51
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Mallareddy JR, Borics A, Keresztes A, Kövér KE, Tourwé D, Tóth G. Design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and structure-activity study of novel endomorphin analogues with multiple structural modifications. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1462-72. [PMID: 21287991 DOI: 10.1021/jm101515v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on new proteolytically stable, pharmacologically active endomorphin analogues, incorporating Dmt(1), Achc(2), pFPhe(4), or βMePhe(4) unnatural amino acids. Consistent with earlier results, it was found that the analogues carrying Dmt(1) and Achc(2) residues displayed the highest μ-opioid receptor affinities, depending upon the configuration of the incorporated Achc(2). Combination of such derivatives with pFPhe(4) or βMePhe(4) yielded further compounds with variable binding potencies. Combined application of Dmt(1), cis-(1S,2R)Achc(2), and pFPhe(4) (compound 16) resulted in the most potent analogue. Ligand stimulated [(35)S]GTPγS binding assays indicated that the analogues retained their agonist activities and opioid receptor specificities. NMR and molecular modeling studies of the analogues containing βMePhe(4) or pFPhe(4) confirmed the predominance of bent structures, however, it is apparent that bent structures are energetically more favored than random/extended structures for all studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayapal Reddy Mallareddy
- Institute of Biochemistry , Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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52
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Liu WX, Wang R. Endomorphins: potential roles and therapeutic indications in the development of opioid peptide analgesic drugs. Med Res Rev 2011; 32:536-80. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou China
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53
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Gach K, do-Rego JC, Fichna J, Storr M, Delbro D, Toth G, Janecka A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel peripherally active morphiceptin analogs. Peptides 2010; 31:1617-24. [PMID: 20434497 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Morphiceptin (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pro-NH(2)), a tetrapeptide present in the enzymatic digest of bovine beta-casein, is a selective ligand of the mu-opioid receptor. In the present study, we describe the synthesis of a series of novel morphiceptin analogs modified in positions 1-3. Two of the obtained analogs, [Dmt(1), D-Ala(2), D-1-Nal(3)]morphiceptin and [Dmt(1), D-NMeAla(2), D-1-Nal(3)]morphiceptin (Dmt-2',6'-dimethyltyrosine and d-1-Nal-3-(1-naphthyl)-D-alanine)) displayed very high mu-receptor affinity, resistance to enzymatic degradation, and remarkable supraspinally mediated analgesia, as shown in the hot-plate test after intracerebroventricular but not intravenous administration, which indicated that they could not cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, these two analogs were further tested in vitro and in vivo towards their possible peripheral analgesic activity and inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal (GI) motility. We report that both peptides showed strong antinociceptive effect in the writhing test after intraperitoneal administration, inhibited smooth muscle contractility in vitro and GI motility in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that the novel morphiceptin analogs which induce peripheral, but not central antinociception, inhibit GI transit, and possess exceptional metabolic stability, may provide an interesting approach to the development of peripherally restricted agents for the treatment of GI motility disorders, such as diarrhea or diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/metabolism
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antidiarrheals/chemical synthesis
- Antidiarrheals/chemistry
- Antidiarrheals/metabolism
- Antidiarrheals/pharmacology
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Drug Stability
- Endorphins/administration & dosage
- Endorphins/chemical synthesis
- Endorphins/chemistry
- Endorphins/metabolism
- Endorphins/pharmacology
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects
- In Vitro Techniques
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Ligands
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Neurotransmitter Agents/chemical synthesis
- Neurotransmitter Agents/chemistry
- Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism
- Neurotransmitter Agents/pharmacology
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Pain Measurement
- Peripheral Nerves/drug effects
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents/chemical synthesis
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents/chemistry
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents/metabolism
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents/pharmacology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gach
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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54
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Van Dorpe S, Adriaens A, Polis I, Peremans K, Van Bocxlaer J, De Spiegeleer B. Analytical characterization and comparison of the blood-brain barrier permeability of eight opioid peptides. Peptides 2010; 31:1390-9. [PMID: 20347901 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Opioid drugs, including the newly developed peptides, should penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for pain management activity. Although BBB transport is fragmentarily described for some mu-opioid peptides, a complete and comparative overview is currently lacking. In this study, the BBB transport of eight opioid peptides (EM-1, EM-2, CTAP, CTOP, DAMGO, dermorphin, TAPP and TAPS) is described and compared. In addition, the metabolic stability in plasma and brain was evaluated. The highest influx rate was obtained for dermorphin (K(in)=2.18 microl/(g x min)), followed by smaller rates for EM-1, EM-2 and TAPP (K(in)=1.06-1.14 microl/(g x min)). Negligible influx was observed for DAMGO, CTOP and TAPS (K(in)=0.18-0.40 microl/(g x min)) and no influx for CTAP. Capillary depletion revealed that all peptides reached brain parenchyma for over 75%. Efflux was shown for TAPP (t(1/2)=2.82 min) and to a lesser extent for EM-1, EM-2 and DAMGO (t(1/2)=10.66-21.98 min), while no significant efflux was observed for the other peptides. All peptides were stable in mouse plasma and brain, with generally higher stability in brain, except for EM-1 and EM-2 which showed plasma half-life stabilities of a few minutes only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Van Dorpe
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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55
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56
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Jessop DS, Fassold A, Wolff C, Hofbauer R, Chover-Gonzalez A, Richards LJ, Straub RH. Endomorphins in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and experimental arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1193:117-22. [PMID: 20398016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The opioid tetrapeptides endomorphins (EM)-1 and EM-2 are widely expressed in central nervous system and immune tissues of rats and humans. Their analgesic properties are well characterized but they also have anti-inflammatory properties. EM-1 significantly attenuated the onset of hindpaw inflammation in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the presence of EMs in T cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts in synovial tissues from patients with osteo- or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In an ex vivo superfusion system, EM-1 potently inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 from synovial tissues from patients with osteo- or RA. These results demonstrate that EMs are endogenously synthesized within human immune cells and have the potential to act as potent therapeutic agents in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease. We discuss the clinical potential for EM analogues chemically modified to resist proteolytic degradation and identify modified protease-resistant analogues with enhanced bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Jessop
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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57
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58
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Perlikowska R, do-Rego JC, Cravezic A, Fichna J, Wyrebska A, Toth G, Janecka A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of cyclic endomorphin-2 analogs. Peptides 2010; 31:339-45. [PMID: 19995587 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In our previous paper we reported synthesis and biological activity of two cyclic analogs of endomorphin-2 (EM-2): Tyr-c(Lys-Phe-Phe-Asp)-NH(2) and Tyr-c(Asp-Phe-Phe-Lys)-NH(2), achieved by making an amid bond between Lys and Asp side-chains. The first analog did not bind to the mu-opioid receptor, the affinity of the second one was very low. In the present study, we describe the synthesis of four novel cyclic analogs of similar structure, but with d-amino acids in position 2 (D-Lys or D-Asp). All new analogs displayed high affinity for the mu-opioid receptor, were much more stable than EM-2 in rat brain homogenate and showed remarkable antinociceptive activity after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration. Analgesic effect of the most potent cyclic analog, Tyr-c(D-Lys-Phe-Phe-Asp)NH(2) was much stronger and longer lasting than that of EM-2. This analog elicited analgesia also after peripheral administration and this effect was reversed by concomitant i.c.v. injection of the mu-opioid antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine, which indicated that antinociception was mediated by the mu-opioid receptor in the brain. Central action of the cyclic analog gives evidence that it was able to cross the blood-brain barrier, most likely due to the increased lipophilicity. Our results demonstrate that cyclization might be a promising strategy to enhance bioavailability of peptides and may serve a role in the development of novel endomorphin analogs with increased therapeutic potential.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics, Opioid/chemistry
- Analgesics, Opioid/metabolism
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Endorphins/chemical synthesis
- Endorphins/chemistry
- Endorphins/metabolism
- Endorphins/therapeutic use
- Injections, Intravenous
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives
- Naltrexone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Pain/prevention & control
- Pain Measurement
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemical synthesis
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Tissue Extracts/metabolism
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59
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Perlikowska R, Fichna J, WyrÄbska A, Poels J, Vanden Broeck J, Toth G, Storr M, do Rego JC, Janecka A. Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Endomorphin Analogues with Non-Cyclic Amino Acid Residues in Position 2. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 106:106-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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60
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Fichna J, Gach K, Perlikowska R, Cravezic A, Bonnet JJ, do-Rego JC, Janecka A, Storr MA. Novel endomorphin analogues with antagonist activity at the mu-opioid receptor in the gastrointestinal tract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 162:109-14. [PMID: 20083143 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Opioid bowel dysfunction (OBD) summarizes common adverse side effects of opiate-based management of pain. A promising therapeutic approach to prevent OBD and other opioid-related disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the co-administration of opiates with peripherally-restricted mu-opioid receptor (MOR)-selective antagonists. The aim of this study was to investigate the selectivity and efficacy of three novel peptide antagonists: antanal-1, antanal-2, and antanal-2A at MOR in the GI tract in vitro and in vivo. The effects of the antanals on GI motility were studied in vitro, using isolated preparations of mouse ileum and colon and in vivo, by measuring colonic propulsion in mice. Additionally, in vitro stability against enzymatic degradation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability using the hot plate test in mice were examined. The antanals significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of the MOR agonists endomorphin-2, morphine, and loperamide on mouse ileum and colon contractions in vitro and blocked morphine-induced decrease of colonic bead expulsion in vivo. The hot plate test in mice showed that the antagonist activity of all antanals was restricted to the periphery. Antanal-1, antanal-2, and antanal-2A are promising MOR antagonists with limited BBB permeability, which may be developed into future therapeutics of opioid-related GI dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Fichna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
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61
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González-Rodríguez S, Pevida M, Roques BP, Fournié-Zaluski MC, Hidalgo A, Menéndez L, Baamonde A. Involvement of enkephalins in the inhibition of osteosarcoma-induced thermal hyperalgesia evoked by the blockade of peripheral P2X3 receptors. Neurosci Lett 2009; 465:285-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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62
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Sinisi R, Ghilardi A, Ruiu S, Lazzari P, Malpezzi L, Sani M, Pani L, Zanda M. Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of Trifluoroethylamine Analogues of Enkephalins. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1416-20. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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63
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Perlikowska R, Gach K, Fichna J, Toth G, Walkowiak B, do-Rego JC, Janecka A. Biological activity of endomorphin and [Dmt1]endomorphin analogs with six-membered proline surrogates in position 2. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3789-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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