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Liu J, Viana B, Mignet N, Scherman D, Liu Y, Richard C. H 2 O 2 -Induced Persistent Luminescence Signal Enhancement Applied to Biosensing. Small 2023; 19:e2303509. [PMID: 37635118 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) are innovative materials able to emit light for a long time after the end of their excitation. Thanks to this property, their detection can be separated in time from the excitation, making it possible to obtain images with a high signal-to-noise ratio. This optical property can be of particular interest for the development of in vitro biosensors. Here, we report the unexpected effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) on the signal intensity of ZnGa2 O4 :Cr3+ (ZGO) nanoparticles. In the presence of H2 O2 , the signal intensity of ZGO can be amplified. This signal amplification can be used to detect and quantify H2 O2 in various media, using non-functionalized ZGO nanoparticles. This small molecule can be produced by several oxidases when they react with their substrate. Indeed, the quantification of glucose, lactic acid, and uric acid is possible. The limit of detection could be lowered by modifying the nanoparticles synthesis route. These optimized nanoparticles can also be used as new biosensor to detect larger molecules such as antigen, using the appropriate antibody. This unique property, i.e., persistent luminescence signal enhancement induced by H2 O2 , represents a new way to detect biomolecules which could lead to a very large number of bioassay applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, 75006, Paris, France
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, 830017, Urumqi, China
| | - Bruno Viana
- Université PSL, CNRS IRCP, Chimie ParisTech, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Yingshuai Liu
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, 75006, Paris, France
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Cyrille Richard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, 75006, Paris, France
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2
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Liao X, Nie J, Yuan X, Feng Z, Cui E, Wu Y, Li Y, Scherman D, Liu Y. Carbopol dispersed PAA-modified UIO-66 with high colloidal stability as a combination nano-adjuvant boosts immune response and protection against pseudorabies virus in mice and pigs. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:540-550. [PMID: 37393970 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Although inactivated vaccines have higher safety than live-attenuated vaccines in the control of pseudorabies virus (PRV), their protection efficacy is limited due to insufficient immunogenicity when used alone. High-performance adjuvants that can potentiate immune responses are highly desirable to improve the protection efficacy of inactivated vaccines. In this work, we have developed U@PAA-Car, a Carbopol dispersed zirconium-based metal-organic framework UIO-66 modified by polyacrylic acid (PAA), as a promising adjuvant for inactivated PRV vaccines. The U@PAA-Car has good biocompatibility, high colloidal stability, and antigen (vaccine) loading capacity. It significantly potentiates humoral and cellular immune responses over either U@PAA, Carbopol, or commercial adjuvants such as Alum and biphasic 201 by inducing a higher specific antibody titer, IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, cell cytokine secretion, and splenocyte proliferation. A protection rate of over 90% was observed in challenge tests in the model animal mice and the host animal pigs, which is much higher than that observed with commercial adjuvants. The high performance of the U@PAA-Car is attributed to antigen sustainable release at the injection site and highly efficient antigen internalization and presentation. In conclusion, this work not only demonstrates a great potential of the developed U@PAA-Car nano-adjuvant for the inactivated PRV vaccine but also gives a preliminary explanation of its action mechanism. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We have developed a Carbopol dispersed PAA-modified zirconium-based metal-organic framework UIO-66 (U@PAA-Car) as a promising combination nano-adjuvant for the inactivated PRV vaccine. The U@PAA-Car induced higher specific antibody titers and IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, increased cell cytokines secretion, and better splenocyte proliferation than U@PAA, Carbopol, and the commercial adjuvants Alum and biphasic 201, indicating that it induces a significant potentiation of humoral and cellular immune response. In addition, much higher protection rates were achieved with the U@PAA-Car-adjuvanted PRV vaccine in mice and pigs challenge than those observed from the commercial adjuvant groups. This work not only demonstrates the great potential of the U@PAA-Car nano-adjuvant in an inactivated PRV vaccine but also gives a preliminary explanation of its action mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jingjing Nie
- Adjuvant Research Laboratory, Sinopharm Animal Health Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhao Feng
- Adjuvant Research Laboratory, Sinopharm Animal Health Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Endian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Adjuvant Research Laboratory, Sinopharm Animal Health Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Yingshuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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3
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Mignet N, Scherman D. Liposome Biodistribution via Europium Complexes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2622:277-287. [PMID: 36781770 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2954-3_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Vector biodistribution is a requirement prior pharmaceutical development. Radioactive tracers allow the most sensitive and quantitative assessment of biodistribution, and conventional fluorophores are widely used in academic laboratories. We propose here to use europium complexes as a label for nanoparticles or biotherapeutics taking liposomes as models. Time-resolved fluorimetry (TRF) has the tremendous advantage of taking into accounts the fluorescence decay time of the lanthanide chelates, resulting in an improved sensitivity in biological media. The work described aimed following liposome biodistribution by TRF. An octadecyl-DTPA.Eu compound has been prepared and incorporated into liposomes without altering its fluorescence signal. The method has been validated through a comparison with fluorophore-labeled liposomes. The way to proceed when using this method for liposome biodistribution assessment is detailed. It could obviously be applied to other nanosystems, such as lipid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
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Lécuyer T, Seguin J, Balfourier A, Delagrange M, Burckel P, Lai-Kuen R, Mignon V, Ducos B, Tharaud M, Saubaméa B, Scherman D, Mignet N, Gazeau F, Richard C. Fate and biological impact of persistent luminescence nanoparticles after injection in mice: a one-year follow-up. Nanoscale 2022; 14:15760-15771. [PMID: 36239706 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03546d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) are attracting growing interest for non-invasive optical imaging of tissues with a high signal to noise ratio. PLNPs can emit a persistent luminescence signal through the tissue transparency window for several minutes, after UV light excitation before systemic administration or directly in vivo through visible irradiation, allowing us to get rid of the autofluorescence signal of tissues. PLNPs constitute a promising alternative to the commercially available optical near infrared probes thanks to their versatile functionalization capabilities for improvement of the circulation time in the blood stream. Nevertheless, while biodistribution for a short time is well known, the long-term fate and toxicity of the PLNP's inorganic core after injection have not been dealt with in depth. Here we extend the current knowledge on ZnGa1.995O4Cr0.005 NPs (or ZGO) with a one-year follow-up of their fate after a single systemic administration in mice. We investigated the organ tissue uptake of ZGO with two different coatings and determined their intracellular processing up to one year after injection. The biopersistence of ZGO was assessed, with a long-term retention, quantified by ICP-MS, mostly in the liver and spleen, parallel with a loss of their luminescence properties. The analysis of the toxicity related to combining an animal's weight, key hematological and metabolic markers, histological observations of liver tissues and quantification of the expression of 31 genes linked to different metabolic reactions did not reveal any signs of noxiousness, from the macro scale to the molecular level. Therefore, the ZGO imaging probe has been proven to be a safe and relevant candidate for preclinical studies, allowing its long term use without any in vivo disturbance of the general metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lécuyer
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7057, Matières et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Johanne Seguin
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Alice Balfourier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7057, Matières et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Marine Delagrange
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility of the ENS, Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l'École normale supérieure, F-75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Burckel
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - René Lai-Kuen
- Université de Paris, Inserm, CNRS, US25 Inserm, UMS3612 CNRS, Cellular and Molecular Imaging facility, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Mignon
- Université de Paris, Inserm, CNRS, US25 Inserm, UMS3612 CNRS, Cellular and Molecular Imaging facility, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility of the ENS, Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l'École normale supérieure, F-75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael Tharaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Saubaméa
- Université de Paris, Inserm, CNRS, US25 Inserm, UMS3612 CNRS, Cellular and Molecular Imaging facility, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7057, Matières et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Cyrille Richard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
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Kropp M, Harmening N, Bascuas T, Johnen S, De Clerck E, Fernández V, Ronchetti M, Cadossi R, Zanini C, Scherman D, Ivics Z, Marie C, Izsvák Z, Thumann G. GMP-Grade Manufacturing and Quality Control of a Non-Virally Engineered Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product for Personalized Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2777. [PMID: 36359296 PMCID: PMC9687277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of new therapeutics requires validation of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-grade manufacturing including suitable quality controls. This is challenging for Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) with personalized batches. We have developed a person-alized, cell-based gene therapy to treat age-related macular degeneration and established a vali-dation strategy of the GMP-grade manufacture for the ATMP; manufacturing and quality control were challenging due to a low cell number, batch-to-batch variability and short production duration. Instead of patient iris pigment epithelial cells, human donor tissue was used to produce the transfected cell product ("tIPE"). We implemented an extended validation of 104 tIPE productions. Procedure, operators and devices have been validated and qualified by determining cell number, viability, extracellular DNA, sterility, duration, temperature and volume. Transfected autologous cells were transplanted to rabbits verifying feasibility of the treatment. A container has been engineered to ensure a safe transport from the production to the surgery site. Criteria for successful validation and qualification were based on tIPE's Critical Quality Attributes and Process Parameters, its manufacture and release criteria. The validated process and qualified operators are essential to bring the ATMP into clinic and offer a general strategy for the transfer to other manufacture centers and personalized ATMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kropp
- Group of Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nina Harmening
- Group of Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thais Bascuas
- Group of Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Johnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eline De Clerck
- Group of Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Scherman
- CNRS, Inserm, UTCBS, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Corinne Marie
- CNRS, Inserm, UTCBS, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Thumann
- Group of Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Jiang Y, Lu H, Yuan X, Zhang Y, Lei L, Li Y, Sun W, Liu J, Scherman D, Liu Y. A hollow Co 3-xCu xS 4 with glutathione depleting and photothermal properties for synergistic dual-enhanced chemodynamic/photothermal cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8082-8093. [PMID: 36128978 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01590k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemodynamic therapy has become an emerging cancer treatment strategy, in which tumor cells are killed through toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) produced by the Fenton reaction. Nevertheless, low ROS generation efficiency and ROS depletion by cellular antioxidant systems are still the main obstacles in chemodynamic therapy. In the present work, we propose a dually enhanced chemodynamic therapy obtained by inhibiting ˙OH consumption and promoting ˙OH production based on the administration of bimetallic sulfide Co3-xCuxS4 nanoparticles functionalized by polyethylene glycol. These bimetallic nanoparticles display glutathione depleting and photothermal properties. The nanoparticles are gradually degraded in a tumor microenvironment, resulting in Co2+ and Cu2+ release. The released Co2+ triggers a Fenton-like reaction that turns endogenous hydrogen peroxide into highly toxic ˙OH. In the cellular environment, Cu2+ ions are reduced to Cu+ by endogenous GSH, which decreases the intracellular antioxidant capacity and additionally up-regulates ˙OH production via the Cu+-induced Fenton-like reaction. Moreover, under near-infrared light irradiation, the bimetallic nanoparticles display a photothermal conversion efficacy of 46.7%, which not only improves chemodynamic therapy via boosting a Fenton-like reaction but results in photothermal therapy through hyperthermia. Both in vitro cancer cell killing and in vivo tumor ablation experiments show that the bimetallic nanoparticles display outstanding therapeutic efficacy and negligible systemic toxicity, indicating their anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Lingli Lei
- Small Molecule Drugs Sichuan Key Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, P. R. China
| | - Yongcan Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS); UMR 8258 CNRS; U 1022 Inserm; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, F-75270 cedex 06, France.
| | - Yingshuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
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Do HD, Marie C, Bessoles S, Dhotel H, Seguin J, Larrat B, Doan BT, Scherman D, Escriou V, Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Mignet N. Combination of thermal ablation by focused ultrasound, pFAR4-IL-12 transfection and lipidic adjuvant provide a distal immune response. Exploration of Medicine 2022; 3:398-413. [PMID: 36046055 PMCID: PMC9400762 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Gene-based immunotherapy against cancer is limited by low gene transfer efficiency. In the literature, interleukin-12 (IL-12) encoding plasmid associated with sonoporation has been shown to enhance antitumoral activity. Moreover, non-viral carriers and high-frequency ultrasound have both been shown to promote immune response activation. Here, IL-12 encoding plasmid, non-viral carrier stimulating the immune response and focused ultrasound were combined in order to improve the antitumoral efficiency. Methods: In order to enhance a gene-based antitumoral immune response, home-made lipids Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonists and plasmid free of antibiotic resistance version 4 (pFAR4), a mini-plasmid, encoding the IL-12 cytokine were combined with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The lipid composition and the combination conditions were selected following in vitro and in vivo preliminary studies. The expression of IL-12 from our plasmid construct was measured in vitro and in vivo. The combination strategy was evaluated in mice bearing colon carcinoma cells (CT26) tumors following their weight, tumor volume, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the serum and produced by splenocytes exposed to CT26 tumor cells. Results: Lipid-mediated cell transfection and intratumoral injection into CT26 tumor mice using pFAR4-IL-12 led to the secretion of the IL-12 cytokine into cell supernatant and mice sera, respectively. Conditions of thermal deposition using HIFU were optimized. The plasmid encoding pFAR4-IL-12 or TLR2 agonist alone had no impact on tumor growth compared with control mice, whereas the complete treatment consisting of pFAR4-IL-12, TLR2 lipid agonist, and HIFU limited tumor growth. Moreover, only the complete treatment increased significantly mice survival and provided an abscopal effect on a metastatic CT26 model. Conclusions: The HIFU condition was highly efficient to stop tumor growth. The combined therapy was the most efficient in terms of IL-12 and IFN-γ production and mice survival. The study showed the feasibility and the limits of this combined therapy which has the potential to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Doan Do
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Marie
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, Université PSL, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Hélène Dhotel
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Larrat
- NeuroSpin, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Université Paris Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bich-Thuy Doan
- Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, SEISADCNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Escriou
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France; Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le-Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France
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8
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Lécuyer T, Bia N, Burckel P, Loubat C, Graillot A, Seguin J, Corvis Y, Liu J, Valéro L, Scherman D, Mignet N, Richard C. Persistent luminescence nanoparticles functionalized by polymers bearing phosphonic acid anchors: synthesis, characterization, and in vivo behaviour. Nanoscale 2022; 14:1386-1394. [PMID: 35018394 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical in vivo imaging has become a widely used technique and is still under development for clinical diagnostics and treatment applications. For further development of the field, researchers have put much effort into the development of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) as imaging probes. In this trend, our laboratory developed ZnGa1.995O4Cr0.005 (ZGO) nanoparticles, which can emit a bright persistent luminescence signal through the tissue transparency window for dozens of minutes and can be activated in vivo with visible irradiation. These properties endow them with unique features, allowing us to recover information over a long-time study with in vivo imaging without any background. To target tissues of interest, ZGO must circulate long enough in the blood stream, a phenomenon which is limited by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Depending on their size, charge and coating, the NPs are sooner or later opsonized and stored into the main organs of the MPS (liver, spleen, and lungs). The NPs therefore have to be coated with a hydrophilic polymer to avoid this limitation. To this end, a new functionalization method using two different polyethylene glycol phosphonic acid polymers (a linear one, later named lpPEG and a branched one, later named pPEG) has been studied in this article. The coating has been optimized and characterized in various aqueous media. The behaviour of the newly functionalized NPs has been investigated in the presence of plasmatic proteins, and an in vivo biodistribution study has been performed. Among them ZGOpPEG exhibits a long circulation time, corresponding to low protein adsorption, while presenting an effective one-step process in aqueous medium with a low hydrodynamic diameter increase. This new method is much more advantageous than another strategy we reported previously that used a two-step PEG silane coating performed in an organic solvent (dimethylformamide) for which the final hydrodynamic diameter was twice the initial diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lécuyer
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Bia
- Specific Polymers, ZAC Via Domitia 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Pierre Burckel
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université de Paris, France
| | - Cédric Loubat
- Specific Polymers, ZAC Via Domitia 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Alain Graillot
- Specific Polymers, ZAC Via Domitia 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Yohann Corvis
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Lucie Valéro
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Cyrille Richard
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France.
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Liu X, Bahloul B, Lai Kuen R, Andrieux K, Roques C, Scherman D. Cationic lipid nanoparticle production by microfluidization for siRNA delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120772. [PMID: 34098051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidization has been investigated as a new, scalable, and basic component saving method to produce cationic lipid nanoparticles, in particular for the delivery of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). The design of experiment (DoE) allowed to reach optimized characteristics in terms of nanocarrier size reduction and low polydispersity. The structure of cationic liposomes and siRNA-lipoplexes was characterized. The optimized preparation parameters were identified as three microfluidization passages at a pressure of 10,000 psi, with a thin film hydration volume of 4 ml. Microfluidized liposomes mean size was 160 nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.2-0.3 and a zeta potential of +40 mV to +60 mV. Positive versus negative charge ratio between the charges of the cationic lipid and the phosphate charges of the siRNAs is a key factor determining the structure and silencing efficacy of siRNA lipoplexes. At a (+/-) charge ratio of 8, a proportion of 88% of the siRNA was associated to microfluidized lipoplexes, which remained stable for one month. These lipoplexes exhibited moderate cytotoxicity and gene silencing efficacy, which should be further optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Badr Bahloul
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Karine Andrieux
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Roques
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France.
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Ahmed S, Salmon H, Distasio N, Do HD, Scherman D, Alhareth K, Tabrizian M, Mignet N. Viscous Core Liposomes Increase siRNA Encapsulation and Provides Gene Inhibition When Slightly Positively Charged. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040479. [PMID: 33916066 PMCID: PMC8066317 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery, evidence that siRNA was able to act as an RNA interference effector, led to its acceptation as a novel medicine. The siRNA approach is very effective, due to its catalytic mechanism, but still the limitations of its cellular delivery should be addressed. One promising form of non-viral gene delivery system is liposomes. The variable and versatile nature of the lipids keeps the possibility to upgrade the liposomal structure, which makes them suitable for encapsulation and delivery of drugs. However, to avoid the limitation of fast release for the hydrophilic drug, we previously designed viscous core liposomes. We aimed in this work to evaluate if these viscous core liposomes (NvcLs) could be of interest for siRNA encapsulation. Then, we sought to add a limited amount of positive charges to provide cell interaction and transfection. Cationic lipid dimyristoylaminopropylaminopropyl or the polymer poly(ethylenimine) were incorporated in NvcL to produce positively charged viscous core liposomes (PvcL) by a customized microfluidic device. We found that NvcLs increased the encapsulation efficiency and loading content with regards to the neutral liposome. Both PvcLPEI and PvcLDMAPAP exhibited transfection and GFP knock-down (≈40%) in both 2D and 3D cell cultures. Finally, the addition of slight positive charges did not induce cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Ahmed
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.); (H.D.D.); (D.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Hugo Salmon
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3775 University St, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (H.S.); (N.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Nicholas Distasio
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3775 University St, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (H.S.); (N.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Hai Doan Do
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.); (H.D.D.); (D.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.); (H.D.D.); (D.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Khair Alhareth
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.); (H.D.D.); (D.S.); (K.A.)
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Biomedical Engineering Department and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, 3775 University St, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (H.S.); (N.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques Pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.); (H.D.D.); (D.S.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence: author:
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Johnen S, Harmening N, Marie C, Scherman D, Izsvák Z, Ivics Z, Walter P, Thumann G. Electroporation-Based Genetic Modification of Primary Human Pigment Epithelial Cells using the Sleeping Beauty Transposon System. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33616098 DOI: 10.3791/61987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our increasingly aging society leads to a growing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases. So far, the pathological mechanisms are inadequately understood, thus impeding the establishment of defined treatments. Cell-based additive gene therapies for the increased expression of a protective factor are considered as a promising option to medicate neurodegenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We have developed a method for the stable expression of the gene encoding pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), which is characterized as a neuroprotective and anti-angiogenic protein in the nervous system, into the genome of primary human pigment epithelial (PE) cells using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system. Primary PE cells were isolated from human donor eyes and maintained in culture. After reaching confluence, 1 x 104 cells were suspended in 11 µL of resuspension buffer and combined with 2 µL of a purified solution containing 30 ng of hyperactive SB (SB100X) transposase plasmid and 470 ng of PEDF transposon plasmid. Genetic modification was carried out with a capillary electroporation system using the following parameters: two pulses with a voltage of 1,100 V and a width of 20 ms. Transfected cells were transferred into culture plates containing medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum; antibiotics and antimycotics were added with the first medium exchange. Successful transfection was demonstrated in independently performed experiments. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed the increased expression of the PEDF transgene. PEDF secretion was significantly elevated and remained stable, as evaluated by immunoblotting, and quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SB100X-mediated transfer allowed for a stable PEDF gene integration into the genome of PE cells and ensured the continuous secretion of PEDF, which is critical for the development of a cell-based gene addition therapy to treat AMD or other retinal degenerative diseases. Moreover, analysis of the integration profile of the PEDF transposon into human PE cells indicated an almost random genomic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Johnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen;
| | - Nina Harmening
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva
| | - Corinne Marie
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité des technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, Unité des technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen
| | - Gabriele Thumann
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva
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Rao PJ, Maharaj M, Chau C, Taylor P, Phan K, Choy WJ, Scherman D, Mews P, Scholsem M, Coughlan M, Mobbs R. Degenerate-disc infection study with contaminant control (DISC): a multicenter prospective case-control trial. Spine J 2020; 20:1544-1553. [PMID: 32339766 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A bacterial cause of disc degeneration has evoked several controversies and, if true, would lead to a major shift in treatment paradigm. Earlier studies analyzing the relationship of bacterial disc infection within a degenerative cohort featured prolonged cultures susceptible to contamination. The degenerate-disc infection study with contaminant control (DISC) trial aims to investigate this theory further by examining infection rates using a non-degenerative control cohort in comparison to a degenerative internal control cohort and a sham cohort (sampling only sterile paraspinal tissue). To our knowledge, the current study is the largest evaluating the growth of organisms (or possible contamination rate) in paraspinal tissue if prolonged cultures are performed. Protocols on methodology have been previously published. PURPOSE (1) To investigate the infection rates across cohorts (degenerative vs. nondegenerative control; paraspinal and/or disc controls vs. combined sampling cohorts) using stringent standardized aseptic surgical technique and laboratory processing. (2) To compare our findings to that of the literature and make a statement in support and/or against a possible contamination theory to positive cultures. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter, multisurgeon case-control trial. PATIENT SAMPLE In all, 812 surgical samples were retrieved across a 3.5-year period (2013-2016) including 25 trauma controls (nondegenerative), 550 "disc and paraspinal" samples (degenerative cases with internal control), 190 disc-only samples (degenerative cases without internal control), and 46 paraspinal only controls (sham group). OUTCOME MEASURES Growth and/or Contamination rate (%) per cohort. Chi-square of growth in disc versus paraspinal samples as a means of examining the distribution of false positive and contaminant growth. The impact of previous injections and/or surgery on positive disc or paraspinal growth. Correlation of Modic changes with positive growth rates analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis Test. The distribution of species in positive samples were also analyzed. METHODS The DISC trial is registered under Australian and New Zealand clinical trials registry-ACTRN12616000541404. Institutional ethics review was obtained (HREC northern sector 13/218) at the primary center and further centers (n=6) were recruited. Patients undergoing spinal surgery with discectomy were eligible for trial entry with tissue specimens obtained using strict aseptic technique for microbiological examination. All specimens were handled with sterile instruments only and by a fresh instrument to a sterile pot that was closed immediately. Separate pots were used for the disc and paraspinal tissue respectively with similar stringent processing during microbiological assessment. A cohort of the degenerative cases at one single institution also underwent an additional histopathological examination. RESULTS There was an expected significant difference in gender and age associated with the non-degenerative control group (due to trauma patients) compared with other cohorts. There was a higher percentage of positive-growth in the control group in comparison to the disc and paraspinal and disc only groups across positive disc growth (48% vs. 27% vs. 17%, p<.001). A similar infection rate was observed in the paraspinal samples across the equivalent controls (44% vs. 36% vs. 37%, p=.739). There was a significant difference in the proportions of positive growth with a large proportion of false positives (growth in both disc and paraspinal samples; p<.001). There was no difference in true positive growth between the case and control groups (16.0 vs. 7.7%, p=.112). These trends were preserved across all cohorts and when stratifying by spinal segment (cervical or lumbar). There was no correlation between Modic changes and positive disc culture growth (p=.398, n=144 samples). Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes was the most dominant pathogen isolated, representing between 50% and 70% of positive disc and paraspinal specimens, followed by staphylococcal species. CONCLUSIONS Our study failed to find a difference in true infection rates between the nondegenerative and degenerative disc populations. These findings are suggestive of a contamination theory and against a common infective etiology in the setting of discogenic back and neck pain. We believe the rationale for antibiotic therapy in the management of discogenic back pain warrants further evidence to establish efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth J Rao
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neurosurgical Research Group (NSURG), Sydney, Australia
| | - Monish Maharaj
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neurosurgical Research Group (NSURG), Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Public and Private Hospitals, Suite 7, Level 7, Randwick 2031, Australia.
| | - Christine Chau
- Department of Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick, Australia
| | - Peter Taylor
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kevin Phan
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neurosurgical Research Group (NSURG), Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Public and Private Hospitals, Suite 7, Level 7, Randwick 2031, Australia
| | - Wen Jie Choy
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neurosurgical Research Group (NSURG), Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Mews
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Dept Microbiology NSW Health Pathology, St George Hospital, Kogarah, Australia
| | - Martin Scholsem
- Department of Neurosurgery, St George Hospital, Kogarah, Australia
| | - Marc Coughlan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Public and Private Hospitals, Suite 7, Level 7, Randwick 2031, Australia
| | - Ralph Mobbs
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neurosurgical Research Group (NSURG), Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Public and Private Hospitals, Suite 7, Level 7, Randwick 2031, Australia
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Liu J, Kotrchová L, Lécuyer T, Corvis Y, Seguin J, Mignet N, Etrych T, Scherman D, Randárová E, Richard C. Coating Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles With Hydrophilic Polymers for in vivo Imaging. Front Chem 2020; 8:584114. [PMID: 33195077 PMCID: PMC7542242 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.584114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) are innovative nanomaterials highly useful for bioimaging applications. Indeed, due to their particular optical properties, i.e., the ability to store the excitation energy before slowly releasing it for a prolonged period of time, they allow in vivo imaging without auto-fluorescence and with a high target to background ratio. However, as for most nanoparticles (NPs), without any special surface coating, they are rapidly opsonized and captured by the liver after systemic injection into small animals. To overcome this issue and prolong nanoparticle circulation in the bloodstream, a new stealth strategy was developed by covering their surface with poly(N-2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (pHPMA), a highly hydrophilic polymer widely used in nanomedicine. Preliminary in vivo imaging results demonstrated the possibility of pHPMA as an alternative strategy to cover ZnGa2O4:Cr NPs to delay their capture by the liver, thereby providing a new perspective for the formulation of stealth NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lenka Kotrchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Thomas Lécuyer
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Corvis
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Eva Randárová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Cyrille Richard
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, Inserm U1267, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Pastor M, Quiviger M, Pailloux J, Scherman D, Marie C. Reduced Heterochromatin Formation on the pFAR4 Miniplasmid Allows Sustained Transgene Expression in the Mouse Liver. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2020; 21:28-36. [PMID: 32505001 PMCID: PMC7270507 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery into the liver generally mediates a transient transgene expression. A comparative analysis was performed using two gene vectors, pFAR4 and pKAR4, which differ by the absence or presence of an antibiotic resistance marker, respectively. Both plasmids carried the same eukaryotic expression cassette composed of a sulfamidase (Sgsh) cDNA expressed from the human alpha antitrypsin liver-specific promoter. Hydrodynamic injection of the pFAR4 construct resulted in prolonged sulfamidase secretion from the liver, whereas delivery of the pKAR4 construct led to a sharp decrease in circulating enzyme. After induction of hepatocyte division, a rapid decline of sulfamidase expression occurred, indicating that the pFAR4 derivative was mostly episomal. Quantification analyses revealed that both plasmids were present at similar copy numbers, whereas Sgsh transcript levels remained high only in mice infused with the pFAR4 construct. Using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, it was established that the 5' end of the expression cassette carried by pKAR4 exhibited a 7.9-fold higher heterochromatin-to-euchromatin ratio than the pFAR4 construct, whereas a bisulfite treatment did not highlight any obvious differences in the methylation status of the two plasmids. Thus, by preventing transgene expression silencing, the pFAR4 gene vector allows a sustained transgene product secretion from the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pastor
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mickäel Quiviger
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Julie Pailloux
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Marie
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
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Gahoual R, Bolbach G, Ould-Melha I, Clodic G, François YN, Scherman D, Mignet N, Houzé P. Kinetic and structural characterization of therapeutic albumin chemical functionalization using complementary mass spectrometry techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 185:113242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
While more than 7000 rare diseases have been identified, only about 5 percent benefit from a licensed treatment. As the majority of these diseases is life threatening, these facts underscore the need for new drugs. Drug repositioning is an alternative strategy in drug development, which represents an attractive opportunity for rare diseases. Drug repositioning (also called drug repurposing, drug reprofiling or drug re-tasking) consists in identifying for an already approved or investigational drug a new use outside the scope of the original medical indication. Drug repositioning is considered in the field of orphan drugs as being a faster and somehow less costly strategy than traditional new drug development for pharmaceutical companies. While several successful repositioning cases have been discovered by serendipity, most successes straightly derive from the molecular characterization of the concerned disease. This short commentary is mainly dedicated to these rationally-based success stories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Scherman
- French foundation for rare diseases, 75014 Paris, France; Chemical and biological technologies for health unit (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258, 75006 Paris, France; UTCBS, Inserm U1267, 75006 Paris, France; Faculté de pharmacie, université Paris Descartes, université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France.
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Lécuyer T, Durand MA, Volatron J, Desmau M, Lai-Kuen R, Corvis Y, Seguin J, Wang G, Alloyeau D, Scherman D, Mignet N, Gazeau F, Richard C. Degradation of ZnGa 2O 4:Cr 3+ luminescent nanoparticles in lysosomal-like medium. Nanoscale 2020; 12:1967-1974. [PMID: 31909403 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06867h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ultimate goal of in vivo imaging is to provide safe tools to probe the inside of a body in order to obtain pathological information, monitor activities, and examine disease progression or regression. In this context zinc gallate doped with chromium III (ZGO) nanoparticles with persistent luminescence properties have been previously developed, and their biodistribution as well as in vitro toxicity were evaluated. However, to date, nothing is known about their potential transformations in biological media, which may hinder their biomedical applications. In order to know if these nanoparticles could degrade, the present work consists of studying their fate over time depending on both their coating and the aqueous media in which they are dispersed. ZGO nanoparticles have been dispersed in three different aqueous solutions for up to 90 days and characterized by numerous techniques. Among the evaluated dispersion media, Artificial Lysosomal Fluid (ALF) mimicking the intracellular lysosome environment elicited significant degradation of ZGO nanoparticles. The chelating agents present in ALF have proved to play a major role in the degradation of the ZGO, by stabilizing the nanoparticles and increasing the contact. An important time decrease of the luminescence properties has also been observed, which correlated with the release of ions from ZGO nanoparticles as well as their decreasing size. This information is valuable since it indicates, for the first time, the long-term degradation of persistent luminescent nanoprobes in an in vivo like model medium. Therefore, possible elimination of the imaging probes after in vivo preclinical applications could be foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lécuyer
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, 75006 Paris, France.
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Hernandez M, Recalde S, Garcia-Garcia L, Bezunartea J, Miskey C, Johnen S, Diarra S, Sebe A, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, Pouillot S, Marie C, Izsvák Z, Scherman D, Kropp M, Prosper F, Thumann G, Ivics Z, Garcia-Layana A, Fernandez-Robredo P. Preclinical Evaluation of a Cell-Based Gene Therapy Using the Sleeping Beauty Transposon System in Choroidal Neovascularization. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 15:403-417. [PMID: 31890733 PMCID: PMC6909167 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive retinal disorder characterized by imbalanced pro- and antiangiogenic signals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ex vivo cell-based gene therapy with stable expression of human pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) release using the non-viral Sleeping Beauty (SB100X) transposon system delivered by miniplasmids free of antibiotic resistance markers (pFAR4). Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cells were co-transfected with pFAR4-inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) CMV-PEDF-BGH and pFAR4-CMV-SB100X-SV40 plasmids. Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was performed in rats, and transfected primary cells (transfected RPE [tRPE] and transfected IPE [tIPE] cells) were injected into the subretinal space. The leakage and CNV areas, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), PEDF protein expression, metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2/9), and microglial/macrophage markers were measured. Injection with tRPE/IPE cells significantly reduced the leakage area at 7 and 14 days and the CNV area at 7 days. There was a significant increase in PEDF and the PEDF/VEGF ratio with tRPE cells and a reduction in the MMP-2 activity. Our data demonstrated that ex vivo non-viral gene therapy reduces CNV and could be an effective and safe therapeutic option for angiogenic retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hernandez
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares, Oftared, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares, Oftared, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Garcia-Garcia
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares, Oftared, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Csaba Miskey
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Sandra Johnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Diarra
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Attila Sebe
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Juan Roberto Rodriguez-Madoz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | | | - Corinne Marie
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS, INSERM, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Martina Kropp
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
- Area of Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Gabriele Thumann
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Alfredo Garcia-Layana
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares, Oftared, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Ophthalmology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares, Oftared, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Pinyon JL, von Jonquieres G, Crawford EN, Duxbury M, Al Abed A, Lovell NH, Klugmann M, Wise AK, Fallon JB, Shepherd RK, Birman CS, Lai W, McAlpine D, McMahon C, Carter PM, Enke YL, Patrick JF, Schilder AG, Marie C, Scherman D, Housley GD. Neurotrophin gene augmentation by electrotransfer to improve cochlear implant hearing outcomes. Hear Res 2019; 380:137-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Rao PJ, Maharaj M, Tang K, Lambie N, Scherman D, Phan K, Mobbs RJ. Degenerate-disc infection study with contaminant control (DISC): Application of a proposed histological scoring system. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 66:87-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Liu J, Lécuyer T, Seguin J, Mignet N, Scherman D, Viana B, Richard C. Imaging and therapeutic applications of persistent luminescence nanomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:193-210. [PMID: 30414492 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of probes for biomolecular imaging and diagnostics is a very active research area. Among the different imaging modalities, optics emerged since it is a noninvasive and cheap imaging technique allowing real time imaging. In vitro, this technique is very useful however in vivo, fluorescence suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio due to tissue autofluorescence under constant excitation. To address this limitation, novel types of optical nanoprobes are actually being developed and among them, persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs), with long lasting near-infrared (NIR) luminescence capability, allows doing optical imaging without constant excitation and so without autofluorescence. This review will begin by introducing the physical phenomenon associated to the long luminescence decay of such nanoprobes, from minutes to hours after ceasing the excitation. Then we will show how this property can be used to develop in vivo imaging probes and also more recently nanotheranostic agents. Finally, preliminary data on their biocompatibility will be mentioned and we will conclude by envisioning on the future applications and improvements of such nanomaterials.
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22
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Jiang Y, Li Y, Richard C, Scherman D, Liu Y. Hemocompatibility investigation and improvement of near-infrared persistent luminescent nanoparticle ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ by surface PEGylation. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ hemocompatibility was systematically investigated from the aspects of hemolysis, erythrocyte morphology, coagulation and complement system activation, and greatly improved by surface PEGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Key laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials
- School of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Yuan Li
- Central Laboratory of Yongchuan Hospital
- Chongqing Medical University
- Chongqing 402160
- China
| | - Cyrille Richard
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS)
- UMR 8258 CNRS
- U 1022 Inserm
- Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS)
- UMR 8258 CNRS
- U 1022 Inserm
- Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Yingshuai Liu
- Key laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials
- School of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
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23
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Mignet N, Marie C, Delalande A, Manta S, Bureau MF, Renault G, Scherman D, Pichon C. Microbubbles for Nucleic Acid Delivery in Liver Using Mild Sonoporation. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1943:377-387. [PMID: 30838630 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9092-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery is an interesting approach, which could help in increasing gene transfer in deep tissues. Moreover, it allows for performing experiments guided by the image to determine which elements are required. Microbubbles complexed with a eukaryotic expression cassette are excellent agents as they are responsive to ultrasounds and, upon oscillation, can destabilize membranes to enhance gene transfer. Here, we describe the preparation of positively charged microbubbles, plasmid free of antibiotic resistance marker, their combination and the conditions of ultrasound-mediated liver transfection post-systemic administration in mice. This association allowed us to obtain a superior liver gene expression at least over 8 months after a single injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mignet
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), INSERM, U1022, Paris, France. .,CNRS, UMR8258, Paris, France. .,Faculté de Pharmacie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. .,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Corinne Marie
- INSERM, U1022, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8258, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Delalande
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire and Université d'Orléans, CNRS-UPR 4301, Orléans, France
| | - Simona Manta
- INSERM, U1022, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8258, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Michel-Francis Bureau
- INSERM, U1022, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8258, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- INSERM, U1022, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8258, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire and Université d'Orléans, CNRS-UPR 4301, Orléans, France
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24
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Lemdani K, Salmon H, Gahoual R, Bessodes M, Scherman D, Houzé P, Seguin J, Mignet N. Assessment of the targeting specificity of a fluorescent albumin conceived as a preclinical agent of the liver function. Nanoscale 2018; 10:21151-21160. [PMID: 30407473 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the context of increasing liver diseases, no contrast agent is currently available in Europe and the United States to directly assess the liver function. Only neolactosylated human serum albumin is being clinically used in Asia. In order to perform preclinical studies in the context of liver diseases, we conceived a fluorescent lactosylated albumin for the quantification of liver functional cells (l-Cyal). Precise characterization was achieved in order to determine the amounts of lactose and Cyanine 5 (Cy5) coupled to the albumin. In addition, potential aggregation was characterized by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation hyphenated to multi-angle light scattering (AF4-MALS). The optimal functionalized albumin exhibited a mass greater than 87 kDa which corresponds to the addition of 34 lactose moieties per protein and 1-2 Cy5 labels. Also, no significant formation of aggregates could be identified due to the modification of the native albumin. In healthy mice, the accumulation of l-Cyal in the liver and its selectivity for hepatocyte cells were shown by optical imaging and flow cytometry. Administration of l-Cyal to mice bearing liver metastases showed a reduced signal in the liver related to a decrease in the number of hepatocytes. The l-Cyal bioimaging contrast agent could be particularly useful for assessing the state of liver related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lemdani
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR8258 INSERM U1022, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, F-75006 Paris, France.
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25
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Quiviger M, Giannakopoulos A, Verhenne S, Marie C, Stavrou EF, Vanhoorelbeke K, Izsvák Z, De Meyer SF, Athanassiadou A, Scherman D. Improved molecular platform for the gene therapy of rare diseases by liver protein secretion. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:723-728. [PMID: 29704684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many rare monogenic diseases are treated by protein replacement therapy, in which the missing protein is repetitively administered to the patient. However, in several cases, the missing protein is required at a high and sustained level, which renders protein therapy far from being adequate. As an alternative, a gene therapy treatment ensuring a sustained effectiveness would be particularly valuable. Liver is an optimal organ for the secretion and systemic distribution of a therapeutic transgene product. Cutting edge non-viral gene therapy tools were tested in order to produce a high and sustained level of therapeutic protein secretion by the liver using the hydrodynamic delivery technique. The use of S/MAR matrix attachment region provided a slight, however not statistically significant, increase in the expression of a reporter gene in the liver. We have selected the von Willebrand Factor (vWF) gene as a particularly challenging large gene (8.4 kb) for liver delivery and expression, and also because a high vWF blood concentration is required for disease correction. By using the optimized miniplasmid pFAR free of antibiotic resistance gene together with the Sleeping Beauty transposon and the hyperactive SB100X transposase, we have obtained a sustainable level of vWFblood secretion by the liver, at 65% of physiological level. Our results point to the general use of this plasmid platform using the liver as a protein factory to treat numerous rare disorders by gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Quiviger
- Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Sebastien Verhenne
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Corinne Marie
- Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Eleana F Stavrou
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rion, Greece
| | - Karen Vanhoorelbeke
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Mobile DNA, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon F De Meyer
- Laboratory for Thrombosis Research, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Aglaia Athanassiadou
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Rion, Greece
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France.
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26
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Abstract
Molecular imaging of receptors expressed on the surface of tumor cells is becoming a major field of investigation in clinical oncology, especially for the detection of cancer at its earliest stages. Nowadays, MRI, microcomputed tomography (microCT), ultrasound, positron emission tomography (PET), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and other major imaging systems are available to scientists and clinicians. Each technique has advantages and limitations, thus making them complementary. We report herein our investigations on the synthesis and use of new probes for small animal imaging as well as on the preparation and use of targeting complexes to deliver specific gene in tumors cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Richard
- Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, CNRS, UMR 8151; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris
| | | | - Daniel Scherman
- Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique, CNRS, UMR 8151; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris
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27
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Zeng N, Seguin J, Destruel PL, Dumortier G, Maury M, Dhotel H, Bessodes M, Scherman D, Mignet N, Boudy V. Cyanine derivative as a suitable marker for thermosensitive in situ gelling delivery systems: In vitro and in vivo validation of a sustained buccal drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 534:128-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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28
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Valero L, Alhareth K, Gil S, Simasotchi C, Roques C, Scherman D, Mignet N, Fournier T, Andrieux K. Assessment of dually labelled PEGylated liposomes transplacental passage and placental penetration using a combination of two ex-vivo human models: the dually perfused placenta and the suspended villous explants. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:729-737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Garcia-Garcia L, Recalde S, Hernandez M, Bezunartea J, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, Johnen S, Diarra S, Marie C, Izsvák Z, Ivics Z, Scherman D, Kropp M, Thumann G, Prosper F, Fernandez-Robredo P, Garcia-Layana A. Long-Term PEDF Release in Rat Iris and Retinal Epithelial Cells after Sleeping Beauty Transposon-Mediated Gene Delivery. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2017; 9:1-11. [PMID: 29246287 PMCID: PMC5583395 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) is a potent antiangiogenic, neurotrophic, and neuroprotective molecule that is the endogenous inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retina. An ex vivo gene therapy approach based on transgenic overexpression of PEDF in the eye is assumed to rebalance the angiogenic-antiangiogenic milieu of the retina, resulting in growth regression of choroidal blood vessels, the hallmark of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Here, we show that rat pigment epithelial cells can be efficiently transfected with the PEDF-expressing non-viral hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposon system delivered in a form free of antibiotic resistance marker miniplasmids. The engineered retinal and iris pigment epithelium cells secrete high (141 ± 13 and 222 ± 14 ng) PEDF levels in 72 hr in vitro. In vivo studies showed cell survival and insert expression during at least 4 months. Transplantation of the engineered cells to the subretinal space of a rat model of choroidal neovascularization reduces almost 50% of the development of new vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garcia-Garcia
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Roberto Rodriguez-Madoz
- Cell Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Johnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Diarra
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Corinne Marie
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS) UMR 8258, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Daniel Scherman
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS) UMR 8258, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Martina Kropp
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals and School of Medicine, 22 Rue Alcide-Jentzer, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Thumann
- Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals and School of Medicine, 22 Rue Alcide-Jentzer, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Cell Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Area of Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Garcia-Layana
- Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; Ophthalmology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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30
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Manta S, Renault G, Delalande A, Couture O, Lagoutte I, Seguin J, Lager F, Houzé P, Midoux P, Bessodes M, Scherman D, Bureau MF, Marie C, Pichon C, Mignet N. Cationic microbubbles and antibiotic-free miniplasmid for sustained ultrasound-mediated transgene expression in liver. J Control Release 2017; 262:170-181. [PMID: 28710005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of clinical trials in gene therapy, no ideal methods still allow non-viral gene transfer in deep tissues such as the liver. We were interested in ultrasound (US)-mediated gene delivery to provide long term liver expression. For this purpose, new positively charged microbubbles were designed and complexed with pFAR4, a highly efficient small length miniplasmid DNA devoid of antibiotic resistance sequence. Sonoporation parameters, such as insonation time, acoustic pressure and duration of plasmid injection were controlled under ultrasound imaging guidance. The optimization of these various parameters was performed by bioluminescence optical imaging of luciferase reporter gene expression in the liver. Mice were injected with 50μg pFAR4-LUC either alone, or complexed with positively charged microbubbles, or co-injected with neutral MicroMarker™ microbubbles, followed by low ultrasound energy application to the liver. Injection of the pFAR4 encoding luciferase alone led to a transient transgene expression that lasted only for two days. The significant luciferase signal obtained with neutral microbubbles decreased over 2days and reached a plateau with a level around 1 log above the signal obtained with pFAR4 alone. With the newly designed positively charged microbubbles, we obtained a much stronger bioluminescence signal which increased over 2days. The 12-fold difference (p<0.05) between MicroMarker™ and our positively charged microbubbles was maintained over a period of 6months. Noteworthy, the positively charged microbubbles led to an improvement of 180-fold (p<0.001) as regard to free pDNA using unfocused ultrasound performed at clinically tolerated ultrasound amplitude. Transient liver damage was observed when using the cationic microbubble-pFAR4 complexes and the optimized sonoporation parameters. Immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to determine the nature of cells transfected. The pFAR4 miniplasmid complexed with cationic microbubbles allowed to transfect mostly hepatocytes compared to its co-injection with MicroMarker™ which transfected more preferentially endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Manta
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Anthony Delalande
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire and Université d'Orléans, UPR 4301, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Couture
- Institut Langevin - Ondes et Images, ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR7587, INSERM U979, 1, rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Isabelle Lagoutte
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Franck Lager
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Pascal Houzé
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire and Université d'Orléans, UPR 4301, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Michel Bessodes
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Michel-Francis Bureau
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Marie
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire and Université d'Orléans, UPR 4301, F-45071 Orléans, France.
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), F-75005 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France
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Leborgne C, Alimi-Guez D, El Shafey N, van Wittenberghe L, Bigey P, Scherman D, Kichler A. The absorption enhancer sodium deoxycholate promotes high gene transfer in skeletal muscles. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:291-299. [PMID: 28315384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery to skeletal muscle is a promising strategy for the treatment of muscle disorders and for the systemic secretion of therapeutic proteins. In addition, muscle is an attractive target tissue because it is easily accessible. However, very few synthetic vectors proved capable of surpassing naked DNA mediated muscle gene transfer. In fact, only neutral copolymers, in particular poloxamers, demonstrated capacities to increase transgene expression in skeletal muscles. Here, we studied in vitro and in vivo behaviour of different bile salts. We report that sodium deoxycholate (DOC) and derivatives thereof increase after intramuscular injection by more than 100-fold the levels of the reporter gene luciferase compared to naked DNA. Using a LacZ expression cassette, we found that more than 20% of the muscle fibers expressed the reporter gene. Prolonged expression of a secreted reporter gene derived from a natural murine alkaline phosphatase enzyme could be documented. Altogether, our results demonstrate that bile salts belong to the most efficient chemicals identified so far for skeletal muscle gene transfer. Importantly, since these compounds are naturally found in the body, there is no risk of immune response against them and in addition several bile salts are already used in human medicine. Bile salt mediated muscle gene transfer may thus have broad applications in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nelly El Shafey
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, CNRS UMR8258 - Inserm U1022 - Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - Pascal Bigey
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, CNRS UMR8258 - Inserm U1022 - Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Genethon, BP60, 91002 Evry cedex, France; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, CNRS UMR8258 - Inserm U1022 - Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Kichler
- Genethon, BP60, 91002 Evry cedex, France; Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, CNRS UMR8258 - Inserm U1022 - Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France; Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives UMR7199 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, LabEx Medalis, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France.
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32
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Thumann G, Harmening N, Prat-Souteyrand C, Marie C, Pastor M, Sebe A, Miskey C, Hurst LD, Diarra S, Kropp M, Walter P, Scherman D, Ivics Z, Izsvák Z, Johnen S. Engineering of PEDF-Expressing Primary Pigment Epithelial Cells by the SB Transposon System Delivered by pFAR4 Plasmids. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2017; 6:302-314. [PMID: 28325297 PMCID: PMC5363513 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD) is characterized by choroidal blood vessels growing into the subretinal space, leading to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell degeneration and vision loss. Vessel growth results from an imbalance of pro-angiogenic (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]) and anti-angiogenic factors (e.g., pigment epithelium-derived factor [PEDF]). Current treatment using intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF antibodies improves vision in about 30% of patients but may be accompanied by side effects and non-compliance. To avoid the difficulties posed by frequent intravitreal injections, we have proposed the transplantation of pigment epithelial cells modified to overexpress human PEDF. Stable transgene integration and expression is ensured by the hyperactive Sleeping Beauty transposon system delivered by pFAR4 miniplasmids, which have a backbone free of antibiotic resistance markers. We demonstrated efficient expression of the PEDF gene and an optimized PEDF cDNA sequence in as few as 5 × 103 primary cells. At 3 weeks post-transfection, PEDF secretion was significantly elevated and long-term follow-up indicated a more stable secretion by cells transfected with the optimized PEDF transgene. Analysis of transgene insertion sites in human RPE cells showed an almost random genomic distribution. The results represent an important contribution toward a clinical trial aiming at a non-viral gene therapy of nvAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Thumann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Nina Harmening
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Corinne Marie
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé UMR 8258, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, 75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marie Pastor
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé UMR 8258, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, 75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Attila Sebe
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Csaba Miskey
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Laurence D Hurst
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, UK
| | - Sabine Diarra
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Kropp
- Laboratory of Ophthalmology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Scherman
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé UMR 8258, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, 75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, 75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Zoltán Ivics
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Johnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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33
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Scherman D, Rousseau A, Bigey P, Escriou V. Genetic pharmacology: progresses in siRNA delivery and therapeutic applications. Gene Ther 2017; 24:151-156. [PMID: 28121307 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the RNA interference process, the catalytic degradation of an endogenous mRNA results from the Watson-Crick complementary recognition by either a small silencing synthetic double-stranded ribonucleotide (siRNA) or by a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) produced in the cell by transcription from a DNA template. This interference process ideally results in an exquisitely specific mRNA suppression. The present review is dedicated to siRNAs. It describes the mechanism of RNA silencing and the main siRNA delivery techniques, with a focus on siRNA self-complexing to cationic lipids to form nanoparticles, which are called lipoplexes. The addition to lipoplexes of an anionic polymer leads to the ternary formulation APIRL (Anionic-Polymer-Interfering-RNA-Lipoplexes) with increased in vivo stability and biological efficacy. In terms of clinical development, the review focuses on therapeutic applications by intravenous delivery to the liver and inflammatory joints, and to localized siRNA delivery to the ocular sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Scherman
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), Paris, France.,INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France, 4,avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
| | - A Rousseau
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), Paris, France.,INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France, 4,avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
| | - P Bigey
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), Paris, France.,INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France, 4,avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
| | - V Escriou
- CNRS, UTCBS UMR 8258, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, UTCBS, Paris, France.,Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), Paris, France.,INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France, 4,avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
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34
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35
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Pizzuto M, Gangloff M, Scherman D, Gay NJ, Escriou V, Ruysschaert JM, Lonez C. Toll-like receptor 2 promiscuity is responsible for the immunostimulatory activity of nucleic acid nanocarriers. J Control Release 2016; 247:182-193. [PMID: 28040465 PMCID: PMC5312493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolyamines (LPAs) are cationic lipids; they interact spontaneously with nucleic acids to form lipoplexes used for gene delivery. The main hurdle to using lipoplexes in gene therapy lies in their immunostimulatory properties, so far attributed to the nucleic acid cargo, while cationic lipids were considered as inert to the immune system. Here we demonstrate for the first time that di-C18 LPAs trigger pro-inflammatory responses through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation, and this whether they are bound to nucleic acids or not. Molecular docking experiments suggest potential TLR2 binding modes reminiscent of bacterial lipopeptide sensing. The di-C18 LPAs share the ability of burying their lipid chains in the hydrophobic cavity of TLR2 and, in some cases, TLR1, at the vicinity of the dimerization interface; the cationic headgroups form multiple hydrogen bonds, thus crosslinking TLRs into functional complexes. Unravelling the molecular basis of TLR1 and TLR6-driven heterodimerization upon LPA binding underlines the highly collaborative and promiscuous ligand binding mechanism. The prevalence of non-specific main chain-mediated interactions demonstrates that potentially any saturated LPA currently used or proposed as transfection agent is likely to activate TLR2 during transfection. Hence our study emphasizes the urgent need to test the inflammatory properties of transfection agents and proposes the use of docking analysis as a preliminary screening tool for the synthesis of new non-immunostimulatory nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Pizzuto
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Monique Gangloff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Daniel Scherman
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicholas J Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Virginie Escriou
- CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258, F-75006 Paris, France; INSERM, UTCBS U 1022, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité University, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France; Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, UTCBS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Ruysschaert
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Lonez
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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36
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Lécuyer T, Teston E, Ramirez-Garcia G, Maldiney T, Viana B, Seguin J, Mignet N, Scherman D, Richard C. Chemically engineered persistent luminescence nanoprobes for bioimaging. Theranostics 2016; 6:2488-2524. [PMID: 27877248 PMCID: PMC5118608 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging nanoprobes are a group of nanosized agents developed for providing improved contrast for bioimaging. Among various imaging probes, optical sensors capable of following biological events or progresses at the cellular and molecular levels are actually actively developed for early detection, accurate diagnosis, and monitoring of the treatment of diseases. The optical activities of nanoprobes can be tuned on demand by chemists by engineering their composition, size and surface nature. This review will focus on researches devoted to the conception of nanoprobes with particular optical properties, called persistent luminescence, and their use as new powerful bioimaging agents in preclinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lécuyer
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Eliott Teston
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gonzalo Ramirez-Garcia
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Maldiney
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Viana
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie-Paris, CNRS UMR 8247, Chimie-ParisTech, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Richard
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France
- Chimie-ParisTech, PSL, 75005 Paris, France
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Pham MH, Auzeil N, Regazzetti A, Scherman D, Seguin J, Mignet N, Dauzonne D, Chabot GG. Metabolism of Flavone-8-acetic Acid in Mice. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:3889-3898. [PMID: 27466491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Flavone-8-acetic acid (FAA) is a potent antivascular agent in mice but not in humans. Assuming that FAA was bioactivated in mice, we previously demonstrated that 6-OH-FAA was formed from FAA by mouse microsomes but not by human microsomes; its antivascular activity was 2.1- to 15.9-fold stronger than that of FAA, and its antivascular activity was mediated through the Ras homolog gene family (Rho) protein kinase A (RhoA) pathway. The present work aimed to study FAA metabolism in order to verify if 6-OH-FAA is formed in mice. Using synthesized standards and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, we herein demonstrated, for the first time, that in vitro FAA and its monohydroxylated derivatives could directly undergo phase II metabolism forming glucuronides, and two FAA epoxides were mostly scavenged by NAC and GSH forming corresponding adducts. FAA was metabolized in mice. Several metabolites were formed, in particular 6-OHFAA. The antitumor activity of 6-OH-FAA in vivo is worthy of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Hien Pham
- Chemical, Genetic and Imaging Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chimie ParisTech, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1022, CNRS UMR8151, Paris, France Medical Oncology and Cellular Therapy Department, Tenon Hospital, Public Assistance Hospitals of Paris, Alliance for Cancer Research, Paris, France Laboratory of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Platform for Peptidomic, Metabolomic and Drug Measurements, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- Platform of Mass spectrometry, Faculty of Pharmacy (IFR 71), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Anne Regazzetti
- Platform of Mass spectrometry, Faculty of Pharmacy (IFR 71), University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Chemical, Genetic and Imaging Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chimie ParisTech, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1022, CNRS UMR8151, Paris, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- Chemical, Genetic and Imaging Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chimie ParisTech, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1022, CNRS UMR8151, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Chemical, Genetic and Imaging Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chimie ParisTech, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1022, CNRS UMR8151, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Dauzonne
- Department of Research, Institute Curie, CNRS UMR3666, INSERM U1143, Paris, France
| | - Guy G Chabot
- Chemical, Genetic and Imaging Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chimie ParisTech, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1022, CNRS UMR8151, Paris, France
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38
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Kalhor-Monfared S, Beauvineau C, Scherman D, Girard C. Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of aryl triazolic derivatives and their hydroxymethine homologues against B16 melanoma cell line. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 122:436-441. [PMID: 27404558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript we describe synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of some triazolic derivatives against B16 melanoma cell line. For this purpose, we transformed a set of aromatic aldehydes into terminal alkynes, using Besthmann-Ohira reagent, and we made the corresponding hydroxymethyl homologated alkynes by an acetylene Grignard reagent. These generated two sets of alkynes were then subjected to a copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) using a solid-supported catalyst (Amberlyst A-21 CuI), with a third set composed of organic azides. Synthesized triazoles were then tested in vitro against B16 melanoma cell line. Amongst them, compounds a1b1 (R(1) = p-nitrophenyl, R(2) = benzyl), a4b1 (R(1) = naphthyl, R(2) = benzyl) and a4b5 (R(1) = naphthyl, R(2) = (R/S)- dioxolane) showed the best activity against B16 melanoma cells, with IC50 of 5.12, 3.89 and 6.60 μM respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Kalhor-Monfared
- CNRS UMR8258, INSERM U1022, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Equipe SEISAD, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris (Chimie ParisTech), PSL Research University, 11 rue Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Claire Beauvineau
- CNRS UMR8258, INSERM U1022, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Equipe SEISAD, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris (Chimie ParisTech), PSL Research University, 11 rue Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- CNRS UMR8258, INSERM U1022, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Christian Girard
- CNRS UMR8258, INSERM U1022, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Equipe SEISAD, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris (Chimie ParisTech), PSL Research University, 11 rue Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris, 75005, France.
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39
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El Shafey N, Guesnon M, Simon F, Deprez E, Cosette J, Stockholm D, Scherman D, Bigey P, Kichler A. Inhibition of the myostatin/Smad signaling pathway by short decorin-derived peptides. Exp Cell Res 2016; 341:187-95. [PMID: 26844629 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin, also known as growth differentiation factor 8, is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily that has been shown to play a key role in the regulation of the skeletal muscle mass. Indeed, while myostatin deletion or loss of function induces muscle hypertrophy, its overexpression or systemic administration causes muscle atrophy. Since myostatin blockade is effective in increasing skeletal muscle mass, myostatin inhibitors have been actively sought after. Decorin, a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family is a metalloprotein that was previously shown to bind and inactivate myostatin in a zinc-dependent manner. Furthermore, the myostatin-binding site has been shown to be located in the decorin N-terminal domain. In the present study, we investigated the anti-myostatin activity of short and soluble fragments of decorin. Our results indicate that the murine decorin peptides DCN48-71 and 42-65 are sufficient for inactivating myostatin in vitro. Moreover, we show that the interaction of mDCN48-71 to myostatin is strictly zinc-dependent. Binding of myostatin to activin type II receptor results in the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Addition of the decorin peptide 48-71 decreased in a dose-dependent manner the myostatin-induced phosphorylation of Smad2 demonstrating thereby that the peptide inhibits the activation of the Smad signaling pathway. Finally, we found that mDCN48-71 displays a specificity towards myostatin, since it does not inhibit other members of the transforming growth factor-beta family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly El Shafey
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, CNRS UMR8258-Inserm, U1022 - Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Guesnon
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, CNRS UMR8258-Inserm, U1022 - Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Simon
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, ENS Cachan, UMR8113 CNRS, IDA FR3242, 94230 Cachan, France
| | - Eric Deprez
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, ENS Cachan, UMR8113 CNRS, IDA FR3242, 94230 Cachan, France
| | - Jérémie Cosette
- Inserm, UMR 951, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Genethon, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Daniel Stockholm
- Inserm, UMR 951, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Genethon, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, CNRS UMR8258-Inserm, U1022 - Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Bigey
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, CNRS UMR8258-Inserm, U1022 - Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Kichler
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, CNRS UMR8258-Inserm, U1022 - Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France; Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives UMR7199 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, LabEx Medalis, Faculté de Pharmacie, 67401 Illkirch, France.
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Manta S, Delalande A, Bessodes M, Bureau MF, Scherman D, Pichon C, Mignet N. Characterization of Positively Charged Lipid Shell Microbubbles with Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS) Method: A Technical Note. Ultrasound Med Biol 2016; 42:624-630. [PMID: 26653937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles are polydisperse microparticles. Their size distribution cannot be accurately measured from the current methods used, such as optical microscopy, electrical sensing or light scattering. Indeed, these techniques present some limitations when applied to microbubbles, which prompted us to investigate the use of an alternative technique: tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). This technique is based on the principle of the Coulter counter with the advantage of being more flexible compared to other methods using this principle, since the flow rate, the potential difference and the pore size can be modulated. The main limitation of TRPS is that more than one size of nanopore membrane is required to obtain the full size distribution of polydisperse microparticles. To evaluate this technique, the concentration and the size distribution of positively charged microbubbles were studied using TRPS and compared to data obtained using optical microscopy. We describe herein the parameters required for the accurate measurement of microbubble concentration and size distribution by TRPS and present a statistical comparison of the data obtained by TRPS and optical microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Manta
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Team vectors for molecular imaging and targeted therapy, CNRS UTCBS UMR8258, INSERM UTCBS U1022, Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Delalande
- Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Michel Bessodes
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Team vectors for molecular imaging and targeted therapy, CNRS UTCBS UMR8258, INSERM UTCBS U1022, Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Michel Francis Bureau
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Team vectors for molecular imaging and targeted therapy, CNRS UTCBS UMR8258, INSERM UTCBS U1022, Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Team vectors for molecular imaging and targeted therapy, CNRS UTCBS UMR8258, INSERM UTCBS U1022, Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Team vectors for molecular imaging and targeted therapy, CNRS UTCBS UMR8258, INSERM UTCBS U1022, Chimie ParisTech, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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41
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Zeng N, Mignet N, Dumortier G, Olivier E, Seguin J, Maury M, Scherman D, Rat P, Boudy V. Poloxamer bioadhesive hydrogel for buccal drug delivery: Cytotoxicity and trans-epithelial permeability evaluations using TR146 human buccal epithelial cell line. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:1028-37. [PMID: 26403384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A salbutamol sulfate (SS)-Poloxamer bioadhesive hydrogel specially developed for buccal administration was investigated by studying interactions with TR146 human buccal epithelium cells (i.e. cellular toxicity (i) and trans-epithelial SS diffusion (ii)). The assessment of cell viability (MTT, Alamar Blue), membrane integrity (Neutral Red), and apoptosis assay (Hoechst 33342), were performed and associated to Digital Holographic Microscopy analysis. After the treatment of 2h, SS solution induced drastic cellular alterations that were prevented by hydrogels in relation with the concentrations of poloxamer and xanthan gum. The formulation containing P407 19%/P188 1%/Satiaxane 0.1% showed the best tolerance after single and multiple administrations and significantly reduced the trans-epithelial permeability from 5.00±0.29 (×10(3)) (SS solution) to 1.83±0.22 cm/h. Digital Holographic Microscopy images in good agreement with the viability data confirmed the great interest of this direct technique. In conclusion, the proposed hydrogels represent a safe and efficient buccal drug delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zeng
- CNRS UMR 8258-Inserm U1022, Paris Descartes University, Chimie-Paris Tech, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France; Unither Pharmaceuticals-Unither Développement Bordeaux, ZA Tech Espace, Av. Toussaint Catros, F-33185 Le Haillan, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- CNRS UMR 8258-Inserm U1022, Paris Descartes University, Chimie-Paris Tech, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Dumortier
- CNRS UMR 8258-Inserm U1022, Paris Descartes University, Chimie-Paris Tech, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Elodie Olivier
- UMR 8638CNRS COMETE, Paris Descartes University, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- CNRS UMR 8258-Inserm U1022, Paris Descartes University, Chimie-Paris Tech, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Marc Maury
- Unither Pharmaceuticals-Unither Développement Bordeaux, ZA Tech Espace, Av. Toussaint Catros, F-33185 Le Haillan, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- CNRS UMR 8258-Inserm U1022, Paris Descartes University, Chimie-Paris Tech, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Patrice Rat
- UMR 8638CNRS COMETE, Paris Descartes University, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Boudy
- CNRS UMR 8258-Inserm U1022, Paris Descartes University, Chimie-Paris Tech, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France; Mise au point galénique, Agence Générale des Equipements et des Produits de Santé (AGEPS), AP-HP, 7, rue du fer à moulin, F-75005 Paris, France.
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Córdova G, Rochard A, Riquelme-Guzmán C, Cofré C, Scherman D, Bigey P, Brandan E. SMAD3 and SP1/SP3 Transcription Factors Collaborate to Regulate Connective Tissue Growth Factor Gene Expression in Myoblasts in Response to Transforming Growth Factor β. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1880-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Córdova
- Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Patología; Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología (CRCP); Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Unité de Technologie Chimique et Biologique pour la Santé; CNRS, UMR8258; Paris F-75006 France
- INSERM U1022; Université Paris Descartes; ENSCP Chimie-ParisTech; Paris France
| | - Alice Rochard
- Unité de Technologie Chimique et Biologique pour la Santé; CNRS, UMR8258; Paris F-75006 France
- INSERM U1022; Université Paris Descartes; ENSCP Chimie-ParisTech; Paris France
| | - Camilo Riquelme-Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Patología; Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología (CRCP); Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Catalina Cofré
- Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Patología; Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología (CRCP); Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Unité de Technologie Chimique et Biologique pour la Santé; CNRS, UMR8258; Paris F-75006 France
- INSERM U1022; Université Paris Descartes; ENSCP Chimie-ParisTech; Paris France
| | - Pascal Bigey
- Unité de Technologie Chimique et Biologique pour la Santé; CNRS, UMR8258; Paris F-75006 France
- INSERM U1022; Université Paris Descartes; ENSCP Chimie-ParisTech; Paris France
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Laboratorio de Diferenciación Celular y Patología; Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología (CRCP); Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
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Teston E, Lalatonne Y, Elgrabli D, Autret G, Motte L, Gazeau F, Scherman D, Clément O, Richard C, Maldiney T. Design, Properties, and In Vivo Behavior of Super-paramagnetic Persistent Luminescence Nanohybrids. Small 2015; 11:2696-704. [PMID: 25653090 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
With the fast development of noninvasive diagnosis, the design of multimodal imaging probes has become a promising challenge. If many monofunctional nanocarriers have already proven their efficiency, only few multifunctional nanoprobes have been able to combine the advantages of diverse imaging modalities. An innovative nanoprobe called mesoporous persistent luminescence magnetic nanohybrids (MPNHs) is described that shows both optical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) properties intended for in vivo multimodal imaging in small animals. MPNHs are based on the assembly of chromium-doped zinc gallate oxide and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles embedded in a mesoporous silica shell. MPNHs combine the optical advantages of persistent luminescence, such as real time imaging with highly sensitive and photostable detection, and MRI negative contrast properties that ensure in vivo imaging with rather high spatial resolution. In addition to their imaging capabilities, these MPNHs can be motioned in vitro with a magnet, which opens multiple perspectives in magnetic vectorization and cell therapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Teston
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75270, cedex, France
- Chimie Paristech, Paris, F-75231, cedex, France
| | - Yoann Lalatonne
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), UMR 7244 CNRS, Université Paris, Bobigny, 93017, France
| | - Dan Elgrabli
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, 75205, cedex, France
| | - Gwennhael Autret
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Imagerie, EA 4062, Inserm U 970 ou 494, Equipe 2, PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Laurence Motte
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures, Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques (CSPBAT), UMR 7244 CNRS, Université Paris, Bobigny, 93017, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, 75205, cedex, France
| | - Daniel Scherman
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75270, cedex, France
- Chimie Paristech, Paris, F-75231, cedex, France
| | - Olivier Clément
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Imagerie, EA 4062, Inserm U 970 ou 494, Equipe 2, PARCC, Université Paris Descartes, Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Cyrille Richard
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75270, cedex, France
- Chimie Paristech, Paris, F-75231, cedex, France
| | - Thomas Maldiney
- Unité des Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), UMR 8258 CNRS, U 1022 Inserm, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, F-75270, cedex, France
- Chimie Paristech, Paris, F-75231, cedex, France
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Pastor M, Johnen S, Quiviger M, Izsvak Z, Scherman D, Thumann G, Marie C. 572. Antibiotic-Free Nonviral pFAR4 Vector Displays Efficient Transgene Delivery in Mouse and Human Cells. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)34181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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45
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Marimani MD, Ely A, Buff MCR, Bernhardt S, Engels JW, Scherman D, Escriou V, Arbuthnot P. Inhibition of replication of hepatitis B virus in transgenic mice following administration of hepatotropic lipoplexes containing guanidinopropyl-modified siRNAs. J Control Release 2015; 209:198-206. [PMID: 25937322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) occurs commonly and complications that arise from persistence of the virus are associated with high mortality. Available licensed drugs have modest curative efficacy and advancing new therapeutic strategies to eliminate the virus is therefore a priority. HBV is susceptible to inactivation by exogenous gene silencers that harness RNA interference (RNAi) and the approach has therapeutic potential. To advance RNAi-based treatment for HBV infection, use in vivo of hepatotropic lipoplexes containing siRNAs with guanidinopropyl (GP) modifications is reported here. Lipoplexes contained polyglutamate, which has previously been shown to facilitate formulation and improve efficiency of the non-viral vectors. GP moieties were included in a previously described anti-HBV siRNA that effectively targeted the conserved viral X sequence. Particles had physical properties that were suitable for use in vivo: average diameter was approximately 50-200 nm and surface charge (zeta potential) was +65 mV. Efficient hepatotropic delivery of labeled siRNA was observed following systemic intravenous injection of the particles into HBV transgenic mice. Good inhibition of markers of viral replication was observed without evidence of toxicity. Efficacy of the GP-modified siRNAs was significantly more durable and formulations made up with chemically modified siRNAs were less immunostimulatory. An RNAi-mediated mechanism was confirmed by demonstrating that HBV mRNA cleavage occurred in vivo at the intended target site. Collectively these data indicate that GP-modified siRNAs formulated in anionic polymer-containing lipoplexes are effective silencers of HBV replication in vivo and have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa D Marimani
- Wits/SA MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Abdullah Ely
- Wits/SA MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Maximilian C R Buff
- Goethe-University, Institute of Organic Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Bernhardt
- Goethe-University, Institute of Organic Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joachim W Engels
- Goethe-University, Institute of Organic Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Scherman
- UTCBS, CNRS UMR8258, INSERM U1022, Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Escriou
- UTCBS, CNRS UMR8258, INSERM U1022, Université Paris Descartes, Chimie ParisTech, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Arbuthnot
- Wits/SA MRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, School of Pathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa.
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Maldiney T, Rémond M, Bessodes M, Scherman D, Richard C. Controlling aminosilane layer thickness to extend the plasma half-life of stealth persistent luminescence nanoparticles in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4009-4016. [PMID: 32262622 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutics and diagnostics both initiated the development and rational design of nanoparticles intended for biomedical applications. Yet, the fate of these nanosystems in vivo is hardly manageable and generally results in their rapid uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system, i.e. liver and spleen. To overcome this essential limitation, efforts have been made to understand the influence of physico-chemical parameters on the behaviour of nanoparticles in vivo and on their ability to be uptaken by phagocytic cells. Notably, polyethylene glycol grafting and precise control of its density have not only been shown to prevent protein adsorption on the surface of nanoparticles, but also to significantly reduce macrophage uptake in vitro. In this article, we suggest the use of persistent luminescence to study the influence of another parameter, aminosilane layer thickness, on both in vitro protein adsorption and in vivo biodistribution of stealth persistent nanophosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Maldiney
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR 8258, INSERM U 1022, Paris, F-75270 cedex France
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Hamoudi MC, Henry E, Zerrouk N, Scherman D, Arnaud P, Deprez E, Escriou V. Enhancement of siRNA lipid-based vector stability and siRNA integrity in human serum with addition of anionic polymer adjuvant. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sigward E, Corvis Y, Doan BT, Kindsiko K, Seguin J, Scherman D, Brossard D, Mignet N, Espeau P, Crauste-Manciet S. Preparation and Evaluation of Multiple Nanoemulsions Containing Gadolinium (III) Chelate as a Potential Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agent. Pharm Res 2015; 32:2983-94. [PMID: 25805598 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective was to develop, characterize and assess the potentiality of W1/O/W2 self-emulsifying multiple nanoemulsions to enhance signal/noise ratio for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). METHODS For this purpose, a new formulation, was designed for encapsulation efficiency and stability. Various methods were used to characterize encapsulation efficiency ,in particular calorimetric methods (Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry analysis) and ultrafiltration. MRI in vitro relaxivities were assessed on loaded DTPA-Gd multiple nanoemulsions. RESULTS Characterization of the formulation, in particular of encapsulation efficiency was a challenge due to interactions found with ultrafiltration method. Thanks to the specifically developed DSC protocol, we were able to confirm the formation of multiple nanoemulsions, differentiate loaded from unloaded nanoemulsions and measure the encapsulation efficiency which was found to be quite high with a 68% of drug loaded. Relaxivity studies showed that the self-emulsifying W/O/W nanoemulsions were positive contrast agents, exhibiting higher relaxivities than those of the DTPA-Gd solution taken as a reference. CONCLUSION New self-emulsifying multiple nanoemulsions that were able to load satisfactory amounts of contrasting agent were successfully developed as potential MRI contrasting agents. A specific DSC protocol was needed to be developed to characterize these complex systems as it would be useful to develop these self-formation formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Sigward
- U1022 INSERM, UMR8258 CNRS, Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé, Chimie ParisTech, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbone Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
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Maldiney T, Ballet B, Bessodes M, Scherman D, Richard C. Mesoporous persistent nanophosphors for in vivo optical bioimaging and drug-delivery. Nanoscale 2014; 6:13970-13976. [PMID: 25316201 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Based upon the ambitious idea that one single particle could serve multiple purposes at the same time, the combination and simultaneous use of imaging and therapeutics has lately arisen as one of the most promising prospects among nanotechnologies directed toward biomedical applications. Intended for both therapeutics and diagnostics in vivo, highly complex nanostructures were specifically designed to simultaneously act as optical imaging probes and delivery vehicles. Yet, such multifunctional photonic nanoplatforms usually exploit fluorescence phenomena which require constant excitation light through biological tissues and thus significantly reduce the detection sensitivity due to the autofluorescence from living animals. In order to overcome this critical issue, the present article introduces a novel multifunctional agent based on persistent luminescence mesoporous nanoparticles. Being composed of a hybrid chromium-doped zinc gallate core/mesoporous silica shell architecture, we show that this nanotechnology can be used as an efficient doxorubicin-delivery vehicle presenting a higher cytotoxicity toward U87MG cells than its unloaded counterpart in vitro. In addition, we demonstrate that a persistent luminescence signal from these doxorubicin-loaded mesoporous nanophosphors opens a new way to highly sensitive detection in vivo, giving access to the real-time biodistribution of the carrier without any autofluorescence from the animal tissues. This new persistent luminescence-based hybrid nanotechnology can be easily applied to the delivery of any therapeutic agent, thus constituting a versatile and sensitive optical nanotool dedicated to both therapeutic and diagnostic applications in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Maldiney
- Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS), CNRS UMR 8258, INSERM U 1022, Paris, F-75270 cedex France
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Quiviger M, Arfi A, Mansard D, Delacotte L, Pastor M, Scherman D, Marie C. High and prolonged sulfamidase secretion by the liver of MPS-IIIA mice following hydrodynamic tail vein delivery of antibiotic-free pFAR4 plasmid vector. Gene Ther 2014; 21:1001-7. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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