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Nasrollahzadeh-Khakiani M, Emadi-Baygi M, Schulz WA, Nikpour P. Long noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer carcinogenesis and metastasis. Brief Funct Genomics 2018; 16:129-145. [PMID: 27122631 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elw011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of the human transcriptome, most prominently by the ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements project, have revealed an unexpected number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are typically referred to a heterogeneous group of polyadenylated long ncRNAs, with a length of > 200 nt. LncRNAs constitute an integral part of tumor biology, with many lncRNAs discovered to be aberrantly expressed in various cancer types. They are involved in many aspects of cancer pathogenesis from its initiation to progression, metastasis and treatment response. Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite the current improvements of life expectancy and survival rate, most of the patients are diagnosed when their cancer has been progressed to advanced stages. Therefore, unraveling the molecular mechanisms of GC to find early-stage biomarkers is urgent. As the list of lncRNAs with deregulated expression in GC is steadily expanding, these molecules offer a source for developing GC-specific biomarkers. In this review, we will present and discuss those lncRNAs whose expression has been shown to be deregulated in GC.
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52
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He X, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Gan Y, Zhou Y, Liang H, Wu D, Ge W, Deng J, Xu X. Long non-coding RNA AK058003, as a precursor of miR-15a, interacts with HuR to inhibit the expression of γ-synuclein in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9451-9465. [PMID: 28035067 PMCID: PMC5354744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as critical players in multiple cancers and lncRNAs are tightly linked to cancer progression. However, only little amount of lncRNAs have been identified to participate in the molecular mechanisms of the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we found that lncRNA-AK058003 is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and it is associated with the relapse and metastasis of the cancer. Furthermore, lncRNA-AK058003 acts as a tumor suppressor, suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. lncRNA-AK058003 can reduce mRNA stabilizing protein HuR, which results in the inhibition of the expression of γ-synuclein. In addition, a bioinformatics study indicated that γ-synuclein is a target of miR-15a. To verify whether lncRNA-AK058003 plays a role in miR-15a-mediated inhibition of γ-synuclein, we demonstrated that lncRNA-AK058003 is very likely to be a precursor of miR-15a. Collectively, lncRNA-AK058003 can reduce the expression of mRNA stabilizing protein HuR and act as a precursor of miR-15a to suppress γ-synuclein-mediated cell proliferation and the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin He
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongfa Zheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gan
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huilin Liang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongcheng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Chemistry, School of Basic Medicial Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjian Deng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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53
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Mimura I, Hirakawa Y, Kanki Y, Kushida N, Nakaki R, Suzuki Y, Tanaka T, Aburatani H, Nangaku M. Novel lnc RNA regulated by HIF-1 inhibits apoptotic cell death in the renal tubular epithelial cells under hypoxia. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/8/e13203. [PMID: 28420760 PMCID: PMC5408278 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic tubulointerstitial hypoxia plays an important role as the final common pathway to end-stage renal disease. HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1) is a master transcriptional factor under hypoxia, regulating downstream target genes. Genome-wide analysis of HIF-1 binding sites using high-throughput sequencers has clarified various kinds of downstream targets and made it possible to demonstrate the novel roles of HIF-1. Our aim of this study is to identify novel HIF-1 downstream epigenetic targets which may play important roles in the kidney. Immortalized tubular cell lines (HK2; human kidney-2) and primary cultured cells (RPTEC; renal proximal tubular cell lines) were exposed to 1% hypoxia for 24-72 h. We performed RNA-seq to clarify the expression of mRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). We also examined ChIP-seq to identify HIF-1 binding sites under hypoxia. RNA-seq identified 44 lncRNAs which are up-regulated under hypoxic condition in both cells. ChIP-seq analysis demonstrated that HIF-1 also binds to the lncRNAs under hypoxia. The expression of novel lncRNA, DARS-AS1 (aspartyl-tRNA synthetase anti-sense 1), is up-regulated only under hypoxia and HIF-1 binds to its promoter region, which includes two hypoxia-responsive elements. Its expression is also up-regulated with cobalt chloride exposure, while it is not under hypoxia when HIF-1 is knocked down by siRNA To clarify the biological roles of DARS-AS1, we measured the activity of caspase 3/7 using anti-sense oligo of DARS-AS1. Knockdown of DARS-AS1 deteriorated apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, we identified the novel lncRNAs regulated by HIF-1 under hypoxia and clarified that DARS-AS1 plays an important role in inhibiting apoptotic cell death in renal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imari Mimura
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hirakawa
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kushida
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakaki
- Division of GenomeScience, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of GenomeScience, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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54
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The hypoxia-responsive lncRNA NDRG-OT1 promotes NDRG1 degradation via ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 29535820 PMCID: PMC5828211 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia can lead to solid tumor aggressiveness by driving multiple signaling pathways. Long non-coding RNAs respond to several extrinsic stimuli, causing changes in cancer cells by participating in multiple steps of gene expression. However, genomic profiling of long non-coding RNAs regulated by oxygen in breast cancer remained unclear. Therefore, the aims of this study were to identify oxygen-responsive long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer cells, and to delineate their regulatory mechanisms. The expression profiling of long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer cells growing under normoxic, hypoxic, and re-oxygenated conditions was examined using next-generation sequencing technology. Four hundred and seventy-two lncRNAs oxygen-responsive lncRNAs were identified. After examining the top three differentially expressed lncRNAs in hypoxia, we selected N-Myc Downstream Regulated Gene 1-Overlapping 1 (NDRG1-OT1) for further study, especially the most responsive isoform, NDRG1-OT1_v4. We overexpressed NDRG1-OT1_v4 under normoxia and performed microarray analysis to identify 108 NDRG1-OT1_v4 regulated genes and their functions. Among these genes, we found that both NDRG1 mRNA expression and NDRG1 protein levels were inhibited by NDRG1-OT1_v4. Finally, we used co-immunoprecipitation to show that NDRG1-OT1_v4 destabilizes NDRG1 by promoting ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Our findings reveal a new type of epigenetic regulation of NDRG1 by NDRG1-OT1_v4 in breast cancer cells.
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Paolicchi E, Gemignani F, Krstic-Demonacos M, Dedhar S, Mutti L, Landi S. Targeting hypoxic response for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13464-78. [PMID: 26859576 PMCID: PMC4924654 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic tumor microenvironment (HTM) is considered to promote metabolic changes, oncogene activation and epithelial mesenchymal transition, and resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy, all of which are hallmarks of aggressive tumor behavior. Cancer cells within the HTM acquire phenotypic properties that allow them to overcome the lack of energy and nutrients supply within this niche. These phenotypic properties include activation of genes regulating glycolysis, glucose transport, acidosis regulators, angiogenesis, all of which are orchestrated through the activation of the transcription factor, HIF1A, which is an independent marker of poor prognosis. Moreover, during the adaptation to a HTM cancer cells undergo deep changes in mitochondrial functions such as “Warburg effect” and the “reverse Warburg effect”. This review aims to provide an overview of the characteristics of the HTM, with particular focus on novel therapeutic strategies currently in clinical trials, targeting the adaptive response to hypoxia of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Paolicchi
- Genetics-Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marija Krstic-Demonacos
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luciano Mutti
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Stefano Landi
- Genetics-Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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56
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Miao Y, Sui J, Xu SY, Liang GY, Pu YP, Yin LH. Comprehensive analysis of a novel four-lncRNA signature as a prognostic biomarker for human gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75007-75024. [PMID: 29088841 PMCID: PMC5650396 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in predicting survival for gastric cancer (GC) patients. This study aims to identify a lncRNA-related signature for evaluating the overall survival of 379 GC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The associations between survival outcome and the expression of lncRNAs were evaluated by the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Four lncRNAs (LINC01018, LOC553137, MIR4435-2HG, and TTTY14) were identified as significantly correlated with overall survival. These four lncRNAs were gathered as a single prognostic signature. There was a significant positive correlation between GC patients with low-risk scores and overall survival (P = 0.001). Further analysis suggested that the prognostic value of this four-lncRNA signature was independent in clinical features. Gene set enrichment analysis found that these four lncRNAs were correlated with several molecular pathways of the tumor. Our study indicates that this novel lncRNA expression signature may be a useful biomarker of the prognosis for GC patients, based on bioinformatics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Si-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ge-Yu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Pu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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57
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Shih JW, Kung HJ. Long non-coding RNA and tumor hypoxia: new players ushered toward an old arena. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:53. [PMID: 28789687 PMCID: PMC5547530 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a classic feature of the tumor microenvironment with a profound impact on cancer progression and therapeutic response. Activation of complex hypoxia pathways orchestrated by the transcription factor HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) contributes to aggressive phenotypes and metastasis in numerous cancers. Over the past few decades, exponentially growing research indicated the importance of the non-coding genome in hypoxic tumor regions. Recently, key roles of long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in hypoxia-driven cancer progression have begun to emerge. These hypoxia-responsive lncRNAs (HRLs) play pivotal roles in regulating hypoxic gene expression at chromatic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels by acting as effectors of the indirect response to HIF or direct modulators of the HIF-transcriptional cascade. Notably, the aberrant expression of HRLs significantly correlates with poor outcomes in cancer patients, showing promise for future utility as a tumor marker or therapeutic target. Here we address the latest advances made toward understanding the functional relevance of HRLs, the involvement of these transcripts in hypoxia response and the underlying action mechanisms, highlighting their specific roles in HIF-1 signaling regulation and hypoxia-associated malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Shih
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 350, Taiwan
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58
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Zhang WJ, Chen C, Zhou ZH, Gao ST, Tee TJ, Yang LQ, Xu YY, Pang TH, Xu XY, Sun Q, Feng M, Wang H, Lu CL, Wu GZ, Wu S, Guan WX, Xu GF. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha Correlates with Tumor-Associated Macrophages Infiltration, Influences Survival of Gastric Cancer Patients. J Cancer 2017; 8:1818-1825. [PMID: 28819379 PMCID: PMC5556645 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypoxia was a common feature for accelerating tumor metastasis by both inducting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The association and roles between hypoxia, EMT and TAMs in the biological behavior of gastric cancer (GC) for the time being recurrence is unclear. Material and methods: hypoixa by expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), polarized functional status of infiltrated TAMs by immunohistochemical staining of CD68 and CD163, and the expression of E-cadherin as EMT property had been evaluated in 236 patients consecutive with histologically confirmed GC. Clinical significance was assessed for all these patients. Results: High expression of HIF-1α was found in patients with aggressive features, especially for recurrent patients. High infiltration of TAMs and abnormal expression of EMT-marker were also related to aggressive characteristics and predicted poor prognosis in GC. Meanwwhile, there existed a significant correlation among expression of HIF-1α, infiltration of TAMs and EMT marker in GC tissues. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that high expression of HIF-1α combined TAMs infiltration were independent prognostic factors for disease-specific survival rate. Conclusion: HIF-1α is an unfavorable indicator for prognosis, may promote tumor progression through the induction of EMT and establishment of a pro-tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. Further investigation into the therapeutic effects of blocking hypoxia is possible a potential strategy for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Zhang
- Department of General surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of General surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Providence, China
| | - Shan-Ting Gao
- Department of General surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Teong Jin Tee
- Department of Medical, Gastroenterology unit, Nilai Medical Center, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Liu-Qing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao-Hong Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Yun Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of General surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of General surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of General surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Lei Lu
- Department of General surgery, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Providence, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Wu
- Department of General surgery, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Providence, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of General surgery, 101th Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Providence, China
| | - Wen-Xian Guan
- Department of General surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of General surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Gui-Fang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in hypoxia/HIF-1-associated cancer progression through largely unknown mechanisms. Here we identify MIR31HG as a hypoxia-inducible lncRNA and therefore we name it LncHIFCAR (long noncoding HIF-1α co-activating RNA); we describe its oncogenic role as a HIF-1α co-activator that regulates the HIF-1 transcriptional network, crucial for cancer development. Extensive analyses of clinical data indicate LncHIFCAR level is substantially upregulated in oral carcinoma, significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes and representing an independent prognostic predictor. Overexpression of LncHIFCAR induces pseudo-hypoxic gene signature, whereas knockdown of LncHIFCAR impairs the hypoxia-induced HIF-1α transactivation, sphere-forming ability, metabolic shift and metastatic potential in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LncHIFCAR forms a complex with HIF-1α via direct binding and facilitates the recruitment of HIF-1α and p300 cofactor to the target promoters. Our results uncover an lncRNA-mediated mechanism for HIF-1 activation and establish the clinical values of LncHIFCAR in prognosis and potential therapeutic strategy for oral carcinoma. Cancer cells adapt to the changing microenvironment by activating different pathways through multiple mechanisms. Here the authors identify long noncoding RNA MIR31HG as a HIF-1α co-activator required for the induction of the hypoxic response and show its oncogenic role in oral carcinogenesis.
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60
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Sheng SR, Wu JS, Tang YL, Liang XH. Long noncoding RNAs: emerging regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Future Oncol 2017; 13:1551-1562. [PMID: 28513194 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in multiple biological processes especially human diseases, of which, tumor seems to be one of the most significant. Angiogenesis has been deemed to have a pivotal role in a series of tumor biological behaviors in tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis. Emerging evidences suggested that lncRNAs are involved in tumor angiogenesis and lncRNAs have already been verified to be potential biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets. This review summarized emerging angiogenesis-related lncRNAs, discussed their mechanisms interacting with cytokines, cancer stem cells, miRNAs and tumor hypoxia microenvironment, and demonstrated if lncRNAs could be new candidate targets of antiangiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Rui Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), No. 14, Sec. 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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61
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Ge Y, Xu K. Alpha-synuclein contributes to malignant progression of human meningioma via the Akt/mTOR pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:86. [PMID: 27895530 PMCID: PMC5109801 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to explore the expression of alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) in benign, atypical, and anaplastic meningiomas and determine its role in the malignant progression of meningiomas. METHODS Expression of α-synuclein was measured in 44 meningioma samples by real-time PCR analysis. The effects of overexpression or knockdown of α-synuclein on meningioma cell growth, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity were determined. RESULTS Atypical and anaplastic meningiomas displayed significantly greater levels of α-synuclein mRNA, relative to benign tumors. Depletion of α-synuclein decreased cell proliferation and colony formation and promoted apoptosis in IOMM-Lee meningioma cells, whereas overexpression of α-synuclein facilitated cell proliferation and colony formation in CH-157MN meningioma cells. Silencing of α-synuclein attenuated IOMM-Lee cell migration and invasion. In contrast, ectopic expression of α-synuclein increased the invasiveness of CH-157MN cells. In vivo studies further demonstrated that downregulation of α-synuclein significantly retarded meningioma growth in nude mice. At the molecular level, the phosphorylation levels of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K and 4EBP were significantly decreased in α-synuclein-depleted IOMM-Lee cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, α-synuclein upregulation contributes to aggressive phenotypes of meningiomas via the Akt/mTOR pathway and thus represents a potential therapeutic target for malignant meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.164 Lanxi Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
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62
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Mining, Validation, and Clinical Significance of Colorectal Cancer (CRC)-Associated lncRNAs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164590. [PMID: 27788162 PMCID: PMC5082825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest tumours, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The involvement of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in CRC tumorigenesis makes them suitable tumour biomarkers. Methods/Findings Here, we screened 150 cases of CRC and 85 cases of paracancerous tissues in the GEO database for differentially expressed lncRNAs. The levels of lncRNA candidates in 84 CRC and paracancerous tissue samples were validated by qRT-PCR and their clinical significance was analyzed. We identified 15 lncRNAs with differential expression in CRC tumours; among them, AK098081 was significantly up-regulated, whereas AK025209, BC040303, BC037331, AK026659, and CR749831 were down-regulated in CRC. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve for the six lncRNAs was 0.914. High expression of AK098081 and low expression of BC040303, CR749831, and BC037331 indicated poor CRC differentiation. CRC patients with lymph node metastasis had lower expression of BC037331. In addition, the group with high AK098081 expression presented significantly lower overall survival and disease-free survival rates than the low-expression group, confirming AK098081 as an independent risk factor for CRC patients. Conclusion/Significance In conclusion, we have identified multiple CRC-associated lncRNAs from microarray expression profiles that can serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.
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63
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Zhang FF, Luo YH, Wang H, Zhao L. Metastasis-associated long noncoding RNAs in gastrointestinal cancer: Implications for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8735-8749. [PMID: 27818589 PMCID: PMC5075548 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i39.8735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a newly discovered class of ncRNA molecules, have been widely accepted as crucial regulators of various diseases including cancer. Increasing numbers of studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are involved in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as cell cycle progression, chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, and posttranscriptional processing. Aberrant expression of lncRNAs frequently occurs in gastrointestinal cancer and plays emerging roles in cancer metastasis. In this review, we focus on and outline the regulatory functions of recently identified metastasis-associated lncRNAs, and evaluate the potential roles of lncRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Cerk S, Schwarzenbacher D, Adiprasito JB, Stotz M, Hutterer GC, Gerger A, Ling H, Calin GA, Pichler M. Current Status of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Human Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091485. [PMID: 27608009 PMCID: PMC5037763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents a major health burden in Europe and North America, as recently published data report breast cancer as the second leading cause of cancer related death in women worldwide. Breast cancer is regarded as a highly heterogeneous disease in terms of clinical course and biological behavior and can be divided into several molecular subtypes, with different prognosis and treatment responses. The discovery of numerous non-coding RNAs has dramatically changed our understanding of cell biology, especially the pathophysiology of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein-coding transcripts >200 nucleotides in length. Several studies have demonstrated their role as key regulators of gene expression, cell biology and carcinogenesis. Deregulated expression levels of lncRNAs have been observed in various types of cancers including breast cancer. lncRNAs are involved in cancer initiation, progression, and metastases. In this review, we summarize the recent literature to highlight the current status of this class of long non-coding lncRNAs in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Cerk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Daniela Schwarzenbacher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Jan Basri Adiprasito
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Michael Stotz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Georg C Hutterer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria.
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8026, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz 8036, Austria.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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Gorad SS, Ellingsen C, Bathen TF, Mathiesen BS, Moestue SA, Rofstad EK. Identification of Metastasis-Associated Metabolic Profiles of Tumors by (1)H-HR-MAS-MRS. Neoplasia 2016; 17:767-75. [PMID: 26585232 PMCID: PMC4656806 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors develop an abnormal microenvironment during growth, and similar to the metastatic phenotype, the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells is tightly linked to characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we explored relationships between metabolic profile, metastatic propensity, and hypoxia in experimental tumors in an attempt to identify metastasis-associated metabolic profiles. Two human melanoma xenograft lines (A-07, R-18) showing different TMEs were used as cancer models. Metabolic profile was assessed by proton high resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-HR-MAS-MRS). Tumor hypoxia was detected in immunostained histological preparations by using pimonidazole as a hypoxia marker. Twenty-four samples from 10 A-07 tumors and 28 samples from 10 R-18 tumors were analyzed. Metastasis was associated with hypoxia in both A-07 and R-18 tumors, and 1H-HR-MAS-MRS discriminated between tissue samples with and tissue samples without hypoxic regions in both models, primarily because hypoxia was associated with high lactate resonance peaks in A-07 tumors and with low lactate resonance peaks in R-18 tumors. Similarly, metastatic and non-metastatic R-18 tumors showed significantly different metabolic profiles, but not metastatic and non-metastatic A-07 tumors, probably because some samples from the metastatic A-07 tumors were derived from tumor regions without hypoxic tissue. This study suggests that 1H-HR-MAS-MRS may be a valuable tool for evaluating the role of hypoxia and lactate in tumor metastasis as well as for identification of metastasis-associated metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Gorad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christine Ellingsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Berit S Mathiesen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siver A Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Beltrán-Anaya FO, Cedro-Tanda A, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Romero-Cordoba SL. Insights into the Regulatory Role of Non-coding RNAs in Cancer Metabolism. Front Physiol 2016; 7:342. [PMID: 27551267 PMCID: PMC4976125 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a complex disease originated from alterations in several genes leading to disturbances in important signaling pathways in tumor biology, favoring heterogeneity that promotes adaptability and pharmacological resistance of tumor cells. Metabolic reprogramming has emerged as an important hallmark of cancer characterized by the presence of aerobic glycolysis, increased glutaminolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis, as well as an altered mitochondrial energy production. The metabolic switches that support energetic requirements of cancer cells are closely related to either activation of oncogenes or down-modulation of tumor-suppressor genes, finally leading to dysregulation of cell proliferation, metastasis and drug resistance signals. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as one important kind of molecules that can regulate altered genes contributing, to the establishment of metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, diverse metabolic signals can regulate ncRNA expression and activity at genetic, transcriptional, or epigenetic levels. The regulatory landscape of ncRNAs may provide a new approach for understanding and treatment of different types of malignancies. In this review we discuss the regulatory role exerted by ncRNAs on metabolic enzymes and pathways involved in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. We also review how metabolic stress conditions and tumoral microenvironment influence ncRNA expression and activity. Furthermore, we comment on the therapeutic potential of metabolism-related ncRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy O Beltrán-Anaya
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Cedro-Tanda
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine Mexico City, Mexico
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Chen Q, Su Y, He X, Zhao W, Wu C, Zhang W, Si X, Dong B, Zhao L, Gao Y, Yang X, Chen J, Lu J, Qiao X, Zhang Y. Plasma long non-coding RNA MALAT1 is associated with distant metastasis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1361-1366. [PMID: 27446438 PMCID: PMC4950178 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a newly identified metastasis-associated long non-coding RNA. In a previous study, it was identified that plasma levels of MALAT1 were significantly increased in gastric cancer patients with metastasis compared with gastric cancer patients without metastasis and healthy control individuals. However, it is unclear whether plasma levels of MALAT1 may act as a biomarker for evaluating the development of metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In the present study, groups that consisted of 47 patients with EOC and metastasis (EOC/DM), 47 patients with EOC without metastasis (EOC/NDM), and 47 healthy control (HC) individuals were established. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the level of plasma MALAT1 in these groups. The results showed that levels of plasma MALAT1 were significantly increased in the EOC/DM group compared with the EOC/NDM and HC groups (P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that plasma MALAT1 yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.820 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.734–0.905; P<0.001], distinguishing between EOC/DM and EOC/NDM. ROC analysis also yielded an AUC of 0.884 (95% CI, 0.820–0.949; P<0.001), with 89.4% sensitivity and 72.3% specificity for distinguishing between EOC/DM and HC. Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that overexpression of MALAT1, differentiation (poor), tumor-node-metastasis stage (IV), lymph node metastasis (N3), peritoneal invasion (present) and higher serum carbohydrate antigen 125 levels were independent predictors of survival (hazard ratio, 3.322; P=0.028) in patients with EOC. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with increased MALAT1 expression had a poorer disease-free survival time. In conclusion, the levels of plasma MALAT1 may act as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Yongyong Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Weian Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Si
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Bingwei Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Lianying Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Yufang Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Ximin Qiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
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Insight Into the Role of Long Noncoding RNA in Cancer Development and Progression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 326:33-65. [PMID: 27572126 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) is a large class of RNA molecules with size larger than 200 nucleotides. They exhibit cellular functions although having no protein-coding capability. Accumulating evidence suggests that long noncoding RNA play crucial roles in cancer biology. Studies showed that deregulation of lncRNA was frequently observed in various types of cancers which contributed heavily to malignant phenotypical changes. Aberration of lncRNA can be induced by a number of factors such as dysregulated signaling pathway, response to catastrophic effect, viral infection, and contact with carcinogens. Meanwhile, alterations of lncRNA expression or function drive subsequent malignant development such as cell transformation or acquisition of stemness characteristics. Here, we give perspectives on recent findings on the involvement of lncRNAs in carcinogenesis and response to adverse tumor environment. Then, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in cancer stem cell which is an important model of cancer emergence. Last, we provide insight on the potential of lncRNAs in modulating environment favorable of cancer development and progression, and evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of lncRNAs in cancer management.
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69
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Abstract
Activation of hypoxia pathways is both associated with and contributes to an aggressive phenotype across multiple types of solid cancers. The regulation of gene transcription by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key element in this response. HIF directly upregulates the expression of many hundreds of protein-coding genes, which act to both improve oxygen delivery and to reduce oxygen demand. However, it is now becoming apparent that many classes of noncoding RNAs are also regulated by hypoxia, with several (e.g. micro RNAs, long noncoding RNAs and antisense RNAs) under direct transcriptional regulation by HIF. These hypoxia-regulated, noncoding RNAs may act as effectors of the indirect response to HIF by acting on specific coding transcripts or by affecting generic RNA-processing pathways. In addition, noncoding RNAs may also act as modulators of the HIF pathway, either by integrating other physiological responses or, in the case of HIF-regulated, noncoding RNAs, by providing negative or positive feedback and feedforward loops that affect upstream or downstream components of the HIF cascade. These hypoxia-regulated, noncoding transcripts play important roles in the aggressive hypoxic phenotype observed in cancer.
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70
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Silence of long noncoding RNA UCA1 inhibits malignant proliferation and chemotherapy resistance to adriamycin in gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:1061-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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71
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Dong W, Qin G, Shen R. Rab11-FIP2 promotes the metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:1680-8. [PMID: 26502090 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rab11-FIP2 can interact with MYO5B and plays an important role in regulating plasma membrane recycling. Our previous study has shown that MYO5B is epigenetically silenced and associated with c-Met signaling in human gastric cancer. However, little is known of the function of Rab11-FIP2 in gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated Rab11-FIP2 expression by immunohistochemistry in 86 patients with gastric cancer. We found that the expression level of Rab11-FIP2 was significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues and high expression of Rab11-FIP2 was closely correlated with nodal metastasis in gastric cancer patients. Rab11-FIP2 overexpression promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a manner associated with gastric cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We also found that hypoxia could enhance the expression of Rab11-FIP2 through HIF-1α. Inactivation of Rab11-FIP2 dramatically decreased hypoxia-induced migration of gastric cancer cells. Suppression of the internalization of EGFR, at least in part, plays an important role in EMT induced by overexpression of Rab11-FIP2 in gastric cancer cells. Finally, we demonstrated that Rab11-FIP2 could regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics. In conclusion, our findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying the role of Rab11-FIP2 in gastric cancer dissemination, suggesting that Rab11-FIP2 may be a promising candidate target for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Ruizhe Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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72
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Li CY, Liang GY, Yao WZ, Sui J, Shen X, Zhang YQ, Peng H, Hong WW, Ye YC, Zhang ZY, Zhang WH, Yin LH, Pu YP. Integrated analysis of long non-coding RNA competing interactions reveals the potential role in progression of human gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1965-76. [PMID: 26935047 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in tumor biology. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) platform is a large sample sequencing database of lncRNAs, and further analysis of the associations between these data and patients' clinical related information can provide new approaches to find the functions of lncRNA. In the present study, 361 RNA sequencing profiles of gastric cancer (GC) patients were selected from TCGA. Then, we constructed the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of GC. There were 25 GC specific lncRNAs (fold change >2, p<0.05) identified, 19 of them were included in ceRNA network. Subsequently, we selected these 19 key lncRNAs and analyzed the correlations with clinical features and overall survival, 14 of them were discriminatively expressed with tumor size, tumor grade, TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis (p<0.05). In addition, eight lncRNAs (RPLP0P2, FOXD2-AS1, H19, TINCR, SLC26A4-AS1, SMIM10L2A, SMIM10L2B and SNORD116-4) were found to be significantly associated with overall survival (log-rank p<0.05). Finally, two key lncRNAs HOTAIR and UCA1 were selected for validation of their expression levels in 82 newly diagnosed GC patients by qRT-PCR. Results showed that the fold changes between TCGA and qRT-PCR were 100% in agreement. In addition, we also found that HOTAIR was significantly correlated with tumor size and lymphatic metastasis (p<0.05), and UCA1 was significantly correlated with tumor size, TNM stage and lymphatic metastasis (p<0.05). The clinical relevance of the two lncRNAs and the bioinformatics analysis results were almost the same. Overall, our study showed the GC specific lncRNAs expression patterns and a ceRNA network in GC. Clinical features related to GC specific lncRNAs also suggested these lncRNAs are worthwhile for further study as novel candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of GC and potential indicators for prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ge-Yu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Zhuo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Cheng Ye
- Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Wuwei, Gansu 733000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yi Zhang
- Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Wuwei, Gansu 733000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Wuwei, Gansu 733000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Pu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Wang J, Sun J, Wang J, Song Y, Gao P, Shi J, Chen P, Wang Z. Long noncoding RNAs in gastric cancer: functions and clinical applications. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:681-97. [PMID: 26929639 PMCID: PMC4755433 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s95412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, genome-wide studies have revealed that only a small fraction of the human genome encodes proteins; long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) account for 98% of the total genome. These RNA molecules, which are >200 nt in length, play important roles in diverse biological processes, including the immune response, stem cell pluripotency, cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, invasion, and metastasis by regulating gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying lncRNA function are only partially understood. Recent studies showed that many lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in gastric cancer (GC) tissues, gastric juice, plasma, and cells, and these alterations are linked to the occurrence, progression, and outcome of GC. Here, we review the current knowledge of the biological functions and clinical aspects of lncRNAs in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxu Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Shi
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of the non-coding genome in regions of hypoxia in tumours. Such regions are frequently found in solid tumours, and are associated with worse patient survival and therapy resistance. Hypoxia stabilises the transcription factors, hypoxia inducible factors (HIF1α and HIF2α) which coordinate transcriptomic changes that occur in hypoxia. The changes in gene expression induced by HIF1α and HIF2α contribute to many of the hallmarks of cancer phenotypes and enable tumour growth, survival and invasion in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate mRNA stability and translation, and long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have diverse functions including chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation, are also important in enabling the key hypoxia regulated processes. They have roles in the regulation of metabolism, angiogenesis, autophagy, invasion and metastasis in the hypoxic microenvironment. Furthermore, HIF1α and HIF2α expression and stabilisation are also regulated by both miRNAs and lncRNAs. Here we review the recent developments in the expression, regulation and functions of miRNAs, lncRNAs and other non-coding RNA classes in tumour hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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75
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Xie SS, Jin J, Xu X, Zhuo W, Zhou TH. Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer: Pathogenesis and clinical implications. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1213-1223. [PMID: 26811659 PMCID: PMC4716032 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, the mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis remain largely unclear. The association of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with cancer has been widely studied during the past decade. In general, ncRNAs have been classified as small ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Emerging evidence shows that miRNAs and lncRNAs play key roles in the formation and progression of many cancers. In this review, we focus on the regulation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in gastric cancer. miRNAs and lncRNAs appear to be involved in gastric tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis and in establishment of the gastric tumor microenvironment through various mechanisms. Furthermore, we also discuss the possibilities of establishing miRNAs and lncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. Taken together, we summarize the emerging roles of ncRNAs in gastric cancer development and their possible clinical significance.
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76
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Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR is a prognostic biomarker and inhibits chemosensitivity to doxorubicin in bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:507-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-2964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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77
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Hypoxia-regulated lncRNAs in cancer. Gene 2016; 575:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cheng JC, Chiang MT, Lee CH, Liu SY, Chiu KC, Chou YT, Huang RY, Huang SM, Shieh YS. γ-Synuclein Expression Is a Malignant Index in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Dent Res 2015; 95:439-45. [PMID: 26661712 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515621728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of γ-synuclein (SNCG) has been reported in many cancers; however, its role in cancer development is still controversial. Here, we examined the potential involvement of DNA methylation in regulating SNCG and its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We used 8 OSCC cell lines to investigate SNCG methylation and expression. SNCG methylation was examination by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and bisulfate sequencing. Cells showing a high degree of SNCG methylation were treated with 5-aza (methylation inhibitor), and changes in their methylation and expression profiles were analyzed. Functional effects of SNCG in OSCC were examined by its overexpression and knockdown. Additionally, methylation and expression of SNCG in OSCC tissues were investigated and correlated with clinicopathologic features. All OSCC cells showed detectable SNCG expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and bisulfate sequencing revealed high SNCG expression in SCC25 cells with the unmethylated allele, and their 15 CpG islands were unmethylated. The methylated allele was detected only in OEC-M1 cells exhibiting low SNCG expression, and their CpG islands were partially methylated. 5-aza treatment in OEC-M1 cells attenuated methylation and restored SNCG expression. SNCG overexpression increased colony forming, migration, and invasion abilities in OEC-M1 cells. Silencing SNCG in SCC25 cells suppressed these behaviors. All 25 tumor-adjacent normal tissues were negative for SNCG immunostaining. SNCG upregulation was frequently observed in dysplastic and OSCC tissues. Positive SNCG expression was found in 45% (37 of 82) OSCC tissues. Positive SNCG expression in OSCC significantly correlated with cancer staging and lymph node metastasis. However, SNCG methylation did not correlate with its expression and clinicopathologic variables in OSCC tissues. DNA methylation may participate in regulating SNCG expression in some OSCC cells. SNCG upregulation could be involved in OSCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - M T Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S Y Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan. Taiwan
| | - K C Chiu
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y T Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - R Y Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S M Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y S Shieh
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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79
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Influence of the interaction between long noncoding RNAs and hypoxia on tumorigenesis. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1379-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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80
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Yang Z, Guo X, Li G, Shi Y, Li L. Long noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers in gastric cancer: Opportunities and challenges. Cancer Lett 2015; 371:62-70. [PMID: 26577810 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major threat to human health, and its prognosis is poor due to the lack of appropriate biomarkers. LncRNAs are a group of non-protein-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. LncRNAs play essential roles in GC initiation and development in the same way as oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes. Recent investigations have revealed that lncRNAs are often aberrantly expressed in GC; are involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion; and correlate with the malignant phenotype of GC. LncRNAs, especially the lncRNAs present in the blood and gastric juice, show potential value as biomarkers for the diagnosis of GC or for determining disease prognosis. However, there are still many challenges to be faced before lncRNAs can be used in clinical applications. In this review, we summarise lncRNAs as the potential biomarkers for GC and the current challenges associated with the clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziguo Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China.
| | - Guimei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yulong Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
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81
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Yang Q, Zhang RW, Sui PC, He HT, Ding L. Dysregulation of non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:10956-10981. [PMID: 26494954 PMCID: PMC4607897 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.10956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world and a significant threat to the health of patients, especially those from China and Japan. The prognosis for patients with late stage GC receiving the standard of care treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, remains poor. Developing novel treatment strategies, identifying new molecules for targeted therapy, and devising screening techniques to detect this cancer in its early stages are needed for GC patients. The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), primarily microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), helped to elucidate the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, diagnosis and treatment of GC. Recently, significant research has been conducted on non-coding RNAs and how the regulatory dysfunction of these RNAs impacts the tumorigenesis of GC. In this study, we review papers published in the last five years concerning the dysregulation of non-coding RNAs, especially miRNAs and lncRNAs, in GC. We summarize instances of aberrant expression of the ncRNAs in GC and their effect on survival-related events, including cell cycle regulation, AKT signaling, apoptosis and drug resistance. Additionally, we evaluate how ncRNA dysregulation affects the metastatic process, including the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cells, transcription factor activity, and oncogene and tumor suppressor expression. Lastly, we determine how ncRNAs affect angiogenesis in the microenvironment of GC. We further discuss the use of ncRNAs as potential biomarkers for use in clinical screening, early diagnosis and prognosis of GC. At present, no ideal ncRNAs have been identified as targets for the treatment of GC.
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82
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Lelli A, Nolan KA, Santambrogio S, Gonçalves AF, Schönenberger MJ, Guinot A, Frew IJ, Marti HH, Hoogewijs D, Wenger RH. Induction of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in hypoxic mice. HYPOXIA 2015; 3:45-52. [PMID: 27774481 PMCID: PMC5045088 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s90555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long thought to be “junk DNA”, in recent years it has become clear that a substantial fraction of intergenic genomic DNA is actually transcribed, forming long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Like mRNA, lncRNA can also be spliced, capped, and polyadenylated, affecting a multitude of biological processes. While the molecular mechanisms underlying the function of lncRNAs have just begun to be elucidated, the conditional regulation of lncRNAs remains largely unexplored. In genome-wide studies our group and others recently found hypoxic transcriptional induction of a subset of lncRNAs, whereof nuclear-enriched abundant/autosomal transcript 1 (NEAT1) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) appear to be the lncRNAs most ubiquitously and most strongly induced by hypoxia in cultured cells. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2 rather than HIF-1 seems to be the preferred transcriptional activator of these lncRNAs. For the first time, we also found strong induction primarily of MALAT1 in organs of mice exposed to inspiratory hypoxia. Most abundant hypoxic levels of MALAT1 lncRNA were found in kidney and testis. In situ hybridization revealed that the hypoxic induction in the kidney was confined to proximal rather than distal tubular epithelial cells. Direct oxygen-dependent regulation of MALAT1 lncRNA was confirmed using isolated primary kidney epithelial cells. In summary, high expression levels and acute, profound hypoxic induction of MALAT1 suggest a hitherto unrecognized role of this lncRNA in renal proximal tubular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Lelli
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karen A Nolan
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Santambrogio
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ana Filipa Gonçalves
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam J Schönenberger
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Guinot
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ian J Frew
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hugo H Marti
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Hoogewijs
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
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Yang ZG, Gao L, Guo XB, Shi YL. Roles of long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer metastasis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:5220-5230. [PMID: 25954095 PMCID: PMC4419062 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i17.5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Metastasis, which is an important element of gastric cancer, leads to a high mortality rate and to a poor prognosis. Gastric cancer metastasis has a complex progression that involves multiple biological processes. The comprehensive mechanisms of metastasis remain unclear, though traditional regulation modulates the molecular functions associated with metastasis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a role in different gene regulatory pathways by epigenetic modification and by transcriptional and post-transcription regulation. lncRNAs participate in various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The altered expressions of certain lncRNAs are linked to gastric cancer metastasis and invasion, as with tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Studies have partly elucidated the roles of lncRNAs as biomarkers and in therapies, as well as their gene regulatory mechanisms. However, comprehensive knowledge regarding the functional mechanisms of gene regulation in metastatic gastric cancer remains scarce. To provide a theoretical basis for therapeutic intervention in metastatic gastric cancer, we reviewed the functions of lncRNAs and their regulatory roles in gastric cancer metastasis.
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85
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