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The association between aerobic fitness and cognitive function in older men mediated by frontal lateralization. Neuroimage 2015; 125:291-300. [PMID: 26439424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that higher aerobic fitness is related to higher cognitive function and higher task-related prefrontal activation in older adults. However, a holistic picture of these factors has yet to be presented. As a typical age-related change of brain activation, less lateralized activity in the prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks has been observed in various neuroimaging studies. Thus, this study aimed to reveal the relationship between aerobic fitness, cognitive function, and frontal lateralization. Sixty male older adults each performed a submaximal incremental exercise test to determine their oxygen intake (V·O2) at ventilatory threshold (VT) in order to index their aerobic fitness. They performed a color-word Stroop task while prefrontal activation was monitored using functional near infrared spectroscopy. As an index of cognitive function, Stroop interference time was analyzed. Partial correlation analyses revealed significant correlations among higher VT, shorter Stroop interference time and greater left-lateralized dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activation when adjusting for education. Moreover, mediation analyses showed that left-lateralized DLPFC activation significantly mediated the association between VT and Stroop interference time. These results suggest that higher aerobic fitness is associated with cognitive function via lateralized frontal activation in older adults.
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Heinzel S, Metzger FG, Ehlis AC, Korell R, Alboji A, Haeussinger FB, Wurster I, Brockmann K, Suenkel U, Eschweiler GW, Maetzler W, Berg D, Fallgatter AJ. Age and Vascular Burden Determinants of Cortical Hemodynamics Underlying Verbal Fluency. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138863. [PMID: 26394050 PMCID: PMC4578891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging processes and several vascular burden factors have been shown to increase the risk of dementia including Alzheimer's disease. While pathological alterations in dementia precede diagnosis by many years, reorganization of brain processing might temporarily delay cognitive decline. We hypothesized that in healthy elderly individuals both age-related neural and vascular factors known to be related to the development of dementia impact functional cortical hemodynamics during increased cognitive demands. METHODS Vascular burden factors and cortical functional hemodynamics during verbal fluency were assessed in 1052 non-demented elderly individuals (51 to 83 years; cross-sectional data of the longitudinal TREND study) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The prediction of functional hemodynamic responses by age in multiple regressions and the impact of single and cumulative vascular burden factors including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking and atherosclerosis were investigated. RESULTS Replicating and extending previous findings we could show that increasing age predicted functional hemodynamics to be increased in right prefrontal and bilateral parietal cortex, and decreased in bilateral inferior frontal junction during phonological fluency. Cumulative vascular burden factors, with hypertension in particular, decreased left inferior frontal junction hemodynamic responses during phonological fluency. However, age and vascular burden factors showed no statistical interaction on functional hemodynamics. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, one might hypothesize that increased fronto-parietal processing may represent age-related compensatory reorganization during increased cognitive demands. Vascular burden factors, such as hypertension, may contribute to regional cerebral hypoperfusion. These neural and vascular hemodynamic determinants should be investigated longitudinally and combined with other markers to advance the prediction of future cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heinzel
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian G. Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Geriatric Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Robert Korell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ahmed Alboji
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Isabel Wurster
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Suenkel
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard W. Eschweiler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Geriatric Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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53
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Kavé G, Knafo-Noam A. Lifespan development of phonemic and semantic fluency: Universal increase, differential decrease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2015; 37:751-63. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2015.1065958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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54
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Martins R, Joanette Y, Monchi O. The implications of age-related neurofunctional compensatory mechanisms in executive function and language processing including the new Temporal Hypothesis for Compensation. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:221. [PMID: 25964754 PMCID: PMC4408858 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the passage of time structurally alters one’s brain, cognition does not have to suffer the same faith, at least not to the same extent. Indeed, the existence of age-related compensatory mechanisms allow for some cognitive preservation. This paper attempts to coherently review the existing concepts of neurofunctional compensation when applied to two different cognitive domains, namely executive function and language processing. More precisely, we explore the Cognitive reserve (CR) model in healthy aging as well as its two underlying mechanisms: neural reserve and neural compensation. Furthermore, we review the Compensation-Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis as well as the Growing Of Life Differences Explains Normal Aging model. Finally, we propose, based on some functional neuroimaging studies, the existence of another compensatory mechanism characterized by age-related delayed cerebral activation allowing for cognitive performance to be preserved at the expense of speed processing: the Temporal Hypothesis for Compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Martins
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Montreal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Department of psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Joanette
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Montreal Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Oury Monchi
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Montreal Montréal, QC, Canada ; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Radiology, and Hotchkiss Bran Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
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55
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Quan W, Wu T, Li Z, Wang Y, Dong W, Lv B. Reduced prefrontal activation during a verbal fluency task in Chinese-speaking patients with schizophrenia as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 58:51-8. [PMID: 25542372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been applied to examine the possible functional alternations during the performance of cognitive tasks in schizophrenia. With this technique, previous studies have observed that patients with schizophrenia are often associated with reduced brain activation in the prefrontal cortex during the verbal fluency task (VFT) of the English version or the Japanese version. However, it remains unclear whether there is a brain functional impairment in Chinese-speaking patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we designed a Chinese version of the VFT and performed a multichannel NIRS study in a large group of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. We investigated brain activation during the task period of the Chinese version of the VFT within a schizophrenia group and a healthy group, respectively, and compared the relative changes between the two groups. Our results confirmed that Chinese-speaking patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower brain activation in the prefrontal cortex and superior temporal cortex when compared with healthy controls. Such findings based on the NIRS data provided us reliable evidences about brain functional deficits in the Chinese-speaking patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Quan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Tongning Wu
- China Academy of Telecommunication Research of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohua Li
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuduo Wang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentian Dong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China; Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Lv
- China Academy of Telecommunication Research of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China.
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Pu S, Nakagome K, Yamada T, Yokoyama K, Matsumura H, Nagata I, Kaneko K. Prefrontal activation predicts social functioning improvement after initial treatment in late-onset depression. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 62:62-70. [PMID: 25659188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The activation of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) has been shown to be lacking in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of patients with late-onset depression (LOD), in verbal fluency task (VFT)-related near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). In our previous studies, we have emphasized the connection between the lack of activation in the frontopolar cortex and social functioning disorder in patients with LOD. In this study, we investigated whether the responsiveness to medical treatment of untreated patients with LOD, particularly social functioning improvements, could be predicted by NIRS findings at the initial examination. The subjects were 29 patients with LOD who were diagnosed with major depression at 65 years or older at the initial examination (mean age ± standard deviation, 72.4 ± 5.71 years). We measured the changes in hemoglobin concentration in the prefrontal and temporal cortex regions during a VFT by using 52-channel NIRS. In addition, depression status and social functioning were evaluated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale, respectively, at the initial examination and 8 weeks after the treatment. A negative correlation was found between the NIRS activation in the right ventrolateral PFC region before treatment and the improvement in social functioning. These results suggested that the social functioning improvements were greater in LOD with initially lower NIRS activation in the right ventrolateral PFC region. NIRS is a simple technique that can be used before treatment to evaluate the social functioning levels of patients with LOD, and predict social functioning improvement after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Pu
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan.
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Yokoyama
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumura
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Izumi Nagata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
| | - Koichi Kaneko
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neuroscience, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan
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Eichstaedt KE, Soble JR, Kamper JE, Bozorg AM, Benbadis SR, Vale FL, Schoenberg MR. Sex differences in lateralization of semantic verbal fluency in temporal lobe epilepsy. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2015; 141:11-15. [PMID: 25522368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When differences exist, women tend to outperform men on measures of verbal fluency, possibly due to greater bilateral language representation. Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have a higher rate of atypical cortical language representation than the general population, making them a population of interest for the study of language. For the current study, 78 TLE patients (51% male, 51% left temporal focus) underwent pre-surgical neuropsychological evaluations. Retrospective data analyses investigated the impact of seizure laterality and sex on letter and semantic verbal fluency. Results indicated an interaction between sex and laterality for semantic, but not letter, verbal fluency. Males with left TLE exhibited significantly worse semantic fluency than males with right TLE, whereas females' semantic fluency did not differ by seizure focus. These data indicate that females with TLE may indeed engage in more bilateral hemispheric processing of semantic verbal fluency, whereas males may be more reliant on left temporal cortical function for this task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Eichstaedt
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 3515 East Fletcher Avenue, MDC Box 14, Tampa, FL 33613, USA.
| | - Jason R Soble
- South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Psychology Service (116B), 7400 Merton Minter Blvd., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Joel E Kamper
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 3515 East Fletcher Avenue, MDC Box 14, Tampa, FL 33613, USA; James A. Haley Veterans Administration Medical Center, Department of Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences (116B), 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33602, USA.
| | - Ali M Bozorg
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 3515 East Fletcher Avenue, MDC Box 14, Tampa, FL 33613, USA.
| | - Selim R Benbadis
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 3515 East Fletcher Avenue, MDC Box 14, Tampa, FL 33613, USA.
| | - Fernando L Vale
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 3515 East Fletcher Avenue, MDC Box 14, Tampa, FL 33613, USA.
| | - Mike R Schoenberg
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 3515 East Fletcher Avenue, MDC Box 14, Tampa, FL 33613, USA.
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Chou PH, Koike S, Nishimura Y, Satomura Y, Kinoshita A, Takizawa R, Kasai K. Similar age-related decline in cortical activity over frontotemporal regions in schizophrenia: a multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy study. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:268-79. [PMID: 24948388 PMCID: PMC4266293 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although recent studies have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls did not differ in the speed of age-related decline in cortical thickness and performances on cognitive tests, hemodynamic changes assessed by functional neuroimaging remain unclear. This study investigated age effects on regional brain cortical activity to determine whether there is similar age-related decline in cortical activity as those observed in cortical thickness and cognitive test performance. METHOD A total of 109 patients with schizophrenia (age range: 16-59 y) and 106 healthy controls (age range: 16-59 y) underwent near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) while performing a verbal fluency test (VFT). Group comparison of cortical activity was examined using 2-tailed t tests, adopting the false discovery rate method. The relationship between age and cortical activity was investigated using correlational and multiple regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounding variables. A 2-way ANOVA was conducted to investigate differences in the age effects between diagnostic groups. RESULTS The patient group exhibited significantly decreased cortical activity in several regions of the frontotemporal cortices. However, slopes of age-dependent decreases in cortical activity were similar between patients and healthy individuals at the bilateral frontotemporal regions. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed no significant between-group differences in the age-related decline in cortical activity, as measured by NIRS, over the frontotemporal regions during a VFT. The results of our study may indicate a decrease in cortical activity in a relatively limited period around illness onset rather than continuously progressing over the course of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Chou
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan;,Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan;,Division for Counseling and Support, Office for Mental Health Support, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Takizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan;,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan;
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The relation of SMI and the VSEP in a risk sample for neurodegenerative disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:1167-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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60
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Association between social functioning and prefrontal hemodynamic responses in elderly adults. Behav Brain Res 2014; 272:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li R. Why women see differently from the way men see? A review of sex differences in cognition and sports. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2014; 3:155-162. [PMID: 25520851 PMCID: PMC4266559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The differences of learning and memory between males and females have been well documented and confirmed by both human and animal studies. The sex differences in cognition started from early stage of neuronal development and last through entire life span. The major biological basis of the gender-dependent cognitive activity includes two major components: sex hormone and sex-related characteristics, such as sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) protein. However, the knowledge of how much biology of sex contributes to normal cognitive function and elite athletes in various sports are still pretty limited. In this review, we will be focusing on sex differences in spatial learning and memory - especially the role of male- and female-type cognitive behaviors in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Li
- Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
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Uemura K, Shimada H, Doi T, Makizako H, Park H, Suzuki T. Depressive symptoms in older adults are associated with decreased cerebral oxygenation of the prefrontal cortex during a trail-making test. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 59:422-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li R, Singh M. Sex differences in cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:385-403. [PMID: 24434111 PMCID: PMC4087048 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown differences in specific cognitive ability domains and risk of Alzheimer's disease between the men and women at later age. However it is important to know that sex differences in cognitive function during adulthood may have their basis in both organizational effects, i.e., occurring as early as during the neuronal development period, as well as in activational effects, where the influence of the sex steroids influence brain function in adulthood. Further, the rate of cognitive decline with aging is also different between the sexes. Understanding the biology of sex differences in cognitive function will not only provide insight into Alzheimer's disease prevention, but also is integral to the development of personalized, gender-specific medicine. This review draws on epidemiological, translational, clinical, and basic science studies to assess the impact of sex differences in cognitive function from young to old, and examines the effects of sex hormone treatments on Alzheimer's disease in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Li
- Center for Hormone Advanced Science and Education (CHASE), Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL 34243, United States.
| | - Meharvan Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research (IAADR), Center FOR HER, University of North Texas, Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States
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Heinzel S, Liepelt-Scarfone I, Roeben B, Nasi-Kordhishti I, Suenkel U, Wurster I, Brockmann K, Fritsche A, Niebler R, Metzger FG, Eschweiler GW, Fallgatter AJ, Maetzler W, Berg D. A neurodegenerative vascular burden index and the impact on cognition. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:161. [PMID: 25071568 PMCID: PMC4088338 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of vascular burden factors has been identified to impact vascular function and structure as indicated by carotid intima–media thickness (IMT). On the basis of their impact on IMT, vascular factors may be selected and clustered in a vascular burden index (VBI). Since many vascular factors increase the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a multifactorial neurodegenerative VBI may be related to early pathological processes in AD and cognitive decline in its preclinical stages. We investigated an elderly cohort at risk for neurodegeneration (TREND study, n = 1102) for the multifactorial influence of vascular burden factors on IMT measured by ultrasound. To create a VBI for this cohort, vascular factors and their definitions (considering medical history, medication, and/or blood marker data) were selected based on their statistical effects on IMT in multiple regressions including age and sex. The impact of the VBI on cognitive performance was assessed using the Trail-Making Test (TMT) and the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer’s disease (CERAD) neuropsychological battery. IMT was significantly predicted by age (standardized β = 0.26), sex (0.09; males > females) and the factors included in the VBI: obesity (0.18), hypertension (0.14), smoking (0.08), diabetes (0.07), and atherosclerosis (0.05), whereas other cardiovascular diseases or hypercholesterolemia were not significant. Individuals with 2 or more VBI factors compared to individuals without had an odds ratio of 3.17 regarding overly increased IMT ( ≥ 1.0 mm). The VBI showed an impact on executive control [log(TMT B−A), p = 0.047] and a trend toward decreased global cognitive function (CERAD total score, p = 0.057) independent of age, sex, and education. A VBI established on the basis of IMT may help to identify individuals with overly increased vascular burden linked to decreased cognitive function indicating neurodegenerative processes. The longitudinal study of this risk cohort will reveal the value of the VBI as prodromal marker for cognitive decline and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heinzel
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Inga Liepelt-Scarfone
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Benjamin Roeben
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Isabella Nasi-Kordhishti
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Ulrike Suenkel
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Isabel Wurster
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Raphael Niebler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Geriatric Center, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Florian G Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Geriatric Center, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Gerhard W Eschweiler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; Geriatric Center, University Hospital Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany ; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) , Tübingen , Germany
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Chou PH, Koike S, Nishimura Y, Kawasaki S, Satomura Y, Kinoshita A, Takizawa R, Kasai K. Distinct effects of duration of untreated psychosis on brain cortical activities in different treatment phases of schizophrenia: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 49:63-9. [PMID: 24275075 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been shown to be associated with both poor short-term and long-term outcomes in schizophrenia. Even so, few studies have used functional neuroimaging to investigate DUP in schizophrenia. In the present study, we used near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to investigate the influence of DUP on brain functions during a verbal fluency test (VFT) in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS A total of 62 patients with schizophrenia were included. They were categorized into either short treatment (≤6months, n=33) or long treatment (>6months, n=29) groups based on their duration of treatment. Hemodynamic changes over the frontotemporal regions during a VFT were measured using multi-channel NIRS. We examined the associations between DUP and hemodynamic changes in each group to explore if there were different effects of DUP on brain cortical activity at different treatment durations. RESULTS In the long treatment group, we found significant associations between a longer DUP and decreased cortical activity approximately at the left inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, right precentral gyrus, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and bilateral middle temporal gyrus, whereas no associations between DUP and brain cortical activity were observed in the short treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that longer DUP may be associated with decreased level of cortical activities over the frontotemporal regions in the long-term. Early detection and intervention of psychosis that shortens DUP might help to improve the long-term outcomes in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Chou
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shingo Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Application Development Office, Hitachi Medical Corporation, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-0804, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihide Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryu Takizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Maetzler W, Apel A, Langkamp M, Deuschle C, Dilger SS, Stirnkorb JG, Schulte C, Schleicher E, Gasser T, Berg D. Comparable autoantibody serum levels against amyloid- and inflammation-associated proteins in Parkinson's disease patients and controls. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88604. [PMID: 24586351 PMCID: PMC3931625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring autoantibodies (NAbs) against a number of potentially disease-associated cellular proteins, including Amyloid-beta1–42 (Abeta1–42), Alpha-synuclein (Asyn), myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) have been suggested to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Whereas the (reduced) occurrence of specific NAbs in AD is widely accepted, previous literature examining the relation of these NAb titres between PD patients and controls, as well as comparing these levels with demographic and clinical parameters in PD patients have produced inconsistent findings. We therefore aimed, in a cross-sectional approach, to determine serum titres of the above NAbs in a cohort of 93 PD patients (31 of them demented) and 194 controls. Levels were correlated with demographic and clinical variables, cerebrospinal fluid Abeta1–42, total tau and phospho-tau levels, as well as with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes which either have been reported to influence the immune system, the amyloid cascade or the occurrence of PD (ApoE, GSK3B, HLA-DRA, HSPA5, SNCA, and STK39). The investigated NAb titres were neither significantly associated with the occurrence of PD, nor with demographic and clinical parameters, neurodegenerative markers or genetic variables. These results argue against a major potential of blood-borne parameters of the adaptive immune system to serve as trait or state markers in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Maetzler
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anja Apel
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Deuschle
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Selina Dilger
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Georg Stirnkorb
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Alderliesten T, De Vis J, Lemmers P, van Bel F, Benders M, Hendrikse J, Petersen E. Simultaneous quantitative assessment of cerebral physiology using respiratory-calibrated MRI and near-infrared spectroscopy in healthy adults. Neuroimage 2014; 85 Pt 1:255-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Ehlis AC, Schneider S, Dresler T, Fallgatter AJ. Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in psychiatry. Neuroimage 2014; 85 Pt 1:478-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Dan H, Dan I, Sano T, Kyutoku Y, Oguro K, Yokota H, Tsuzuki D, Watanabe E. Language-specific cortical activation patterns for verbal fluency tasks in Japanese as assessed by multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2013; 126:208-16. [PMID: 23800710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In Japan, verbal fluency tasks are commonly utilized as a standard paradigm for neuropsychological testing of cognitive and linguistic abilities. The Japanese "letter fluency task" is a mora/letter fluency task based on the phonological and orthographical characteristics of the Japanese language. Whether there are similar activation patterns across languages or a Japanese-specific mora/letter fluency pattern is not certain. We investigated the neural correlates of overt mora/letter and category fluency tasks in healthy Japanese. The category fluency task activated the bilateral fronto-temporal language-related regions with left-superior lateralization, while the mora/letter fluency task led to wider activation including the inferior parietal regions (left and right supramarginal gyrus). Specific bilateral supramarginal activation during the mora/letter fluency task in Japanese was distinct from that of similar letter fluency tasks in syllable-alphabet-based languages: this might be due to the requirement of additional phonological processing and working memory, or due to increased cognitive load in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Dan
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Research and Development Initiatives, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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Heinzel S, Haeussinger FB, Hahn T, Ehlis AC, Plichta MM, Fallgatter AJ. Variability of (functional) hemodynamics as measured with simultaneous fNIRS and fMRI during intertemporal choice. Neuroimage 2013; 71:125-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Koike S, Nishimura Y, Takizawa R, Yahata N, Kasai K. Near-infrared spectroscopy in schizophrenia: a possible biomarker for predicting clinical outcome and treatment response. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:145. [PMID: 24294205 PMCID: PMC3827961 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a relatively new technique that can measure hemoglobin changes in brain tissues, and its use in psychiatry has been progressing rapidly. Although it has several disadvantages (e.g., relatively low spatial resolution and the possibility of shallow coverage in the depth of brain regions) compared with other functional neuroimaging techniques (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography), fNIRS may be a candidate instrument for clinical use in psychiatry, as it can measure brain activity in naturalistic position easily and non-invasively. fNIRS instruments are also small and work silently, and can be moved almost everywhere including schools and care units. Previous fNIRS studies have shown that patients with schizophrenia have impaired activity and characteristic waveform patterns in the prefrontal cortex during the letter version of the verbal fluency task, and part of these results have been approved as one of the Advanced Medical Technologies as an aid for the differential diagnosis of depressive symptoms by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan in 2009, which was the first such approval in the field of psychiatry. Moreover, previous studies suggest that the activity in the frontopolar prefrontal cortex is associated with their functions in chronic schizophrenia and is its next candidate biomarker. Future studies aimed at exploring fNIRS differences in various clinical stages, longitudinal changes, drug effects, and variations during different task paradigms will be needed to develop more accurate biomarkers that can be used to aid differential diagnosis, the comprehension of the present condition, the prediction of outcome, and the decision regarding treatment options in schizophrenia. Future fNIRS researches will require standardized measurement procedures, probe settings, analytical methods and tools, manuscript description, and database systems in an fNIRS community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Koike
- Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan ; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
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