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Papaspyropoulos A, Hazapis O, Lagopati N, Polyzou A, Papanastasiou AD, Liontos M, Gorgoulis VG, Kotsinas A. The Role of Circular RNAs in DNA Damage Response and Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215352. [PMID: 34771517 PMCID: PMC8582540 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNA) comprise a distinct class of non-coding RNAs that are abundantly expressed in the cell. CircRNAs have the capacity to regulate gene expression by interacting with regulatory proteins and/or other classes of RNAs. While a vast number of circRNAs have been discovered, the majority still remains poorly characterized. Particularly, there is no detailed information on the identity and functional role of circRNAs that are transcribed from genes encoding components of the DNA damage response and repair (DDRR) network. In this article, we not only review the available published information on DDRR-related circRNAs, but also conduct a bioinformatic analysis on data obtained from public repositories to uncover deposited, yet uncharacterized circRNAs derived from components of the DDRR network. Finally, we interrogate for potential targets that are regulated by this class of molecules and look into potential functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Papaspyropoulos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Orsalia Hazapis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Anastasios D. Papanastasiou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, GR-12462 Athens, Greece;
- Histopathology Unit, Biomedical Sciences Research Center ‘Alexander Fleming’, GR-16672 Vari, Greece
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Alexandra Hospital, GR-11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
- Correspondence: (V.G.G.); (A.K.); Tel.: +30-210-746-2352 (V.G.G.); +30-210-746-2420 (A.K.)
| | - Athanassios Kotsinas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, GR-11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.H.); (N.L.); (A.P.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.G.); (A.K.); Tel.: +30-210-746-2352 (V.G.G.); +30-210-746-2420 (A.K.)
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52
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Exosomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:355-364. [PMID: 34666030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor with a unique geographical distribution, primarily prevalent in East Africa and Asia. Although there is an increased understanding of the pathogenesis and risk factors of NPC, prevention and treatment efforts remain limited. Various studies have indicated that exosomes are actively involved in NPC by delivering biomolecules such as non-coding RNAs and proteins to target cells. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of exosomes in NPC and highlight their prospects as diagnostic biomarkers. In NPC, exosomes can manipulate the tumor microenvironment, participate in chemotherapy and radiation resistance, induce immune suppression, promote pathological angiogenesis, and support metastasis, and thus they could also be promising biomarkers. Because exosomes have essential effects and unusual biological properties, they have a promising future in diagnostic monitoring and prognostic evaluation. Although there are technical issues associated with using exosomes in large-scale applications, they have unparalleled advantages in assisting the clinical management of NPC.
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53
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Lu Y, Li K, Gao Y, Liang W, Wang X, Chen L. CircRNAs in gastric cancer: current research and potential clinical implications. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2644-2654. [PMID: 34561854 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) has a dismal prognosis and is also one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. circRNAs are covalently closed circular RNA molecules without 5'-cap and a 3'-tail, currently listed among the broad noncoding RNA family. circRNAs participate in a variety of pathophysiological processes relevant to human diseases, especially malignancies, including GC. Compelling evidence has shown that circRNAs can function by sponging miRNAs, interacting with RNA binding proteins, and encoding proteins or peptides. Yet, our current understanding of these RNA circles remains very limited. Here, we overview the biogenesis, characteristics, functions, and degradation of circRNAs. Moreover, we give an account of the circRNAs that have been linked with GC, describing their functions and mechanisms of action in the context of GC. Next, we discuss the potential value of circRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic GC biomarkers and summarize future prospects, important questions, and challenges of circRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixun Lu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhe Gao
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenquan Liang
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Studies on the Role of circRNAs in Osteoarthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8231414. [PMID: 34527744 PMCID: PMC8437644 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8231414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective Provide a reference to elucidate the mechanism of circRNAs regulating osteoarthritis (OA) and the clinical treatment. Methods Herein, articles about circRNAs (hsa-circ) and osteoarthritis in the recent 5 years have been reviewed and the differential expression and regulatory effect of circRNAs in OA deduced. Based on these conclusions and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of the acquired circRNAs, the potential functions and interactions of circRNAs in OA and the involved signaling pathways are discussed. Results A total of 33 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this study, and 27 circRNAs were upregulated and 8 circRNAs were downregulated in OA. A total of 31 circRNAs were finally included in the PPI, GO, and KEGG analyses. From PPI, 12 map nodes and 7 map edges were interrelated. VWF had the biggest node and edge size. From GO, VWF showed a majority of the functions. From KEGG, circRNAs are enriched in PI3K/AKT, human papillomavirus infection (HPI), and focal adhesion (FA) pathways, and VWF was involved in major pathways. Conclusion We found that most articles about circRNAs regulating OA in the recent 5 years focused on the mechanism, especially the absorption effect of circ-miRNA as sponges in the recent 2 years, while most of the articles about their functions addressed ECM and PI3K, AKT, and mTOR signaling pathways. Future studies might focus on the functions of circRNAs, and circRNA VWF, with preferable functions, interactions, and involvement, can be used as a biological indicator to detect OA in clinical practice.
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55
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Vakhshiteh F, Hassani S, Momenifar N, Pakdaman F. Exosomal circRNAs: new players in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:483. [PMID: 34521402 PMCID: PMC8439089 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancer types, characterized by elevated mortality rate and treatment resistance. Despite the progress achieved in the explanation of the molecular basis of the disease as well as introducing potential biomarkers in the clinical practice, further investigation is essential to identify innovative molecules that contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel and unexplored RNA type, associated with various human pathological conditions. Recently, circRNAs have been identified to be enriched and stable in exosomes and can exert their functions when exosomes reach neighboring or distant cells. Increasing evidence indicates that these so called exosomal circRNAs (exo-circRNAs) act as signaling molecules to regulate cancer proliferation, metastasis, and sensitivity to radio- and chemotherapy. This review aims to discuss the latest progress in exo-circRNAs studies in CRC with an emphasis on their potential as promising diagnostic molecular markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Momenifar
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pakdaman
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
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56
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Luo Y, Gui R. Circulating exosomal circFoxp1 confers cisplatin resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. J Gynecol Oncol 2021; 31:e75. [PMID: 32808501 PMCID: PMC7440976 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2020.31.e75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Early detection and treatment are particularly important to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Studies have shown that circular RNA (circRNA) dysregulation is associated with the proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. This study focused on the role of serum exosomal circular forkhead box protein P1 (circFoxp1) on survival outcome and cisplatin (DDP) resistance in patients with EOC. Methods Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, CCK-8, luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, tumor xenograft in nude mice, and bioinformatic analysis were performed. Results Circulating exosomal circFoxp1 was significantly increased in patients with EOC, especially in DDP-resistant EOC patients. circFoxp1 expression was positively associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, primary tumor size, lymphatic metastasis, distant metastasis, residual tumor diameter, and clinical response. Exosomal circFoxp1 also was an independent factor predicting survival and disease recurrence in patients with EOC. Overexpression of circFoxp1 could promote cell proliferation and confer DDP resistance, while knockdown of circFoxp1 could inhibit cell proliferation and enhance DDP sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. In addition, miR-22 and miR-150-3p mimic treatment attenuated circFoxp1-meadiated DDP resistance, while miR-22 and miR-150-3p inhibitor treatment enhanced DDP resistance that mitigated by circFoxp1 knockdown. Furthermore, circFoxp1 positively regulated the expression of CCAAT enhancer binding protein gamma (CEBPG) and formin like 3 (FMNL3) through miR-22 and miR-150-3p. Conclusions circFoxp1 is an oncogene in EOC cells and can confer DDP resistance to EOC cells. Circulating exosomal circFoxp1 can be used as a biomarker and potential therapeutic target for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Luo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Xing Z, Wang R, Wang X, Liu J, Zhang M, Feng K, Wang X. CircRNA circ-PDCD11 promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression via enhancing aerobic glycolysis. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:218. [PMID: 34420029 PMCID: PMC8380247 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-described evidence has demonstrated the critical roles of aerobic glycolysis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) oncotherapy. Moreover, next-generation high-throughput sequencing indicates the potential regulation of energy metabolism by circular RNAs (circRNAs) in TNBC. However, circRNA modulation of TNBC aerobic glycolysis is still unclear. Here, the present research aimed to investigate the function and underlying mechanisms of novel circPDCD11 (hsa_circ_0019853) in TNBC aerobic glycolysis. The results revealed that circPDCD11 expression was significantly upregulated in TNBC tissues and cells. Clinical data demonstrated that the high expression of circPDCD11 was closely correlated with a poor prognosis and acted as an independent risk factor for TNBC prognosis. Functionally, in vitro gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed that circPDCD11 accelerated glucose uptake, lactate production, ATP generation, and the extracellular acidification rate in TNBC cells. In vivo, circPDCD11 silencing repressed tumor growth. Mechanistically, circPDCD11 acted as a miRNA sponge to enhance LDHA expression by sponging miR-432-5p. In conclusion, these combined results demonstrated that circPDCD11 acts as an oncogene for TNBC, providing a promising prognostic biomarker for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xing
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ruojiao Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Menglu Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kexin Feng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Zhang G, Liu Y, Yang J, Wang H, Xing Z. Inhibition of circ_0081234 reduces prostate cancer tumor growth and metastasis via miR-1/MAP3K1 axis. J Gene Med 2021; 24:e3376. [PMID: 34191363 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial regulators in tumor occurrence and progression, and circRNAs are enriched and stable in exosomes. This study aimed to explore the role and potential mechanism of cancer-derived exosomal circ_0081234 in prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS Exosomes were extracted using the ExoQuick Precipitation Kit. The levels of circ_0081234, miR-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 (MAP 3K1) were examined using qRT-PCR or western blot. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated via transwell assay. The protein levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin and E-cadherin were detected by western blot. The interaction between miR-1 and circ_0081234 or MAP 3K1 was verified via dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. RESULTS Circ_0081234 level was increased in PC a tissues with spinal metastasis (SM) in comparison to primary PCa tissues without SM. Exosomal circ_0081234 promoted the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PCa cells. Knockdown of circ_0081234 blocked PCa cell progression via regulating miR-1. In addition, miR-1 overexpression suppressed PCa cell progression by repressing MAP 3K1. Moreover, circ_0081234 increased MAP 3K1 level via sponging miR-1. Depletion of circ_0081234 inhibited tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Exosomal circ_0081234 promoted migration, invasion and EMT of PCa cells by regulating the miR-1/MAP 3K1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huiji Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yibin Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Huiji Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianhui Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Huiji Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huiji Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhengwei Xing
- Medical office, Huiji Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Guan H, Luo W, Liu Y, Li M. Novel circular RNA circSLIT2 facilitates the aerobic glycolysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via miR-510-5p/c-Myc/LDHA axis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:645. [PMID: 34168116 PMCID: PMC8225611 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated the great diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in human cancers. Although the biological roles of circRNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been partially annotated, the potential regulatory mechanism of circRNAs in PDAC tumorigenesis remains poorly understood. Here, our study found that the novel circRNA circSLIT2 was significantly upregulated in PDAC tissues and cells. Clinically, ectopic high-expression of circSLIT2 was correlated with unfavorable prognosis of PDAC patients. Functional experiments demonstrated that circSLIT2 promoted the aerobic glycolysis and proliferation of PDAC cells in vitro, and circSLIT2 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circSLIT2 acted as miRNA sponge to target miR-510-5p/c-Myc axis. Furthermore, c-Myc bound with the promoter region of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) to activate the transcription. Collectively, present findings reveal that circSLIT2/miR-510-5p/c-Myc/LDHA axis participates in the aerobic glycolysis and carcinogenesis of PDAC, and may act as a promising therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glycolysis
- Humans
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/genetics
- L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription, Genetic
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guan
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mingfei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Costanzi E, Simioni C, Varano G, Brenna C, Conti I, Neri LM. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060902. [PMID: 34207985 PMCID: PMC8230662 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest as mediators of intercellular communication following the discovery that EVs contain RNA molecules, including non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Growing evidence for the enrichment of peculiar RNA species in specific EV subtypes has been demonstrated. ncRNAs, transferred from donor cells to recipient cells, confer to EVs the feature to regulate the expression of genes involved in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. These multiple actions require accuracy in the isolation of RNA content from EVs and the methodologies used play a relevant role. In liver, EVs play a crucial role in regulating cell-cell communications and several pathophysiological events in the heterogeneous liver class of cells via horizontal transfer of their cargo. This review aims to discuss the rising role of EVs and their ncRNAs content in regulating specific aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma development, including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. We analyze the progress in EV-ncRNAs' potential clinical applications as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Costanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (G.V.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Carolina Simioni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Varano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (G.V.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cinzia Brenna
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (G.V.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Conti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (G.V.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
| | - Luca Maria Neri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (E.C.); (G.V.); (C.B.); (I.C.)
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA)—Electron Microscopy Center, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-455940
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Natua S, Dhamdhere SG, Mutnuru SA, Shukla S. Interplay within tumor microenvironment orchestrates neoplastic RNA metabolism and transcriptome diversity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1676. [PMID: 34109748 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous population of cancer cells within a tumor mass interacts intricately with the multifaceted aspects of the surrounding microenvironment. The reciprocal crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) shapes the cancer pathophysiome in a way that renders it uniquely suited for immune tolerance, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. This dynamic interaction involves a dramatic reconstruction of the transcriptomic landscape of tumors by altering the synthesis, modifications, stability, and processing of gene readouts. In this review, we categorically evaluate the influence of TME components, encompassing a myriad of resident and infiltrating cells, signaling molecules, extracellular vesicles, extracellular matrix, and blood vessels, in orchestrating the cancer-specific metabolism and diversity of both mRNA and noncoding RNA, including micro RNA, long noncoding RNA, circular RNA among others. We also highlight the transcriptomic adaptations in response to the physicochemical idiosyncrasies of TME, which include tumor hypoxia, extracellular acidosis, and osmotic stress. Finally, we provide a nuanced analysis of existing and prospective therapeutics targeting TME to ameliorate cancer-associated RNA metabolism, consequently thwarting the cancer progression. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Natua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Shruti Ganesh Dhamdhere
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Srinivas Abhishek Mutnuru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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Rao D, Yu C, Sheng J, Lv E, Huang W. The Emerging Roles of circFOXO3 in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659417. [PMID: 34150756 PMCID: PMC8213346 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs which are mainly formed by reverse splicing of precursor mRNAs. They are relatively stable and resistant to RNase R because of their covalently closed structure without 5' caps or 3' poly-adenylated tails. CircRNAs are widely expressed in eukaryotic cells and show tissue, timing, and disease specificity. Recent studies have found that circRNAs play an important role in many diseases. In particular, they affect the proliferation, invasion and prognosis of cancer by regulating gene expression. CircRNA Forkhead box O3 (circFOXO3) is a circRNA confirmed to be abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers, including prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, glioblastoma, bladder cancer, and breast cancer, etc. At present, the feature of circFOXO3 as a molecular sponge is widely studied to promote or inhibit the development of cancers. However, the diverse functions of circFOXO3 have not been fully understood. Hence, it is important to review the roles of circFOXO3 in cancers. This review has summarized and discussed the roles and molecular mechanism of circFOXO3 and its target genes in these cancers, which can help to enrich our understanding to the functions of circRNAs and carry out subsequent researches on circFOXO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Rao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengpeng Yu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaqi Sheng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Enjun Lv
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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63
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Liu S, Li Q, Ma Y, Corpe C, Wang J. Circular RNAs as novel potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:4604-4615. [PMID: 34149924 PMCID: PMC8210554 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaCa) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, and the vast majority of these malignancies are pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), but there is still a lack of early detection biomarkers for PaCa. Unlike linear RNAs, circRNAs form covalently closed continuous loops and can act as mammalian gene regulators. They may be diagnostic or predictive biomarkers for some tumors, also be novel potential therapeutic targets in different diseases. This review focuses on (1) the biogenesis of circRNAs, RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and complementary sequences of circRNAs; (2) the characteristics of circRNAs which allow them to interact with miRNAs; (3) the roles of circRNAs playing in the regulation of gene expression, cell behavior and cancer, and their potential role as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Christopher Corpe
- King's College London, London, Nutritional Science Department, 150 Stamford street, waterloo, London, SE19NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jin Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China
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He AT, Liu J, Li F, Yang BB. Targeting circular RNAs as a therapeutic approach: current strategies and challenges. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:185. [PMID: 34016945 PMCID: PMC8137869 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in circular RNA (circRNA) research in recent years. Increasing evidence suggests that circRNAs play important roles in many cellular processes, and their dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. CircRNAs are highly stable and usually expressed in a tissue- or cell type-specific manner. Therefore, they are currently being explored as potential therapeutic targets. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches are typically performed using circRNA expression plasmids and RNA interference-based strategies, respectively. These strategies have limitations that can be mitigated using nanoparticle and exosome delivery systems. Furthermore, recent developments show that the cre-lox system can be used to knockdown circRNAs in a cell-specific manner. While still in the early stages of development, the CRISPR/Cas13 system has shown promise in knocking down circRNAs with high specificity and efficiency. In this review, we describe circRNA properties and functions and highlight their significance in disease. We summarize strategies that can be used to overexpress or knockdown circRNAs as a therapeutic approach. Lastly, we discuss major challenges and propose future directions for the development of circRNA-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina T. He
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jinglei Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics, ATCGene Inc, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feiya Li
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Burton B. Yang
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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65
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Han Y, Liu Y, Zhang B, Yin G. Exosomal circRNA 0001445 promotes glioma progression through miRNA-127-5p/SNX5 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13287-13299. [PMID: 33982667 PMCID: PMC8148472 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Glioma is one of the most wide-spreading brain cancers worldwide. Exosomes have emerged as essential regulators in intercellular communication, and exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) are critical for cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of exosomal circRNAs in glioma progression and associated mechanisms. Methods: Exosomes derived from glioma cells were isolated and identified by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). CCK-8, wound healing assays, transwell invasion assays, and flow cytometry assays were performed to assess glioma progression. RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, western blotting, fluorescence in situ hybridization assay, luciferase assays, and cell transfection assay were performed to investigate related molecular mechanisms. Results: The results demonstrated that exosomes derived from glioma cells promoted glioma progression. Also, exosomal circRNA 0001445 was taken up and upregulated in glioma cells treated with exosomes. In addition, exosomal circRNA 0001445 acted as a sponge for miRNA-127-5p to upregulate the expression of sorting nexin 5 (SNX5). Lastly, the effect of exosomal circRNA 0001445 was mediated by miRNA-127-5p/ SNX5 signaling pathway. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that exosomal circRNA 0001445 promoted glioma progression through miRNA-127-5p/SNX5 signaling pathway. This study provides a novel understanding of the molecular mechanism of glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Han
- The Third Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- The Third Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Baoxu Zhang
- The Third Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Gangfeng Yin
- The Third Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
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66
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Wang D, Ming X, Xu J, Xiao Y. Circ_0009910 shuttled by exosomes regulates proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells by regulating miR-5195-3p/GRB10 axis. Hematol Oncol 2021; 39:390-400. [PMID: 33969901 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The exosomes are involved in intercellular communication via RNA trafficking in human diseases. Hsa_circ_0009910 (circ_0009910) is a novel leukemia-related circular RNA. However, the mechanism of circ_0009910 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell-to-cell communication remained obscure. Expression of circ_0009910, miRNA (miR)-5195-3p and growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (GRB10) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. A stable cell coculture model was established and functional experiment was performed using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. The interaction among circ_0009910, miR-5195-3p and GRB10 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. As a result, circ_0009910 was upregulated in AML bone marrows and cells (HL-60 and MOLM-13), even higher in AML cells-derived exosomes. Functionally, blocking circ_0009910 via small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, but facilitated apoptosis rate of HL-60 and MOLM-13 cells, accompanied with lower B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) level and higher Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) level. circ_0009910 shuttled via exosomes negatively regulated miR-5195-3p expression by target binding. Furthermore, circ_0009910 knockdown via exosomes and miR-5195-3p overexpression via mimic resulted in similar results of circ_0009910 siRNA in proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression of AML cells. Meanwhile, the role of circ_0009910 knockdown in AML cells was partially reversed by miR-5195-3p deletion, and restoring GRB10 could abrogate miR-5195-3p effect as well. Notably, GRB10 was a downstream target of miR-5195-3p. circ_0009910-containing exosomes mediated proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression of AML cells partially through miR-5195-3p/GRB10 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Ming
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinhuan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Yang Q, Li F, He AT, Yang BB. Circular RNAs: Expression, localization, and therapeutic potentials. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1683-1702. [PMID: 33484969 PMCID: PMC8116570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are RNAs with a unique circular structure that is generated from back-splicing processes. These circular molecules were discovered more than 40 years ago but failed to raise scientific interest until lately. Increasing studies have found that these circular RNAs might not just be byproducts of the splicing process but possess important regulatory functions through different cellular events. Most circular RNAs are currently being studied in the field of cancer, and many of them have been confirmed to be involved in the process of tumorigenesis. However, many circular RNAs are implicated in the developmental stages of diseases other than cancer. In this review, we focus on discussing the role of circular RNAs in non-cancer diseases, especially in cardiovascular diseases. Following the summary of the life cycle of circRNAs, we provide input on studying circRNA-protein interactions based on our experience, which modulate protein translocation. Furthermore, we outline the potential of circRNAs to be potent biomarkers, effective therapeutic targets, and potential treatments in cardiovascular diseases as well as other non-cancer fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Medical Research Center, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Feiya Li
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Alina T He
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Burton B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Zhang H, Li M, Zhang J, Shen Y, Gui Q. Exosomal Circ-XIAP Promotes Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer by Regulating miR-1182/TPD52 Axis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1835-1849. [PMID: 33976535 PMCID: PMC8106459 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s300376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa) and chemotherapy resistance. This research aimed to explore the function and molecular mechanism of circRNA X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (circ-XIAP) in docetaxel (DTX) resistance of PCa. Methods The expression of circ-XIAP, microRNA-1182 (miR-1182), tumor protein D52 (TPD52) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Exosomes were detected with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cluster of differentiation 63 (CD63), cluster of differentiation 9 (CD9) and TPD52 protein levels were detected by Western blot (WB). FIfty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DTX and cell viability were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Colony formation assay was applied to assess colony-forming ability. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Transwell assay was used for measuring cell migration and invasion. Dual-reporter luciferase assay was performed to confirm the interaction between miR-1182 and circ-XIAP or TPD52. The role of circ-XIAP in vivo was confirmed via the mice xenograft model. Results Circ-XIAP and TPD52 were upregulated and miR-1182 was downregulated in DTX-resistant PCa tissue specimens and cell lines. Circ-XIAP was also overexpressed in exosomes from DTX-resistant cells and could be transmitted via exosomes. Circ-XIAP knockdown enhanced DTX sensitivity by suppressing DTX-resistant cell proliferation, migration and invasion and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Circ-XIAP directly targeted miR-1182, and the effects of circ-XIAP knockdown were reversed by downregulating miR-1182 in DTX-resistant cells. TPD52 was the target of miR-1182, and its upregulation weakened the promotive effect of miR-1182 on DTX sensitivity. Importantly, circ-XIAP depletion inhibited tumor growth and increased DTX sensitivity in vivo. Conclusion Exosomal circ-XIAP promoted DTX resistance of PCa by regulating miR-1182/TPD52 axis, providing a promising therapeutic target for PCa chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Medical, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghui Li
- College of Medical, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Medical, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Shen
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Zhumadian, Zhumadian, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Gui
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Zhumadian, Zhumadian, Henan, People's Republic of China
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69
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Qin L, Zhan Z, Wei C, Li X, Zhang T, Li J. Hsa‑circRNA‑G004213 promotes cisplatin sensitivity by regulating miR‑513b‑5p/PRPF39 in liver cancer. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:421. [PMID: 33864660 PMCID: PMC8025462 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing evidence has confirmed that exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve a crucial role in the prognostic prediction and diagnosis of liver cancer (LC). The present study compared the expression patterns of exosomal circRNAs during transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). CircRNA sequencing analysis identified 390 differentially expressed circRNAs between the prior TACE and following the first TACE operation groups and 489 differentially expressed circRNAs between the prior to TACE and following the second TACE operation groups. Gene Ontology analysis of the differentially expressed circRNAs demonstrated that they were associated with fatty acid metabolism, receptor binding and membrane protein complexes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis predicted that protein digestion and absorption pathways were activated following TACE. A novel gene was screened out; hsa‑circRNA‑G004213 (circ‑G004213) was significantly upregulated following TACE (fold change >10, P < 0.01). Further analysis found circ‑G004213 significantly increased the cisplatin sensitivity of HepG2 cells and positively associated with the prognosis of tumor‑bearing mice. Based on the potential downstream miRNAs and mRNAs, the circRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA network was constructed. It was demonstrated that circ‑G004213 regulated cisplatin resistance via the miR‑513b‑5p/PRPF39 axis. Finally, the present study confirmed that circ‑G004213 was positively associated with the prognosis of patients with LC following TACE. Therefore, circ‑G004213 may be used as an indicator for predicting the efficacy of TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Zibo Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Chunxue Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Tongqin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Gao R, Li J, Tang S, Li S, Tong Q, Li S. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0074854 Suppresses the Migration and Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Interacting with HuR and via Suppressing Exosomes-Mediated Macrophage M2 Polarization. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2803-2818. [PMID: 33880025 PMCID: PMC8052130 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s284560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as key factors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role and potential molecular mechanism of circRNAs in HCC remain largely unclear. In addition, exosomes are known as important messengers of the cross-talk between tumor cells and immune cells, while the role of extracellular circRNAs in the cell-to-cell communication of tumor cells and immune cells remains not unclear. METHODS The level of hsa_circ_0074854 in HCC cell lines and HCC cell-derived exosomes was assessed using RT-qPCR assay. In addition, CCK-8 and transwell assays were used to determine the viability, migration and invasion of HCC cells. RESULTS Hsa_circ_0074854 expression was upregulated in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. Additionally, hsa_circ_0074854 knockdown was found to inhibit HCC growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0074854 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion of HCC cells via interacting with human antigen R (HuR) to reduce its stability. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0074854 can be transferred from HCC cells to macrophages via exosomes. Exosomes with downregulated hsa_circ_0074854 suppressed macrophage M2 polarization, which in turn suppressing migration and invasion of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Downregulation of hsa_circ_0074854 suppresses the migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma via interacting with HuR and via suppressing exosomes-mediated macrophage M2 polarization. Collectively, these findings may help to understand the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongfen Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaotao Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiwang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Li T, Xian HC, Dai L, Tang YL, Liang XH. Tip of the Iceberg: Roles of CircRNAs in Cancer Glycolysis. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2379-2395. [PMID: 33854335 PMCID: PMC8039208 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s297140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Warburg effect reflects that tumor cells tend to generate energy by aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), thus promoting the development of malignant tumors. As a kind of non-coding RNA, circular RNA (circRNA) is characterized by a closed ring structure and emerges as a regulator of cancer metabolism. Mounting studies revealed that circRNA can regulate the cancer metabolism process through affecting the expression of glycolysis relevant enzymes, transcription factors (TFs), and signaling pathways. In this review, we comprehensively analyzed and concluded the mechanism of circRNA regulating glycolysis, hoping to deepen the cognition of the cancer metabolic regulatory network and to reap huge fruits in targeted cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Chun Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Ashrafizaveh S, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Husmandi K, Zabolian A, Shahinozzaman M, Aref AR, Hamblin MR, Nabavi N, Crea F, Wang Y, Ahn KS. Long non-coding RNAs in the doxorubicin resistance of cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 508:104-114. [PMID: 33766750 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the main treatment used for cancer patients failing surgery. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a well-known chemotherapeutic agent capable of suppressing proliferation in cancer cells and triggering apoptosis via inhibiting topoisomerase II activity and producing DNA breaks. This activity of DOX restrains mitosis and cell cycle progression. However, frequent application of DOX results in the emergence of resistance in the cancer cells. It seems that genetic and epigenetic factors can provide DOX resistance of cancer cells. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a subcategory of non-coding RNAs with role in the regulation of several cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis. LncRNA dysregulation has been associated with chemoresistance, and this profile occurs upon DOX treatment of cancer. In the present review, we focus on the role of lncRNAs in mediating DOX resistance and discuss the molecular pathways and mechanisms. LncRNAs can drive DOX resistance via activating pathways such as NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, Wnt, and FOXC2. Some lncRNAs can activate protective autophagy in response to the stress caused by DOX, which mediates resistance. In contrast, there are other lncRNAs involved in the sensitivity of cancer cells to DOX, such as GAS5, PTCSC3 and FENDRR. Some anti-tumor agents such as polydatin can regulate the expression of lncRNAs, enhancing DOX sensitivity. Overall, lncRNAs are potential players in DOX resistance, and their identification and targeting are of importance in chemosensitivity. Furthermore, these findings can be translated into clinical for treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Husmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc. Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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73
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Tagawa T, Kopardé VN, Ziegelbauer JM. Identifying and characterizing virus-encoded circular RNAs. Methods 2021; 196:129-137. [PMID: 33713796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular forms of RNA were first discovered in plant viroids and later found in a variety of animal viruses. These circular RNAs lack free 5' and 3' ends, granting protection from exonucleases. This review is focused on the methods that are used to investigate virus-encoded circular RNAs. Using DNA viruses that are prevalent among human as examples, we begin with features of circular RNAs and the unique methods to enrich for circular RNAs. Next, we discuss the computational methods for RNA-sequencing analysis to discover new virus-encoded circular RNAs. Many strategies are similar to analyzing cellular RNAs, but some unique aspects of virus-encoded circular RNAs that are likely due to highly packed viral genomes and non-canonical use of splicing machinery, are described herein. We illustrate the various methods of validating expression of specific virus-encoded circular RNAs. Finally, we discuss novel methods to study functions of circular RNAs and the current technical challenges that remain for investigating virus-encoded circular RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Tagawa
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vishal N Kopardé
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Advanced Biomedical Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Joseph M Ziegelbauer
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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74
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Wang X, Ma R, Shi W, Wu Z, Shi Y. Emerging roles of circular RNAs in systemic lupus erythematosus. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:212-222. [PMID: 33767917 PMCID: PMC7973136 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with covalently closed single-stranded structures lacking 5'-3' polarity and a polyadenine tail. Over recent years, a growing body of studies have been conducted to explore the roles of circRNAs in human diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of autoantibodies and excessive inflammation, which impact multiple organs. Recent advances have begun to shed light on the roles of circRNAs in SLE, providing fresh insights into the pathogenesis of SLE and the latent capacity for translation into clinical applications. Here, we briefly introduce these "star molecules" and summarize their roles in SLE. In addition, we outline the limitations of the current studies and raise prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.,Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhouwei Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.,Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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75
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Huo S, Dou D. Circ_0056285 Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis and Glycolysis of Osteosarcoma Cells via miR-1244/TRIM44 Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:1257-1270. [PMID: 33603471 PMCID: PMC7882461 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s290645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common malignant bone cancer that occurs in adolescents and children. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulators of tumorigenesis and development. This study aimed to explore the role and molecular basis of circ_0056285 in OS. Methods The levels of circ_0056285, miR-1244 and tripartite motif containing 44 (TRIM44) were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and caspase 3and caspase 9 activity assay kits. Glucose uptake, lactate product and ATP level were examined using commercial kits. Hexokinase II (HK2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) levels were measured by Western blot assay. The interaction among circ_0056285, miR-1244 and TRIM44 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay or RNA pull-down assay. Xenograft experiment was conducted to explore tumor growth in vivo. Exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscope (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Western blot. The diagnostic value of exosomal circ_0056285 was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Circ_0056285 and TRIM44 were up-regulated, and miR-1244 was down-regulated in OS tissues and cells. Circ_0056285 silencing inhibited proliferation and glycolysis and promoted apoptosis in OS cells. Also, circ_0056285 knockdown hindered proliferation and accelerated apoptosis in OS cells by regulating miR-1244/TRIM44 axis. Circ_0056285 depletion impeded tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, ROC curve showed that circ_0056285 might be a diagnostic biomarker in OS. Conclusion Circ_0056285 facilitated OS progression by sponging miR-1244 and increasing TRIM44 expression, providing a promising therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shousong Huo
- Department of Orthopaedic, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Dou
- Institute of Chronic Disease Risk Assessment, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan, People's Republic of China
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76
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Wei X, Shi Y, Dai Z, Wang P, Meng X, Yin B. Underlying metastasis mechanism and clinical application of exosomal circular RNA in tumors (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 58:289-297. [PMID: 33650643 PMCID: PMC7864150 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a long non-coding RNA molecule with a closed loop structure lacking a 5′cap and 3′tail. circRNA is stable, difficult to cleave and resistant to RNA exonuclease or RNase R degradation. circRNA molecules have several clinical applications, especially in tumors. For instance, circRNA may be used for non-invasive diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. Exosomes play a crucial role in the development of tumors. Exosomal circRNA in particular has led to increased research interest into tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Additionally, exosomal circRNA plays a role in cell-cell communication. Exosomal circRNA facilitates tumor metastasis by altering the tumor microenvironment and the pre-metastatic niche. Additionally, studies have revealed the mechanism by which exosomal circRNA affects malignant progression through signal transduction. Moreover, exosomal circRNA promotes tumor metastasis by regulating gene expression, RNA transcription and protein translation. In this review, the biological features and clinical application of exosomal circRNA are described, highlighting the underlying mechanisms through which they regulate tumor metastasis. The application of circRNA as clinical diagnostic biomarkers and in the development of novel therapeutic strategies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Wei
- Department of Urology, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yaxing Shi
- Department of Urology, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Nong An Country, Changchun, Jilin 130200, P.R. China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengde Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Urology, Sheng Jing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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77
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Tang X, Ren H, Guo M, Qian J, Yang Y, Gu C. Review on circular RNAs and new insights into their roles in cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:910-928. [PMID: 33598105 PMCID: PMC7851342 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a very interesting class of conserved single-stranded RNA molecules derived from exonic or intronic sequences by precursor mRNA back-splicing. Unlike canonical linear RNAs, circRNAs form covalently closed, continuous stable loops without a 5'end cap and 3'end poly(A) tail, and therefore are resistant to exonuclease digestion. The majority of circRNAs are highly abundant, and conserved across different species with a tissue or developmental-stage-specific expression. circRNAs have been shown to play important roles as microRNA sponges, regulators of gene splicing and transcription, RNA-binding protein sponges and protein/peptide translators. Emerging evidence reveals that circRNAs function in various human diseases, particularly cancers, and may function as better predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In consideration of their potential clinical relevance, circRNAs have become a new research hotspot in the field of tumor pathology. In the present study, the current understanding of the biogenesis, characteristics, databases, research methods, biological functions subcellular distribution, epigenetic regulation, extracellular transport and degradation of circRNAs was discussed. In particular, the multiple databases and methods involved in circRNA research were first summarized, and the recent advances in determining the potential roles of circRNAs in tumor growth, migration and invasion, which render circRNAs better predictive biomarkers, were described. Furthermore, future perspectives for the clinical application of circRNAs in the management of patients with cancer were proposed, which could provide new insights into circRNAs in the future.
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Key Words
- AML, acute myloid leukemia
- BSJ, back-splice junction
- Biomarker
- CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- CML, chronic myeloid leukemia
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- Cancer
- Circular RNAs
- EIciRNAs, exon–intron RNAs
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- Functions
- GC, gastric cancer
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- ISH, in situ hybridization
- LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma
- MER, miRNA response elements
- MM, multiple myeloma
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- RBP, RNA-binding protein
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- RNase, ribonuclease
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-PCR
- TNM, tumor node metastases
- UTR, untranslated regions
- ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma
- ceRNAs, endogenous RNAs
- ciRNAs, circular intronic RNAs
- ciRS-7, circular RNA sponge for miR-7
- circRNAs, circular RNAs
- ecircRNAs, exonic circular RNAs
- lncRNAs, long ncRNA
- miRNAs, microRNAs
- ncRNAs, noncoding RNAs
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
- rRNA, ribosomal RNA
- siRNAs, small interfering RNAs
- snRNA, small nuclear RNA
- tricRNAs, tRNA intronic circRNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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78
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Liang Z, Guo W, Fang S, Zhang Y, Lu L, Xu W, Qian H. CircRNAs: Emerging Bladder Cancer Biomarkers and Targets. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606485. [PMID: 33489913 PMCID: PMC7821354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are newly discovered intriguing RNAs due to the covalently closed loop structure, high stability, tissue specificity, and functional diversity. In recent years, a large number of circRNAs have been identified through high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics methods, the abnormal expression of circRNAs are closely related to many diseases including bladder cancer (BC). CircRNAs have been proven to have several functions, such as acting as a regulator of parental gene transcription, miRNA sponge and interacting with proteins to regulate its expression. In addition, some circRNAs have been identified to encode proteins. CircRNAs have the characteristics of high abundance, high stability, wide distribution in body fluids, tissue specificity, and developmental stage specificity, which determine that circRNAs has great potential to be utilized as biomarkers for BC. Herein, we briefly summarize the biogenesis, functions and roles, and the current research progress of circRNAs in BC with a focus on the potential application for BC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shikun Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Women and Children Health Hospital of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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79
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Sarkar D, Diermeier SD. Circular RNAs: Potential Applications as Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:2. [PMID: 33466455 PMCID: PMC7838774 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that form a covalently closed loop. A number of functions and mechanisms of action for circRNAs have been reported, including as miRNA sponge, exerting transcriptional and translational regulation, interacting with proteins, and coding for peptides. CircRNA dysregulation has also been implicated in many cancers, such as breast cancer. Their relatively high stability and presence in bodily fluids makes cancer-associated circRNAs promising candidates as a new biomarker. In this review, we summarize the research undertaken on circRNAs associated with breast cancer, discuss circRNAs as biomarkers, and present circRNA-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah D. Diermeier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
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80
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Ma YS, Yang XL, Xin R, Liu JB, Fu D. Power and promise of exosomes as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic vectors for liquid biopsy and cancer control. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188497. [PMID: 33370570 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, microvesicles derived from the nuclear endosome and plasma membrane, can be released into the extracellular environment to act as mediators between the cell membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, lipids, or RNA. Exosomes are considered effective carriers of intercellular signals in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, because of their ability to efficiently transfer proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cellular compartments. Since the 2007 discovery that exosomes carry bioactive substances, exosomes have been intensively researched. In various physiological and pathological processes, exosomes play important biological roles by specifically combining with receptor cells and transmitting information. Their stable biological characteristics, diversity of contents, non-invasiveness path for introducing signaling molecules, and ability for rapid detection make exosomes a promising clinical diagnostic marker for potentially many pathological conditions, including cancers. Exosomes are not only considered biomarkers and prognostic disease factors, but also have potential as gene carriers and drug delivery vectors, and have important clinical significance and application potential in the fields of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shui Ma
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rui Xin
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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81
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Lin S, Xiong W, Liu H, Pei L, Yi H, Guan Y. Profiling and Integrated Analysis of Differentially Expressed Circular RNAs in Plasma Exosomes as Novel Biomarkers for Advanced-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12965-12977. [PMID: 33376346 PMCID: PMC7755339 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s279710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exosomes contain abundant circRNAs and are determined to be involved in the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Thus, our study aimed to explore new circRNAs in plasma exosomes that could be involved in such pathogenesis. Patients and Methods High-throughput sequencing was used in identifying the alterations in exosomal circRNA expression. Gene ontology functional analysis (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to determine the significant functions and pathways associated with differentially expressed circRNAs. TargetScan and miRanda were used to predict circRNA-targeted microRNAs and mRNAs. CircRNA expression profiles were then validated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to determine the roles of has_circ_0102537 in LUAD progression. Results We identified six significantly upregulated and 214 significantly downregulated circRNAs. GO and KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the differentially expressed circRNAs are involved in the occurrence and development of LUAD. A circRNA–miRNA–mRNA meshwork was established to predict the potential interactions among these RNAs. The circRNA expression profile was then subjected to qRT-PCR for validation. We identified hsa_circ_0102537 to be downregulated in both LUAD plasma exosomes and tissues. GO, KEGG pathway analysis, circRNA–miRNA–mRNA meshwork, and further experiments suggest that hsa_circ_0102537 could be involved in LUAD progression. Conclusion Our study explored a large number of circRNAs that may be involved in the LUAD pathogenesis, thereby supporting the need for further research on both diagnosis biomarkers and the potential intervention therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenji Xiong
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibo Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Pei
- Department of Echocardiography, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanfa Yi
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Guan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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82
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Tsitsipatis D, Gorospe M. Practical guide for circular RNA analysis: Steps, tips, and resources. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 12:e1633. [PMID: 33112505 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances in RNA sequencing and analysis have allowed an increasingly thorough investigation of a previously unexplored class of transcripts, circular (circ)RNAs. Accumulating evidence suggests that circRNAs have unique functions which often rely on their association with microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins. Through these interactions, circRNAs have been implicated in major cellular processes and hence in the pathophysiology of a range of diseases. Here, we provide guidelines to consider when developing studies on circRNAs, including detecting and selecting the circRNAs, identifying their binding partners and sites of interaction, modulating circRNA levels, assessing copy numbers and stoichiometry, and addressing other points unique to circRNA analysis. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsitsipatis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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83
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Laschos K, Lampropoulou DI, Aravantinos G, Piperis M, Filippou D, Theodoropoulos G, Gazouli M. Exosomal noncoding RNAs in cholangiocarcinoma: Laboratory noise or hope? World J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 12:407-424. [PMID: 33194090 PMCID: PMC7642347 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v12.i10.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, extracellular vesicles and particularly exosomes have gained a lot of research interest due to their unique roles in several biological processes. Noncoding RNAs (microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs) represent a class of functional RNA with distinct regulatory roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare but highly aggressive type of malignancy that is very challenging to diagnose, especially in early stages; surgical resection still represents the sole potentially curative treatment option. Hence, there is an urgent need for the discovery of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Hereby, we provide a comprehensive review of the most recent discoveries that focus on exosomal noncoding RNAs in cholangio-carcinoma with the aim to identify new molecular players that could be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Laschos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargiroi”, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Dimitra Ioanna Lampropoulou
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargiroi”, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Aravantinos
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, General Oncology Hospital of Kifissia “Agioi Anargiroi”, Athens 14564, Greece
| | - Maria Piperis
- Radiation Therapy Department, Iatropolis, Athens 15231, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Filippou
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - George Theodoropoulos
- 1st Propaedeutic University Surgery Clinic, Hippocratio General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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84
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The role of circular RNAs in viral infection and related diseases. Virus Res 2020; 291:198205. [PMID: 33132144 PMCID: PMC7581343 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CircRNAs are formed by pre-mRNA through “back-splicing”. CircRNAs regulate host immune response and virus replication. CircRNAs have potential as diagnostic markers or treatment targets for viral infection.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with a special covalently closed circular structure, which is formed by precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) through “back-splicing”. CircRNAs are more stable than linear RNAs because they are resistant to exoribonucleases. Viral infections often cause abnormal expression of circRNAs, which could serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of viral infections by detecting specific circRNAs in cells, body fluids, or tissues. CircRNAs also play a critical role in regulating host immune response and virus replication. Here, we reviewed the production and function of circRNAs, mainly focusing on their regulation on virus infection, to provide novel insights into the potential role of circRNAs as diagnostic marker or treatment targets for viral infection.
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85
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Li S, Wang X. The potential roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3354-3365. [PMID: 33044018 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, it is difficult to efficaciously screen and diagnose osteosarcoma (OS) in advance due to the low sensitivity and poor specificity of the existing tumor markers. Exosomes (Exos) are nanoscale vesicles containing RNAs, lipids, and proteins with a diameter of 30-100 nm. They are multivesicular bodies formed during the invagination of lysosomal particles in cells and released extracellularly after fusing with cell membranes. Besides, Exos are important carriers of cell-to-cell communication signals and genetic materials in the tumor microenvironment. During tumorigenesis, the tumor cells interplay with immune cells, endothelial cells, and related fibroblasts through Exos and boost cancer development. After altering the surrounding microenvironment, the Exos drive tumor cells to proliferate, speed up angiogenesis, and boost cancers to develop along with body fluid transportation. Currently, Exos are becoming novel noninvasive tumor diagnostic markers with high sensitivity, exerting pivotal impacts in fundamental research and clinical applications. Here, we review the existing literature on the roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in OS progression and their potential clinical applications as novel biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.,School of Fundamental Sciences, Center of 3D Printing and Organ Manufacturing, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Center of 3D Printing and Organ Manufacturing, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Organ Manufacturing, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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86
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Circular RNAs in cancer: limitations in functional studies and diagnostic potential. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 75:49-61. [PMID: 33035655 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of noncoding RNAs, generated from a process called back-splicing, that possess critical regulatory functions in many cellular events. A large body of literature has reported various circRNA functions and their underlying mechanisms, including sponging miRNA, exerting transcriptional and translational regulation, interacting with proteins, and translating into peptides and proteins. CircRNA dysregulation has been implicated in many cancers, including lung, breast, liver, gastric, colorectal, and ovarian cancer. They are detectable in bodily fluids and relatively stable, making them potential cancer biomarker candidates. Furthermore, targeting circRNA expression levels is a potential therapeutic approach for treating cancers. In this review, we describe the functional mechanisms of circRNAs and discuss limitations of current mechanism studies. Following this, we outline the potential of circRNAs to be effective biomarkers in various cancers and present circRNA-based therapeutic approaches. Finally, we discuss challenges in using circRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools and propose future research directions.
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87
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Zhang C, Hu J, Yu Y. CircRNA Is a Rising Star in Researches of Ocular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:850. [PMID: 33015046 PMCID: PMC7494781 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly rediscovered subclass of noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs), is produced by a back-splicing mechanism with a covalently closed loop structure. They not only serve as the sponge for microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins but also regulate gene expression and epigenetic modification, translate into peptides, and generate pseudogenes. Dysregulation of circRNA expression has opened a new chapter in the etiology of various human disorders, including cancer and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and ocular diseases. Recent studies recognized the vital roles that circRNAs played in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases, highlighting circRNAs as promising biomarkers for diagnosis and assessment of progression and prognosis. Interventions targeting circRNAs provide insights for developing novel treatments for these ocular diseases. This review summarizes our current perception of the properties, biogenesis, and functions of circRNAs and the development of circRNA researches related to ophthalmologic diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, glaucoma, corneal neovascularization, cataract, pterygium, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, retinoblastoma, and ocular melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshou Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Hu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiande Branch, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Yu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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88
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Wang S, Ping M, Song B, Guo Y, Li Y, Jia J. Exosomal CircPRRX1 Enhances Doxorubicin Resistance in Gastric Cancer by Regulating MiR-3064-5p/PTPN14 Signaling. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:750-761. [PMID: 32882759 PMCID: PMC7471080 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.9.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor with a high mortality rate. Drug resistance is a major obstacle to GC therapy. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of exosomal circPRRX1 in doxorubicin resistance in GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS HGC-27 and AGS cells were exposed to different doses of doxorubicin to construct doxorubicin-resistant cell lines. Levels of circPRRX1, miR-3064-5p, and nonreceptor tyrosine phosphatase 14 (PTPN14) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR or Western blot assay. Then, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, transwell, and Western blot assays were used to explore the function of circPRRX1 in GC cells. Interactions among circPRRX1, miR-3064-5p, and PTPN14 were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The in vivo function of circPRRX1 was analyzed in a xenograft tumor model. RESULTS CircPRRX1 was highly expressed in doxorubicin-resistant GC cell lines. Knockdown of circPRRX1 reversed doxorubicin resistance in doxorubicin-resistant GC cells. Additionally, extracellular circPRRX1 was carried by exosomes to spread doxorubicin resistance. CircPRRX1 silencing reduced doxorubicin resistance by targeting miR-3064-5p or regulating PTPN14. In GC patients, high levels of circPRRX1 in serum exosomes were associated with poor responses to doxorubicin treatment. Moreover, depletion of circPRRX1 reduced doxorubicin resistance in vivo. CONCLUSION CircPRRX1 strengthened doxorubicin resistance by modulating miR-3064-5p/PTPN14 signaling and might be a therapeutic target for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Mei Ping
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yarong Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yuanfei Li
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Junmei Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China.
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89
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Ma S, Kong S, Wang F, Ju S. CircRNAs: biogenesis, functions, and role in drug-resistant Tumours. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:119. [PMID: 32758239 PMCID: PMC7409473 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted treatment, which can specifically kill tumour cells without affecting normal cells, is a new approach for tumour therapy. However, tumour cells tend to acquire resistance to targeted drugs during treatment. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNA molecules with unique structures and important functions. With the development of RNA sequencing technology, circRNAs have been found to be widespread in tumour-resistant cells and to play important regulatory roles. In this review, we present the latest advances in circRNA research and summarize the various mechanisms underlying their regulation. Moreover, we review the role of circRNAs in the chemotherapeutic resistance of tumours and explore the clinical value of circRNA regulation in treating tumour resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, NO.20, Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, NO.20, Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,School of Public Health, Nantong University, NO. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, NO.20, Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, NO.20, Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.,School of Public Health, Nantong University, NO. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, NO.20, Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, NO.20, Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Public Health, Nantong University, NO. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
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90
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Fangzhou Shi
- Department of GeriatricsAffiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySecond Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative ChemistryCollege of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Hepatopancreaticobiliary SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
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91
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Li Z, Cheng Y, Wu F, Wu L, Cao H, Wang Q, Tang W. The emerging landscape of circular RNAs in immunity: breakthroughs and challenges. Biomark Res 2020; 8:25. [PMID: 32665846 PMCID: PMC7348111 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently linked RNAs that exhibit individual strand with a closed-loop framework compared with a conserving, steady and abundant linear counterpart. In recent years, as high-throughput sequencing advancement has been developing, functional circRNAs have been increasingly recognized, and more extensive analyses expounded their effect on different diseases. However, the study on the function of circRNAs in the immune system remains insufficient. This study discusses the basic principles of circRNAs regulation and the systems involved in physiology-related and pathology-related processes. The effect of circRNAs on immune regulation is elucidated. The ongoing development of circRNAs and basic immunology has multiplied their potential in treating diseases. Such perspective will summarize the status and effect of circRNAs on various immune cells in cancer, autoimmune diseases and infections. Moreover, this study will primarily expound the system of circRNAs in T lymphocytes, macrophages and other immune cells, which creates a novel perspective and lay a theoretical basis for treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxiao Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
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92
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Tagawa T, Serquiña A, Kook I, Ziegelbauer J. Viral non-coding RNAs: Stealth strategies in the tug-of-war between humans and herpesviruses. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 111:135-147. [PMID: 32631785 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic DNA viruses establish lifelong infections in humans, and they cause cancers, often in immunocompromised patients, despite anti-viral immune surveillance targeted against viral antigens. High-throughput sequencing techniques allowed the field to identify novel viral non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs are ideal factors for DNA viruses to exploit; they are non-immunogenic to T cells, thus viral ncRNAs can manipulate host cells without evoking adaptive immune responses. Viral ncRNAs may still trigger the host innate immune response, but many viruses encode decoys/inhibitors to counter-act and evade recognition. In addition, ncRNAs can be secreted to the extracellular space and influence adjacent cells to create a pro-viral microenvironment. In this review, we present recent progress in understanding interactions between oncoviruses and ncRNAs including small and long ncRNAs, microRNAs, and recently identified viral circular RNAs. In addition, potential clinical applications for ncRNA will be discussed. Extracellular ncRNAs are suggested to be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and, with the realization of the importance of viral ncRNAs in tumorigenesis, approaches to target critical viral ncRNAs are emerging. Further understanding of viral utilization of ncRNAs will advance anti-viral therapeutics beyond conventional medication and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Tagawa
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Anna Serquiña
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Insun Kook
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Joseph Ziegelbauer
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
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93
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Sun D, Wang G, Xiao C, Xin Y. Hsa_circ_001988 attenuates GC progression in vitro and in vivo via sponging miR-197-3p. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:612-624. [PMID: 32592202 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hsa_circ_001988 has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in several carcinomas. However, its expression pattern and role in gastric cancer (GC) have still remained elusive. This study aimed to explore the functions of hsa_circ_001988 in GC. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to assess the expressions of hsa_circ_001988, miR-197-3p, FBXW7, CCDC6, and U2AF65 in GC tissues. The correlation analysis was undertaken to find out the relationship between hsa_circ_001988 expression and clinicopathological factors. A series of cellular experiments were carried out to describe the effects of hsa_circ_001988 on GC in vivo and in vitro. Besides, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was performed to verify the relationship among EIF4A3, U2AF65, and hsa_circ_001988. We first found that the expression of hsa_circ_001988 was decreased in 341 GC patients that was related to World Health Organization histological types, Lauren types, and tumor invasion depth (p < .05). Silencing of hsa_circ_001988 facilitated proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of GC cells, while overexpression of hsa_circ_001988 reversed the effect on GC progression in vitro. Additionally, the results of subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model demonstrated that overexpressing hsa_circ_001988 significantly suppressed the subcutaneous tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_001988 attenuated the miR-197-3p expression possibly due to its molecular sponge effect, and then, positively promoted FBXW7 expression. Afterwards, FBXW7 regulated the expressions of yes-associated protein 1, cyclinD1, CCDC6, and EMT-related proteins. Notably, RIP assay showed the enrichment relationship among EIF4A3, U2AF65, and hsa_circ_001988. Additionally, EIF4A3 or U2AF65 promoted cyclization of hsa_circ_001988 in GC. Hsa_circ_001988 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of GC via modulating EIF4A3/U2AF65-mediated hsa_circ_001988/miR-197-3p/FBXW7 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chang Xiao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Xin
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Onco-Pathology, Cancer Institute and General Surgery Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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94
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Tu C, He J, Qi L, Ren X, Zhang C, Duan Z, Yang K, Wang W, Lu Q, Li Z. Emerging landscape of circular RNAs as biomarkers and pivotal regulators in osteosarcoma. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9037-9058. [PMID: 32452026 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma represents the most prevailing primary bone tumor and the third most common cancer in children and adolescents worldwide. Among noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) refer to a unique class in the shape of a covalently closed continuous loop with neither 5' caps nor 3'-polyadenylated tails, which are generated through back-splicing. Recently, with the development of whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies, a growing number of circRNAs have been found aberrantly expressed in multiple diseases, including osteosarcoma. circRNA are capable of various biological functions including miRNA sponge, mediating alternatives, regulating genes at posttranscriptional levels, and interacting with proteins, indicating a pivotal role of circRNA in cancer initiation, progression, chemoresistance, and immune response. Moreover, circRNAs have been thrust into the spotlight as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in osteosarcoma. Herein, we briefly summarize the origin and biogenesis of circRNA with current knowledge of circRNA in tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma, aiming to elucidate the specific role and clinical implication of circRNAs in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixi Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanchun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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95
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LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Exosomes as a Multicomponent Biomarker Platform in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:767-774. [PMID: 32307267 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease that is associated with genetic aberrations and subsequent cellular and noncellular host responses. Tumors harbor diverse cell types that engage in a dynamic interplay to sustain cancer-specific signaling networks. A component of such cellular communication is the production and exchange of various types of extracellular vesicle (EV). Exosomes are small EVs with growing recognition for their role in cancer progression and resistance to therapy. The unique biogenesis of exosomes, their ubiquitous production by all cell types, and their biological features in liquid biopsies have generated excitement for their potential as cancer biomarkers. Here, we discuss the challenges and utility of exosomes as multiparameter biomarker platforms for the detection of cancer. Exosomes reflect heterogeneous biological changes associated with growing tumors, potentially offering a more comprehensive assessment of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S LeBleu
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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96
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Xu F, Ni M, Li J, Cheng J, Zhao H, Zhao J, Huang S, Wu X. Circ0004390 promotes cell proliferation through sponging miR-198 in ovarian cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:14-20. [PMID: 32192774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs which play important roles in human diseases and tumor progression. However, the function of circRNAs in ovarian cancer remains to be uncovered. Here we found a large amount of circRNAs that are differentially expressed in ovarian cancer tissues compared with normal ovarian tissues. We further identified one circRNA derived from the LPAR3 gene and termed Circ0004390, which was frequently upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues. The knockdown of Circ0004390 can significantly reduce the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. We further demonstrated that Circ0004390 may promote cell proliferation by acting as a sponge for the miR-198 family to regulated the MET expression in ovarian cancer cells. The level of Circ0004390 was closely related with overall survival of ovarian cancer patients. Our findings suggested that Circ0004390 regulated ovarian cancer proliferation by miR-198/MET axis, which might provide a potential target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdong Ni
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyun Zhao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglin Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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97
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Tang Q, Hann SS. Biological Roles and Mechanisms of Circular RNA in Human Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2067-2092. [PMID: 32210574 PMCID: PMC7069569 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s233672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is an intriguing class of RNA with covalently closed-loop structure and is highly stable and conservative. As new members of the ncRNAs, the function, mechanism, potential diagnostic biomarker, and therapeutic target have raised increased attention. Most circRNAs are presented with characteristics of abundance, stability, conservatism, and often exhibiting tissue/developmental-stage-specific manner. Over 30,000 circRNAs have been identified with their unique structures to maintain stability more easily than linear RNAs. An increased numbers of circRNAs are dysregulated and involved in several biological processes of malignance, such as tumorigenesis, growth, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and vascularization. Emerging evidence suggests that circRNAs play important roles by acting as miRNA sponge or protein scaffolding, autophagy regulators, and interacting with RNA-binding protein (RBP), which may potentially serve as a novel promising biomarker for prevention, diagnosis and therapeutic target for treatment of human cancer with great significance either in scientific research or clinic arena. This review introduces concept, major features of circRNAs, and mainly describes the major biological functions and clinical relevance of circRNAs, as well as expressions and regulatory mechanisms in various types of human cancer, including pathogenesis, mode of action, potential target, signaling regulatory pathways, drug resistance, and therapeutic biomarkers. All of which provide evidence for the potential utilities of circRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Swei Sunny Hann
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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