51
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Kapitanova KS, Naumenko VA, Garanina AS, Melnikov PA, Abakumov MA, Alieva IB. Advances and Challenges of Nanoparticle-Based Macrophage Reprogramming for Cancer Immunotherapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:729-745. [PMID: 31509725 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919070058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the progress of modern medicine, oncological diseases are still among the most common causes of death of adult populations in developed countries. The current therapeutic approaches are imperfect, and the high mortality of oncological patients under treatment, the lack of personalized strategies, and severe side effects arising as a result of treatment force seeking new approaches to therapy of malignant tumors. During the last decade, cancer immunotherapy, an approach that relies on activation of the host antitumor immune response, has been actively developing. Cancer immunotherapy is the most promising trend in contemporary fundamental and practical oncology, and restoration of the pathologically altered tumor microenvironment is one of its key tasks, in particular, the reprogramming of tumor macrophages from the immunosuppressive M2-phenotype into the proinflammatory M1-phenotype is pivotal for eliciting antitumor response. This review describes the current knowledge about macrophage classification, mechanisms of their polarization, their role in formation of the tumor microenvironment, and strategies for changing the functional activity of M2-macrophages, as well as problems of targeted delivery of immunostimulatory signals to tumor macrophages using nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kapitanova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V A Naumenko
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia.
| | - A S Garanina
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia
| | - P A Melnikov
- Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 119034, Russia
| | - M A Abakumov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", Moscow, 119049, Russia.,Russian National Research Medical University, Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - I B Alieva
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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52
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Colombani T, Haudebourg T, Decossas M, Lambert O, Ada Da Silva G, Altare F, Pitard B. Lipidic Aminoglycoside Derivatives: A New Class of Immunomodulators Inducing a Potent Innate Immune Stimulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900288. [PMID: 31453059 PMCID: PMC6702646 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of simple and fully characterized immunomodulatory molecules is an active area of research to enhance current immunotherapies. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a nontoxic lipidic derivative from bacteria, is the first and currently only adjuvant approved in humans. However, its capacity to induce a potent response against weak immunogenic tumoral-associated antigens remains limited. Herein, a new generation of lipidic immunomodulators to conduct a structure-activity relationship study to determine the minimal structural elements conferring immunomodulatory properties is introduced. Two lead molecules characterized by a short succinyl linker between two oleyl chains and a polar headgroup consisting of either naturally occurring tobramycin (DOST) or kanamycin (DOSK) are identified. These two lipoaminoglycosides self-assemble in very small vesicles. In a wide variety of cells including 3D human cell culture, DOST and DOSK induce the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and interferon-inducible proteins in a dose and time-dependent manner via a caveolae-dependent proinflammatory mechanism and phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activation. Furthermore, after intratumoral administration, these lipoaminoglycosides induce an efficient immune response leading to significant antitumor activity in a mouse breast cancer model. Altogether, these findings indicate that DOST and DOSK are two groundbreaking synthetic lipid immunostimulators that can be used as adjuvants to enhance current immunotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Colombani
- CRCINA, INSERMUniversité d'Angers, Université de NantesBoulevard Bénoni GoullinNantes44200France
| | - Thomas Haudebourg
- CRCINA, INSERMUniversité d'Angers, Université de NantesBoulevard Bénoni GoullinNantes44200France
| | - Marion Decossas
- CBMN UMR‐CNRS 5248Université de BordeauxAllée Geoffroy Saint HilairePessac33600France
| | - Olivier Lambert
- CBMN UMR‐CNRS 5248Université de BordeauxAllée Geoffroy Saint HilairePessac33600France
| | - Grace Ada Da Silva
- CRCINA, INSERMUniversité d'Angers, Université de NantesBoulevard Bénoni GoullinNantes44200France
| | - Frederic Altare
- CRCINA, INSERMUniversité d'Angers, Université de NantesBoulevard Bénoni GoullinNantes44200France
| | - Bruno Pitard
- CRCINA, INSERMUniversité d'Angers, Université de NantesBoulevard Bénoni GoullinNantes44200France
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53
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Heil M. Commentary on Grandellis et al. 2019: suggesting endogenous DNA as further player in the plant immune response to DOTAP. PLANTA 2019; 250:391-393. [PMID: 31016377 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Heil
- Departmento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) Unidad Irapuato, 36824, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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54
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Schulze F, Keperscha B, Appelhans D, Rösen-Wolff A. Immunomodulatory Effects of Dendritic Poly(ethyleneimine) Glycoarchitectures on Human Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, and in Vitro Differentiated Macrophages for an Ideal Drug Delivery System in the Local Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2713-2725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schulze
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bettina Keperscha
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Rösen-Wolff
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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55
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Antibody responses to crucial functional epitopes as a novel approach to assess immunogenicity of vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 2019; 37:3770-3778. [PMID: 31153687 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We are interested in developing a vaccine that prevents genital herpes. Adjuvants have a major impact on vaccine immunogenicity. We compared two adjuvants, an experimental Merck Sharp & Dohme lipid nanoparticle (LNP) adjuvant, LNP-2, with CpG oligonucleotide combined with alum for immunogenicity in mice when administered with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoproteins C, D and E (gC2, gD2, gE2). The immunogens are intended to produce neutralizing antibodies to gC2 and gD2, antibodies to gD2 and gE2 that block cell-to-cell spread, and antibodies to gE2 and gC2 that block immune evasion from antibody and complement, respectively. Overall, CpG/alum was better at producing serum and vaginal IgG binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, antibodies that block virus spread from cell-to-cell, and antibodies that block immune evasion domains on gC2. We used a novel high throughput biosensor assay to further assess differences in immunogenicity by mapping antibody responses to seven crucial epitopes on gD2 involved in virus entry or cell-to-cell spread. We found striking differences between CpG/alum and LNP-2. Mice immunized with gD2 CpG/alum produced higher titers of antibodies than LNP-2 to six of seven crucial epitopes and produced antibodies to more crucial epitopes than LNP-2. Measuring epitope-specific antibodies helped to define mechanisms by which CpG/alum outperformed LNP-2 and is a valuable technique to compare adjuvants.
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56
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Li T, Zehner M, He J, Próchnicki T, Horvath G, Latz E, Burgdorf S, Takeoka S. NLRP3 inflammasome-activating arginine-based liposomes promote antigen presentations in dendritic cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:3503-3516. [PMID: 31190807 PMCID: PMC6526778 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s202379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been proposed as a common mechanism for some adjuvants to boost the immune system, and cationic liposomes were reported to potentially activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Herein, we questioned whether the NLRP3 inflammasome-activating cationic liposomes could promote antigen presentation and be applied as an immune adjuvant. In addition, we aimed to investigate the structure effect of lipid on triggering these immune responses. Materials and methods: A series of structurally similar lipids, consisting of arginine (Arg) head group and varied lengths of alkyl chains or spacers in between were used to prepare cationic liposomes. Lipopolysaccharide-primed human or murine macrophages or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-primed THP-1 cells were treated with these liposomes, and interleukin (IL)-1β secretion was measured to quantify the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Lysosome rupture was examined in THP-1 cells by the fluorescence loss of acridine orange, a lysosome dye. Further, chicken ovalbumin (OVA) was loaded on the liposome surface and applied to murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), which activate OT-I and OT-II lymphocytes upon major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and class II-mediated antigen presentation, respectively. OT-I and OT-II cell division and IL-2 secretion were measured to evaluate the antigen presentation efficiency. The expressions of MHC molecules and co-stimulatory molecules ie, CD80, CD86, and CD40 on BMDCs were investigated by flow cytometry. Results: All the liposomes showed size distributions of 80–200 nm and zeta potentials of around 50 mV. A3C14 liposomes, consisting of Arg-C3-Glu2C14 lipids induced the most potent lysosome rupture and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. OVA-A3C14 also exhibited the most potent MHC class I- and class II-mediated antigen presentation in BMDCs without interfering MHC and co-stimulatory molecules. Conclusion: The hydrophobic moieties of arginine-based liposomes are crucial in stimulating innate immune cells. A3C14 liposomes were non-immunogenic but strongly activated innate immune cells and promoted antigen presentation, and therefore can be applied as immune adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Li
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthias Zehner
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jieyan He
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomasz Próchnicki
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biomedical Center, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabor Horvath
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biomedical Center, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biomedical Center, University Hospitals, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Burgdorf
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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57
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Gandhapudi SK, Ward M, Bush JPC, Bedu-Addo F, Conn G, Woodward JG. Antigen Priming with Enantiospecific Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles Induces Potent Antitumor CTL Responses through Novel Induction of a Type I IFN Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:3524-3536. [PMID: 31053626 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Certain types of cationic lipids have shown promise in cancer immunotherapy, but their mechanism of action is poorly understood. In this study, we describe the properties of an immunotherapeutic consisting of the pure cationic lipid enantiomer R-1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethyl-ammonium-propane (R-DOTAP) formulated with modified viral or self-peptide Ags. R-DOTAP formulations with peptide Ags stimulate strong cross-presentation and potent CD8 T cell responses associated with a high frequency of polyfunctional CD8 T cells. In a human papillomavirus tumor model system, a single s.c. injection of tumor-bearing mice with R-DOTAP plus human papillomavirus Ags induces complete regression of large tumors associated with an influx of Ag-specific CD8 T cells and a reduction of the ratio of regulatory/Ag-specific CD8 T cells. R-DOTAP also synergizes with an anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor, resulting in a significant inhibition of B16 melanoma tumor growth. We found that R-DOTAP stimulates type I IFN production by dendritic cells in vivo and in vitro. s.c. injection of R-DOTAP results in an IFN-dependent increase in draining lymph node size and a concomitant increase in CD69 expression. Using knockout mice, we show that type I IFN is required for the induction of CD8 T cell activity following administration of R-DOTAP plus Ag. This response requires Myd88 but not TRIF or STING. We also show that R-DOTAP stimulates both TLR7 and 9. Collectively, these studies reveal that R-DOTAP stimulates endosomal TLRs, resulting in a Myd88-dependent production of type I IFN. When administered with Ag, this results in potent Ag-specific CD8 T cell responses and antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva K Gandhapudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536; and
| | - Martin Ward
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536; and
| | - John Peyton C Bush
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536; and
| | | | - Greg Conn
- PDS Biotechnology Corporation, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Jerold G Woodward
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536; and
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58
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Vita AA, Royse EA, Pullen NA. Nanoparticles and danger signals: Oral delivery vehicles as potential disruptors of intestinal barrier homeostasis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:95-103. [PMID: 30924969 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir1118-414rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut immune system homeostasis involves diverse structural interactions among resident microbiota, the protective mucus layer, and a variety of cells (intestinal epithelial, lymphoid, and myeloid). Due to the substantial surface area in direct contact with an "external" environment and the diversity of xenobiotic, abiotic, and self-interactions coordinating to maintain gut homeostasis, there is enhanced potential for the generation of endogenous danger signals when this balance is lost. Here, we focus on the potential generation and reception of damage in the gut resulting from exposure to nanoparticles (NPs), common food and drug additives. Specifically, we describe recent evidence in the literature showing that certain NPs are potential generators of damage-associated molecular patterns, as well as potential immune-stimulating molecular patterns themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A Vita
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily A Royse
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicholas A Pullen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, USA
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59
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Yazdimamaghani M, Moos PJ, Dobrovolskaia MA, Ghandehari H. Genotoxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles: Status and prospects. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2019; 16:106-125. [PMID: 30529789 PMCID: PMC6455809 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous silica nanoparticles (SNPs) are widely used in biomedical applications and consumer products. Little is known, however, about their genotoxicity and potential to induce gene expression regulation. Despite recent efforts to study the underlying mechanisms of genotoxicity of SNPs, inconsistent results create a challenge. A variety of factors determine particle-cell interactions and underlying mechanisms. Further, high-throughput studies are required to carefully assess the impact of silica nanoparticle physicochemical properties on induction of genotoxic response in different cell lines and animal models. In this article, we review the strategies available for evaluation of genotoxicity of nanoparticles (NPs), survey current status of silica nanoparticle gene alteration and genotoxicity, discuss particle-mediated inflammation as a contributing factor to genotoxicity, identify existing gaps and suggest future directions for this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Yazdimamaghani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Philip J Moos
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Marina A Dobrovolskaia
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
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60
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Pizzuto M, Bigey P, Lachagès AM, Hoffmann C, Ruysschaert JM, Escriou V, Lonez C. Cationic lipids as one-component vaccine adjuvants: A promising alternative to alum. J Control Release 2018; 287:67-77. [PMID: 30110615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Effective vaccine formulations consist of several components: an antigen carrier, the antigen, a stimulator of cellular immunity such as a Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) ligand, and a stimulator of humoral response such as an inflammasome activator. Here, we investigated the immunostimulatory and adjuvant properties of lipopolyamines, cationic lipids used as gene carriers. We identified new lipopolyamines able to activate both TLR2 and TLR4 and showed that lipopolyamines interact with TLRs via a mechanism different from the one used by bacterial ligands, activating a strong type-I IFN response, pro-inflammatory cytokines and IL-1β secretion. The TLR and inflammasome stimulations, together with the antigen carrier properties of lipopolyamines, resulted in both humoral and cellular immunity in mice vaccinated against OVA and make lipopolyamines promising one-component vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Pizzuto
- Structure and Fonction of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pascal Bigey
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lachagès
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Céline Hoffmann
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Ruysschaert
- Structure and Fonction of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Escriou
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Lonez
- Structure and Fonction of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
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61
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Corthésy B, Bioley G. Lipid-Based Particles: Versatile Delivery Systems for Mucosal Vaccination against Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:431. [PMID: 29563912 PMCID: PMC5845866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the process of administering immunogenic formulations in order to induce or harness antigen (Ag)-specific antibody and T cell responses in order to protect against infections. Important successes have been obtained in protecting individuals against many deleterious pathological situations after parenteral vaccination. However, one of the major limitations of the current vaccination strategies is the administration route that may not be optimal for the induction of immunity at the site of pathogen entry, i.e., mucosal surfaces. It is now well documented that immune responses along the genital, respiratory, or gastrointestinal tracts have to be elicited locally to ensure efficient trafficking of effector and memory B and T cells to mucosal tissues. Moreover, needle-free mucosal delivery of vaccines is advantageous in terms of safety, compliance, and ease of administration. However, the quest for mucosal vaccines is challenging due to (1) the fact that Ag sampling has to be performed across the epithelium through a relatively limited number of portals of entry; (2) the deleterious acidic and proteolytic environment of the mucosae that affect the stability, integrity, and retention time of the applied Ags; and (3) the tolerogenic environment of mucosae, which requires the addition of adjuvants to elicit efficient effector immune responses. Until now, only few mucosally applicable vaccine formulations have been developed and successfully tested. In animal models and clinical trials, the use of lipidic structures such as liposomes, virosomes, immune stimulating complexes, gas-filled microbubbles and emulsions has proven efficient for the mucosal delivery of associated Ags and the induction of local and systemic immune reponses. Such particles are suitable for mucosal delivery because they protect the associated payload from degradation and deliver concentrated amounts of Ags via specialized sampling cells (microfold cells) within the mucosal epithelium to underlying antigen-presenting cells. The review aims at summarizing recent development in the field of mucosal vaccination using lipid-based particles. The modularity ensured by tailoring the lipidic design and content of particles, and their known safety as already established in humans, make the continuing appraisal of these vaccine candidates a promising development in the field of targeted mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise Corthésy
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Bioley
- R&D Laboratory, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre des Laboratoires d'Epalinges, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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62
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Li T, He J, Horvath G, Próchnicki T, Latz E, Takeoka S. Lysine-containing cationic liposomes activate the NLRP3 inflammasome: Effect of a spacer between the head group and the hydrophobic moieties of the lipids. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:279-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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63
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Grinstein L, Endter K, Hedrich CM, Reinke S, Luksch H, Schulze F, Robertson AAB, Cooper MA, Rösen-Wolff A, Winkler S. An optimized whole blood assay measuring expression and activity of NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes. Clin Immunol 2017; 191:100-109. [PMID: 29183866 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory protease caspase-1 plays pivotal roles in central pathways of innate immunity, thereby contributing to pathogen clearance. Beside its physiological role, dysregulated activity of caspase-1 is known to contribute to an increasing number of diseases. In this study, we optimized and validated a low-volume human whole blood assay facilitating the measurement of caspase-1 activation and inflammasome-related gene expression upon stimulation of the NLRP3, NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome. Using the NLRP3 inflammasome specific inhibitor MCC950, we were able to measure the activity of canonical or alternative NLRP3 pathways, AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes in whole blood. Based on our data we assume a superposition of NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome activities in human whole blood following stimulation with S. typhimurium. The optimized whole blood assay may be suitable for diagnostic and research purposes for pediatric patients who can only donate small amounts of blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Grinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Endter
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sören Reinke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Hella Luksch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Schulze
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Angela Rösen-Wolff
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Winkler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
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Silva AL, Peres C, Conniot J, Matos AI, Moura L, Carreira B, Sainz V, Scomparin A, Satchi-Fainaro R, Préat V, Florindo HF. Nanoparticle impact on innate immune cell pattern-recognition receptors and inflammasomes activation. Semin Immunol 2017; 34:3-24. [PMID: 28941640 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based strategies can dramatically impact the treatment, prevention and diagnosis of a wide range of diseases. Despite the unprecedented success achieved with the use of nanomaterials to address unmet biomedical needs and their particular suitability for the effective application of a personalized medicine, the clinical translation of those nanoparticulate systems has still been impaired by the limited understanding on their interaction with complex biological systems. As a result, unexpected effects due to unpredicted interactions at biomaterial and biological interfaces have been underlying the biosafety concerns raised by the use of nanomaterials. This review explores the current knowledge on how nanoparticle (NP) physicochemical and surface properties determine their interactions with innate immune cells, with particular attention on the activation of pattern-recognition receptors and inflammasome. A critical perspective will additionally address the impact of biological systems on the effect of NP on immune cell activity at the molecular level. We will discuss how the understanding of the NP-innate immune cell interactions can significantly add into the clinical translation by guiding the design of nanomedicines with particular effect on targeted cells, thus improving their clinical efficacy while minimizing undesired but predictable toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carina Peres
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - João Conniot
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana I Matos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Liane Moura
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Carreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Sainz
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna Scomparin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel and dSagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel and dSagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Véronique Préat
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Granot Y, Peer D. Delivering the right message: Challenges and opportunities in lipid nanoparticles-mediated modified mRNA therapeutics-An innate immune system standpoint. Semin Immunol 2017; 34:68-77. [PMID: 28890238 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
mRNA molecules hold tremendous potential as a tool for gene therapy of a wide range of diseases. However, the main hurdle in implementation of mRNA for therapeutics, the systemic delivery of mRNA molecules to target cells, remains a challenge. A feasible solution for this challenge relies in the rapidly evolving field of nucleic acid-loaded nanocarriers and specifically in the established family of lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs). Herein, we will discuss the main factors, which determine the fate of modified mRNA (mmRNA)-loaded LNPs in-vivo, and will focus on their interactions with the innate immune system as a main consideration in the design of lipid-based mmRNA delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Granot
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Dept. of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Dept. of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Dept. of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Dept. of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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66
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Nanoparticles for immune system targeting. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1295-1301. [PMID: 28390214 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are found in numerous applications used to modulate the immune system. They serve as drug delivery carriers or vaccine adjuvants and are utilized as therapeutics against a variety of diseases. NPs can be engineered to target distinct cellular components representing multiple pathways of immunity. The combination of NPs with immune system-targeting moieties has paved the way for improved targeted immune therapies. Here we provide an update of recent progress in this field.
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Pizzuto M, Gangloff M, Scherman D, Gay NJ, Escriou V, Ruysschaert JM, Lonez C. Toll-like receptor 2 promiscuity is responsible for the immunostimulatory activity of nucleic acid nanocarriers. J Control Release 2016; 247:182-193. [PMID: 28040465 PMCID: PMC5312493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolyamines (LPAs) are cationic lipids; they interact spontaneously with nucleic acids to form lipoplexes used for gene delivery. The main hurdle to using lipoplexes in gene therapy lies in their immunostimulatory properties, so far attributed to the nucleic acid cargo, while cationic lipids were considered as inert to the immune system. Here we demonstrate for the first time that di-C18 LPAs trigger pro-inflammatory responses through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation, and this whether they are bound to nucleic acids or not. Molecular docking experiments suggest potential TLR2 binding modes reminiscent of bacterial lipopeptide sensing. The di-C18 LPAs share the ability of burying their lipid chains in the hydrophobic cavity of TLR2 and, in some cases, TLR1, at the vicinity of the dimerization interface; the cationic headgroups form multiple hydrogen bonds, thus crosslinking TLRs into functional complexes. Unravelling the molecular basis of TLR1 and TLR6-driven heterodimerization upon LPA binding underlines the highly collaborative and promiscuous ligand binding mechanism. The prevalence of non-specific main chain-mediated interactions demonstrates that potentially any saturated LPA currently used or proposed as transfection agent is likely to activate TLR2 during transfection. Hence our study emphasizes the urgent need to test the inflammatory properties of transfection agents and proposes the use of docking analysis as a preliminary screening tool for the synthesis of new non-immunostimulatory nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Pizzuto
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Monique Gangloff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Daniel Scherman
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicholas J Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Virginie Escriou
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Ruysschaert
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Lonez
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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68
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Swaminathan G, Thoryk EA, Cox KS, Smith JS, Wolf JJ, Gindy ME, Casimiro DR, Bett AJ. A Tetravalent Sub-unit Dengue Vaccine Formulated with Ionizable Cationic Lipid Nanoparticle induces Significant Immune Responses in Rodents and Non-Human Primates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34215. [PMID: 27703172 PMCID: PMC5050434 DOI: 10.1038/srep34215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus has emerged as an important arboviral infection worldwide. As a complex pathogen, with four distinct serotypes, the development of a successful Dengue virus vaccine has proven to be challenging. Here, we describe a novel Dengue vaccine candidate that contains truncated, recombinant, Dengue virus envelope protein from all four Dengue virus serotypes (DEN-80E) formulated with ionizable cationic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Immunization studies in mice, Guinea pigs, and in Rhesus macaques, revealed that LNPs induced high titers of Dengue virus neutralizing antibodies, with or without co-administration or encapsulation of a Toll-Like Receptor 9 agonist. Importantly, LNPs were also able to boost DEN-80E specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Cytokine and chemokine profiling revealed that LNPs induced strong chemokine responses without significant induction of inflammatory cytokines. In addition to being highly efficacious, the vaccine formulation proved to be well-tolerated, demonstrating no elevation in any of the safety parameters evaluated. Notably, reduction in cationic lipid content of the nanoparticle dramatically reduced the LNP's ability to boost DEN-80E specific immune responses, highlighting the crucial role for the charge of the LNP. Overall, our novel studies, across multiple species, reveal a promising tetravalent Dengue virus sub-unit vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Swaminathan
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck &Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Thoryk
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck &Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Kara S Cox
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck &Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Smith
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck &Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Jayanthi J Wolf
- Safety Assessment &Regulatory Affairs, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck &Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Marian E Gindy
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck &Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Danilo R Casimiro
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck &Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew J Bett
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck &Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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69
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Overview on experimental models of interactions between nanoparticles and the immune system. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1365-1378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Preclinical safety of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: Current evidence from in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 108:235-252. [PMID: 27519829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were designed as exceptionally safe colloidal carriers for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs. SLN/NLC have the particularity of being composed of excipientsalready approved for use in medicines for human use, which offers a great advantage over any other nanoparticulate system developed from novel materials. Despite this fact, any use of excipients in new route of administration or in new dosage form requires evidence of safety. After 25 years of research on SLN and NLC, enough evidence on their preclinical safety has been published. In the present work, published data on in vitro and in vivo compatibility of SLN/NLC have been surveyed, in order to provide evidence of high biocompatibility distinguished by intended administration route. We also identified critical factors and possible weak points in SLN/NLC formulations, such as the effect of surfactants on the cell viability in vitro, which should be considered for further development.
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71
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Farris E, Brown DM, Ramer-Tait AE, Pannier AK. Micro- and nanoparticulates for DNA vaccine delivery. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:919-29. [PMID: 27048557 PMCID: PMC4950349 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216643771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional protein-based vaccines for the induction of protective immune responses. DNA vaccines offer several advantages over traditional vaccines, including increased stability, rapid and inexpensive production, and flexibility to produce vaccines for a wide variety of infectious diseases. However, the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines delivered as naked plasmid DNA is often weak due to degradation of the DNA by nucleases and inefficient delivery to immune cells. Therefore, biomaterial-based delivery systems based on micro- and nanoparticles that encapsulate plasmid DNA represent the most promising strategy for DNA vaccine delivery. Microparticulate delivery systems allow for passive targeting to antigen presenting cells through size exclusion and can allow for sustained presentation of DNA to cells through degradation and release of encapsulated vaccines. In contrast, nanoparticle encapsulation leads to increased internalization, overall greater transfection efficiency, and the ability to increase uptake across mucosal surfaces. Moreover, selection of the appropriate biomaterial can lead to increased immune stimulation and activation through triggering innate immune response receptors and target DNA to professional antigen presenting cells. Finally, the selection of materials with the appropriate properties to achieve efficient delivery through administration routes conducive to high patient compliance and capable of generating systemic and local (i.e. mucosal) immunity can lead to more effective humoral and cellular protective immune responses. In this review, we discuss the development of novel biomaterial-based delivery systems to enhance the delivery of DNA vaccines through various routes of administration and their implications for generating immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Farris
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Deborah M Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Amanda E Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Swaminathan G, Thoryk EA, Cox KS, Meschino S, Dubey SA, Vora KA, Celano R, Gindy M, Casimiro DR, Bett AJ. A novel lipid nanoparticle adjuvant significantly enhances B cell and T cell responses to sub-unit vaccine antigens. Vaccine 2015; 34:110-9. [PMID: 26555351 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sub-unit vaccines are primarily designed to include antigens required to elicit protective immune responses and to be safer than whole-inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines. But their purity and inability to self-adjuvant often result in weaker immunogenicity. Emerging evidence suggests that bio-engineered nanoparticles can be used as immunomodulatory adjuvants. Therefore, in this study we explored the potential of novel Merck-proprietary lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations to enhance immune responses to sub-unit viral antigens. Immunization of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice revealed that LNPs alone or in combination with a synthetic TLR9 agonist, immune-modulatory oligonucleotides, IMO-2125 (IMO), significantly enhanced immune responses to hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and ovalbumin (OVA). LNPs enhanced total B-cell responses to both antigens tested, to levels comparable to known vaccine adjuvants including aluminum based adjuvant, IMO alone and a TLR4 agonist, 3-O-deactytaled monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). Investigation of the quality of B-cell responses demonstrated that the combination of LNP with IMO agonist elicited a stronger Th1-type response (based on the IgG2a:IgG1 ratio) than levels achieved with IMO alone. Furthermore, the LNP adjuvant significantly enhanced antigen specific cell-mediated immune responses. In ELISPOT assays, depletion of specific subsets of T cells revealed that the LNPs elicited potent antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+)T cell responses. Intracellular FACS analyses revealed that LNP and LNP+IMO formulated antigens led to higher frequency of antigen-specific IFNγ(+)TNFα(+)IL-2(+), multi-functional CD8(+)T cell responses, than unadjuvanted vaccine or vaccine with IMO only. Overall, our results demonstrate that lipid nanoparticles can serve as future sub-unit vaccine adjuvants to boost both B-cell and T-cell responses in vivo, and that addition of IMO can be used to manipulate the quality of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Swaminathan
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Thoryk
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Kara S Cox
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Steven Meschino
- Medical Affairs, Merck Global Human Health, Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., North Wales, PA, United States
| | - Sheri A Dubey
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Kalpit A Vora
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Robert Celano
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Marian Gindy
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Danilo R Casimiro
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA, United States
| | - Andrew J Bett
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., West Point, PA, United States.
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Sunasee R, Araoye E, Pyram D, Hemraz UD, Boluk Y, Ckless K. Cellulose nanocrystal cationic derivative induces NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion associated with mitochondrial ROS production. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 4:1-9. [PMID: 30338301 PMCID: PMC6189697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystalline cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have emerged as novel materials for a wide variety of important applications such as nanofillers, nanocomposites, surface coatings, regenerative medicine and potential drug delivery. CNCs have a needle-like structure with sizes in the range of 100–200 nm long and 5–20 nm wide and a mean aspect ratio 10–100. Despite the great potential applicability of CNCs, very little is known about their potential immunogenicity. Needle-like materials have been known to evoke an immune response in particular to activate the (NOD-like receptor, pyrin domain-containing 3)-inflammasome/IL-1β (Interleukin 1β) pathway. In this study we evaluated the capacity of unmodified CNC and its cationic derivatives CNC-AEM (aminoethylmethacrylate)1, CNC-AEM2, CNC-AEMA(aminoethylmethacrylamide)1 and CNC-AEMA2 to stimulate NLRP3-inflammasome/IL-1β pathway and enhance the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mouse macrophage cell line (J774A.1) was stimulated for 24 h with 50 µg/mL with unmodified CNC and its cationic derivatives. Alternatively, J774A1 or PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) were stimulated with CNC-AEMA2 in presence or absence of LPS (lipopolysaccharide). IL-1β secretion was analyzed by ELISA, mitochondrial function by JC-1 staining and ATP content. Intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by DCF-DA (2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) and MitoSOX, respectively. Mitochondrial ROS and extracellular ATP were significantly increased in cells treated with CNC-AEMA2, which correlates with the strongest effects on IL-1β secretion in non-primed cells. CNC-AEMA2 also induced IL-1βsecretion in LPS-primed and non-primed PBMCs. Our data suggest that the increases in mitochondrial ROS and ATP release induced by CNC-AEMA2 may be associated with its capability to evoke immune response. We demonstrate the first evidence that newly synthesized cationic cellulose nanocrystal derivative, CNC-AEMA2, has immunogenic properties, which may lead to the development of a potential non-toxic and safe nanomaterial to be used as a novel adjuvant for vaccines. Immunogenicity of CNC derivatives was studied on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Only CNC-AEMA2 induced IL-1β secretion in non-primed and primed macrophages. IL-1β secretion caused by CNC-AEMA2 involves mitochondrial ROS and ATP release.
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Key Words
- AEM, aminoethylmethacrylate
- AEMA, aminoethylmethacrylamide
- ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD
- CNCs, cellulose nanocrystals
- Cationic needle-like nanomaterial
- Cellulose nanocrystals
- DAMPS, danger-associated molecular pattern molecules
- DSL, Dynamic light scattering
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immuno assay
- H2DCF-DA, 2′, 7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase-conjugated
- HTCFNWs, high-temperature calcined fullerene nanowhiskers
- IL-1β
- IL-1β, Interleukin 1β
- JC-1, 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazol-carbocyanine iodide
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MWCNTs, needle-like multi-wall carbon nanotubes
- Mitochondrial ROS
- Mouse macrophages
- NLRP3 inflammasome
- NLRP3, NOD-like receptor, pyrin domain-containing 3
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAA, serum amyloid A
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
- TMB, 3,3′,5,5′ tetramethylbezidine
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sunasee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Hudson Hall, 101 Broad Street, Plattsburgh, NY, USA
| | - Erinolaoluwa Araoye
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Hudson Hall, 101 Broad Street, Plattsburgh, NY, USA
| | - Dejhy Pyram
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Hudson Hall, 101 Broad Street, Plattsburgh, NY, USA
| | - Usha D Hemraz
- National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta and National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yaman Boluk
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta and National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karina Ckless
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Hudson Hall, 101 Broad Street, Plattsburgh, NY, USA
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Formulation, high throughput in vitro screening and in vivo functional characterization of nanoemulsion-based intranasal vaccine adjuvants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126120. [PMID: 25962136 PMCID: PMC4427474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants have been reported to induce both mucosal and systemic immunity when applied to mucosal surfaces and this dual response appears important for protection against certain pathogens. Despite the potential advantages, however, no mucosal adjuvants are currently approved for human use. Evaluating compounds as mucosal adjuvants is a slow and costly process due to the need for lengthy animal immunogenicity studies. We have constructed a library of 112 intranasal adjuvant candidate formulations consisting of oil-in-water nanoemulsions that contain various cationic and nonionic surfactants. To facilitate adjuvant development we first evaluated this library in a series of high-throughput, in vitro assays for activities associated with innate and adaptive immune activation in vivo. These in vitro assays screened for the ability of the adjuvant to bind to mucin, induce cytotoxicity, facilitate antigen uptake in epithelial and dendritic cells, and activate cellular pathways. We then sought to determine how these parameters related to adjuvant activity in vivo. While the in vitro assays alone were not enough to predict the in vivo adjuvant activity completely, several interesting relationships were found with immune responses in mice. Furthermore, by varying the physicochemical properties of the surfactant components (charge, surfactant polar head size and hydrophobicity) and the surfactant blend ratio of the formulations, the strength and type of the immune response generated (TH1, TH2, TH17) could be modulated. These findings suggest the possibility of using high-throughput screens to aid in the design of custom adjuvants with unique immunological profiles to match specific mucosal vaccine applications.
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Córdova LA, Trichet V, Escriou V, Rosset P, Amiaud J, Battaglia S, Charrier C, Berreur M, Brion R, Gouin F, Layrolle P, Passuti N, Heymann D. Inhibition of osteolysis and increase of bone formation after local administration of siRNA-targeting RANK in a polyethylene particle-induced osteolysis model. Acta Biomater 2015; 13:150-8. [PMID: 25462844 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) and RANK-ligand are relevant targets for the treatment of polyethylene particle-induced osteolysis. This study assessed the local administration of siRNA, targeting both human RANK and mouse Rank transcripts in a mouse model. Four groups of mice were implanted with polyethylene (PE) particles in the calvaria and treated locally with 2.5, 5 and 10 μg of RANK siRNA or a control siRNA delivered by the cationic liposome DMAPAP/DOPE. The tissues were harvested at day 9 after surgery and evaluated by micro-computed tomography, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) immunohistochemistry for macrophages and osteoblasts, and gene relative expression of inflammatory and osteolytic markers. 10 μg of RANK siRNA exerted a protective effect against PE particle-induced osteolysis, decreasing the bone loss and the osteoclastogenesis, demonstrated by the significant increase in the bone volume (P<0.001) and by the reduction in both the number of TRAP(+) cells and osteoclast activity (P<0.01). A bone anabolic effect demonstrated by the formation of new trabecular bone was confirmed by the increased immunopositive staining for osteoblast-specific proteins. In addition, 5 and 10 μg of RANK siRNA downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (P<0.01) without depletion of macrophages. Our findings show that RANK siRNA delivered locally by a synthetic vector may be an effective approach for reducing osteolysis and may even stimulate bone formation in aseptic loosening of prosthetic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Córdova
- INSERM, UMR 957, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, San Borja Arriaran University Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile-CONICYT, Sergio Livingstone Polhammer 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - V Trichet
- INSERM, UMR 957, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - V Escriou
- UTCBS CNRS UMR 8258 INSERM UMR-S 1022, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - P Rosset
- INSERM, UMR 957, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Tours University Hospital, François Rabelais, 37044 Tours Cedex 9, France
| | - J Amiaud
- INSERM, UMR 957, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - S Battaglia
- INSERM, UMR 957, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - C Charrier
- INSERM, UMR 957, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - M Berreur
- INSERM, UMR 957, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - R Brion
- INSERM, UMR 957, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Nantes University Hospital, 1 place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - F Gouin
- INSERM, UMR 957, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Nantes University Hospital, 1 place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - P Layrolle
- INSERM, UMR 957, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - N Passuti
- INSERM, UMR 957, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Nantes University Hospital, 1 place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - D Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; University of Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universities, Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Nantes University Hospital, 1 place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes Cedex 1, France
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