51
|
Malek N, Starowicz K. Joint problems arising from lack of repair mechanisms: can cannabinoids help? Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1412-1420. [PMID: 29574720 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of joints, which are complex organs where cartilage, bone and synovium cooperate to allow a range of movements. During progression of the disease, the function of all three main components is jeopardized. Nevertheless, the involvement of each tissue in OA development is still not established and is the topic of the present review. The OA therapies available are symptomatic, largely targeting pain management rather than disease progression. The strong need to develop a treatment for cartilage degeneration, bone deformation and synovial inflammation has led to research on the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the development of OA. The current review discusses the research on this topic to date and notes the advantages of exploiting endocannabinoid system modulation for cartilage, bone and synovium homeostasis, which could prevent the further progression of OA. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malek
- Department of Cell Pathophysiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starowicz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Pawar HS, Francis NK, Hota T, Peter N, Mitra A. Comparative evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of intra-articular oxaceprol with conventional modalities in osteoarthritis animal model. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:2195-2201. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
53
|
Brederson JD, Chu KL, Xu J, Nikkel AL, Markosyan S, Jarvis MF, Edelmayer R, Bitner RS, McGaraughty S. Characterization and comparison of rat monosodium iodoacetate and medial meniscal tear models of osteoarthritic pain. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2109-2117. [PMID: 29430715 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative form of arthritis that can result in loss of joint function and chronic pain. The pathological pain state that develops with OA disease involves plastic changes in the peripheral and central nervous systems, however, the cellular mechanisms underlying OA are not fully understood. We characterized the medial meniscal tear (MMT) surgical model and the intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) chemical model of OA in rats. Both models produced histological changes in the knee joint and associated bones consistent with OA pathology. Both models also increased p38 activation in the L3, but not L4 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), increased tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining in the L3 DRG indicating sympathetic sprouting, and increased phosphorylated (p)CREB in thalamic neurons. In MIA-OA, but not MMT-OA rats, p38 and pERK were increased in the spinal cord, and pCREB was enhanced in the prefrontal cortex. Using in vivo electrophysiology, elevated spontaneous activity and increased responsiveness of wide dynamic range neurons to stimulation of the knee was found in both models. However, a more widespread sensitization was observed in the MIA-OA rats as neurons with paw receptive fields spontaneously fired at a greater rate in MIA-OA than MMT-OA rats. Taken together, the MIA and MMT models of OA share several common features associated with histopathology and sensitization of primary somatosensory pathways, but, observed differences between the models highlights unique consequences of the related specific injuries, and these differences should be considered when choosing an OA model and when interpreting data outcomes. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine L Chu
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jun Xu
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Arthur L Nikkel
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stella Markosyan
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael F Jarvis
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rebecca Edelmayer
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert S Bitner
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steve McGaraughty
- Neuroscience Discovery, Research and Development, AbbVie, 60064 North Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Fu K, Robbins SR, McDougall JJ. Osteoarthritis: the genesis of pain. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 57:iv43-iv50. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fu
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah R Robbins
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason J McDougall
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
He BH, Christin M, Mouchbahani-Constance S, Davidova A, Sharif-Naeini R. Mechanosensitive ion channels in articular nociceptors drive mechanical allodynia in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:2091-2099. [PMID: 28882752 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling and highly prevalent condition affecting millions worldwide. Pain is the major complaint of OA patients and is presently inadequately managed. It manifests as mechanical allodynia, a painful response to innocuous stimuli such as joint movement. Allodynia is due in part to the sensitization of articular nociceptors to mechanical stimuli. These nociceptors respond to noxious mechanical stimuli applied to their terminals via the expression of depolarizing high-threshold mechanosensitive ion channels (MSICs) that convert painful mechanical forces into electrical signals. In this study, we examined the contribution of MSICs to mechanical allodynia in a mouse model of OA. METHOD Sodium mono-iodoacetate (MIA) was injected in the left knee of adult male Trpv1:Cre; GFP mice. Primary mechanical allodynia was monitored using the knee-bend test. Single-channel patch clamp electrophysiology was performed on visually-identified knee-innervating nociceptors. Dorsal horn neuronal activation was assessed by Fos immunoreactivity. RESULTS In examining the gating properties of MSICs of naïve and OA mice, we discovered that their activation threshold is greatly reduced, causing their opening at significantly lower stimuli intensities. Consequently, nociceptors are activated by mild mechanical stimuli. These channels are reversibly inhibited by the selective MSIC inhibitor GsMTx4, and the intra-articular injection of this peptide significantly reduced the activation of dorsal horn nociceptive circuits and primary mechanical allodynia in OA mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MSICs are sensitized during OA and directly contribute to mechanical allodynia. They therefore represent potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of OA pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B H He
- Department of Physiology and Cell Information Systems, McGill University, Canada.
| | - M Christin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Information Systems, McGill University, Canada.
| | | | - A Davidova
- Department of Physiology and Cell Information Systems, McGill University, Canada.
| | - R Sharif-Naeini
- Department of Physiology and Cell Information Systems, McGill University, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Eitner A, Hofmann GO, Schaible HG. Mechanisms of Osteoarthritic Pain. Studies in Humans and Experimental Models. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:349. [PMID: 29163027 PMCID: PMC5675866 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most frequent causes of chronic pain. However, the mechanisms of OA pain are poorly understood. This review addresses the mechanisms which are thought to be involved in OA pain, derived from studies on pain mechanisms in humans and in experimental models of OA. Three areas will be considered, namely local processes in the joint associated with OA pain, neuronal mechanisms involved in OA pain, and general factors which influence OA pain. Except the cartilage all structures of the joints are innervated by nociceptors. Although the hallmark of OA is the degradation of the cartilage, OA joints show multiple structural alterations of cartilage, bone and synovial tissue. In particular synovitis and bone marrow lesions have been proposed to determine OA pain whereas the contribution of the other pathologies to pain generation has been studied less. Concerning the peripheral neuronal mechanisms of OA pain, peripheral nociceptive sensitization was shown, and neuropathic mechanisms may be involved at some stages. Structural changes of joint innervation such as local loss and/or sprouting of nerve fibers were shown. In addition, central sensitization, reduction of descending inhibition, descending excitation and cortical atrophies were observed in OA. The combination of different neuronal mechanisms may define the particular pain phenotype in an OA patient. Among mediators involved in OA pain, nerve growth factor (NGF) is in the focus because antibodies against NGF significantly reduce OA pain. Several studies show that neutralization of interleukin-1β and TNF may reduce OA pain. Many patients with OA exhibit comorbidities such as obesity, low grade systemic inflammation and diabetes mellitus. These comorbidities can significantly influence the course of OA, and pain research just began to study the significance of such factors in pain generation. In addition, psychologic and socioeconomic factors may aggravate OA pain, and in some cases genetic factors influencing OA pain were found. Considering the local factors in the joint, the neuronal processes and the comorbidities, a better definition of OA pain phenotypes may become possible. Studies are under way in order to improve OA and OA pain monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annett Eitner
- Department of Physiology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gunther O Hofmann
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.,Trauma Center Bergmannstrost Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Schaible
- Department of Physiology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Morais SVD, Czeczko NG, Malafaia O, Ribas JM, Garcia JBS, Miguel MT, Zini C, Massignan AG. Osteoarthritis model induced by intra-articular monosodium iodoacetate in rats knee. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 31:765-773. [PMID: 27982265 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160110000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of a knee osteoarthritis model through functional, radiological and microscopic changes of the synovial membrane. METHODS: Forty eight rats were divided randomly into two groups. The first received 0.9% saline in the joint and corresponded to the control group. The second was submitted to experimental osteoarthritis of the right knee induced by monosodium iodoacetate and corresponded to the osteoarthritis group. All animals were subjected to comparative tests of forced ambulation and joint movements, inability to articulate and tactile allodynia on day 1 post-experiment by forced ambulation (Roto-rod test), joint assessment of disability (weight bearing test) and assessment of tactile allodynia (Von Frey test). After inflammatory induction they were divided into four sub-groups corresponding to the scheduled death in 7, 14, 21 and 28 days when they were submitted to radiographic examination of the knee, arthrotomy and collection of the synovial membrane. RESULTS: The osteoarthritis group showed significant differences compared to control group on days 7 and 14 in Roto-rod, in weight bearing and Von Frey tests in all days, and in radiological evaluation. Microscopic examination of the synovial membrane showed abnormalities of inflammatory character at all stages. CONCLUSION: The osteoarthritis induced by intra-articular monosodium iodoacetate in rats knee is a good model to be used in related research, because it provides mensurable changes on joint movements, tactile allodynia, progressive radiological degeneration and microscopic inflammation of the synovial membrane, that represent markers for osteoarthritis evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Vieira de Morais
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Principles of Surgery, Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná (FEPAR), Universidade Evangélica, Hospital de Curitiba, Medical Research Institute, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study
| | - Nicolau Gregori Czeczko
- Associate Professor, Postgraduate Program in Principles of Surgery, FEPAR, Universidade Evangélica, Hospital de Curitiba, Medical Research Institute, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study, interpretation of data, critical revision
| | - Osvaldo Malafaia
- Full Professor, Postgraduate Program in Principles of Surgery FEPAR, Universidade Evangélica, Hospital de Curitiba, Medical Research Institute, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study, interpretation of data, critical revision
| | - Jurandir Marcondes Ribas
- Associate Professor, Postgraduate Program in Principles of Surgery, FEPAR, Universidade Evangélica, Hospital de Curitiba, Medical Research Institute, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study, interpretation of data, critical revision
| | - João Batista Santos Garcia
- Associate Professor, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Sao Luiz-MA, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study
| | - Marcelo Tizzot Miguel
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Principles of Surgery, Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná (FEPAR), Universidade Evangélica, Hospital de Curitiba, Medical Research Institute, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study
| | - Cassio Zini
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Principles of Surgery, Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná (FEPAR), Universidade Evangélica, Hospital de Curitiba, Medical Research Institute, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study
| | - Angeline Garcez Massignan
- Graduate student, FEPAR, Universidade Evangélica, Hospital de Curitiba, Medical Research Institute, Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Acquisition of data
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
The effects of different frequency treadmill exercise on lipoxin A4 and articular cartilage degeneration in an experimental model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179162. [PMID: 28594958 PMCID: PMC5464632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the effects of different frequencies treadmill exercise with total exercise time being constancy on articular cartilage, lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and the NF-κB pathway in rat model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis (OA). Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): controls (CG), knee OA model (OAG), OA + treadmill exercise once daily (OAE1), OA + treadmill exercise twice daily, rest interval between exercise>4h (OAE2) and OA + treadmill exercise three times daily, rest interval between exercise>4h (OAE3). Rats were evaluated after completing the treadmill exercise program (speed, 18 m/min; total exercise time 60 min/day; 5 days/week for 8 weeks). Interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and LXA4 in serum and intra-articular lavage fluid were measured by ELISA. Changes in articular cartilage were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and quantitative real-time-PCR. LXA4 in the serum and intra-articular lavage fluid increased in all OAE groups, and histological evaluation indicated that the OAE3 group had the best treatment response. The expression of COL2A1 and IκB-β in articular cartilage increased in all OAE groups vs the OAG group, whereas expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, and NF-κB p65 was reduced in all OAE groups compared with the OAG. Under the condition of 60 min treadmill exercise with moderate-intensity, to fulfill in three times would have better chondroprotective effects than to fulfill in two or one time on monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA in rats. And it may be worked through the anti-inflammatory activity of LXA4 and the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
|
59
|
A Botanical Composition Mitigates Cartilage Degradations and Pain Sensitivity in Osteoarthritis Disease Model. J Med Food 2017; 20:568-576. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
60
|
Jacobs BY, Dunnigan K, Pires-Fernandes M, Allen KD. Unique spatiotemporal and dynamic gait compensations in the rat monoiodoacetate injection and medial meniscus transection models of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:750-758. [PMID: 27986622 PMCID: PMC5403559 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In rodent osteoarthritis (OA) models, behavioral changes are often subtle and require highly sensitive methods to detect these changes. Gait analysis is one assay that may provide sensitive, quantitative measurement of these behavioral changes. To increase detection sensitivity of gait assessments relative to spatiotemporal gait collection alone, we combined our spatiotemporal and dynamic gait collection systems. Using this combined system, gait was assessed in the rat medial meniscus transection (MMT) model and monoiodoacetate (MIA) injection model of knee OA. DESIGN 36 male Lewis rats were separated into MMT (n = 8), medial collateral ligament transection (MCLT) (n = 8), skin incision (n = 4), MIA injection (n = 8), and saline injection (n = 8) groups. After initiation of OA, gait data were collected weekly in each group out to 4 weeks. RESULTS The MMT and MIA injection models produced unique pathologic gait profiles, with MMT animals developing a shuffling gait and MIA injection animals exhibiting antalgic gait. Spatiotemporal changes were also observed in the MMT model at week 1 (P < 0.01), but were not observed in the MIA injection model until week 3 (P < 0.01). Dynamic gait changes were observed in both models as early as 1 week post-surgery (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Combined analysis of spatiotemporal and dynamic gait data increased detection sensitivity for gait modification in two rat OA models. Analyzing the combined gait data provided a robust characterization of the pathologic gait produced by each model. Furthermore, this characterization revealed different patterns of gait compensations in two common rat models of knee OA.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal
- Biopsy, Needle
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gait/physiology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Injections, Intra-Articular
- Iodoacetic Acid/pharmacology
- Male
- Menisci, Tibial/drug effects
- Menisci, Tibial/pathology
- Menisci, Tibial/surgery
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/drug therapy
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Random Allocation
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Y Jacobs
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - K Dunnigan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - M Pires-Fernandes
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - K D Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Neogi T, Guermazi A, Roemer F, Nevitt MC, Scholz J, Arendt-Nielsen L, Woolf C, Niu J, Bradley LA, Quinn E, Law LF. Association of Joint Inflammation With Pain Sensitization in Knee Osteoarthritis: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:654-61. [PMID: 26554395 DOI: 10.1002/art.39488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pain sensitization is associated with pain severity in knee osteoarthritis (OA), but its cause in humans is not well understood. We examined whether inflammation, assessed as synovitis and effusion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or mechanical load, assessed as bone marrow lesions (BMLs), was associated with sensitization in knee OA. METHODS Subjects in the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study, a National Institutes of Health-funded cohort of persons with or at risk of knee OA, underwent radiography and MRI of the knee, and standardized quantitative sensory testing (temporal summation and pressure pain threshold [PPT]) of the wrist and patellae at baseline and 2 years later. We examined the relation of synovitis, effusion, and BMLs to temporal summation and PPT cross-sectionally and longitudinally. RESULTS There were 1,111 subjects in the study sample (mean age 67 years, mean body mass index 30 kg/m(2) , 62% female). Synovitis was associated with a significant decrease in PPT at the patella (i.e., more sensitized) over 2 years (adjusted β -0.30 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) -0.52, -0.08]). Effusion was similarly associated with a decrease in PPT at the wrist (adjusted β -0.24 [95% CI -0.41, -0.08]) and with risk of incident temporal summation at the patella (adjusted OR 1.54 [95% CI 1.01, 2.36]). BMLs were not associated with either quantitative sensory testing measure. CONCLUSION Inflammation, as evidenced by synovitis or effusion, is associated with pain sensitization in knee OA. In contrast, BMLs do not appear to contribute to sensitization in knee OA. Early targeting of inflammation is a reasonable strategy to test for prevention of sensitization and through this, reduction of pain severity, in knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joachim Scholz
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Jingbo Niu
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Laura Frey Law
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Qu L, Caterina MJ. Enhanced excitability and suppression of A-type K(+) currents in joint sensory neurons in a murine model of antigen-induced arthritis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28899. [PMID: 27363579 PMCID: PMC4929491 DOI: 10.1038/srep28899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a dominant symptom of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its adequate treatment represents a major unmet need. However, the cellular mechanisms that drive arthritis pain are largely unexplored. Here, we examined the changes in the activity of joint sensory neurons and the associated ionic mechanisms using an animal model of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). Methylated-bovine serum albumin (mBSA), but not vehicle challenge, in the ankle of previously immunized mice produced time-dependent symptoms of arthritis, including joint inflammation, primary mechanical hyperalgesia in the ipsilateral ankle, and secondary mechanical and heat hyperalgesia in the ipsilateral hindpaw. In vivo electrophysiological recordings revealed that Dil-labeled joint sensory neurons in AIA mice exhibited a greater incidence of spontaneous activity, mechanically evoked after-discharges, and/or increased responses to mechanical stimulation of their receptive fields, compared to control animals. Whole-cell recordings in vitro showed that AIA enhanced the excitability of joint sensory neurons. These signs of neuronal hyperexcitability were associated with a significant reduction in the density of A-type K+ currents. Thus, our data suggest that neuronal hyperexcitability, brought about in part by reduced A-type K+ currents, may contribute to pain-related behaviors that accompany antigen-induced arthritis and/or other antigen-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lintao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Caterina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Pitcher T, Sousa-Valente J, Malcangio M. The Monoiodoacetate Model of Osteoarthritis Pain in the Mouse. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27214709 PMCID: PMC4942175 DOI: 10.3791/53746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A major symptom of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) is pain that is triggered by peripheral as well as central changes within the pain pathways. The current treatments for OA pain such as NSAIDS or opiates are neither sufficiently effective nor devoid of detrimental side effects. Animal models of OA are being developed to improve our understanding of OA-related pain mechanisms and define novel pharmacological targets for therapy. Currently available models of OA in rodents include surgical and chemical interventions into one knee joint. The monoiodoacetate (MIA) model has become a standard for modelling joint disruption in OA in both rats and mice. The model, which is easier to perform in the rat, involves injection of MIA into a knee joint that induces rapid pain-like responses in the ipsilateral limb, the level of which can be controlled by injection of different doses. Intra-articular injection of MIA disrupts chondrocyte glycolysis by inhibiting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatase dehydrogenase and results in chondrocyte death, neovascularization, subchondral bone necrosis and collapse, as well as inflammation. The morphological changes of the articular cartilage and bone disruption are reflective of some aspects of patient pathology. Along with joint damage, MIA injection induces referred mechanical sensitivity in the ipsilateral hind paw and weight bearing deficits that are measurable and quantifiable. These behavioral changes resemble some of the symptoms reported by the patient population, thereby validating the MIA injection in the knee as a useful and relevant pre-clinical model of OA pain. The aim of this article is to describe the methodology of intra-articular injections of MIA and the behavioral recordings of the associated development of hypersensitivity with a mind to highlight the necessary steps to give consistent and reliable recordings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pitcher
- Wolfson Centre for Age Related Diseases, King's College London
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Ziaei A, Sahranavard S, Gharagozlou MJ, Faizi M. Preliminary investigation of the effects of topical mixture of Lawsonia inermis L. and Ricinus communis L. leaves extract in treatment of osteoarthritis using MIA model in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 24:12. [PMID: 27142000 PMCID: PMC4855329 DOI: 10.1186/s40199-016-0152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Many plants have been introduced in Iranian traditional medicine for treatment of different joint problems including knee pain. Topical application of the mixture of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves (Henna) with aqueous extract of Ricinus communis L. leaves have been mentioned to have significant effects on reducing knee pain. The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the mixture of these two herbs in male rats. Methods We induced knee osteoarthritis as a model of chronic pain by intra-articular injection of mono sodium iodoacetate (MIA). Mechanical allodynia, hotplate latency test, spontaneous movements and gait analysis were used for the evaluation of analgesic activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring the diameter and the volume of the injected paw compared to contralateral paw. These tests were monitored at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 of MIA administration. Histopathological evaluations were also used to assess the efficacy of the treatment on inflammation and lesions in knee tissue. In all tests, diclofenac topical gel was used as a positive control. The herbal extracts, their mixture, and vehicle or diclofenac gel were administered daily for 14 days by topical route. Results The mixture of these two extracts significantly reduced the knee joint width and volume of the injected paws and also improved foot prints in gait analysis after 3 days of MIA injection. Analysis of mechanical allodynia (after 21 days), hotplate latency test (after 10 days), spontaneous movements (after 7 days) and in positive control group (after 3 days in all tests and in mechanical allodynia after 14 days) compared to the vehicle group, showed significant effects. Topical usage of the selected formulation made significant histopathological changes on the knee of the rats. Compared to the vehicle group, the tests and diclofenac groups showed less reactions characterized by negligible edema and a few scattered inflammatory lymphoid cells. Conclusion The present findings showed that the present formulation not only was able to mitigate pain and inflammation in the paws but also made significant histopathological changes on the knee of the rats. Further studies are necessary to confirm the effect of the formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Ziaei
- Traditional Medicine and Material Medical Research Center; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamim Sahranavard
- Traditional Medicine and Material Medical Research Center; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Kumari RR, More AS, Gupta G, Lingaraju MC, Balaganur V, Kumar P, Kumar D, Sharma AK, Mishra SK, Tandan SK. Effect of alcoholic extract of Entada pursaetha DC on monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis pain in rats. Indian J Med Res 2016; 141:454-62. [PMID: 26112847 PMCID: PMC4510726 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.159296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by joint pain and progressive loss of articular cartilage. Entada pursaetha has been traditionally used in the treatment of inflammatory disease, liver ailment, etc. In this study we investigated suppressive effect of ethanolic extract of E. pursaetha (EPE) on monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis pain and disease progression by histopathological changes in joints in a rat model. METHODS OA was induced in right knee of rat by intra-articular injection of 3 mg of MIA and characterized by pathological progression of disease and pain of affected joint. Spontaneous movements, mechanical, thermal and cold sensitivity were monitored at days 0 (before drug and MIA injection), 7, 14 and 21 of MIA administration. EPE (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg), vehicle or etoricoxib (10 mg/ kg; reference drug) were administered daily for 21 days by oral route. RESULTS EPE at various doses significantly reduced mechanical, heat, cold hyperalgesia and increased the horizontal and vertical movements in intra-articular MIA injected rats. EPE prevented the damage to cartilage structure and reduced the cellular abnormalities. Articular cartilage of rats treated with EPE at 300 mg/kg group was almost normal with well-developed smooth surface and chondrocytes were distributed individually or arranged in column. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS The present findings showed that the EPE was not only able to mitigate pain and hyperalgesia but also inhibited MIA-induced cartilage degeneration in vivo. EPE may have the potential to become therapeutic modality in the treatment of osteoarthritis. However, further studies need to be done to confirm these findings in other models and clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Surendra Kumar Tandan
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Park SJ, Yong MS, Na SS. Effect of exercise on the expression of nerve growth factor in the spinal cord of rats with induced osteoarthritis. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2551-4. [PMID: 26357438 PMCID: PMC4563312 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We examined the impact of exercise on the expression pattern of nerve growth
factor in the spinal cord of rats with induced osteoarthritis of the knee joint. [Subjects
and Methods] To produce monosodium iodoacetate-induced arthritis, rats were administered
3 mg/50 µL monosodium iodoacetate through the interarticular space of the right knee. The
animals were randomly divided into four groups: rats sacrificed 3 weeks after 0.9% saline
solution injection (shame group, n = 10), rats sacrificed 3 weeks after monosodium
iodoacetate injection (control group, n = 10), rats with 4 weeks rest from 3 weeks after
monosodium iodoacetate injection (no exercise group, n = 10), and rats with 4 weeks
treadmill training from 3 weeks after monosodium iodoacetate injection (exercise group, n
= 10). Serial coronal sections of the lumbar spine were cut and processed for
immunohistochemistry. [Results] The expression of nerve growth factor was significantly
increased in the EG compared with the SG, CG, and NEG. [Conclusion] Increased nerve growth
factor expression in the spinal cord due to exercise-induced stimulation can be effective
in treating chronic pain. Such treatment will contribute not only to improving the joint
function of patients with chronic pain but also their quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Yong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Youngsan University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Su Na
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Kwon JH, Han MS, Lee BM, Lee YM. Inhibitory effect of Angelica gigas extract powder on induced inflammatory cytokines in rats osteoarthritis. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.5806/ast.2015.28.4.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
68
|
Rahman W, Patel R, Dickenson AH. Electrophysiological evidence for voltage-gated calcium channel 2 (Cav2) modulation of mechano- and thermosensitive spinal neuronal responses in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Neuroscience 2015; 305:76-85. [PMID: 26247695 PMCID: PMC4564012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MIA-dependent antinociceptive effect of TROX-1 on neuronal activity. Alterations in Cav2.2 channel function contribute to osteoarthritic (OA) pain. Blocking Cav2.2 channels has therapeutic potential for treating OA pain.
Osteoarthritis (OA) remains one of the greatest healthcare burdens in western society, with chronic debilitating pain-dominating clinical presentation yet therapeutic strategies are inadequate in many patients. Development of better analgesics is contingent on improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating OA pain. Voltage-gated calcium channels 2.2 (Cav2.2) play a critical role in spinal nociceptive transmission, therefore blocking Cav2.2 activity represents an attractive opportunity for OA pain treatment, but the only available licensed Cav2.2 antagonist ziconitide (PrilatTM) is of limited use. TROX-1 is an orally available, use dependent and state-selective Cav2 antagonist, exerting its analgesic effect primarily via Cav2.2 blockade, with an improved therapeutic window compared with ziconitide. Using a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA), 2 mg, induced OA we used in vivo electrophysiology to assess the effects of spinal or systemic administration of TROX-1 on the evoked activity of wide dynamic range spinal dorsal horn neurons in response to electrical, natural mechanical (dynamic brush and von Frey 2, 8, 26 and 6 g) and thermal (40, 45 and 45 °C) stimuli applied to the peripheral receptive field. MIA injection into the knee joint resulted in mechanical hypersensitivity of the ipsilateral hind paw and weight-bearing asymmetry. Spinal administration of TROX-1 (0.1 and 1 μg/50 μl) produced a significant dose-related inhibition of dynamic brush, mechanical (von Frey filament (vF) 8, 26 and 60 g) and noxious thermal-(45 and 48 °C) evoked neuronal responses in MIA rats only. Systemic administration of TROX-1 produced a significant inhibition of the mechanical-(vF 8, 26 and 60 g) evoked neuronal responses in MIA rats. TROX-1 did not produce any significant effect on any neuronal measure in Sham controls. Our in vivo electrophysiological results demonstrate a pathological state-dependent effect of TROX-1, which suggests an increased functional role of Cav2, likely Cav2.2, channels in mediating OA pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Rahman
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - R Patel
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - A H Dickenson
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
|
70
|
Emerging targets and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of osteoarthritis pain. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2015; 9:124-30. [DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
71
|
Rahman W, Dickenson AH. Osteoarthritis-dependent changes in antinociceptive action of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 sodium channel blockers: An in vivo electrophysiological study in the rat. Neuroscience 2015; 295:103-16. [PMID: 25818052 PMCID: PMC4414363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MIA-dependent antinociceptive effect of ProTxII and A-803467 on neuronal activity. Changes in Nav1.7 and 1.8 channel function contribute to osteoarthritic pain. Blocking Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 channels has therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteoarthritic pain.
Voltage-gated sodium channel blockers are not traditionally recommended for osteoarthritis (OA) pain therapy, but given the large peripheral drive that follows OA development there is a rationale for their use. Using a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA we used in vivo electrophysiology to assess the effects of the Nav1.7- and Nav1.8-selective antagonists, ProTxII and A-803467 respectively, on the evoked activity of spinal dorsal horn neurons in response to electrical, mechanical and thermal stimuli applied to the peripheral receptive field. These studies allow examination of the roles of these channels in suprathreshold stimuli, not amenable to behavioral threshold measures. Spinal administration of ProTxII significantly reduced neuronal responses evoked by mechanical punctate (von Frey (vF) 8–60 g) and noxious thermal (45 and 48 °C) stimuli in MIA rats only. A-803467 significantly inhibited neuronal responses evoked by vF 8–60 g and 48 °C heat after spinal administration; significantly inhibited responses evoked by brush, vFs 26–60 g and 40–48 °C stimuli after systemic administration; significantly inhibited the electrically evoked Aδ-, C-fiber, post-discharge, Input and wind-up responses and the brush, vFs 8–60 g and 45–48 °C evoked neuronal responses after intra plantar injection in the MIA group. In comparison A-803467 effects in the sham group were minimal and included a reduction of the neuronal response evoked by vF 60 g and 45 °C heat stimulation after spinal administration, no effect after systemic administration and an inhibition of the evoked response to 45 °C heat after intra plantar injection only. The observed selective inhibitory effect of ProTxII and A-803467 for the MIA-treated group suggests an increased role of Nav1.7 and 1.8 within nociceptive pathways in the arthritic condition, located at peripheral and central sites. These findings demonstrate the importance of, and add to, the mechanistic understanding of these channels in osteoarthritic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Rahman
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - A H Dickenson
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ikeuchi M, Izumi M, Aso K, Sugimura N, Kato T, Tani T. Effects of intra‐articular hyaluronic acid injection on immunohistochemical characterization of joint afferents in a rat model of knee osteoarthritis. Eur J Pain 2015; 19:334-40. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ikeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kochi Medical School Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| | - M. Izumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kochi Medical School Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| | - K. Aso
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kochi Medical School Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| | - N. Sugimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kochi Medical School Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| | - T. Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kochi Medical School Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| | - T. Tani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Kochi Medical School Kochi University Nankoku Japan
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
UP3005, a Botanical Composition Containing Two Standardized Extracts of Uncaria gambir and Morus alba, Improves Pain Sensitivity and Cartilage Degradations in Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Rat OA Disease Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:785638. [PMID: 25802546 PMCID: PMC4353658 DOI: 10.1155/2015/785638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease primarily noted by cartilage degradation in association with inflammation that causes significant morbidity, joint pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. Present-day management of OA is inadequate due to the lack of principal therapies proven to be effective in hindering disease progression where symptomatic therapy focused approach masks the actual etiology leading to irreversible damage. Here, we describe the effect of UP3005, a composition containing a proprietary blend of two standardized extracts from the leaf of Uncaria gambir and the root bark of Morus alba, in maintaining joint structural integrity and alleviating OA associated symptoms in monosodium-iodoacetate- (MIA-) induced rat OA disease model. Pain sensitivity, micro-CT, histopathology, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) level analysis were conducted. Diclofenac at 10 mg/kg was used as a reference compound. UP3005 resulted in almost a complete inhibition in proteoglycans degradation, reductions of 16.6% (week 4), 40.5% (week 5), and 22.0% (week 6) in pain sensitivity, statistically significant improvements in articular cartilage matrix integrity, minimal visual subchondral bone damage, and statistically significant increase in bone mineral density when compared to the vehicle control with MIA. Therefore, UP3005 could potentially be considered as an alternative therapy from natural sources for the treatment of OA and/or its associated symptoms.
Collapse
|
74
|
Rahman W, Dickenson AH. Antinociceptive effects of lacosamide on spinal neuronal and behavioural measures of pain in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:509. [PMID: 25533381 PMCID: PMC4308925 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alterations in voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) function have been linked to chronic pain and are good targets for analgesics. Lacosamide (LCM) is a novel anticonvulsant that enhances the slow inactivation state of VGSCs. This conformational state can be induced by repeated neuronal firing and/or under conditions of sustained membrane depolarisation, as is expected for hyperexcitable neurones in pathological conditions such as epilepsy and neuropathy, and probably osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, therefore, we examined the antinociceptive effect of LCM on spinal neuronal and behavioural measures of pain, in vivo, in a rat OA model. Methods OA was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by intraarticular injection of 2 mg of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Sham rats received saline injections. Behavioural responses to mechanical and cooling stimulation of the ipsilateral hind paw and hindlimb weight-bearing were recorded. In vivo electrophysiology experiments were performed in anaesthetised MIA or sham rats, and we recorded the effects of spinal or systemic administration of LCM on the evoked responses of dorsal horn neurones to electrical, mechanical (brush, von Frey, 2 to 60 g) and heat (40°C to 50°C) stimulation of the peripheral receptive field. The effect of systemic LCM on nociceptive behaviours was assessed. Results Behavioural hypersensitivity ipsilateral to knee injury was seen as a reduced paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation, an increase in paw withdrawal frequency to cooling stimulation and hind limb weight-bearing asymmetry in MIA-treated rats only. Spinal and systemic administration of LCM produced significant reductions of the electrical Aβ- and C-fibre evoked neuronal responses and the mechanical and thermal evoked neuronal responses in the MIA group only. Systemic administration of LCM significantly reversed the behavioural hypersensitive responses to mechanical and cooling stimulation of the ipsilateral hind paw, but hind limb weight-bearing asymmetry was not corrected. Conclusions Our in vivo electrophysiological results show that the inhibitory effects of LCM were MIA-dependent. This suggests that, if used in OA patients, LCM may allow physiological transmission but suppress secondary hyperalgesia and allodynia. The inhibitory effect on spinal neuronal firing aligned with analgesic efficacy on nociceptive behaviours and suggests that LCM may still prove worthwhile for OA pain treatment and merits further clinical investigation.
Collapse
|
75
|
Rialland P, Otis C, Moreau M, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Beaudry F, del Castillo JR, Bertaim T, Gauvin D, Troncy E. Association between sensitisation and pain-related behaviours in an experimental canine model of osteoarthritis. Pain 2014; 155:2071-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
76
|
A preclinical physiological assay to test modulation of knee joint pain in the spinal cord: effects of oxycodone and naproxen. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106108. [PMID: 25157947 PMCID: PMC4144976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing in the spinal cord during disease states can reveal mechanisms for novel treatments, yet very little is known about pain processing at this level in the most commonly used animal models of articular pain. Here we report a test of the prediction that two clinically effective compounds, naproxen (an NSAID) and oxycodone (an opiate), are efficacious in reducing the response of spinal dorsal horn neurons to noxious knee joint rotation in the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) sensitized rat. The overall objective for these experiments was to develop a high quality in vivo electrophysiology assay to confidently test novel compounds for efficacy against pain. Given the recent calls for improved preclinical experimental quality we also developed and implemented an Assay Capability Tool to determine the quality of our assay and ensure the quality of our results. Spinal dorsal horn neurons receiving input from the hind limb knee joint were recorded in anesthetized rats 14 days after they were sensitized with 1 mg of MIA. Intravenous administered oxycodone and naproxen were each tested separately for their effects on phasic, tonic, ongoing and afterdischarge action potential counts in response to innocuous and noxious knee joint rotation. Oxycodone reduced tonic spike counts more than the other measures, doing so by up to 85%. Tonic counts were therefore designated the primary endpoint when testing naproxen which reduced counts by up to 81%. Both reductions occurred at doses consistent with clinically effective doses for osteoarthritis. These results demonstrate that clinically effective doses of standard treatments for osteoarthritis reduce pain processing measured at the level of the spinal cord for two different mechanisms. The Assay Capability Tool helped to guide experimental design leading to a high quality and robust preclinical assay to use in discovering novel treatments for pain.
Collapse
|
77
|
Bowles RD, Mata BA, Bell RD, Mwangi TK, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Setton LA. In vivo luminescence imaging of NF-κB activity and serum cytokine levels predict pain sensitivities in a rodent model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:637-46. [PMID: 24574224 DOI: 10.1002/art.38279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between NF-κB activity, cytokine levels, and pain sensitivities in a rodent model of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS OA was induced in transgenic NF-κB-luciferase reporter mice via intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Using luminescence imaging we evaluated the temporal kinetics of NF-κB activity and its relationship to the development of pain sensitivities and serum cytokine levels in this model. RESULTS MIA induced a transient increase in joint-related NF-κB activity at early time points (day 3 after injection) and an associated biphasic pain response (mechanical allodynia). NF-κB activity, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and IL-10 levels accounted for ∼75% of the variability in pain-related mechanical sensitivities in this model. Specifically, NF-κB activity was strongly correlated with mechanical allodynia and serum IL-6 levels in the inflammatory pain phase of this model (day 3), while serum IL-1β was strongly correlated with pain sensitivities in the chronic pain phase of the model (day 28). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NF-κB activity, IL-6, and IL-1β may play distinct roles in pain sensitivity development in this model of arthritis and may distinguish the acute pain phase from the chronic pain phase. This study establishes luminescence imaging of NF-κB activity as a novel imaging biomarker of pain sensitivities in this model of OA.
Collapse
|
78
|
Neogi T, Frey-Law L, Scholz J, Niu J, Arendt-Nielsen L, Woolf C, Nevitt M, Bradley L, Felson DT. Sensitivity and sensitisation in relation to pain severity in knee osteoarthritis: trait or state? Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 74:682-8. [PMID: 24351516 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It is not clear whether heightened pain sensitivity in knee osteoarthritis (OA) is related to sensitisation induced by nociceptive input from OA pathology ('state') versus other confounding factors. Conversely, some individuals may be predisposed to sensitisation irrespective of OA ('trait'). METHODS The Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study is a longitudinal cohort of persons with or at risk of knee OA. We obtained knee X-rays, pain questionnaires and comprehensive assessment of factors that can influence pain sensitivity. We examined the relation of sensitisation and sensitivity assessed by mechanical temporal summation (TS) and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) to knee OA and knee pain severity. To test whether sensitisation and sensitivity is a 'state' induced by OA pathology, we examined the relation of PPT and TS to knee OA duration and severity. RESULTS In 2126 subjects (mean age 68, mean body mass index (BMI) 31, 61% female), PPT and TS were not associated with radiographic OA (ORs 0.9-1.0 for PPT and TS; p>0.05). However, PPT and TS were associated with pain severity (ORs: 1.7-2.0 for PPT; 1.3-1.6 for TS; p<0.05). Knee OA duration and radiographic severity were not associated with PPT or TS. CONCLUSIONS PPT and TS were associated with OA-related pain, but not radiographic OA after accounting for pertinent confounders in this large cohort. Lack of association with disease duration suggests at least some sensitisation and pain sensitivity may be a trait rather than state. Understanding the relationship between pathological pain and pain sensitivity/sensitisation offers insight into OA pain risk factors and pain management opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Neogi
- Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura Frey-Law
- Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joachim Scholz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jingbo Niu
- Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Clifford Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Center and Program in Neurobiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Nevitt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Laurence Bradley
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David T Felson
- Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Yu D, Liu F, Liu M, Zhao X, Wang X, Li Y, Mao Y, Zhu Z. The inhibition of subchondral bone lesions significantly reversed the weight-bearing deficit and the overexpression of CGRP in DRG neurons, GFAP and Iba-1 in the spinal dorsal horn in the monosodium iodoacetate induced model of osteoarthritis pain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77824. [PMID: 24204985 PMCID: PMC3813732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is the most prominent and disabling symptom of osteoarthritis (OA). Clinical data suggest that subchondral bone lesions contribute to the occurrence of joint pain. The present study investigated the effect of the inhibition of subchondral bone lesions on joint pain. METHODS Osteoarthritic pain was induced by an injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the rat knee joint. Zoledronic acid (ZOL), a third generation of bisphosphonate, was used to inhibit subchondral bone lesions. Joint histomorphology was evaluated using X-ray micro computed tomography scanning and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The activity of osteoclast in subchondral bone was evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Joint pain was evaluated using weight-bearing asymmetry, the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and spinal glial activation status using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) immunofluorescence. Afferent neurons in the DRGs that innervated the joints were identified using retrograde fluorogold labeling. RESULTS MIA injections induced significant histomorphological alterations and joint pain. The inhibition of subchondral bone lesions by ZOL significantly reduced the MIA-induced weight-bearing deficit and overexpression of CGRP in DRG neurons, GFAP and Iba-1 in the spinal dorsal horn at 3 and 6 weeks after MIA injection; however, joint swelling and synovial reaction were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of subchondral bone lesions alleviated joint pain. Subchondral bone lesions should be a key target in the management of osteoarthritic joint pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Degang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanqing Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenan Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Kelly S, Chapman RJ, Woodhams S, Sagar DR, Turner J, Burston JJ, Bullock C, Paton K, Huang J, Wong A, McWilliams DF, Okine BN, Barrett DA, Hathway GJ, Walsh DA, Chapman V. Increased function of pronociceptive TRPV1 at the level of the joint in a rat model of osteoarthritis pain. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 74:252-9. [PMID: 24152419 PMCID: PMC4283626 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blockade of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) with systemic antagonists attenuates osteoarthritis (OA) pain behaviour in rat models, but on-target-mediated hyperthermia has halted clinical trials. The present study investigated the potential for targeting TRPV1 receptors within the OA joint in order to produce analgesia. METHODS The presence of TRPV1 receptors in human synovium was detected using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In a rat model of OA, joint levels of an endogenous ligand for TRPV1, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Effects of peripheral administration of the TRPV1 receptor antagonist JNJ-17203212 on afferent fibre activity, pain behaviour and core body temperature were investigated. Effects of a spinal administration of JNJ-17203212 on dorsal horn neuronal responses were studied. RESULTS We demonstrate increased TRPV1 immunoreactivity in human OA synovium, confirming the diseased joint as a potential therapeutic target for TRPV1-mediated analgesia. In a model of OA pain, we report increased joint levels of 12-HETE, and the sensitisation of joint afferent neurones to mechanical stimulation of the knee. Local administration of JNJ-17203212 reversed this sensitisation of joint afferents and inhibited pain behaviour (weight-bearing asymmetry), to a comparable extent as systemic JNJ-17203212, in this model of OA pain, but did not alter core body temperature. There was no evidence for increased TRPV1 function in the spinal cord in this model of OA pain. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a clinical and mechanistic rationale for the future investigation of the therapeutic benefits of intra-articular administration of TRPV1 antagonists for the treatment of OA pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kelly
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - R J Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - S Woodhams
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - D R Sagar
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Turner
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - J J Burston
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Bullock
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - K Paton
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, UK
| | - J Huang
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Wong
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D F McWilliams
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Division of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - B N Okine
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - D A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - G J Hathway
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - D A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK Division of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - V Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Zhang RX, Ren K, Dubner R. Osteoarthritis pain mechanisms: basic studies in animal models. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1308-15. [PMID: 23973145 PMCID: PMC3771690 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex and painful disease of the whole joint. At present there are no satisfying agents for treating OA. To promote OA research and improved treatment, this review summarizes current preclinical evidence on the development of OA. METHODS Preclinical OA research was searched and key findings are summarized and commented. RESULTS Mechanisms of OA-associated pain have been studied in rodent knee OA models produced by intra-knee injection of the chondrocyte glycolytic inhibitor mono-iodoacetate (MIA), surgery, or spontaneous development in some species. These models are clinically relevant in terms of histological damage and functional changes, and are used to study mechanisms underlying mechanical, thermal, ambulatory, body weight supporting-evoked, and ongoing OA pain. Recent peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal biochemical and electrophysiological studies in these models suggest that peripheral pro-inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides sensitize knee nociceptors. Spinal cytokines and neuropeptides promote OA pain, and peripheral and spinal cannabinoids inhibit OA pain respectively through cannabinoid-1 (CB1) and CB1/CB2 receptors. TRPV1 and metalloproteinases contribute and supraspinal descending facilitation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)/5-HT 3 receptors may also contribute to OA pain. Conditioned place preference tests demonstrate that OA pain induces aversive behaviors, suggesting the involvement of brain. During OA, brain functional connectivity is enhanced, but at present it is unclear how this change is related to OA pain. CONCLUSION Animal studies demonstrate that peripheral and central sensitization contributes to OA pain, involving inflammatory cytokines, neuropeptides, and a variety of chemical mediators. Interestingly, brainstem descending facilitation of 5-HT/5-HT3 receptors plays a role OA pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xin Zhang
- Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Ronald Dubner
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Malfait AM, Little CB, McDougall JJ. A commentary on modelling osteoarthritis pain in small animals. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1316-26. [PMID: 23973146 PMCID: PMC3903124 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the currently used animal models for the study of osteoarthritis (OA) pain, with an emphasis on small animals (predominantly mice and rats). OUTLINE Narrative review summarizing the opportunities and limitations of the most commonly used small animal models for the study of pain and pain pathways associated with OA, and discussing currently used methods for pain assessment. Involvement of neural degeneration in OA is briefly discussed. A list of considerations when studying pain-related behaviours and pathways in animal models of OA is proposed. CONCLUSIONS Animal models offer great potential to unravel the complex pathophysiology of OA pain, its molecular and temporal regulation. They constitute a critical pathway for developing and testing disease-specific symptom-modifying therapeutic interventions. However, a number of issues remain to be resolved in order to standardize pre-clinical OA pain research and to optimize translation to clinical trials and patient therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, and Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, To whom correspondence should be addressed
| | - Christopher B. Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Jason J. McDougall
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Abstract
Pain is a major clinical problem of osteoarthritis (OA). Recently, OA has been thought to be a disease of the whole joint with both destruction of cartilage and inflammatory components such as synovitis and bone marrow lesions. Clinical studies have documented a significant inflammatory soft tissue contribution to the severity and frequency of OA pain. Both clinical and experimental studies have provided evidence for the sensitization of pain pathways during OA, involving pronounced changes in joint nociceptors and changes of the nociceptive processing in the spinal cord, brainstem, and thalamocortical system. Additionally, evidence has been provided for neuropathic pain components in OA models. Concerning molecular mechanisms of OA pain and potential options for pain therapy, studies on nerve growth factor, cytokines, sodium channel blockers, hyaluronic acid preparations, and others are addressed in this review.
Collapse
|
84
|
Useful animal models for the research of osteoarthritis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2013; 24:263-71. [PMID: 23508348 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-013-1205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of suffering for millions of people. Investigating the disease directly on humans may be challenging. The aim of the present study is to investigate the advantages and limitations of the animal models currently used in OA research. The animal models are divided into induced and spontaneous. Induced models are further subdivided into surgical and chemical models, according to the procedure used to induce OA. Surgical induction of OA is the most commonly used procedure, which alters the exerted strain on the joint and/or alter load bearing leading to instability of the joint and induction of OA. Chemical models are generated by intra-articular injection of modifying factors or by systemically administering noxious agents, such as quinolones. Spontaneous models include naturally occurring and genetic models. Naturally occurring OA is described in certain species, while genetic models are developed by gene manipulation. Overall, there is no single animal model that is ideal for studying degenerative OA. However, in the present review, an attempt is made to clarify the most appropriate use of each model.
Collapse
|
85
|
Ogbonna AC, Clark AK, Gentry C, Hobbs C, Malcangio M. Pain-like behaviour and spinal changes in the monosodium iodoacetate model of osteoarthritis in C57Bl/6 mice. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:514-26. [PMID: 23169679 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent, age-related pain condition that poses a significant clinical problem. Here, in the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model of OA, we have characterized pain behaviours and associated changes at the first pain synapse in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. METHODS Mice received intra-articular injections of 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg MIA and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was monitored for up to 4 weeks. An intrathecal injection of peptide antagonist calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP8-37 ) was given 3 weeks post MIA and paw withdrawal thresholds were measured after 1 and 3 h. Immunohistochemical analysis of the lumbar dorsal horn was carried out and activity-evoked CGRP release was measured from isolated lumbar dorsal horn slices - with dorsal roots attached. RESULTS By 2 weeks after intra-articular MIA injection, mechanical hypersensitivity was established in the ipsilateral hindpaw. There was no evidence of sensory neuron damage in lumbar dorsal root ganglia 7 days after 1 mg MIA. However, both dorsal horn neuron activation and microglial response (Fos and Iba-1 immunostaining) but not reactive astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein) were observed. Evoked CGRP release was greater from dorsal horn slices of MIA-treated mice compared with control. Furthermore, intrathecal administration of peptide antagonist CGRP8-37 acutely attenuated established MIA-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Intra-articular MIA is associated with referred mechanical hypersensitivity and increased release of CGRP from primary afferent fibres in the dorsal horn where second-order neuron activation is associated with a microglial response. Antagonism of CGRP receptor activation provides a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of pain in OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Ogbonna
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Rashid MH, Theberge Y, Elmes SJ, Perkins MN, McIntosh F. Pharmacological validation of early and late phase of rat mono-iodoacetate model using the Tekscan system. Eur J Pain 2012; 17:210-22. [PMID: 22968802 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00176.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous pharmacological validations of the rat mono-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced chronic joint pain model were mostly performed by measuring weight-bearing (WB) deficit with an incapacitance tester. However, conventional incapacitance testers have several drawbacks including restrain stress on animal and sole use of hind limbs WB. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to compare pharmacological sensitivity of the early (up to 1 week after MIA) versus late (between 2 and 4 weeks after MIA) phase of the rat MIA model using a highly sensitive tactile pressure measurement system (Tekscan(®)), which can measure weight borne by all four limbs and the tail in a non-restrained animal. METHODS The Tekscan(®) WB measurement system was used in MIA rats to examine the acute and chronic dosing effects of drugs that targeted different mechanisms. Electrophysiological recordings from joint afferents and biochemical analysis of synovial fluid were also performed. RESULTS Dexamethasone, duloxetine and morphine significantly alleviated WB deficits in the Tekscan(®) system during both early and late phase of the MIA model while celecoxib and naproxen alleviated WB deficit only during the early phase. Similarly, naproxen was able to inhibit spontaneous neuronal activity from MIA joint afferents only during the early phase. Finally, concentrations of prostaglandin E(2) in synovial fluid were elevated only during the early phase of the rat MIA model. CONCLUSIONS Our pharmacological validation studies using the Tekscan(®) system along with electrophysiological and biochemical results suggest different mechanisms for early and late phase of MIA-induced chronic joint pain in rat.
Collapse
|
87
|
Izumi M, Ikeuchi M, Ji Q, Tani T. Local ASIC3 modulates pain and disease progression in a rat model of osteoarthritis. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:77. [PMID: 22909215 PMCID: PMC3520115 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent data have suggested a relationship between acute arthritic pain and acid sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) on primary afferent fibers innervating joints. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of ASIC3 in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA) which is considered a degenerative rather than an inflammatory disease. Methods We induced OA via intra-articular mono-iodoacetate (MIA) injection, and evaluated pain-related behaviors including weight bearing measured with an incapacitance tester and paw withdrawal threshold in a von Frey hair test, histology of affected knee joint, and immunohistochemistry of knee joint afferents. We also assessed the effect of ASIC3 selective peptide blocker (APETx2) on pain behavior, disease progression, and ASIC3 expression in knee joint afferents. Results OA rats showed not only weight-bearing pain but also mechanical hyperalgesia outside the knee joint (secondary hyperalgesia). ASIC3 expression in knee joint afferents was significantly upregulated approximately twofold at Day 14. Continuous intra-articular injections of APETx2 inhibited weight distribution asymmetry and secondary hyperalgesia by attenuating ASIC3 upregulation in knee joint afferents. Histology of ipsilateral knee joint showed APETx2 worked chondroprotectively if administered in the early, but not late phase. Conclusions Local ASIC3 immunoreactive nerve is strongly associated with weight-bearing pain and secondary hyperalgesia in MIA-induced OA model. APETx2 inhibited ASIC3 upregulation in knee joint afferents regardless of the time-point of administration. Furthermore, early administration of APETx2 prevented cartilage damage. APETx2 is a novel, promising drug for OA by relieving pain and inhibiting disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Izumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kochi University, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Ferreira-Gomes J, Adães S, Sousa RM, Mendonça M, Castro-Lopes JM. Dose-dependent expression of neuronal injury markers during experimental osteoarthritis induced by monoiodoacetate in the rat. Mol Pain 2012; 8:50. [PMID: 22769424 PMCID: PMC3495674 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It was recently reported that the mono-iodoacetate (MIA) experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA) courses with changes of neurons innervating the affected joints that are commonly interpreted as a neuronal response to axonal injury. To better characterize these changes, we evaluated the expression of two markers of neuronal damage, ATF-3 and NPY, and the growth associated protein GAP-43, in primary afferent neurons of OA animals injected with three different doses of MIA (0.3, 1 or 2 mg). Measurements were performed at days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 31 post-MIA injection. Results OA animals showed the characteristic histopathological changes of the joints and the accompanying nociceptive behaviour, evaluated by the Knee-Bed and CatWalk tests. An increase of ATF-3 expression was detected in the DRG of OA animals as early as 3 days after the injection of 1 or 2 mg of MIA and 7 days after the injection of 0.3 mg. NPY expression was increased in animals injected with 1 or 2 mg of MIA, at day 3 or in all time-points, respectively. From day 7 onwards there was a massive increase of GAP-43 expression in ATF-3 cells. Conclusions The expression of the neuronal injury markers ATF-3 and NPY as well as an up-regulation of GAP-43 expression, indicative of peripheral fibre regeneration, suggests that axonal injury and a regeneration response may be happening in this model of OA. This opens new perspectives in the unravelling of the physiopathology of the human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira-Gomes
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Kelly S, Dunham JP, Murray F, Read S, Donaldson LF, Lawson SN. Spontaneous firing in C-fibers and increased mechanical sensitivity in A-fibers of knee joint-associated mechanoreceptive primary afferent neurones during MIA-induced osteoarthritis in the rat. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:305-13. [PMID: 22285737 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) pain mechanisms are poorly understood. We used the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model of knee OA to characterize changes in excitability during the course of OA in different classes of mechanosensitive afferents projecting to joint-associated tissues, and examine whether these afferent responses and pain behavior are correlated. METHODS Rats were injected intra-articularly with MIA (1mg in 50 μl). Hind-limb weight bearing was studied 3 (MIA3) and 14 (MIA14) days after MIA, followed by deep anesthesia and teased-nerve-fiber recordings. Spontaneous activity (SA) and mechanically evoked responses of A- and C-mechanosensitive fibers (AM and CM respectively, probably nociceptive) innervating tissues associated with the ipsilateral knee joint were examined. RESULTS MIA3 and MIA14 rats exhibited reduced ipsilateral weight bearing. SA (>0.02 impulses/s) occurred in ∼50% of CMs from MIA rats vs 0% in normals. SA firing rates in CMs were significantly higher than normal; decreased weight bearing was correlated with increased CM SA rates. Neither percentages of AMs with SA (20%) nor their firing rates (0-0.01 impulses/s) significantly increased after MIA. In contrast, in MIA rats AMs, but not CMs, exhibited decreased mechanical thresholds and increased firing rates in response to suprathreshold mechanical stimulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings of increased SA firing rate in CMs but not AMs and increased mechanical sensitivity of AMs, but not CMs, have not previously been reported. These are two distinct important physiological mechanisms that may underpin spontaneous pain (CMs) and stimulus-evoked pain (AMs) in OA. Our data contribute to a mechanism-based understanding of OA pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kelly
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Thakur M, Rahman W, Hobbs C, Dickenson AH, Bennett DLH. Characterisation of a peripheral neuropathic component of the rat monoiodoacetate model of osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33730. [PMID: 22470467 PMCID: PMC3312347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint degeneration observed in the rat monoiodoacetate (MIA) model of osteoarthritis shares many histological features with the clinical condition. The accompanying pain phenotype has seen the model widely used to investigate the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis pain, and for preclinical screening of analgesic compounds. We have investigated the pathophysiological sequellae of MIA used at low (1 mg) or high (2 mg) dose. Intra-articular 2 mg MIA induced expression of ATF-3, a sensitive marker for peripheral neuron stress/injury, in small and large diameter DRG cell profiles principally at levels L4 and 5 (levels predominated by neurones innervating the hindpaw) rather than L3. At the 7 day timepoint, ATF-3 signal was significantly smaller in 1 mg MIA treated animals than in the 2 mg treated group. 2 mg, but not 1 mg, intra-articular MIA was also associated with a significant reduction in intra-epidermal nerve fibre density in plantar hindpaw skin, and produced spinal cord dorsal and ventral horn microgliosis. The 2 mg treatment evoked mechanical pain-related hypersensitivity of the hindpaw that was significantly greater than the 1 mg treatment. MIA treatment produced weight bearing asymmetry and cold hypersensitivity which was similar at both doses. Additionally, while pregabalin significantly reduced deep dorsal horn evoked neuronal responses in animals treated with 2 mg MIA, this effect was much reduced or absent in the 1 mg or sham treated groups. These data demonstrate that intra-articular 2 mg MIA not only produces joint degeneration, but also evokes significant axonal injury to DRG cells including those innervating targets outside of the knee joint such as hindpaw skin. This significant neuropathic component needs to be taken into account when interpreting studies using this model, particularly at doses greater than 1 mg MIA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Thakur
- Neuropharmacology of Pain Group, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Ferland CE, Beaudry F, Vachon P. Antinociceptive effects of eugenol evaluated in a monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis rat model. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1278-85. [PMID: 23015356 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether eugenol, the main constituent of clove oil, has the capacity to provide analgesia in the monoiodoacetate-induced rat model of osteoarthritis. Animals (n = 6/group) received either eugenol (20 or 40 mg/kg) or a vehicle by gavage. Daily administrations were initiated 2 days post osteoarthritis induction and continued for the duration of the study (4 weeks). Gait analysis was performed using the CatWalk method and secondary mechanical allodynia was assessed with von Frey filaments. Selected spinal cord peptides (substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide and dynorphin) were quantified by mass spectrometry. Significant changes were identified in dynamic gait parameters (swing speed, swing phase duration and duty cycle) of the affected limb following 40 mg/kg eugenol treatment compared with the vehicle (p < 0.05). Von Frey results revealed significant differences between the 40 mg/kg treatment and the vehicle group during the first and the third week of the study (p < 0.02). Spinal pain-related peptide analysis revealed a decreased content of substance P and CGRP accompanied by an increase of dynorphin in animals treated with 40 mg/kg eugenol. These results suggest a therapeutic potential of eugenol to alleviate osteoarthritis-related pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Ferland
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2 M2, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Schuelert N, McDougall JJ. Involvement of Nav 1.8 sodium ion channels in the transduction of mechanical pain in a rodent model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R5. [PMID: 22225591 PMCID: PMC3392791 DOI: 10.1186/ar3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A subgroup of voltage gated sodium channels including Nav1.8 are exclusively expressed on small diameter primary afferent neurons and are therefore believed to be integral to the neurotransmission of nociceptive pain. The present study examined whether local application of A-803467, a selective blocker of the Nav 1.8 sodium channel, can reduce nociceptive transmission from the joint in a rodent model of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS OA-like changes were induced in male Wistar rats by an intra-articular injection of 3 mg sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA). Joint nociception was measured at day 14 by recording electrophysiologically from knee joint primary afferents in response to non-noxious and noxious rotation of the joint both before and following close intra-arterial injection of A-803467. The effect of Nav1.8 blockade on joint pain perception and secondary allodynia were determined in MIA treated animals by hindlimb incapacitance and von Frey hair algesiometry respectively. RESULTS A-803467 significantly reduced the firing rate of joint afferents during noxious rotation of the joint but had no effect during non-noxious rotation. In the pain studies, peripheral injection of A-803467 into OA knees attenuated hindlimb incapacitance and secondary allodynia. CONCLUSIONS These studies show for the first time that the Nav1.8 sodium channel is part of the molecular machinery involved in mechanotransduction of joint pain. Targeting the Nav1.8 sodium channel on joint nociceptors could therefore be useful for the treatment of OA pain, avoiding the unwanted side effects of non-selective nerve blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Schuelert
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330, Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Ferland CE, Pailleux F, Vachon P, Beaudry F. Determination of specific neuropeptides modulation time course in a rat model of osteoarthritis pain by liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry. Neuropeptides 2011; 45:423-9. [PMID: 21855139 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are useful to evaluate pharmacological therapies to alleviate joint pain. The present study characterized central neuropeptides modulation in the monoiodoacetate (MIA) rat model. Animals receiving a single 3mg MIA injection were euthanized at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post injection. Spinal cords were analyzed by liquid chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry. Up-regulations of the calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P were observed starting on days 7 and 28 respectively, whereas big dynorphin(₁₋₃₂) content decreased significantly on day 14 in comparison to control animals (P<0.05). Preclinical drug evaluations using this model should be conducted between 7 and 21 days post injection when the lesions resemble most to human osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Ferland
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S2M2, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Ahmed AS, Li J, Erlandsson-Harris H, Stark A, Bakalkin G, Ahmed M. Suppression of pain and joint destruction by inhibition of the proteasome system in experimental osteoarthritis. Pain 2011; 153:18-26. [PMID: 22018973 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease with pain and loss of joint function as major pathological features. Recent studies show that proteasome inhibitors reduce pain in various pathological conditions. We evaluated the effects of MG132, a reversible proteasome inhibitor on pain and joint destruction in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis was induced by intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate into the rat knee. Knee joint stiffness was scored and nociception was evaluated by mechanical pressure applied to the respective hind paw. Knee joint destruction was assessed by radiological and histological analyses. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in the knee articular cartilage. Expression of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was studied in the dorsal root ganglia (L4-L6) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and in the knee joints by immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that daily treatment of osteoarthritic rats with MG132 significantly increases their mobility while the swelling, pain thresholds, and pathological features of the affected joints were reduced. Furthermore, the upregulated expression of MMP-3, SP, and CGRP in the arthritic rats was normalized by MG132 administration. We conclude that the proteasome inhibitor MG132 reduces pain and joint destruction, probably by involving the peripheral nervous system, and that changes in SP and CGRP expression correlate with alterations in behavioural responses. Our findings suggest that nontoxic proteasome inhibitors may represent a novel pharmacotherapy for osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Siddiqah Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm 17176, Sweden Department of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm 17176, Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 18288, Sweden Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75105, Sweden Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge 14183, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
95
|
Sagar DR, Staniaszek LE, Okine BN, Woodhams S, Norris LM, Pearson RG, Garle MJ, Alexander SPH, Bennett AJ, Barrett DA, Kendall DA, Scammell BE, Chapman V. Tonic modulation of spinal hyperexcitability by the endocannabinoid receptor system in a rat model of osteoarthritis pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 62:3666-76. [PMID: 20722027 PMCID: PMC3132591 DOI: 10.1002/art.27698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the impact of an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA) on spinal nociceptive processing and the role of the inhibitory endocannabinoid system in regulating sensory processing at the spinal level. Methods Experimental OA was induced in rats by intraarticular injection of sodium mono-iodoacetate (MIA), and the development of pain behavior was assessed. Extracellular single-unit recordings of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in the dorsal horn were obtained in MIA-treated rats and saline-treated rats. The levels of endocannabinoids and the protein and messenger RNA levels of the main synthetic enzymes for the endocannabinoids (N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D [NAPE-PLD] and diacylglycerol lipase α [DAGLα]) in the spinal cord were measured. Results Low-weight (10 gm) mechanically evoked responses of WDR neurons were significantly (P < 0.05) facilitated 28 days after MIA injection compared with the responses in saline-treated rats, and spinal cord levels of anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) were increased in MIA-treated rats. Protein levels of NAPE-PLD and DAGLα, which synthesize anandamide and 2-AG, respectively, were elevated in the spinal cords of MIA-treated rats. The functional role of endocannabinoids in the spinal cords of MIA-treated rats was increased via activation of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and CB2 receptors, and blockade of the catabolism of anandamide had significantly greater inhibitory effects in MIA-treated rats compared with control rats. Conclusion Our findings provide new evidence for altered spinal nociceptive processing indicative of central sensitization and for adaptive changes in the spinal cord endocannabinoid system in an experimental model of OA. The novel control of spinal cord neuronal responses by spinal cord CB2 receptors suggests that this receptor system may be an important target for the modulation of pain in OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Devi Rani Sagar
- University of Nottingham and Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
TRPV1-related modulation of spinal neuronal activity and behavior in a rat model of osteoarthritic pain. Brain Res 2010; 1369:158-66. [PMID: 21047496 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The TRPV1 receptor functions as a molecular integrator, and blockade of this receptor modulates enhanced somatosensitivity across several animal models of pathological pain, including models of osteoarthritic (OA) pain. In order to further characterize the contributions of TRPV1 to OA-related pain, we investigated the systemic effects of a selective TRPV1 receptor antagonist, A-889425, on grip force behavior, and on the evoked and spontaneous firing of spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) and nociceptive specific (NS) neurons in the monoiodoacetate (MIA) model of OA. Administration of A-889425 (10-300 μmol/kg, p.o.) alleviated grip force impairment in OA rats 3 weeks after the MIA injection. Also at 3 weeks post-MIA injection, the responses of WDR and NS neurons to 300 g von Frey hair stimulation of the knee joint were significantly reduced by A-889425 administration (10 and 30 μmol/kg, i.v.) in OA, but not sham-OA rats. Spontaneous firing of WDR neurons was elevated in the OA rats compared to sham-OA rats and may reflect ongoing discomfort in the OA animal. In addition to an effect on mechanotransmission, systemic administration of A-889425 reduced the elevated spontaneous firing of WDR neurons in OA rats but did not alter spontaneous firing in sham rats. The present data demonstrate that blockade of TRPV1 receptors modulates the firing of two important classes of spinal nociceptive neurons in a rat model of OA. The effect of A-889425 on neuronal responses to intense mechanical stimulation of the knee and on the spontaneous firing of WDR neurons adds to the growing appreciation for the role of TRPV1 receptors in pathological mechanotransmission and possibly non-evoked discomfort, respectively.
Collapse
|
97
|
Strassle BW, Mark L, Leventhal L, Piesla MJ, Jian Li X, Kennedy JD, Glasson SS, Whiteside GT. Inhibition of osteoclasts prevents cartilage loss and pain in a rat model of degenerative joint disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:1319-28. [PMID: 20633675 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between efficacy of a bisphosphonate, pain and extent of joint damage in the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model of painful degenerative joint disease. METHODS Zoledronate treatment was initiated prior to and at various times following model induction, including late time points representing advanced disease. Radiographic and histological structural parameters were correlated with pain as measured by weight bearing. RESULTS Intraarticular (IA) MIA resulted in a progressive loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and chondrocytes, thinning of cartilage, loss of proteoglycan, resorption of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone, as well as pain. This was completely prevented by pre-emptive chronic zoledronate treatment with joint sections being histologically indistinguishable from saline-injected controls. When initiation of treatment was delayed efficacy was reduced. In animals with advanced joint degeneration, treatment partially restored BMD and had a significant, but limited, effect on pain. We confirmed these radiographic and behavioral findings in the medial meniscal tear model. To understand the mechanism-of-action of zoledronate we investigated an early time point 4 days post-model induction when chondrocytes were histologically viable, with minor loss of proteoglycan and generalized synovitis. Osteoclast-mediated resorption of the calcified cartilage was observed and was prevented by two doses of zoledronate. CONCLUSION Subchondral bone remodeling plays an important role in nociception and the pathobiology of the MIA model with osteoclasts being implicated in both bone and cartilage resorption. Inhibition of osteoclastic activity when initiated early leads to improved efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B W Strassle
- Neuroscience, Discovery Research, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|