Nishimura T, Takeuchi Y, Hongu T, Wang Y, Shiokawa D, Wang K, Hirose H, Sasahara A, Yano M, Ishikawa S, Inokuchi M, Ota T, Tanabe M, Tada KI, Akiyama T, Cheng X, Liu CC, Yamashita T, Sugano S, Uchida Y, Chiba T, Asahara H, Nakagawa M, Sato S, Miyagi Y, Shimamura T, Nagai LAE, Kanai A, Katoh M, Nomura S, Nakato R, Suzuki Y, Tojo A, Voon DC, Ogawa S, Okamoto K, Foukakis T, Gotoh N. FXYD3 functionally demarcates an ancestral breast cancer stem cell subpopulation with features of drug-tolerant persisters. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e166666. [PMID: 37966117 PMCID: PMC10645391 DOI: 10.1172/jci166666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within tumors presents a challenge in therapeutic targeting. To decipher the cellular plasticity that fuels phenotypic heterogeneity, we undertook single-cell transcriptomics analysis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to identify subpopulations in CSCs. We found a subpopulation of CSCs with ancestral features that is marked by FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 3 (FXYD3), a component of the Na+/K+ pump. Accordingly, FXYD3+ CSCs evolve and proliferate, while displaying traits of alveolar progenitors that are normally induced during pregnancy. Clinically, FXYD3+ CSCs were persistent during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, hence linking them to drug-tolerant persisters (DTPs) and identifying them as crucial therapeutic targets. Importantly, FXYD3+ CSCs were sensitive to senolytic Na+/K+ pump inhibitors, such as cardiac glycosides. Together, our data indicate that FXYD3+ CSCs with ancestral features are drivers of plasticity and chemoresistance in TNBC. Targeting the Na+/K+ pump could be an effective strategy to eliminate CSCs with ancestral and DTP features that could improve TNBC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Li
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, and
| | | | - Yasuto Takeuchi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, and
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Hongu
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, and
| | - Yuming Wang
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, and
| | - Daisuke Shiokawa
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haruka Hirose
- Division of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya City, Japan
| | - Asako Sasahara
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Yano
- Department of Surgery, Minami-machida Hospital, Machida City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Oncology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inokuchi
- Department of Breast Oncology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ota
- Department of Breast Oncology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tanabe
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Tada
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Chi Liu
- North Shore Heart Research Group, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Toshinari Yamashita
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Uchida
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakagawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Sato
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya City, Japan
| | | | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences
| | - Manami Katoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Seitaro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
- Department of Frontier Cardiovascular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, and
| | - Ryuichiro Nakato
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences
| | - Arinobu Tojo
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dominic C. Voon
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
- Inflammation and Epithelial Plasticity Unit, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Differentiation, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, and
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa City, Japan
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Shin J, Miyaki S, Asahara H, Akimoto T. MicroRNA-140 is not involved in sepsis-induced muscle atrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C509-C518. [PMID: 37486067 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00157.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory response to infection, often accompanied by skeletal muscle atrophy. A previous study demonstrated that the administration of microRNA-140 (miR-140) attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced muscle atrophy, whereas miR-140 knockdown with siRNA promoted atrophy. Therefore, we investigated whether miR-140 is involved in LPS-induced muscle atrophy using a genetic model, miR-140-/- mice. We found that a single injection of LPS induced atrophy both in slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles. The muscle weights and fiber cross-sectional areas were significantly reduced in both the wild-type (WT) and miR-140-/- mice, with no difference between genotypes. The expression of several proteolysis markers, muscle-specific RING-finger 1 (MuRF1) and MAFbx/atrogin-1, increased in both groups after LPS injection. The ubiquitinated proteins in the miR-140-/- mice were similar to those in the WT mice. Therefore, the deletion of miR-140 did not affect LPS-induced muscle atrophy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used miR-140-/- mice to determine the function of miR-140 in LPS-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine slow-twitch muscles in LPS-induced muscle wasting after miR-140 manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Shin
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyaki
- Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Advanced Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Akimoto
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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Ono Y, Schlesinger S, Fukunaga K, Yambe S, Sato T, Sasaki T, Shukunami C, Asahara H, Inui M. Scleraxis-lineage cells are required for correct muscle patterning. Development 2023; 150:310741. [PMID: 37246520 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Movement of the vertebrate body is supported by the connection of muscle, tendon and bone. Each skeletal muscle in the vertebrate body has a unique shape and attachment site; however, the mechanism that ensures reproducible muscle patterning is incompletely understood. In this study, we conducted targeted cell ablation using scleraxis (Scx)-Cre to examine the role of Scx-lineage cells in muscle morphogenesis and attachment in mouse embryos. We found that muscle bundle shapes and attachment sites were significantly altered in embryos with Scx-lineage cell ablation. Muscles in the forelimb showed impaired bundle separation and limb girdle muscles distally dislocated from their insertion sites. Scx-lineage cells were required for post-fusion myofiber morphology, but not for the initial segregation of myoblasts in the limb bud. Furthermore, muscles could change their attachment site, even after formation of the insertion. Lineage tracing suggested that the muscle patterning defect was primarily attributed to the reduction of tendon/ligament cells. Our study demonstrates an essential role of Scx-lineage cells in the reproducibility of skeletal muscle attachment, in turn revealing a previously unappreciated tissue-tissue interaction in musculoskeletal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Ono
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Saundra Schlesinger
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kanako Fukunaga
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shinsei Yambe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takako Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Masafumi Inui
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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6
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Inotsume M, Chiba T, Matsushima T, Kurimoto R, Nakajima M, Kato T, Shishido K, Liu L, Kawakami K, Asahara H. One-step generation of mice with gene editing by Tol2 transposon-dependent gRNA delivery. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:975-984. [PMID: 36876986 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Conditional knockout mice are valuable tools for examining the functions of targeted genes in a time- and space-specific manner. Here, we generated gene-edited mice by using the Tol2 transposon to introduce guide RNA (gRNA) into fertilized eggs obtained by crossing LSL (loxP-stop-loxP)-CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) mice, which express Cas9 in a Cre-dependent manner, with CAG-CreER mice. Transposase mRNA and plasmid DNA, which contained a gRNA sequence for the gene encoding tyrosinase flanked by the transposase recognition sequence, were injected together into fertilized eggs. As a result, the transcribed gRNA cleaved the target genome in a Cas9-dependent manner. Using this method, it is possible to generate conditional genome-edited mice more easily in a shorter period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Inotsume
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsushima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Nakajima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kana Shishido
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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Yamamoto H, Uchida Y, Kurimoto R, Chiba T, Matsushima T, Ito Y, Inotsume M, Miyata K, Watanabe K, Inada M, Goshima N, Uchida T, Asahara H. RNA-binding protein LIN28A upregulates transcription factor HIF1α by posttranscriptional regulation via direct binding to UGAU motifs. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102791. [PMID: 36509142 PMCID: PMC9823215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is a transcription factor that regulates angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions. To investigate the posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism of HIF1α, we performed a cell-based screening to reveal potential cis-elements and the regulatory RNA-binding proteins that act as trans-factors. We found that LIN28A promoted HIF1α protein expression independently of the downregulation of microRNA let-7, which is also directly mediated by LIN28A. Transcriptome analysis and evaluation of RNA stability using RNA-seq and SLAM-seq analyses, respectively, revealed that LIN28A upregulates HIF1A expression via mRNA stabilization. To investigate the physical association of LIN28A with HIF1A mRNA, we performed enhanced crosslinking immunoprecipitation in 293FT cells and integrally analyzed the transcriptome. We observed that LIN28A associates with HIF1A mRNA via its cis-element motif "UGAU". The "UGAU" motifs are recognized by the cold shock domain of LIN28A, and the introduction of a loss-of-function mutation to the cold shock domain diminished the upregulatory activities performed by LIN28A. Finally, the microvessel density assay showed that the expression of LIN28A promoted angiogenesis in vivo. In conclusion, our study elucidated the role of LIN28A in enhancing the HIF1α axis at the posttranscription layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Yamamoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Uchida
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsushima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Inotsume
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyata
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Inada
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Goshima
- Biomedicinal Information Research Center, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Human Science, Faculty of Human Science, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokujiro Uchida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA.
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8
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Nakamichi R, Asahara H. Motion-capture Analysis of Mice Using a Video Recorded on an iPhone Camera. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4539. [PMID: 36505026 PMCID: PMC9711934 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
When focusing on quick movements in the analysis of animal behavior, a high-speed camera can be used as a powerful tool. There are many options for high-speed cameras to record movement. In recent years, the quality and sophistication of videos captured on cell phones have evolved so much that the iPhone's slow-motion video system can function as a tool for behavior analysis. Here, we describe a method to analyze the movement of the ankle joint and jump speed during the jumping action of mice, using an iPhone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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9
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Murakami T, Takahata Y, Hata K, Ebina K, Hirose K, Ruengsinpinya L, Nakaminami Y, Etani Y, Kobayashi S, Maruyama T, Nakano H, Kaneko T, Toyosawa S, Asahara H, Nishimura R. Semaphorin 4D induces articular cartilage destruction and inflammation in joints by transcriptionally reprogramming chondrocytes. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabl5304. [PMID: 36318619 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abl5304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines play critical roles in the pathogenesis of joint diseases. Using a mass spectrometry-based cloning approach, we identified Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) as an inflammatory cytokine that directly promoted cartilage destruction. Sema4d-deficient mice showed less cartilage destruction than wild-type mice in a model of rheumatoid arthritis. Sema4D induced a proinflammatory response in mouse articular chondrocytes characterized by the induction of proteolytic enzymes that degrade cartilage, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases. The activation of Mmp13 and Mmp3 expression in articular chondrocytes by Sema4D did not depend on RhoA, a GTPase that mediates Sema4D-induced cytoskeletal rearrangements. Instead, it required NF-κB signaling and Ras-MEK-Erk1/2 signaling downstream of the receptors Plexin-B2 and c-Met and depended on the transcription factors IκBζ and C/EBPδ. Genetic and pharmacological blockade of these Sema4D signaling pathways inhibited MMP induction in chondrocytes and cartilage destruction in femoral head organ culture. Our results reveal a mechanism by which Sema4D signaling promotes cartilage destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takahata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ebina
- Department of Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Hirose
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Lerdluck Ruengsinpinya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Yuri Nakaminami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Etani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sachi Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Mucosal Immunology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Satoru Toyosawa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Riko Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Sasako T, Umehara T, Soeda K, Kaneko K, Suzuki M, Kobayashi N, Okazaki Y, Tamura-Nakano M, Chiba T, Accili D, Kahn CR, Noda T, Asahara H, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T, Ueki K. Deletion of skeletal muscle Akt1/2 causes osteosarcopenia and reduces lifespan in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5655. [PMID: 36198696 PMCID: PMC9535008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered to be accelerated by insulin signaling in lower organisms, but it remained unclear whether this could hold true for mammals. Here we show that mice with skeletal muscle-specific double knockout of Akt1/2, key downstream molecules of insulin signaling, serve as a model of premature sarcopenia with insulin resistance. The knockout mice exhibit a progressive reduction in skeletal muscle mass, impairment of motor function and systemic insulin sensitivity. They also show osteopenia, and reduced lifespan largely due to death from debilitation on normal chow and death from tumor on high-fat diet. These phenotypes are almost reversed by additional knocking out of Foxo1/4, but only partially by additional knocking out of Tsc2 to activate the mTOR pathway. Overall, our data suggest that, unlike in lower organisms, suppression of Akt activity in skeletal muscle of mammals associated with insulin resistance and aging could accelerate osteosarcopenia and consequently reduce lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sasako
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Umehara
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Soeda
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kaneko
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Suzuki
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kobayashi
- grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okazaki
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwa Tamura-Nakano
- grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Communal Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Domenico Accili
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, Department of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XJoslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Tetsuo Noda
- grid.410807.a0000 0001 0037 4131Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.410813.f0000 0004 1764 6940Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- grid.45203.300000 0004 0489 0290Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Molecular Diabetetology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Fujii Y, Liu L, Yagasaki L, Inotsume M, Chiba T, Asahara H. Cartilage Homeostasis and Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116316. [PMID: 35682994 PMCID: PMC9181530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy limb joints are important for maintaining health and attaining longevity. Endochondral ossification (the replacement of cartilage with bone, occurring during skeletal development) is essential for bone formation, especially in long-axis bones. In contrast to endochondral ossification, chondrocyte populations in articular cartilage persist and maintain joint tissue into adulthood. Articular cartilage, a connective tissue consisting of chondrocytes and their surrounding extracellular matrices, plays an essential role in the mechanical cushioning of joints in postnatal locomotion. Osteoarthritis (OA) pathology relates to disruptions in the balance between anabolic and catabolic signals, that is, the loss of chondrocyte homeostasis due to aging or overuse of cartilages. The onset of OA increases with age, shortening a person’s healthy life expectancy. Although many people with OA experience pain, the mainstay of treatment is symptomatic therapy, and no fundamental treatment has yet been established. To establish regenerative or preventative therapies for cartilage diseases, further understanding of the mechanisms of cartilage development, morphosis, and homeostasis is required. In this review, we describe the general development of cartilage and OA pathology, followed by a discussion on anabolic and catabolic signals in cartilage homeostasis, mainly microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Fujii
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; (Y.F.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (M.I.); (T.C.)
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; (Y.F.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (M.I.); (T.C.)
| | - Lisa Yagasaki
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; (Y.F.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (M.I.); (T.C.)
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-851, Japan
| | - Maiko Inotsume
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; (Y.F.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (M.I.); (T.C.)
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; (Y.F.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (M.I.); (T.C.)
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8501, Japan; (Y.F.); (L.L.); (L.Y.); (M.I.); (T.C.)
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-03-5803-4614
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12
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Nakamichi R, Ma S, Nonoyama T, Chiba T, Kurimoto R, Ohzono H, Olmer M, Shukunami C, Fuku N, Wang G, Morrison E, Pitsiladis YP, Ozaki T, D'Lima D, Lotz M, Patapoutian A, Asahara H. The mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 is expressed in tendons and regulates physical performance. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj5557. [PMID: 35648809 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj5557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
How mechanical stress affects physical performance via tendons is not fully understood. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel, and E756del PIEZO1 was recently found as a gain-of-function variant that is common in individuals of African descent. We generated tendon-specific knock-in mice using R2482H Piezo1, a mouse gain-of-function variant, and found that they had higher jumping abilities and faster running speeds than wild-type or muscle-specific knock-in mice. These phenotypes were associated with enhanced tendon anabolism via an increase in tendon-specific transcription factors, Mohawk and Scleraxis, but there was no evidence of changes in muscle. Biomechanical analysis showed that the tendons of R2482H Piezo1 mice were more compliant and stored more elastic energy, consistent with the enhancement of jumping ability. These phenotypes were replicated in mice with tendon-specific R2482H Piezo1 replacement after tendon maturation, indicating that PIEZO1 could be a target for promoting physical performance by enhancing function in mature tendon. The frequency of E756del PIEZO1 was higher in sprinters than in population-matched nonathletic controls in a small Jamaican cohort, suggesting a similar function in humans. Together, this human and mouse genetic and physiological evidence revealed a critical function of tendons in physical performance, which is tightly and robustly regulated by PIEZO1 in tenocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shang Ma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
| | - Takayuki Nonoyama
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science and Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohzono
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1965, Japan
| | - Guan Wang
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Devices, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK
| | - Errol Morrison
- National Commission on Science and Technology, PCJ Building, 36 Trafalgar Road, Kingston 10, Jamaica
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK.,Centre of Stress and Age-related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4AT, UK
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Darryl D'Lima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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13
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Kawata M, Teramura T, Ordoukhanian P, Head SR, Natarajan P, Sundaresan A, Olmer M, Asahara H, Lotz MK. Krüppel-like factor-4 and Krüppel-like factor-2 are important regulators of joint tissue cells and protect against tissue destruction and inflammation in osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:annrheumdis-2021-221867. [PMID: 35534137 PMCID: PMC9643672 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Analysing expression patterns of Krüppel-like factor (KLF) transcription factors in normal and osteoarthritis (OA) human cartilage, and determining functions and mechanisms of KLF4 and KLF2 in joint homoeostasis and OA pathogenesis. METHODS Experimental approaches included human joint tissues cells, transgenic mice and mouse OA model with viral KLF4 gene delivery to demonstrate therapeutic benefit in structure and pain improvement. Mechanistic studies applied global gene expression analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). RESULTS Several KLF genes were significantly decreased in OA cartilage. Among them, KLF4 and KLF2 were strong inducers of cartilage collagen genes and Proteoglycan-4. Cartilage-specific deletion of Klf2 in mature mice aggravated severity of experimental OA. Transduction of human chondrocytes with Adenovirus (Ad) expressing KLF4 or KLF2 enhanced expression of major cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) genes and SRY-box transcription factor-9, and suppressed mediators of inflammation and ECM-degrading enzymes. Ad-KLF4 and Ad-KLF2 enhanced similar protective functions in meniscus cells and synoviocytes, and promoted chondrocytic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Viral KLF4 delivery into mouse knees reduced severity of OA-associated changes in cartilage, meniscus and synovium, and improved pain behaviours. ChIP-seq analysis suggested that KLF4 directly bound cartilage signature genes. Ras-related protein-1 signalling was the most enriched pathway in KLF4-transduced cells, and its signalling axis was involved in upregulating cartilage ECM genes by KLF4 and KLF2. CONCLUSIONS KLF4 and KLF2 may be central transcription factors that increase protective and regenerative functions in joint tissue cells, suggesting that KLF gene transfer or molecules upregulating KLFs are therapeutic candidates for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kawata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Takeshi Teramura
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Philip Ordoukhanian
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Steven R Head
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Padmaja Natarajan
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Aishwarya Sundaresan
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
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14
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Takada K, Chiba T, Miyazaki T, Yagasaki L, Nakamichi R, Iwata T, Moriyama K, Harada H, Asahara H. Single Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Critical Functions of Mkx in Periodontal Ligament Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:795441. [PMID: 35186919 PMCID: PMC8854991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.795441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) comprises a fibrous tissue that connects teeth to alveolar bone and is essential for periodontal function. The transcription factor mohawk homeobox (Mkx) is expressed in the PDL where it plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the PDL. However, the precise and critical functions of Mkx in the cell populations comprising PDL have not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of a Mkx deficiency on PDL cellular heterogeneity and differences between gene expression in PDL tissues from wild-type (WT) (Mkx+/+) and Mkx knockout (Mkx−/−) rats using single-cell RNA sequencing. We identified 12 cell clusters comprising mesenchymal cells and macrophages. The expression of Mkx and scleraxis (Scx; another key transcription factor of PDL), was mutually exclusive, and partitioned mesenchymal cell clusters into Mkx and Scx types that dominantly expressed proteoglycans and elastic fibers, and type 1 and 3 collagen, respectively. Ossification-related genes were upregulated in mesenchymal cell and osteoblast clusters with more Mkx−/− than Mkx+/+ PDLs. Increased number of cells and inflammatory mediators were observed in macrophage clusters of Mkx−/− PDL. These results suggested that Mkx plays an important role in maintaining PDL homeostasis by regulating specific cell populations and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyazaki
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Lisa Yagasaki
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hiroshi Asahara,
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15
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Tsutsumi H, Kurimoto R, Nakamichi R, Chiba T, Matsushima T, Fujii Y, Sanada R, Kato T, Shishido K, Sakamaki Y, Kimura T, Kishida A, Asahara H. Generation of a tendon-like tissue from human iPS cells. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221074018. [PMID: 35083031 PMCID: PMC8785341 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221074018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments are essential connective tissues that connect the muscle and bone. Their recovery from injuries is known to be poor, highlighting the crucial need for an effective therapy. A few reports have described the development of artificial ligaments with sufficient strength from human cells. In this study, we successfully generated a tendon-like tissue (bio-tendon) using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We first differentiated human iPSCs into mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) and transfected them with Mohawk (Mkx) to obtain Mkx-iPSC-MSCs, which were applied to a newly designed chamber with a mechanical stretch incubation system. The embedded Mkx-iPSC-MSCs created bio-tendons and exhibited an aligned extracellular matrix structure. Transplantation of the bio-tendons into a mouse Achilles tendon rupture model showed host-derived cell infiltration with improved histological score and biomechanical properties. Taken together, the bio-tendon generated in this study has potential clinical applications for tendon/ligament-related injuries and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tsutsumi
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsushima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Yuta Fujii
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Risa Sanada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Kana Shishido
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakamaki
- Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Material-Based Medical Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Akio Kishida
- Department of Material-Based Medical Engineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo City, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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16
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Miyazaki T, Kurimoto R, Chiba T, Matsushima T, Nakamichi R, Tsutsumi H, Takada K, Yagasaki L, Kato T, Shishido K, Kobayashi Y, Matsumoto T, Moriyama K, Asahara H. Mkx regulates the orthodontic tooth movement via osteoclast induction. J Bone Miner Metab 2021; 39:780-786. [PMID: 33988755 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-021-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays an important role in orthodontic tooth movement; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. We have previously reported that the Mohawk homeobox (Mkx), a tendon-specific transcription factor, is expressed in the PDL and regulates its homeostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we examined the role of Mkx in orthodontic tooth movement via bone remodeling induced by mechanical stimulation in Mkx-deficient rats, which are widely used as experimental animals for orthodontic force application. Orthodontic tooth movement of the maxillary first molar was performed in 7-week-old male Mkx-deficient rats (n = 4) and wild-type Wistar rats (n = 4) using coil springs for 14 days. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were performed to evaluate morphological changes and osteoclasts. Furthermore, changes in the expression of receptor activator nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) were demonstrated using immunostaining. RESULTS The amount of tooth movement was significantly lower in Mkx-deficient rats than in wild-type rats. The number of TRAP-positive cells was suppressed in Mkx-deficient rats on the compression side. CONCLUSION Orthodontic tooth movement experiments in Mkx-deficient rats suggested that Mkx is involved in osteoclast induction at the alveolar bone surface on the compression side. This study reveals the possibility that Mkx plays a mechanosensory role in orthodontic tooth movement by inducing RANKL expression and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Miyazaki
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsushima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hiroki Tsutsumi
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacilal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Lisa Yagasaki
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Shishido
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiho Kobayashi
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Matsumoto
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45Bunkyo-ku, YushimaTokyo, Japan.
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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17
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Kurimoto R, Ikeuchi S, Hosogai H, Asahara H. MO18-6 The tumor suppression potential of RNA pseudouridine synthase family via microRNA regulation. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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18
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Kurimoto R, Tsutsumi H, Ikeuchi S, Asahara H. Abstract 2370: Tumor suppression potential of tRNA modification enzyme TruBs via let-7. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNAs) let-7 is firstly discovered and widely involved in various tumors. Let-7 suppresses mRNAs of many oncogenes, such as KRAS and MYC. This, let-7 is strongly and selectively regulated by Lin28A/B. The let-7-Lin28A/B relationship could explain the pathogenesis of many tumors. However, the control mechanism of let-7, which cannot be explained by Lin28A/B alone, is reported. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of microRNAs by RNA-binding proteins such as Lin28 remains unclear. We have reported that TruB1, one of the tRNA modifying enzymes, specifically regulates let-7 by whole RNA binding protein screen (Kurimoto et al., EMBO J (2020)39:e104708). In this study, we evaluated in detail the effect of this TruB1-let-7 axis on the tumor phenotype. In addition to TruB1, another tRNA modifying enzyme TruB2 and other candidate RNA binding proteins were evaluated for its let-7 regulatory mechanism and tumor suppressive potential. We evaluated the effects of these candidates on cell proliferation and stemness in MTT assay, sphere formation assay and Xenograft model with knock down (KD) or over expression (in A549, HeLa or THP-1 cells). To elucidate that the phenotype was associated with let-7, we also use RNAi for let-7 families. We also checked the let-7-candidate proteins binding by RIP and eCLIP (enhanced version of the crosslinking and immunoprecipitation) analysis. Clinical effectiveness was assessed by public database (GEO and TCGA). In results, overexpression of TruB1 and other several genes suppressed the tumor growth and sphere formation ability in vitro with let-7 elevation. Interestingly, these suppressions were also seen in TruB enzymatic null mutants in TruBs (as we have reported in recently (Kurimoto et al., EMBO J (2020)39:e104708)). However, only TruB1 KD and one other candidate (gene A) KD showed the tendency to increase the tumor growth in vitro or in Xenograft model. The eCLIP and RIP analysis showed direct binding of TruB1 and gene A to let-7, but not TruB2 and others. In public database, only TruB1 and gene A strongly inversely correlated with several tumors. There was no relationship in TruB2 and tumor. These data introduced the novel players TruB1 and gene A to regulate the specific miRNA biogenesis and its impact on tumor phenotypes. Our data highlighted the potential of RNA binding protein independing on its known activity.
Citation Format: Ryota Kurimoto, Hiroki Tsutsumi, Saki Ikeuchi, Hiroshi Asahara. Tumor suppression potential of tRNA modification enzyme TruBs via let-7 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2370.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saki Ikeuchi
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Uchida Y, Matsushima T, Kurimoto R, Chiba T, Inutani Y, Asahara H. Abstract 20: HiBiT tagging system for high throughput chemical screening for chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemical screening is an essential procedure for finding novel drugs of cancer treatments. Especially, cell-based screenings are mostly used for discovery of novel compounds or drug repositioning of already-used drugs. Cell viability or cell proliferation are usually used for evaluation of effects of candidate novel compounds for cancer treatments. However, high throughput system for rapid evaluation of endogenous target protein expression changes has not been established so far. Therefore, an easy and quick method for detection of endogenous target protein expression changes has been strongly needed for drug discovery. Herein, we established a novel chemical compound screening system using the HiBiT-tagging system for this aim using PD-L1 as an example. HiBiT tag is a small peptide tag composed of only 11 amino acids forming a dimer with LgBiT, and functions as a Nanoluciferase. The shortness of the peptide tag is useful for insertion of tag using genome editing technology. Thereby, we established a rapid chemical screening method using HiBiT-tagged cell lines created by CRISPR-Cas9 system. With this method, we made it possible to detect endogenous target protein expression changes within 10 minutes by just adding lytic buffer and LgBiT. For validation of this method, we performed chemical screening of PD-L1 using a HiBiT-tagged lung adenocarcinoma cell line with 1,280 compounds. As a result, we identified microtubule inhibitors as compounds upregulating PD-L1, and validated its upregulation of PD-L1 with qPCR and western blotting. In conclusion, we succeeded in establishing the method for chemical compounds detecting endogenous target protein expression changes with HiBiT-tagging system. Furthermore, we validated this method by performing chemical screening with PD-L1, and succeeded in identifying microtubules inhibitors as up-regulators of PD-L1.
Citation Format: Yutaro Uchida, Takahide Matsushima, Ryota Kurimoto, Tomoki Chiba, Yuki Inutani, Hiroshi Asahara. HiBiT tagging system for high throughput chemical screening for chemotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 20.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomoki Chiba
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Inutani
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Lee KI, Gamini R, Olmer M, Ikuta Y, Hasei J, Baek J, Alvarez-Garcia O, Grogan SP, D'Lima DD, Asahara H, Su AI, Lotz MK. Mohawk is a transcription factor that promotes meniscus cell phenotype and tissue repair and reduces osteoarthritis severity. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/567/eaan7967. [PMID: 33115953 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan7967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Meniscus tears are common knee injuries and a major osteoarthritis (OA) risk factor. Knowledge gaps that limit the development of therapies for meniscus injury and degeneration concern transcription factors that control the meniscus cell phenotype. Analysis of RNA sequencing data from 37 human tissues in the Genotype-Tissue Expression database and RNA sequencing data from meniscus and articular cartilage showed that transcription factor Mohawk (MKX) is highly enriched in meniscus. In human meniscus cells, MKX regulates the expression of meniscus marker genes, OA-related genes, and other transcription factors, including Scleraxis (SCX), SRY Box 5 (SOX5), and Runt domain-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). In mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the combination of adenoviral MKX (Ad-MKX) and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) induced a meniscus cell phenotype. When Ad-MKX-transduced MSCs were seeded on TGF-β3-conjugated decellularized meniscus scaffold (DMS) and inserted into experimental tears in meniscus explants, they increased glycosaminoglycan content, extracellular matrix interconnectivity, cell infiltration into the DMS, and improved biomechanical properties. Ad-MKX injection into mouse knee joints with experimental OA induced by surgical destabilization of the meniscus suppressed meniscus and cartilage damage, reducing OA severity. Ad-MKX injection into human OA meniscus tissue explants corrected pathogenic gene expression. These results identify MKX as a previously unidentified key transcription factor that regulates the meniscus cell phenotype. The combination of Ad-MKX with TGF-β3 is effective for differentiation of MSCs to a meniscus cell phenotype and useful for meniscus repair. MKX is a promising therapeutic target for meniscus tissue engineering, repair, and prevention of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Il Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ramya Gamini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yasunari Ikuta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joe Hasei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jihye Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Shawn P Grogan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Darryl D D'Lima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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21
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Kurimoto R, Asahara H. P64.03 RNA Modification Enzyme TruB1 Regulate Tumor Proliferation via MicroRNA let-7. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Tendons transmit power from muscles to bones, and ligaments maintain the stability of joints, thus producing smooth and flexible movements of articular joints. However, tendons have poor self-healing ability upon damage due to injuries, diseases, or aging. To maintain homeostasis or promote regeneration of the tendon/ligament, it is critical to understand the mechanism responsible for the coordination of tendon/ligament-specific gene expression and subsequent cell differentiation. In this review, we have discussed the core molecular mechanisms involved in the development and homeostasis of tendons and ligaments, with particular focus on transcription factors, signaling, and mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, , La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, , La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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23
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Uchida Y, Matsushima T, Kurimoto R, Chiba T, Inutani Y, Asahara H. Identification of chemical compounds regulating PD-L1 by introducing HiBiT-tagged cells. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:563-576. [PMID: 33421110 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a co-inhibitory molecule expressed on tumor cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors focusing on the PD-L1 mechanism are now being studied for the treatment of various cancer types. However, the regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 is yet to be fully clarified, and a high-throughput system for comparing the abilities of small compounds in regulating PD-L1 has not yet been established. Therefore, we created a HiBiT-tagged lung adenocarcinoma cell line, PC9-KI, for easier and faster detection of changes in PD-L1 protein expression. Using PC9-KI cells, we screened 1280 chemical compounds from the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds and identified microtubule polymerization inhibitors and thapsigargin as PD-L1 upregulators and a p97 inhibitor as a PD-L1 downregulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Uchida
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsushima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Yuki Inutani
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
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24
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Kurimoto R, Chiba T, Ito Y, Matsushima T, Yano Y, Miyata K, Yashiro Y, Suzuki T, Tomita K, Asahara H. The tRNA pseudouridine synthase TruB1 regulates the maturation of let-7 miRNA. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104708. [PMID: 32926445 PMCID: PMC7560213 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Let-7 is an evolutionary conserved microRNA that mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing to regulate a wide range of biological processes, including development, differentiation, and tumor suppression. Let-7 biogenesis is tightly regulated by several RNA-binding proteins, including Lin28A/B, which represses let-7 maturation. To identify new regulators of let-7, we devised a cell-based functional screen of RNA-binding proteins using a let-7 sensor luciferase reporter and identified the tRNA pseudouridine synthase, TruB1. TruB1 enhanced maturation specifically of let-7 family members. Rather than inducing pseudouridylation of the miRNAs, high-throughput sequencing crosslinking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP) and biochemical analyses revealed direct binding between endogenous TruB1 and the stem-loop structure of pri-let-7, which also binds Lin28A/B. TruB1 selectively enhanced the interaction between pri-let-7 and the microprocessor DGCR8, which mediates miRNA maturation. Finally, TruB1 suppressed cell proliferation, which was mediated in part by let-7. Altogether, we reveal an unexpected function for TruB1 in promoting let-7 maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicineGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicineGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicineGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
- Research CoreResearch Facility ClusterInstitute of ResearchTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Takahide Matsushima
- Department of Systems BioMedicineGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Yano
- Department of Systems BioMedicineGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Kohei Miyata
- Department Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of MedicineFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yuka Yashiro
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical SciencesGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoKashiwaChibaJapan
| | - Tsutomu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kozo Tomita
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical SciencesGraduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoKashiwaChibaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicineGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteSan DiegoCAUSA
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25
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Kataoka K, Kurimoto R, Tsutsumi H, Chiba T, Kato T, Shishido K, Kato M, Ito Y, Cho Y, Hoshi O, Mimata A, Sakamaki Y, Nakamichi R, Lotz MK, Naruse K, Asahara H. In vitro Neo-Genesis of Tendon/Ligament-Like Tissue by Combination of Mohawk and a Three-Dimensional Cyclic Mechanical Stretch Culture System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:307. [PMID: 32671057 PMCID: PMC7326056 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments are pivotal connective tissues that tightly connect muscle and bone. In this study, we developed a novel approach to generate tendon/ligament-like tissues with a hierarchical structure, by introducing the tendon/ligament-specific transcription factor Mohawk (MKX) into the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line C3H10T1/2 cells, and by applying an improved three-dimensional (3D) cyclic mechanical stretch culture system. In our developed protocol, a combination of stable Mkx expression and cyclic mechanical stretch synergistically affects the structural tendon/ligament-like tissue generation and tendon related gene expression. In a histological analysis of these tendon/ligament-like tissues, an organized extracellular matrix (ECM), containing collagen type III and elastin, was observed. Moreover, we confirmed that Mkx expression and cyclic mechanical stretch, induced the alignment of structural collagen fibril bundles that were deposited in a fibripositor-like manner during the generation of our tendon/ligament-like tissues. Our findings provide new insights for the tendon/ligament biomaterial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsutsumi
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Shishido
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Kato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Cho
- Anatomy and Physiological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Hoshi
- Anatomy and Physiological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Mimata
- Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakamaki
- Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Keiji Naruse
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Sato T, Kataoka K, Ito Y, Yokoyama S, Inui M, Mori M, Takahashi S, Akita K, Takada S, Ueno-Kudoh H, Asahara H. Lin28a/let-7 pathway modulates the Hox code via Polycomb regulation during axial patterning in vertebrates. eLife 2020; 9:53608. [PMID: 32479258 PMCID: PMC7259951 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The body plan along the anteroposterior axis and regional identities are specified by the spatiotemporal expression of Hox genes. Multistep controls are required for their unique expression patterns; however, the molecular mechanisms behind the tight control of Hox genes are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the Lin28a/let-7 pathway is critical for axial elongation. Lin28a–/– mice exhibited axial shortening with mild skeletal transformations of vertebrae, which were consistent with results in mice with tail bud-specific mutants of Lin28a. The accumulation of let-7 in Lin28a–/– mice resulted in the reduction of PRC1 occupancy at the Hox cluster loci by targeting Cbx2. Consistently, Lin28a loss in embryonic stem-like cells led to aberrant induction of posterior Hox genes, which was rescued by the knockdown of let-7. These results suggest that the Lin28/let-7 pathway is involved in the modulation of the ‘Hox code’ via Polycomb regulation during axial patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Metabolism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Masafumi Inui
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Chemistry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akita
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ueno-Kudoh
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Reproduction Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
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27
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Yano Y, Chiba T, Asahara H. Analysis of the Mouse Y Chromosome by Single-Molecule Sequencing With Y Chromosome Enrichment. Front Genet 2020; 11:406. [PMID: 32457799 PMCID: PMC7221202 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since human and mouse Y chromosomes contain repeated sequences, it is difficult to determine the precise sequences and analyze the function of individual Y chromosome genes. Therefore, the causes of many diseases and abnormalities related to Y chromosome genes, such as male infertility, remain unclear. In this study, to elucidate the mouse Y chromosome, we enriched the mouse Y chromosome using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) equipped with commonly used UV and blue 488 nm lasers and read the nucleotides using the Oxford Nanopore MinION long-read sequencer. This sequencing strategy allows us to cover the whole known region as well as the potential undetermined region of the Y chromosome. FACS-based chromosome enrichment and long-read sequencing are suitable for analysis of the Y chromosome sequences and may lead to further understanding of the physiological role of Y chromosome genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yano
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
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28
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Isobe M, Toya H, Mito M, Chiba T, Asahara H, Hirose T, Nakagawa S. Forced isoform switching of Neat1_1 to Neat1_2 leads to the loss of Neat1_1 and the hyperformation of paraspeckles but does not affect the development and growth of mice. RNA 2020; 26:251-264. [PMID: 31822595 PMCID: PMC7025509 DOI: 10.1261/rna.072587.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Neat1 is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that serves as an architectural component of the nuclear bodies known as paraspeckles. Two isoforms of Neat1, the short isoform Neat1_1 and the long isoform Neat1_2, are generated from the same gene locus by alternative 3' processing. Neat1_1 is the most abundant and the best conserved isoform expressed in various cell types, whereas Neat1_2 is expressed in a small population of particular cell types, including the tip cells of the intestinal epithelium. To investigate the physiological significance of isoform switching, we created mutant mice that solely expressed Neat1_2 by deleting the upstream polyadenylation (poly-A) signal (PAS) required for the production of Neat1_1. We observed the loss of Neat1_1 and strong up-regulation of Neat1_2 in various tissues and cells and the subsequent hyperformation of paraspeckles, especially in cells that normally express Neat1_2. However, the mutant mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratios and did not exhibit obvious external and histological abnormalities. These observations suggested that the hyperformation of paraspeckles does not interfere with the development and growth of these animals under normal laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momo Isobe
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hikaru Toya
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mari Mito
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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29
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Abstract
Damage to the intervertebral discs (IVDs) occurs due to aging or excessive mechanical stress, causing a series of IVD-related degenerative diseases, such as spinal disc herniation and spondylosis. These IVD-related diseases are difficult to cure, partially because the regeneration ability of IVDs is not sufficient. As a novel strategy for treatment of IVD-related diseases, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation to the damaged discs has been reported in animal studies. To further develop and improve this approach, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the molecular network regulating IVD development by critical transcription factors. Recent findings reveal that during IVD development, nucleus pulposus and annuls fibrosus differentiation is coordinated by a series of transcription factors, such as Mkx, Pax1, 9, Shh, Foxa1, 2, T-Brachyury, and Sox5, 6, 9. The combination of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation with the regulation of these molecules may provide a novel strategy for treatment of degenerative disc diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular and Experimental MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia
- Department of Systems BiomedicineTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
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30
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Isobe M, Toya H, Mito M, Chiba T, Asahara H, Hirose T, Nakagawa S. Forced isoform switching of Neat1_1 to Neat1_2 leads to the loss of Neat1_1 and the hyperformation of paraspeckles but does not affect the development and growth of mice. RNA 2020. [PMID: 31822595 DOI: 10.1101/698068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Neat1 is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that serves as an architectural component of the nuclear bodies known as paraspeckles. Two isoforms of Neat1, the short isoform Neat1_1 and the long isoform Neat1_2, are generated from the same gene locus by alternative 3' processing. Neat1_1 is the most abundant and the best conserved isoform expressed in various cell types, whereas Neat1_2 is expressed in a small population of particular cell types, including the tip cells of the intestinal epithelium. To investigate the physiological significance of isoform switching, we created mutant mice that solely expressed Neat1_2 by deleting the upstream polyadenylation (poly-A) signal (PAS) required for the production of Neat1_1. We observed the loss of Neat1_1 and strong up-regulation of Neat1_2 in various tissues and cells and the subsequent hyperformation of paraspeckles, especially in cells that normally express Neat1_2. However, the mutant mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratios and did not exhibit obvious external and histological abnormalities. These observations suggested that the hyperformation of paraspeckles does not interfere with the development and growth of these animals under normal laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momo Isobe
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hikaru Toya
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mari Mito
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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31
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Adriaens C, Rambow F, Bervoets G, Silla T, Mito M, Chiba T, Asahara H, Hirose T, Nakagawa S, Jensen TH, Marine JC. The long noncoding RNA NEAT1_1 is seemingly dispensable for normal tissue homeostasis and cancer cell growth. RNA 2019; 25:1681-1695. [PMID: 31551298 PMCID: PMC6859857 DOI: 10.1261/rna.071456.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
NEAT1 is one of the most studied lncRNAs, in part because its silencing in mice causes defects in mammary gland development and corpus luteum formation and protects them from skin cancer development. Moreover, depleting NEAT1 in established cancer cell lines reduces growth and sensitizes cells to DNA damaging agents. However, NEAT1 produces two isoforms and because the short isoform, NEAT1_1, completely overlaps the 5' part of the long NEAT1_2 isoform; the respective contributions of each of the isoforms to these phenotypes has remained unclear. Whereas NEAT1_1 is highly expressed in most tissues, NEAT1_2 is the central architectural component of paraspeckles, which are nuclear bodies that assemble in specific tissues and cells exposed to various forms of stress. Using dual RNA-FISH to detect both NEAT1_1 outside of the paraspeckles and NEAT1_2/NEAT1 inside this nuclear body, we report herein that NEAT1_1 levels are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle and targeted for degradation by the nuclear RNA exosome. Unexpectedly, however, cancer cells engineered to lack NEAT1_1, but not NEAT1_2, do not exhibit cell cycle defects. Moreover, Neat1_1-specific knockout mice do not exhibit the phenotypes observed in Neat1-deficient mice. We propose that NEAT1 functions are mainly, if not exclusively, attributable to NEAT1_2 and, by extension, to paraspeckles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Adriaens
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Oncology Department, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Rambow
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Oncology Department, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Bervoets
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Oncology Department, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Toomas Silla
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mari Mito
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 351-0198 Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, 060-0808 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, 060-0812 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Torben Heick Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Oncology Department, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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32
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Uchida Y, Chiba T, Kurimoto R, Asahara H. Post-transcriptional regulation of inflammation by RNA-binding proteins via cis-elements of mRNAs. J Biochem 2019; 166:375-382. [PMID: 31511872 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In human genome, there are approximately 1,500 RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). They can regulate mRNA stability or translational efficiency via ribosomes and these processes are known as 'post-transcriptional regulation'. Accumulating evidences indicate that post-transcriptional regulation is the determinant of the accurate levels of cytokines mRNAs. While transcriptional regulation of cytokines mRNAs has been well studied and found to be important for the rapid induction of mRNA and regulation of the acute phase of inflammation, post-transcriptional regulation by RBPs is essential for resolving inflammation in the later phase, and their dysfunction may lead to severe autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. For post-transcriptional regulation, RBPs recognize and directly bind to cis-regulatory elements in 3' untranslated region of mRNAs such as AU-rich or constitutive decay elements and play various roles. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the role of RBPs in the regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Uchida
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Kurimoto R, Tsutsumi H, Uchida Y, Asahara H. New regulatory mechanism of tumor suppressor microRNA let-7s (comprehensive approach for tumor suppressors in vitro). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz343.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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34
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Matsuzaki T, Alvarez-Garcia O, Mokuda S, Nagira K, Olmer M, Gamini R, Miyata K, Akasaki Y, Su AI, Asahara H, Lotz MK. FoxO transcription factors modulate autophagy and proteoglycan 4 in cartilage homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/428/eaan0746. [PMID: 29444976 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a main risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). FoxO transcription factors protect against cellular and organismal aging, and FoxO expression in cartilage is reduced with aging and in OA. To investigate the role of FoxO in cartilage, Col2Cre-FoxO1, 3, and 4 single knockout (KO) and triple KO mice (Col2Cre-TKO) were analyzed. Articular cartilage in Col2Cre-TKO and Col2Cre-FoxO1 KO mice was thicker than in control mice at 1 or 2 months of age. This was associated with increased proliferation of chondrocytes of Col2Cre-TKO mice in vivo and in vitro. OA-like changes developed in cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone between 4 and 6 months of age in Col2Cre-TKO and Col2Cre-FoxO1 KO mice. Col2Cre-FoxO3 and FoxO4 KO mice showed no cartilage abnormalities until 18 months of age when Col2Cre-FoxO3 KO mice had more severe OA than control mice. Autophagy and antioxidant defense genes were reduced in Col2Cre-TKO mice. Deletion of FoxO1/3/4 in mature mice using Aggrecan(Acan)-CreERT2 (AcanCreERT-TKO) also led to spontaneous cartilage degradation and increased OA severity in a surgical model or treadmill running. The superficial zone of knee articular cartilage of Col2Cre-TKO and AcanCreERT-TKO mice exhibited reduced cell density and markedly decreased Prg4 In vitro, ectopic FoxO1 expression increased Prg4 and synergized with transforming growth factor-β stimulation. In OA chondrocytes, overexpression of FoxO1 reduced inflammatory mediators and cartilage-degrading enzymes, increased protective genes, and antagonized interleukin-1β effects. Our observations suggest that FoxO play a key role in postnatal cartilage development, maturation, and homeostasis and protect against OA-associated cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oscar Alvarez-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sho Mokuda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Keita Nagira
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ramya Gamini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kohei Miyata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yukio Akasaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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35
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Mokuda S, Nakamichi R, Matsuzaki T, Ito Y, Sato T, Miyata K, Inui M, Olmer M, Sugiyama E, Lotz M, Asahara H. Wwp2 maintains cartilage homeostasis through regulation of Adamts5. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2429. [PMID: 31160553 PMCID: PMC6546747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The WW domain-containing protein 2 (Wwp2) gene, the host gene of miR-140, codes for the Wwp2 protein, which is an HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases abundantly expressed in articular cartilage. However, its function remains unclear. Here, we show that mice lacking Wwp2 and mice in which the Wwp2 E3 enzyme is inactivated (Wwp2-C838A) exhibit aggravated spontaneous and surgically induced osteoarthritis (OA). Consistent with this phenotype, WWP2 expression level is downregulated in human OA cartilage. We also identify Runx2 as a Wwp2 substrate and Adamts5 as a target gene, as similar as miR-140. Analysis of Wwp2-C838A mice shows that loss of Wwp2 E3 ligase activity results in upregulation of Runx2-Adamts5 signaling in articular cartilage. Furthermore, in vitro transcribed Wwp2 mRNA injection into mouse joints reduces the severity of experimental OA. We propose that Wwp2 has a role in protecting cartilage from OA by suppressing Runx2-induced Adamts5 via Runx2 poly-ubiquitination and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Mokuda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tokio Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Research Core, Research Facility Cluster, Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Masafumi Inui
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Martin Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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36
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Saito T, Hara S, Kato T, Tamano M, Muramatsu A, Asahara H, Takada S. A tandem repeat array in IG-DMR is essential for imprinting of paternal allele at the Dlk1-Dio3 domain during embryonic development. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3283-3292. [PMID: 29931170 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a phenomenon that causes parent-origin-specific monoallelic expression of a small subset of genes, known as imprinted genes, by parentally inherited epigenetic marks. Imprinted genes at the delta-like homolog 1 gene (Dlk1)-type III iodothyronine deiodinase gene (Dio3) imprinted domain, regulated by intergenic differentially methylated region (IG-DMR), are essential for normal development of late embryonic stages. Although the functions of IG-DMR have been reported by generating knockout mice, molecular details of the regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood as the specific sequence(s) of IG-DMR have not been identified. Here, we generated mutant mice by deleting a 216 bp tandem repeated sequence in IG-DMR, which comprised seven repeats of 24 bp motifs, by genome editing technologies. The mutant mice showed that paternal transmission of the deletion allele, but not maternal transmission, induces severe growth retardation and perinatal lethality, possibly due to placental defects. Embryos with a paternally transmitted deletion allele showed biallelic expression of maternally expressed genes and repression of paternally expressed genes. DNA methylation status also showed loss of methylation at IG-DMR and Gtl2-DMR, indicating that the tandem repeat sequence of IG-DMR is one of the functional sequences of IG-DMR, which is required for maintaining DNA methylation imprints of paternal allele at IG-DMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Saito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Regenerative Medicine Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Tamano
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Muramatsu
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Sasako T, Ohsugi M, Kubota N, Itoh S, Okazaki Y, Terai A, Kubota T, Yamashita S, Nakatsukasa K, Kamura T, Iwayama K, Tokuyama K, Kiyonari H, Furuta Y, Shibahara J, Fukayama M, Enooku K, Okushin K, Tsutsumi T, Tateishi R, Tobe K, Asahara H, Koike K, Kadowaki T, Ueki K. Hepatic Sdf2l1 controls feeding-induced ER stress and regulates metabolism. Nat Commun 2019; 10:947. [PMID: 30814508 PMCID: PMC6393527 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic metabolic changes occur in the liver during the transition between fasting and feeding. Here we show that transient ER stress responses in the liver following feeding terminated by Sdf2l1 are essential for normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. Sdf2l1 regulates ERAD through interaction with a trafficking protein, TMED10. Suppression of Sdf2l1 expression in the liver results in insulin resistance and increases triglyceride content with sustained ER stress. In obese and diabetic mice, Sdf2l1 is downregulated due to decreased levels of nuclear XBP-1s, whereas restoration of Sdf2l1 expression ameliorates glucose intolerance and fatty liver with decreased ER stress. In diabetic patients, insufficient induction of Sdf2l1 correlates with progression of insulin resistance and steatohepatitis. Therefore, failure to build an ER stress response in the liver may be a causal factor in obesity-related diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, for which Sdf2l1 could serve as a therapeutic target and sensitive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Sasako
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Department of Molecular Sciences on Diabetes, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohsugi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Clinical Nutrition Therapy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-865, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Itoh
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Kowa Company Limited, Nagoya, 460-0003, Japan
| | - Yukiko Okazaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Ai Terai
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Clinical Nutrition Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, 143-8541, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kunio Nakatsukasa
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takumi Kamura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kaito Iwayama
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Animal Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Furuta
- Animal Resource Development Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Genetic Engineering Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Junji Shibahara
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Enooku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuya Okushin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeya Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Research, The University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Department of Prevention of Diabetes and Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, 213-8507, Japan.
| | - Kohjiro Ueki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (TSBMI), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. .,Department of Molecular Diabetic Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
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Kita M, Nakae J, Kawano Y, Asahara H, Takemori H, Okado H, Itoh H. Zfp238 Regulates the Thermogenic Program in Cooperation with Foxo1. iScience 2019; 12:87-101. [PMID: 30677742 PMCID: PMC6352565 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become an explicit public health concern because of its relevance to metabolic syndrome. Evidence points to the significance of beige adipocytes in regulating energy expenditure. Here, using yeast two-hybrid screening, we show that Zfp238 is a Foxo1 co-repressor and that adipose-tissue-specific ablation of Zfp238 (Adipo-Zfp238KO) in mice leads to obesity, decreased energy expenditure, and insulin resistance under normal chow diet. Adipo-Zfp238KO inhibits induction of Ucp1 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue upon cold exposure or CL316243, but not in brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, knockdown of Zfp238 in 3T3-L1 cells decreases Ucp1 expression in response to cool incubation or forskolin significantly compared with control cells. In contrast, overexpression of Zfp238 in 3T3-L1 cells significantly increases Ucp1 expression in response to forskolin. Finally, double knockdown of both Zfp238 and Foxo1 normalizes Ucp1 induction. These data suggest that Zfp238 in adipose tissue regulates the thermogenic program in cooperation with Foxo1. Zfp238 is a Foxo1 co-repressor Zfp238 deficiency in adipocyte leads to obesity and decreased energy expenditure Knockdown of Zfp238 in 3T3-L1 cells decreases Ucp1 induction Double knockdown of both Zfp238 and Foxo1 normalizes Ucp1 induction
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Kita
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Nakae
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Physiology, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Narita 286-8686, Japan.
| | - Yoshinaga Kawano
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takemori
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Haruo Okado
- Department of Brain Development and Neural Regeneration, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-0057, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Navigation Medicine of Kidney and Metabolism, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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39
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Nakamichi R, Kataoka K, Asahara H. Essential role of Mohawk for tenogenic tissue homeostasis including spinal disc and periodontal ligament. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 28:933-940. [PMID: 29667905 PMCID: PMC6511339 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1466644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments play essential roles in connecting muscle and bone and stabilizing the connections between bones. The damage to tendons and ligaments caused by aging, injury, and arthritis induces the dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system and reduces the quality of life. Current therapy for damaged tendons and ligaments depends on self-repair; however, it is difficult to reconstruct normal tissue. Regeneration therapy for tendons and ligaments has not been achieved, partly because the mechanism, cell biology, and pathophysiology of tendon and ligament development remain unclear. This review summarizes the role of the transcription factor, Mohawk, which controls tendon and ligament cell differentiation, in the maintenance of cell homeostasis, as well as its function in disease and the possibility of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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40
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Alvarez‐Garcia O, Matsuzaki T, Olmer M, Miyata K, Mokuda S, Sakai D, Masuda K, Asahara H, Lotz MK. FOXO are required for intervertebral disk homeostasis during aging and their deficiency promotes disk degeneration. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12800. [PMID: 29963746 PMCID: PMC6156454 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration is a prevalent age-associated musculoskeletal disorder and a major cause of chronic low back pain. Aging is the main risk factor for the disease, but the molecular mechanisms regulating IVD homeostasis during aging are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of FOXO, a family of transcription factors linked to aging and longevity, in IVD aging and age-related degeneration. Conditional deletion of all FOXO isoforms (FOXO1, 3, and 4) in IVD using the Col2a1Cre and AcanCreER mouse resulted in spontaneous development of IVD degeneration that was driven by severe cell loss in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and cartilaginous endplates (EP). Conditional deletion of individual FOXO in mature mice showed that FOXO1 and FOXO3 are the dominant isoforms and have redundant functions in promoting IVD homeostasis. Gene expression analyses indicated impaired autophagy and reduced antioxidant defenses in the NP of FOXO-deficient IVD. In primary human NP cells, FOXO directly regulated autophagy and adaptation to hypoxia and promoted resistance to oxidative and inflammatory stress. Our findings demonstrate that FOXO are critical regulators of IVD homeostasis during aging and suggest that maintaining or restoring FOXO expression can be a therapeutic strategy to promote healthy IVD aging and delay the onset of IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Alvarez‐Garcia
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Tokio Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Kohei Miyata
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Sho Mokuda
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryTokai University School of MedicineIsehara‐shiJapan
| | - Koichi Masuda
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of California‐San Diego, Altman Clinical Translational Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCalifornia
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41
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Mochizuki Y, Chiba T, Kataoka K, Yamashita S, Sato T, Kato T, Takahashi K, Miyamoto T, Kitazawa M, Hatta T, Natsume T, Takai S, Asahara H. Combinatorial CRISPR/Cas9 Approach to Elucidate a Far-Upstream Enhancer Complex for Tissue-Specific Sox9 Expression. Dev Cell 2018; 46:794-806.e6. [PMID: 30146478 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SRY-box 9 (SOX9) is a master transcription factor that regulates cartilage development. SOX9 haploinsufficiency resulting from breakpoints in a ∼1-Mb region upstream of SOX9 was reported in acampomelic campomelic dysplasia (ACD) patients, suggesting that essential enhancer regions of SOX9 for cartilage development are located in this long non-coding sequence. However, the cis-acting enhancer region regulating cartilage-specific SOX9 expression remains to be identified. To identify distant cartilage Sox9 enhancers, we utilized the combination of multiple CRISPR/Cas9 technologies including enrichment of the promoter-enhancer complex followed by next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry (MS), SIN3A-dCas9-mediated epigenetic silencing, and generation of enhancer deletion mice. As a result, we could identify a critical far-upstream cis-element and Stat3 as a trans-acting factor, regulating cartilage-specific Sox9 expression and subsequent skeletal development. Our strategy could facilitate definitive ACD diagnosis and should be useful to reveal the detailed chromatin conformation and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mochizuki
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-0022, Japan
| | - Tomoki Chiba
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-0022, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hatta
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Shinro Takai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-0022, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
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Kataoka K, Matsushima T, Ito Y, Sato T, Yokoyama S, Asahara H. Bhlha9 regulates apical ectodermal ridge formation during limb development. J Bone Miner Metab 2018; 36:64-72. [PMID: 28324176 PMCID: PMC6324935 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) and SHFM combined with long-bone deficiency (SHFLD) are congenital dysgeneses of the limb. Although six different loci/mutations (SHFM1-SHFM6) have been found from studies on families with SHFM, the causes and associated pathogenic mechanisms for a large number of patients remain unidentified. On the basis of the identification of a duplicated gene region involving BHLHA9 in some affected families, BHLHA9 was identified as a novel SHFM/SHFLD-related gene. Although Bhlha9 is predicted to participate in limb development as a transcription factor, its precise function is unclear. Therefore, to study its physiological function, we generated a Bhlha9-knockout mouse and investigated gene expression and the associated phenotype in the limb bud. Bhlha9-knockout mice showed syndactyly and poliosis in the limb. Moreover, some apical ectodermal ridge (AER) formation related genes, including Trp63, exhibited an aberrant expression pattern in the limb bud of Bhlha9-knockout mice; TP63 (Trp63) was regulated by Bhlha9 on the basis of in vitro analysis. These observations suggest that Bhlha9 regulates AER formation during limb/finger development by regulating the expression of some AER-formation-related genes and abnormal expression of Bhlha9 leads to SHFM and SHFLD via dysregulation of AER formation and associated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsushima
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-0074, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-0074, Japan.
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43
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Nakamichi R, Kataoka K, Asahara H. [Cartilage/chondrocyte research and osteoarthritis. Current topics and future of ligament regeneration therapy.]. Clin Calcium 2018; 28:809-816. [PMID: 29848827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ligaments of joint have an essential role of proper mobilization and stabilization between bone and bone. Damage to ligaments caused by ageing, injury, and arthritis induce a disability of musculoskeletal system and has a problem to reduce our quality of life. To aim for the regeneration of ligaments, we have researched from the point of view of the developmet, found out that the transcription factor Mohawk has been important for the development and homeostasis of tendons and ligaments, and analyzed its function. Furthermore, we have also attempted to induce stem cells to tendon and ligament cells to produce type Ⅰ collagen fibers. In this article, we outline the mechanism of the development that has been reported including our approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, USA
| | - Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, USA/Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Abstract
Tendons and ligaments provide connections between muscle and bone or bone and bone to enable locomotion. Damage to tendons and ligaments caused by acute or chronic injury or associated with aging and arthritis is a prevalent cause of disability. Improvements in approaches for the treatment of these conditions depend on a better understanding of tendon and ligament development, cell biology, and pathophysiology. This review focuses on recent advances in the discovery of transcription factors that control ligament and tendon cell differentiation, how cell and extracellular matrix homeostasis are altered in disease, and how this new insight can lead to novel therapeutic approaches. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inui
- Laboratory of Animal Regeneration Systemology, Department of Life Science, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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45
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Okuda K, Kobayashi S, Fukaya M, Watanabe A, Murakami T, Hagiwara M, Sato T, Ueno H, Ogonuki N, Komano-Inoue S, Manabe H, Yamaguchi M, Ogura A, Asahara H, Sakagami H, Mizuguchi M, Manabe T, Tanaka T. CDKL5 controls postsynaptic localization of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors in the hippocampus and regulates seizure susceptibility. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:158-170. [PMID: 28688852 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene cause severe neurodevelopmental disorders accompanied by intractable epilepsies, i.e. West syndrome or atypical Rett syndrome. Here we report generation of the Cdkl5 knockout mouse and show that CDKL5 controls postsynaptic localization of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the hippocampus and regulates seizure susceptibility. Cdkl5 -/Y mice showed normal sensitivity to kainic acid; however, they displayed significant hyperexcitability to NMDA. In concordance with this result, electrophysiological analysis in the hippocampal CA1 region disclosed an increased ratio of NMDA/α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and a significantly larger decay time constant of NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs (NMDA-EPSCs) as well as a stronger inhibition of the NMDA-EPSCs by the GluN2B-selective antagonist ifenprodil in Cdkl5 -/Y mice. Subcellular fractionation of the hippocampus from Cdkl5 -/Y mice revealed a significant increase of GluN2B and SAP102 in the PSD (postsynaptic density)-1T fraction, without changes in the S1 (post-nuclear) fraction or mRNA transcripts, indicating an intracellular distribution shift of these proteins to the PSD. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis of the hippocampal CA1 region further confirmed postsynaptic overaccumulation of GluN2B and SAP102 in Cdkl5 -/Y mice. Furthermore, ifenprodil abrogated the NMDA-induced hyperexcitability in Cdkl5 -/Y mice, suggesting that upregulation of GluN2B accounts for the enhanced seizure susceptibility. These data indicate that CDKL5 plays an important role in controlling postsynaptic localization of the GluN2B-SAP102 complex in the hippocampus and thereby regulates seizure susceptibility, and that aberrant NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission underlies the pathological mechanisms of the CDKL5 loss-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Okuda
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shizuka Kobayashi
- Division of Neuronal Network, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukaya
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Aya Watanabe
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuto Murakami
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mai Hagiwara
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ueno
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Narumi Ogonuki
- Bioresource Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Sayaka Komano-Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Manabe
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- Bioresource Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla 92037, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuguchi
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiya Manabe
- Division of Neuronal Network, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Tanaka
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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46
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Yokoyama S, Furukawa S, Kitada S, Mori M, Saito T, Kawakami K, Belmonte JCI, Kawakami Y, Ito Y, Sato T, Asahara H. Analysis of transcription factors expressed at the anterior mouse limb bud. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175673. [PMID: 28467430 PMCID: PMC5415108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb bud patterning, outgrowth, and differentiation are precisely regulated in a spatio-temporal manner through integrated networks of transcription factors, signaling molecules, and downstream genes. However, the exact mechanisms that orchestrate morphogenesis of the limb remain to be elucidated. Previously, we have established EMBRYS, a whole-mount in situ hybridization database of transcription factors. Based on the findings from EMBRYS, we focused our expression pattern analysis on a selection of transcription factor genes that exhibit spatially localized and temporally dynamic expression patterns with respect to the anterior-posterior axis in the E9.5–E11.5 limb bud. Among these genes, Irx3 showed a posteriorly expanded expression domain in Shh-/- limb buds and an anteriorly reduced expression domain in Gli3-/- limb buds, suggesting their importance in anterior-posterior patterning. To assess the stepwise EMBRYS-based screening system for anterior regulators, we generated Irx3 transgenic mice in which Irx3 was expressed in the entire limb mesenchyme under the Prrx1 regulatory element. The Irx3 gain-of-function model displayed complex phenotypes in the autopods, including digit loss, radial flexion, and fusion of the metacarpal bones, suggesting that Irx3 may contribute to the regulation of limb patterning, especially in the autopods. Our results demonstrate that gene expression analysis based on EMBRYS could contribute to the identification of genes that play a role in patterning of the limb mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichi Furukawa
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoya Kitada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, and Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yasuhiko Kawakami
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, National Institute of Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Oba A, Shimada S, Akiyama Y, Nishikawaji T, Mogushi K, Ito H, Matsumura S, Aihara A, Mitsunori Y, Ban D, Ochiai T, Kudo A, Asahara H, Kaida A, Miura M, Tanabe M, Tanaka S. ARID2 modulates DNA damage response in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Hepatol 2017; 66:942-951. [PMID: 28238438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent genomic studies have identified frequent mutations of AT-rich interactive domain 2 (ARID2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it is not still understood how ARID2 exhibits tumor suppressor activities. METHODS We established the ARID2 knockout human HCC cell lines by using CRISPR/Cas9 system, and investigated the gene expression profiles and biological functions. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis indicated that UV-response genes were negatively regulated in the ARID2 knockout cells, and they were sensitized to UV irradiation. ARID2 depletion attenuated nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA damage sites introduced by exposure to UV as well as chemical compounds known as carcinogens for HCC, benzo[a]pyrene and FeCl3, since xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G (XPG) could not accumulate without ARID2. By using large-scale public data sets, we validated that ARID2 knockout could lead to similar molecular changes between in vitro and in vivo settings. A higher number of somatic mutations in the ARID2-mutated subtypes than that in the ARID2 wild-type across various types of cancers including HCC was observed. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that ARID2 knockout could contribute to disruption of NER process through inhibiting the recruitment of XPG, resulting in susceptibility to carcinogens and potential hypermutation. These findings have implications for therapeutic targets in cancers harboring ARID2 mutations. LAY SUMMARY Recent genomic studies have identified frequent mutations of ARID2, a component of the SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex, in hepatocellular carcinoma, but it is not still understood how ARID2 exhibits tumor suppressor activities. In current study, we provided evidence that ARID2 knockout could contribute to disruption of DNA repair process, resulting in susceptibility to carcinogens and potential hypermutation. These findings have far-reaching implications for therapeutic targets in cancers harboring ARID2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Oba
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Nishikawaji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Ito
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsumura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arihiro Aihara
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mitsunori
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Ochiai
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaida
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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48
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Matsui-Hasumi A, Sato Y, Uto-Konomi A, Yamashita S, Uehori J, Yoshimura A, Yamashita M, Asahara H, Suzuki S, Kubo M. E3 ubiquitin ligases SIAH1/2 regulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-mediated Th17 cell differentiation. Int Immunol 2017; 29:133-143. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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49
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Otero M, Peng H, El Hachem K, Culley KL, Wondimu EB, Quinn J, Asahara H, Tsuchimochi K, Hashimoto K, Goldring MB. ELF3 modulates type II collagen gene (COL2A1) transcription in chondrocytes by inhibiting SOX9-CBP/p300-driven histone acetyltransferase activity. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:15-26. [PMID: 27310669 PMCID: PMC5326708 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1200566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM We showed previously that E74-like factor 3 (ELF3) protein levels are increased in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage, that ELF3 accounts for inflammatory cytokine-driven MMP13 gene expression, and that, upon induction by interleukin-1β, ELF3 binds to the COL2A1 promoter and suppresses its activity in chondrocytes. Here, we aimed to further investigate the mechanism/s by which ELF3 represses COL2A1 transcription in chondrocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS We report that ELF3 inhibits Sox9-driven COL2A1 promoter activity by interfering with the activator functions of CBP/300 and Sox9. Co-transfection of the pGL2B-COL2A1 (-577/+3428 bp) reporter construct with Sox9 and with Sox5 and/or Sox6 increased COL2A1 promoter activity, and ELF3 overexpression significantly reduced the promoter transactivation. Co-transfection of ELF3 with the pLuc 4x48 enhancer construct, containing the 89-bp COL2A1 promoter and lacking the previously defined ELF3 binding sites, decreased both basal and Sox9-driven promoter activity. Co-transfection of ELF3 with a Gal4 reporter construct also inhibited Gal4-Sox9-driven transactivation, suggesting that ELF3 directly interacts with Sox9. Using truncated Sox9 fragments, we found that ELF3 interacts directly with the HMG domain of Sox9. Importantly, overexpression of ELF3 significantly decreased Sox9/CBP-dependent HAT activity. Finally, we show evidence that increased ELF3 mRNA expression in OA chondrocytes correlates with hypermethylation of the proximal promoter, suggesting that ELF3 transcription is subjected to epigenetic control in OA disease. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the contribution of ELF3 to transcriptional regulation of COL2A1 and its potential role in OA disease, and uncover epigenetic mechanisms at play in the regulation of ELF3 and its downstream targets in articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Otero
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haibing Peng
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, New England Baptist Bone and Joint Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karim El Hachem
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kirsty L. Culley
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisabeth B. Wondimu
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA,Weill Cornell Graduate Program of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin Quinn
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaneyuki Tsuchimochi
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ko Hashimoto
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA,Department of Orthopaedics, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mary B. Goldring
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA,Weill Cornell Graduate Program of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Mary B. Goldring, Ph.D., Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS Research Institute, Room 601, 515 East 71st Street, New York, NY 10021, USA; Tel. 212-774-7564; Fax. 617-249-2373;
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50
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Koda N, Sato T, Shinohara M, Ichinose S, Ito Y, Nakamichi R, Kayama T, Kataoka K, Suzuki H, Moriyama K, Asahara H. The transcription factor mohawk homeobox regulates homeostasis of the periodontal ligament. Development 2016; 144:313-320. [PMID: 27993989 DOI: 10.1242/dev.135798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL), which connects the teeth to the alveolar bone, is essential for periodontal tissue homeostasis. Although the significance of the PDL is recognized, molecular mechanisms underlying PDL function are not well known. We report that mohawk homeobox (Mkx), a tendon-specific transcription factor, regulates PDL homeostasis by preventing its degeneration. Mkx is expressed in the mouse PDL at the age of 10 weeks and expression remained at similar levels at 12 months. In Mkx-/- mice, age-dependent expansion of the PDL at the maxillary first molar (M1) furcation area was observed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Mkx-/- mice presented collagen fibril degeneration in PDL with age, while the collagen fibril diameter gradually increased in Mkx+/+ mice. PDL cells lost their shape in Mkx-/- mice, suggesting changes in PDL properties. Microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses of Mkx-/- PDL revealed an increase in osteogenic gene expression and no change in PDL- and inflammatory-related gene expression. Additionally, COL1A1 and COL1A2 were upregulated in Mkx-overexpressing human PDL fibroblasts, whereas osteogenic genes were downregulated. Our results indicate that Mkx prevents PDL degeneration by regulating osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Koda
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tempei Sato
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shinohara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kayama
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kataoka
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Suzuki
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan .,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MEM-161, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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