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Barbiero I, De Rosa R, Kilstrup-Nielsen C. Microtubules: A Key to Understand and Correct Neuronal Defects in CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4075. [PMID: 31438497 PMCID: PMC6747382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a severe neurodevelopmental encephalopathy caused by mutations in the X-linked CDKL5 gene that encodes a serine/threonine kinase. CDD is characterised by the early onset of seizures and impaired cognitive and motor skills. Loss of CDKL5 in vitro and in vivo affects neuronal morphology at early and late stages of maturation, suggesting a link between CDKL5 and the neuronal cytoskeleton. Recently, various microtubule (MT)-binding proteins have been identified as interactors of CDKL5, indicating that its roles converge on regulating MT functioning. MTs are dynamic structures that are important for neuronal morphology, migration and polarity. The delicate control of MT dynamics is fundamental for proper neuronal functions, as evidenced by the fact that aberrant MT dynamics are involved in various neurological disorders. In this review, we highlight the link between CDKL5 and MTs, discussing how CDKL5 deficiency may lead to deranged neuronal functions through aberrant MT dynamics. Finally, we discuss whether the regulation of MT dynamics through microtubule-targeting agents may represent a novel strategy for future pharmacological approaches in the CDD field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Barbiero
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Roberta De Rosa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy
| | - Charlotte Kilstrup-Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, (DBSV), University of Insubria, Via Manara 7, 21052 Busto Arsizio (VA), Italy.
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Overview of novel multifunctional agents based on conjugates of γ-carbolines, carbazoles, tetrahydrocarbazoles, phenothiazines, and aminoadamantanes for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 308:224-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Best RL, LaPointe NE, Liang J, Ruan K, Shade MF, Wilson L, Feinstein SC. Tau isoform-specific stabilization of intermediate states during microtubule assembly and disassembly. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12265-12280. [PMID: 31266806 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT)-associated protein tau regulates the critical growing and shortening behaviors of MTs, and its normal activity is essential for neuronal development and maintenance. Accordingly, aberrant tau action is tightly associated with Alzheimer's disease and is genetically linked to several additional neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies. Although tau is known to promote net MT growth and stability, the precise mechanistic details governing its regulation of MT dynamics remain unclear. Here, we have used the slowly-hydrolyzable GTP analog, guanylyl-(α,β)-methylene-diphosphonate (GMPCPP), to examine the structural effects of tau at MT ends that may otherwise be too transient to observe. The addition of both four-repeat (4R) and three-repeat (3R) tau isoforms to pre-formed GMPCPP MTs resulted in the formation of extended, multiprotofilament-wide projections at MT ends. Furthermore, at temperatures too low for assembly of bona fide MTs, both tau isoforms promoted the formation of long spiral ribbons from GMPCPP tubulin heterodimers. In addition, GMPCPP MTs undergoing cold-induced disassembly in the presence of 4R tau (and to a much lesser extent 3R tau) also formed spirals. Finally, three pathological tau mutations known to cause neurodegeneration and dementia were differentially compromised in their abilities to stabilize MT disassembly intermediates. Taken together, we propose that tau promotes the formation/stabilization of intermediate states in MT assembly and disassembly by promoting both longitudinal and lateral tubulin-tubulin contacts. We hypothesize that these activities represent fundamental aspects of tau action that normally occur at the GTP-rich ends of GTP/GDP MTs and that may be compromised in neurodegeneration-causing tau variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Best
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Nichole E LaPointe
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Jiahao Liang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Kevin Ruan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Madeleine F Shade
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Leslie Wilson
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Stuart C Feinstein
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106.
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55
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Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2F (Hsp27 mutations): A review. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104505. [PMID: 31212070 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a commonly inherited form of neuropathy. Although named over 100 years ago, identification of subtypes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth has rapidly expanded in the preceding decades with the advancement of genetic sequencing, including type 2F (CMT2F), due to mutations in heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27). However, despite CMT being one of the most common inherited neurological diseases, definitive mechanistic models of pathology and effective treatments for CMT2F are lacking. This review extensively profiles the published literature on CMT2F and distal hereditary motor neuropathy II (dHMN II), a similar neuropathy with exclusively motor symptoms that is also due to mutations in Hsp27. This includes a review of case reports and sequencing studies detailing disease course. Included are tables listing of all known published mutations of Hsp27 that cause symptoms of CMT2F and dHMN II. Furthermore, pathological mechanisms are assessed. While many groups have established pathologies relating to defective chaperone function, cellular neurofilament and microtubule structure and function, and mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction, there are still discrepancies in results between different model systems. Moreover, initial mouse models have also produced promising results with similar phenotypes to humans, however discrepancies still exist. Both patient-focused and scientific studies have demonstrated variability in phenotypes even considering specific mutations. Given the clinical heterogeneity in presentation, CMT2F and dHMN II likely result from similar pathological mechanisms of the same general disease process that may present distinctly due to other genetic and environment influences. Determining how these influences exert their effects to produce pathology contributing to the disease phenotype will be a major future challenge ahead in the field.
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56
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Lamberts JT, Brundin P. Axonal transport dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: the "holy grail" for developing disease modifying therapies? Neurobiol Dis 2019; 105:271-272. [PMID: 28734388 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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57
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Wu F, Xu K, Liu L, Zhang K, Xia L, Zhang M, Teng C, Tong H, He Y, Xue Y, Zhang H, Chen D, Hu A. Vitamin B 12 Enhances Nerve Repair and Improves Functional Recovery After Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting ER Stress-Induced Neuron Injury. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:406. [PMID: 31105562 PMCID: PMC6491933 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of neurological damage in young human populations. Vitamin B12 has been reported to promote axon growth of neuronal cells after peripheral nerve injury, which is currently used for the treatment of peripheral nerve damage in the clinical trial. Thus, we hypothesized that TBI can be attenuated by vitaminB12 treatment through its beneficial role on axon regeneration after nerve injury. To confirm it, the biological function of vitaminB12 was characterized using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry staining. The results showed that the neurological functional recovery was improved in the VitaminB12-treated group after TBI, which may be due to downregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis signaling pathway. Moreover, the microtubule stabilization, remyelination and myelin reparation were rescued by vitamin B12, which was consistent with the treatment of 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor. The study suggests that vitamin B12 may be useful as a novel neuroprotective drug for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kairui Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Leilei Xia
- Department of Emergency, Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenhuai Teng
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Heyan Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yujie Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aiping Hu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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58
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Field JJ, Singh AJ, Sinha S, Rowe MR, Denny WA, Brooke DG, Miller JH. Synthesis and Microtubule-Destabilizing Activity of N-Cyclopropyl-4-((3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)sulfonyl)benzamide and its Analogs. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1151-1157. [PMID: 30311418 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
While clinically useful, microtubule-targeting agents are limited by factors that include their susceptibility to multidrug resistance. A series of aryl sulfonamides, terminally substituted with an amide or carboxylic acid, was synthesized and assayed for biological activity in two human cancer cell lines. The resulting antiproliferative activity data demonstrated that an amide was superior to a carboxylic acid in the para position. The most potent compound (3) had an IC50 for growth inhibition in the low micromolar range, caused cells to accumulate in G2 M of the cell cycle, and led to depolymerization of microtubules. It was also not susceptible to the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump that underpins the resistance of cells to long-term drug treatment schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Field
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - A Jonathan Singh
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Matthew R Rowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darby G Brooke
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax St East, The Wood, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - John H Miller
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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59
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Chiaradia E, Renzone G, Scaloni A, Caputo M, Costanzi E, Gambelunghe A, Muzi G, Avellini L, Emiliani C, Buratta S. Protein carbonylation in dopaminergic cells exposed to rotenone. Toxicol Lett 2019; 309:20-32. [PMID: 30951809 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone is an environmental neurotoxin that induces degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and the most common features of Parkinson's disease in animal models. It acts as a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that impairs cellular respiration, with consequent increase of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. This study evaluates the rotenone-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells, focusing particularly on protein oxidation. The identification of specific carbonylated proteins highlighted putative alterations of important cellular processes possibly associated with Parkinson's disease. Carbonylation of ATP synthase and of enzymes acting in pyruvate and glucose metabolism suggested a failure of mechanisms ensuring cellular energy supply. Concomitant oxidation of cytoskeletal proteins and of enzymes involved in the synthesis of neuroactive molecules indicated alterations of the neurotransmission system. Carbonylation of chaperon proteins as well as of proteins acting in the autophagy-lysosome pathway and the ubiquitin-proteasome system suggested the possible formation of cytosolic unfolded protein inclusions as result of defective processes assisting recovery/degradation of damaged molecules. In conclusion, this study originally evidences specific protein targets of rotenone-induced oxidative damage, suggesting some possible molecular mechanisms involved in rotenone toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Mara Caputo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Eva Costanzi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Muzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Avellini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; CEMIN-Center of Excellence for Innovative Nanostructured Material, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sandra Buratta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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60
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Screening of a neuronal cell model of tau pathology for therapeutic compounds. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 76:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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61
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Premature polyadenylation-mediated loss of stathmin-2 is a hallmark of TDP-43-dependent neurodegeneration. Nat Neurosci 2019; 22:180-190. [PMID: 30643298 PMCID: PMC6348009 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are associated with loss of nuclear TDP-43. Here we identify that TDP-43 regulates expression of the neuronal growth-associated factor stathmin-2. Lowered TDP-43 levels, which reduce its binding to sites within the first intron of stathmin-2 pre-mRNA, uncover a cryptic polyadenylation site whose utilization produces a truncated, non-functional mRNA. Reduced stathmin-2 expression is found in neurons trans-differentiated from patient fibroblasts expressing an ALS-causing TDP-43 mutation, in motor cortex and spinal motor neurons from sporadic ALS patients and familial ALS patients with expansion in C9orf72, and in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons depleted of TDP-43. Remarkably, while reduction in TDP-43 is shown to inhibit axonal regeneration of iPSC-derived motor neurons, rescue of stathmin-2 expression restores axonal regenerative capacity. Thus, premature polyadenylation-mediated reduction in stathmin-2 is a hallmark of ALS/FTD that functionally links reduced nuclear TDP-43 function to enhanced neuronal vulnerability.
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62
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Oukoloff K, Lucero B, Francisco KR, Brunden KR, Ballatore C. 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:332-346. [PMID: 30703745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (TP) heterocycle, in spite of its relatively simple structure, has proved to be remarkably versatile as evidenced by its use in many different applications reported over the years in different areas of drug design. For example, as the ring system of TPs is isoelectronic with that of purines, this heterocycle has been proposed as a possible surrogate of the purine ring. However, depending on the choice of substituents, the TP ring has also been described as a potentially viable bio-isostere of the carboxylic acid functional group and of the N-acetyl fragment of ε-N-acetylated lysine. In addition, the metal-chelating properties of the TP ring have also been exploited to generate candidate treatments for cancer and parasitic diseases. In the present review article, we discuss recent applications of the TP scaffold in medicinal chemistry, and provide an overview of its properties and methods of synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bobby Lucero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Karol R Francisco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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63
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Zhang B, Yao Y, Cornec AS, Oukoloff K, James MJ, Koivula P, Trojanowski JQ, Smith AB, Lee VMY, Ballatore C, Brunden KR. A brain-penetrant triazolopyrimidine enhances microtubule-stability, reduces axonal dysfunction and decreases tau pathology in a mouse tauopathy model. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:59. [PMID: 30404654 PMCID: PMC6223064 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies are neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by the presence of insoluble inclusions of the protein tau within brain neurons and often glia. Tau is normally found associated with axonal microtubules (MTs) in the brain, and in tauopathies this MT binding is diminished due to tau hyperphosphorylation. As MTs play a critical role in the movement of cellular constituents within neurons via axonal transport, it is likely that the dissociation of tau from MTs alters MT structure and axonal transport, and there is evidence of this in tauopathy mouse models as well as in AD brain. We previously demonstrated that different natural products which stabilize MTs by interacting with β-tubulin at the taxane binding site provide significant benefit in transgenic mouse models of tauopathy. More recently, we have reported on a series of MT-stabilizing triazolopyrimidines (TPDs), which interact with β-tubulin at the vinblastine binding site, that exhibit favorable properties including brain penetration and oral bioavailability. Here, we have examined a prototype TPD example, CNDR-51657, in a secondary prevention study utilizing aged tau transgenic mice. METHODS 9-Month old female PS19 mice with a low amount of existing tau pathology received twice-weekly administration of vehicle, or 3 or 10 mg/kg of CNDR-51657, for 3 months. Mice were examined in the Barnes maze at the end of the dosing period, and brain tissue and optic nerves were examined immunohistochemically or biochemically for changes in MT density, axonal dystrophy, and tau pathology. Mice were also assessed for changes in organ weights and blood cell numbers. RESULTS CNDR-51657 caused a significant amelioration of the MT deficit and axonal dystrophy observed in vehicle-treated aged PS19 mice. Moreover, PS19 mice receiving CNDR-51657 had significantly lower tau pathology, with a trend toward improved Barnes maze performance. Importantly, no adverse effects were observed in the compound-treated mice, including no change in white blood cell counts as is often observed in cancer patients receiving high doses of MT-stabilizing drugs. CONCLUSIONS A brain-penetrant MT-stabilizing TPD can safely correct MT and axonal deficits in an established mouse model of tauopathy, resulting in reduced tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael J James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pyry Koivula
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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64
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Solingapuram Sai KK, Prabhakaran J, Ramanathan G, Rideout S, Whitlow C, Mintz A, Mann JJ, Kumar JSD. Radiosynthesis and Evaluation of [ 11C]HD-800, a High Affinity Brain Penetrant PET Tracer for Imaging Microtubules. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:452-456. [PMID: 29795758 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are highly abundant throughout the cytoskeleton, and their dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of malignancies, various neurodegenerative disorders, and brain injuries. Validated radiotracers reported so far for MTs are [11C]paclitaxel, [18F]fluoropaclitaxel, and [11C]docetaxel; however, they are well-characterized substrates of efflux transporters and consequently have poor uptake into the brain due to minimal blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration. PET imaging of MT expression requires radiolabeled BBB penetrating MT ligands, and it may offer a direct and more sensitive approach for early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and treatment effects in brain diseases and assessing the clinical potential of targeted therapeutics and treatments. We have identified N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-5-dimethylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine (HD-800) as a high affinity and selective colchicine site tubuline inhibitor amenable to radiolabel with C-11, a positron emitting isotope. HD-800 and desmethyl-HD-800 were synthesized in one step with 75% and 80% yields respectively from commercial synthons. The radiosynthesis of [11C]HD-800 was achieved in 45 ± 5% yield at EOS. Ex vivo biodistribution binding data of [11C]HD-800 indicate that the radioligand penetrated the BBB and it was retained in brain with 75% specific binding. Apart from the brain, specific binding was observed in muscle (55%), heart (50%), lungs (43%), blood (37%), and pancreas (30%). MicroPET imaging in mice showed excellent binding in brain that was blocked by preadministration of unlabeled HD-800 and a colchicine site binding MT ligand MPC-6827. The above results indicate that [11C]HD-800 may be a suitable PET ligand for the in vivo quantification of MT inside and outside the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaya Prabhakaran
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Gayathri Ramanathan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Stephanie Rideout
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Christopher Whitlow
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - J. John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - J. S. Dileep Kumar
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States
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65
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He Z, Elbaz A, Gao B, Zhang J, Su E, Gu Z. Disposable Morpho menelaus Based Flexible Microfluidic and Electronic Sensor for the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29345124 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapid early disease prevention or precise diagnosis is almost impossible in low-resource settings. Natural ordered structures in nature have great potential for the development of ultrasensitive biosensors. Here, motivated by the unique structures and extraordinary functionalities of ordered structures in nature, a biosensor based on butterfly wings is presented. In this study, a flexible Morpho menelaus (M. menelaus) based wearable sensor is integrated with a microfluidic system and electronic networks to facilitate the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease (ND). In the microfluidic section, the structural characteristics of the M. menelaus wings up layer are combined with SiO2 nanoparticles to form a heterostructure. The fluorescent enhancement property of the heterostructure is used to increase the fluorescent intensity for multiplex detection of two proteins: IgG and AD7c-NTP. For the electronic section, conductive ink is blade-coated on the under layer of wings for measuring resistance change rate to obtain the frequency of static tremors of ND patients. The disposable M. menelaus based flexible microfluidic and electronic sensor enables biochemical-physiological hybrid monitoring of ND. The sensor is also amenable to a variety of applications, such as comprehensive personal healthcare and human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Abdelrahman Elbaz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Bingbing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Junning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Enben Su
- Getein Biotech; Inc. No.9 Bofu Road, Luhe Distric Nanjing 211505 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing 210096 China
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66
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Kumar JSD, Solingapuram Sai KK, Prabhakaran J, Oufkir HR, Ramanathan G, Whitlow CT, Dileep H, Mintz A, Mann JJ. Radiosynthesis and in Vivo Evaluation of [ 11C]MPC-6827, the First Brain Penetrant Microtubule PET Ligand. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2118-2123. [PMID: 29457976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities of microtubules (MTs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of many CNS diseases. Despite the potential of an MT imaging agents, no PET ligand is currently available for in vivo imaging of MTs in the brain. We radiolabeled [11C]MPC-6827, a high affinity MTA, and demonstrated its specific binding in rat and mice brain using PET imaging. Our experiments show that [11C]MPC-6827 has specific binding to MT in brain, and it is the first MT-binding PET ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Dileep Kumar
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division , New York State Psychiatric Institute , 1051 Riverside Drive , New York , New York 10032 , United States
| | | | - Jaya Prabhakaran
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division , New York State Psychiatric Institute , 1051 Riverside Drive , New York , New York 10032 , United States.,Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York 10032 , United States
| | - Hakeem R Oufkir
- Department of Radiology , Wake Forest Medical Center , Winston Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - Gayathri Ramanathan
- Department of Radiology , Wake Forest Medical Center , Winston Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - Christopher T Whitlow
- Department of Radiology , Wake Forest Medical Center , Winston Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - Hima Dileep
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division , New York State Psychiatric Institute , 1051 Riverside Drive , New York , New York 10032 , United States.,Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York 10032 , United States
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology , Wake Forest Medical Center , Winston Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - J John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division , New York State Psychiatric Institute , 1051 Riverside Drive , New York , New York 10032 , United States.,Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Medical Center , New York , New York 10032 , United States
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67
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Cao YN, Zheng LL, Wang D, Liang XX, Gao F, Zhou XL. Recent advances in microtubule-stabilizing agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:806-828. [PMID: 29223097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Highly dynamic mitotic spindle microtubules are superb therapeutic targets for a group of chemically diverse and clinically successful anticancer drugs. Microtubule-targeted drugs disrupt microtubule dynamics in distinct ways, and they are primarily classified into two groups: microtubule destabilizing agents (MDAs), such as vinblastine, colchicine, and combretastatin-A4, and microtubule stabilizing agents (MSAs), such as paclitaxel and epothilones. Systematic discovery and development of new MSAs have been aided by extensive research on paclitaxel, yielding a large number of promising anticancer compounds. This review focuses on the natural sources, structural features, mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationship (SAR) and chemical synthesis of MSAs. These MSAs mainly include paclitaxel, taccalonolides, epothilones, FR182877 (cyclostreptin), dictyostatin, discodermolide, eleutherobin and sarcodictyins, zampanolide, dactylolide, laulimalides, peloruside and ceratamines from natural sources, as well as small molecular microtubule stabilizers obtained via chemical synthesis. Then we discuss the application prospect and development of these anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Cao
- Agronomy College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Ling-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Xiao-Xia Liang
- Agronomy College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Agronomy College, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
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68
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Yang CPH, Horwitz SB. Taxol ®: The First Microtubule Stabilizing Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081733. [PMID: 28792473 PMCID: PMC5578123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol®, an antitumor drug with significant activity, is the first microtubule stabilizing agent described in the literature. This short review of the mechanism of action of Taxol® emphasizes the research done in the Horwitz’ laboratory. It discusses the contribution of photoaffinity labeled analogues of Taxol® toward our understanding of the binding site of the drug on the microtubule. The importance of hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments to further our insights into the stabilization of microtubules by Taxol® is addressed. The development of drug resistance, a major problem that arises in the clinic, is discussed. Studies describing differential drug binding to distinct β-tubulin isotypes are presented. Looking forward, it is suggested that the β-tubulin isotype content of a tumor may influence its responses to Taxol®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ping Huang Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Susan Band Horwitz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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69
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Cornec AS, Monti L, Kovalevich J, Makani V, James MJ, Vijayendran KG, Oukoloff K, Yao Y, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Smith AB, Brunden KR, Ballatore C. Multitargeted Imidazoles: Potential Therapeutic Leads for Alzheimer's and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5120-5145. [PMID: 28530811 PMCID: PMC5483893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial disease in which different
neuropathological mechanisms are likely involved, including those
associated with pathological tau and Aβ species as well as neuroinflammation.
In this context, the development of single multitargeted therapeutics
directed against two or more disease mechanisms could be advantageous.
Starting from a series of 1,5-diarylimidazoles with microtubule (MT)-stabilizing
activity and structural similarities with known NSAIDs, we conducted
structure–activity relationship studies that led to the identification
of multitargeted prototypes with activities as MT-stabilizing agents
and/or inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)
pathways. Several examples are brain-penetrant and exhibit balanced
multitargeted in vitro activity in the low μM range. As brain-penetrant
MT-stabilizing agents have proven effective against tau-mediated neurodegeneration
in animal models, and because COX- and 5-LOX-derived eicosanoids are
thought to contribute to Aβ plaque deposition, these 1,5-diarylimidazoles
provide tools to explore novel multitargeted strategies for AD and
other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Cornec
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ludovica Monti
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jane Kovalevich
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Vishruti Makani
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Michael J James
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Krishna G Vijayendran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Killian Oukoloff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yuemang Yao
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania , 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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