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Roggeman T, Bosmans T, Breynaert A, Polis I. A survey on anesthetic procedures for elective surgeries in small animal practices in Flanders. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2022. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.84989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to report and evaluate the auxiliary anesthetic equipment and procedures used for elective surgical castration procedures with a low perianesthetic risk in small animal practices in Flanders. This online survey showed an overall acceptable standard of anesthetic procedures by veterinarians in Flanders. Practices are fairly well equipped to monitor patients safely during anesthesia. The main areas of improvement include in general an absence of emergency crash kits and a lack of intraoperative fluid therapy. Specifically for feline anesthesia, there appears to be a lack of endotracheal intubation, IV access and anesthetic monitoring. Although postoperative analgesia is offered to most patients, additional attention should be given to provide analgesia for a sufficient period of time.
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Debelle A, Hesta M, de Rooster H, Bianchini E, Vanhoestenberghe A, Stock E, Vanderperren K, Polis I, Smets H, Cury J, Acuña V, Delchambre A, Innocenti B, Devière J, Nonclercq A. Impact of adaptive gastric electrical stimulation on weight, food intake, and food intake rate in dogs. Artif Organs 2021; 46:1055-1067. [PMID: 34932224 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has been studied for decades as a promising treatment for obesity. Stimulation pulses with fixed amplitude and pulse width are usually applied, but these have limitations with regard to overcoming habituation to GES and inter-subject variation. This study aims to analyze the efficacy of an adaptive GES protocol for reducing food intake and maintaining lean weight in dogs. METHODS Six beagle dogs were implanted with a remotely programmable gastric stimulator. An adaptive protocol was designed to increase the stimulation energy proportionally to the excess of food consumption, with respect to the dogs' maintenance energy requirements. After surgery and habituation to experimental conditions, the dogs went through both a control and a stimulation period of 4 weeks each, in a randomized order. The stimulation parameters were adapted daily. Body weight, food intake, food intake rate, and postprandial cutaneous electrogastrograms (EGG) were recorded to assess the effect of adaptive GES. RESULTS Adaptive GES decreased food intake and food intake rate (p < 0.05) resulting in weight maintenance. In the absence of GES, the dogs gained weight (p < 0.05). Postprandial EGG dominant frequency was accelerated by GES (p < 0.05). The strategy of adapting the stimulation energy was effective in causing significant mid-term changes. CONCLUSION Adaptive GES is effective for reducing food intake and maintaining lean weight. The proposed adaptive strategy may offer benefits to counter habituation and adapt to inter-subject variation in clinical use of GES for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Debelle
- Bio, Electro and Mechanical Systems Department, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myriam Hesta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde de Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Erika Bianchini
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Vanhoestenberghe
- Aspire Centre for Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology, Department of Materials and Tissue, University College London, Stanmore, UK
| | - Emmelie Stock
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vanderperren
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hugo Smets
- Bio, Electro and Mechanical Systems Department, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joaquin Cury
- Bio, Electro and Mechanical Systems Department, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vicente Acuña
- Bio, Electro and Mechanical Systems Department, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Delchambre
- Bio, Electro and Mechanical Systems Department, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernardo Innocenti
- Bio, Electro and Mechanical Systems Department, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Devière
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology, and Digestive Oncology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Nonclercq
- Bio, Electro and Mechanical Systems Department, Ecole polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Verdoodt F, Roggeman T, Polis I. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the RECOVER guidelines at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2021. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v90i3.20410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of the RECOVER guidelines at the Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Ghent University was assessed by performing both a cross-sectional research and a study on the impact of training. During a six-month prospective cross-sectional study, 39 patients, which underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), were recorded. This corresponds with an incidence of 1.8% of all hospitalized patients that underwent CPR during the same period. Of these cases, 32 were included in the statistics. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was obtained in eleven patients (34.3%), but only one dog (3.1%) survived to discharge. In this study, an association between hemolymphatic disease as concomitant disease and not obtaining ROSC was shown. Subsequently, four cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training sessions were organized. The confidence of the participants was evaluated before and after these training sessions and showed a significant increase after the training session. With increased training of all personnel and students involved in CPR efforts, the aim of this study was to increase positive outcomes and to achieve a more standardized CPR protocol.
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Bertal M, Vezzoni A, Van der Vekens E, Polis I, Saunders JH, Broeckx BJG. Analysis of a Laxity Index Database and Comparison with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale Grades of This Population. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2020; 34:108-114. [PMID: 33129210 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyse the distribution of the laxity indices (LI) in a dog population, to compare the LI with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) grades and to search for differences of LI between breeds. STUDY DESIGN The database was composed of all dogs presented to the University Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Ghent for obligatory hip screening between January 2016 and February 2019, and all patients presented to orthopaedic consultation between January 2017 and January 2019 for a complaint of hindlimb lameness, which underwent both a standard extended ventrodorsal radiograph of the hips and a stress radiograph revealing hip joint laxity. The latter was obtained by means of the Vezzoni-modified Badertscher distension device and the LI was calculated. For each dog of the population, the LI was then compared with the FCI grade. RESULTS The LI values ranged between 0.15 and 1.04, with a mean of 0.46. The LI and the FCI grade increased together, and showed a moderate-to-good correlation. There was a highly significant overall difference in the mean value of LI per FCI grade group (p < 0.001). The mean LI of the Labrador Retrievers was slightly but significantly lower than the mean LI of the Golden Retrievers (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The LI calculated on a stress radiograph taken with the Vezzoni-modified Badertscher distension device shows a good correlation with the FCI grade assigned on a standard extended ventrodorsal projection. A wide range of passive hip joint laxity exists in dogs considered to be phenotypically normal based on the FCI grading method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mileva Bertal
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Elke Van der Vekens
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jimmy H Saunders
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart J G Broeckx
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Vali Y, Villamonte-Chevalier A, Broeckx BJG, Polis I, Saunders J, Gielen I. The effect of patient positioning on adrenal gland linear measurements estimated from computed tomographic images in healthy beagle dogs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106406. [PMID: 32014740 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Considering that recumbency can lead to a change in localization, detectability of distinct margins and thus measurement of the organs and reconstruction quality, it is of value to evaluate the effect of positioning on the objective evaluation of abdominal organs in computed tomography (CT). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of patient decubitus on adrenal gland CT biometry. For this purpose, 6 clinically healthy adult beagle dogs underwent CT examination in 4 recumbencies. The various adrenal gland's size measurements were performed by 2 observers. Statistical analyses revealed that repeatability and reproducibility was the highest on the ventral and right lateral recumbencies, respectively. Significant differences were found in the left adrenal gland's length between the different positions (P < 0.001) and the left adrenal gland's width of the cranial pole measured in the dorsal plane (P < 0.04). The measurements on the parasagittal images differed significantly for the left adrenal length (P = 0.01), cranial pole height (P = 0.03), the right adrenal gland's lateral limb's length (P = 0.05) and medial limb's caudal poles height (P < 0.01). The caudal pole height of the right adrenal gland's medial limb was significantly different (P < 0.01) in all positions on the transverse images. In addition, the adrenal position differed significantly, except for the left adrenal gland relative to the nearest renal vessel (P = 0.1). According to these results, it is recommended to perform a CT of adrenal glands always in the same recumbency. If adrenal glands are evaluated on images taken in various recumbencies, we suggest relying on the measurements made on transverse plane images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Vali
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Villamonte-Chevalier
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopedics of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B J G Broeckx
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Polis
- Small Animal Department, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J Saunders
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopedics of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Gielen
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopedics of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Favril S, Brioschi C, Vanderperren K, Abma E, Stock E, Devriendt N, Polis I, De Cock H, Cordaro A, Miragoli L, Oliva P, Valbusa G, Alleaume C, Tardy I, Maiocchi A, Tedoldi F, Blasi F, de Rooster H. Preliminary safety and imaging efficacy of the near-infrared fluorescent contrast agent DA364 during fluorescence-guided surgery in dogs with spontaneous superficial tumors. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2310-2326. [PMID: 32595830 PMCID: PMC7299531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting contrast agents may facilitate resection of solid neoplasms during fluorescence-guided surgery. Preliminary safety and imaging efficacy of the near-infrared fluorescent probe DA364 were evaluated during surgical resection of spontaneous solid tumors in 24 dogs. Intra-operative imaging was performed in situ and on excised specimens to evaluate fluorescence intensities of tumor and adjacent tissues. After standard-of-care tumor resection, the wound bed was imaged again, and additional tissue was excised if residual fluorescence was detected. DA364 was well tolerated after intravenous administration. The median tumor-to-background ratio in situ for mammary tumors, mast cell tumors and sarcomas was 1.8 (range 1.2–3.9), 2.2 (range 1.0–5.6), and 4.2 (range 2.0–4.3), respectively. Qualitative intra-operative tumor identification was feasible in half of the cases. Remaining fluorescence was detected in four wound beds that contained residual disease, and in11 tumor-free wound beds, confirmed by histopathology. Overall, DA364 did not raise safety concerns and showed accumulation in different types of spontaneous tumors, showing potential to pinpoint residual disease. Larger clinical trials are necessary to select accurate dosing and imaging protocols for specific indications to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Favril
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiara Brioschi
- Bracco Imaging SpA, c/o BioIndustry Park, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Katrien Vanderperren
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eline Abma
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmelie Stock
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nausikaa Devriendt
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hilde De Cock
- Medvet/Algemeen Medisch Laboratorium, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Alessia Cordaro
- Bracco Imaging SpA, c/o BioIndustry Park, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Luigi Miragoli
- Bracco Imaging SpA, c/o BioIndustry Park, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Paolo Oliva
- Bracco Imaging SpA, c/o BioIndustry Park, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Tedoldi
- Bracco Imaging SpA, c/o BioIndustry Park, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Bracco Imaging SpA, c/o BioIndustry Park, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | - Hilde de Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Favril S, Abma E, Stock E, Devriendt N, Van Goethem B, Blasi F, Brioschi C, Polis I, De Cock H, Miragoli L, Oliva P, Valbusa G, Vanderperren K, de Rooster H. Fluorescence-guided surgery using indocyanine green in dogs with superficial solid tumours. Vet Rec 2020; 187:273. [PMID: 32345608 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is a relatively novel technique that can aid surgeons during intraoperative tumour identification. METHODS Nine canine oncology patients (five mammary gland tumours, three mast cell tumours and one melanoma) received intravenous indocyanine green (ICG). After 24 hours, tumours were resected and fluorescence intensities of tumours and surroundings were evaluated. Additional wound bed tissue was resected if residual fluorescence was present after tumour resection. Ex vivo, fluorescence-guided dissection was performed to separate tumour from surrounding tissue. RESULTS Intraoperative NIRF-guided tumour delineation was feasible in four out of nine dogs. Wound bed imaging after tumour removal identified nine additional fluorescent lesions, of which four contained tumour tissue. One of these four true positive in vivo lesions was missed by standard-of-care inspection. Ex vivo fluorescence-guided tumour dissection showed a sensitivity of 72 per cent and a specificity of 80 per cent in discriminating between tumour and surrounding tissue. CONCLUSION The value of ICG for intraoperative tumour delineation seems more limited than originally thought. Although NIRF imaging using ICG did identify remaining tumour tissue in the wound bed, a high false positive rate was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Favril
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Medical Research Building, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eline Abma
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Medical Research Building, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmelie Stock
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nausikaa Devriendt
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Goethem
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Paolo Oliva
- Bracco Imaging SpA, Colleretto Giacosa, Italy
| | | | - Katrien Vanderperren
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hilde de Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Medical Research Building, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Heldens A, Roggeman T, Polis I. Anesthesie bij de obese hond en kat. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2020. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v89i1.15978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesitas is een belangrijk probleem in de diergeneeskunde. Aangezien obesitas niet enkel een opstapeling van vet is maar ook belangrijke cardiovasculaire en respiratoire implicaties heeft, kan dit het verloop van de anesthesie sterk beïnvloeden bij de betrokken patiënten. Bovendien kan obesitas een onderliggende oorzaak hebben of leiden tot gerelateerde aandoeningen die op hun beurt de anesthesie compliceren. Tot slot leidt obesitas ook tot veranderingen in de farmacokinetiek en -dynamiek, van onder andere anesthetica. Deze veranderingen vereisen dosisaanpassingen, afhankelijk van het anestheticum. In de diergeneeskunde is de beschikbare informatie hierover echter zeer beperkt en wordt ze daarom grotendeels verkregen door extrapolatie uit de humane geneeskunde. In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van de pathofysiologische en farmacologische veranderingen bij obese dieren waarmee rekening gehouden moet worden tijdens de anesthesie.
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Vlerick L, Devreese M, Peremans K, Dockx R, Croubels S, Duchateau L, Polis I. Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of ketamine after intranasal administration to dexmedetomidine sedated dogs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227762. [PMID: 31929589 PMCID: PMC6957157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intranasal ketamine has recently gained interest in human medicine, not only for its sedative, anaesthetic or analgesic properties, but also in the management of treatment resistant depression, where it has been shown to be an effective, fast acting alternative treatment. Since several similarities are reported between human psychiatric disorders and canine anxiety disorders, intranasal ketamine could serve as an alternative treatment for anxiety disordered dogs. However, to the authors knowledge, intranasal administration of ketamine and its pharmacokinetics have never been described in dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of intranasal ketamine administration compared with intravenous administration. Seven healthy, adult laboratory Beagle dogs were included in this randomized crossover study. The dogs received 2 mg/kg body weight ketamine intravenously (IV) or intranasally (IN), with a two-week wash-out period. Prior to ketamine administration, dogs were sedated intramuscularly with dexmedetomidine. Venous blood samples were collected at fixed times until 480 min post-administration and ketamine plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cardiovascular parameters and sedation scores were recorded at the same time points. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a rapid (Tmax = 0.25 ± 0.14 h) and complete IN bioavailability (F = 147.65 ± 49.97%). Elimination half-life was similar between both administration routes (T1/2el IV = 1.47 ± 0.24 h, T1/2el IN = 1.50 ± 0.97 h). Heart rate and sedation scores were significantly higher at 5 and 10 min following IV administration compared to IN administration, but not at the later time-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Vlerick
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Biometrics Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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10
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Pauwelyn G, Vlerick L, Dockx R, Verhoeven J, Dobbeleir A, Bosmans T, Peremans K, Vanhove C, Polis I, De Vos F. Kinetic analysis of [ 18F] altanserin bolus injection in the canine brain using PET imaging. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:415. [PMID: 31752848 PMCID: PMC6873736 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, [18F] altanserin is the most frequently used PET-radioligand for serotonin2A (5-HT2A) receptor imaging in the human brain but has never been validated in dogs. In vivo imaging of this receptor in the canine brain could improve diagnosis and therapy of several behavioural disorders in dogs. Furthermore, since dogs are considered as a valuable animal model for human psychiatric disorders, the ability to image this receptor in dogs could help to increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases. Therefore, five healthy laboratory beagles underwent a 90-min dynamic PET scan with arterial blood sampling after [18F] altanserin bolus injection. Compartmental modelling using metabolite corrected arterial input functions was compared with reference tissue modelling with the cerebellum as reference region. RESULTS The distribution of [18F] altanserin in the canine brain corresponded well to the distribution of 5-HT2A receptors in human and rodent studies. The kinetics could be best described by a 2-Tissue compartment (2-TC) model. All reference tissue models were highly correlated with the 2-TC model, indicating compartmental modelling can be replaced by reference tissue models to avoid arterial blood sampling. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that [18F] altanserin PET is a reliable tool to visualize and quantify the 5-HT2A receptor in the canine brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Pauwelyn
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lise Vlerick
- Small animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- Small animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhoeven
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre Dobbeleir
- Small animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Bosmans
- Small animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Small animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Institute Biomedical Technology - Medisip - Infinity, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Van Vugt R, Nauwynck H, Polis I, De Rooster H. Prevalentiestudie naar feliene immunodefiëntievirus en feliene leukosevirus bij straatkatten in Gent. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2019. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v88i3.16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Het feliene immunodeficiëntievirus (FIV) en het feliene leukosevirus (FeLV) zijn twee ziekteverwekkers bij de kat die de gezondheid van het dier op lange termijn aantasten. Zwerfkatten vormen een reservoir voor het behoud en de verspreiding van beide virussen tussen wilde dieren en naar gezelschapsdieren. Stad Gent voert al jarenlang een zwerfkattenbeleid volgens het vangen-castreren-terugplaatsen- (“trap-neuter-return”) principe, waarbij FIV- of FeLV-positief-testende katten geëuthanaseerd worden. Om de invloed van het bestrijdingsplan van Stad Gent op de prevalentie van FIV en FeLV te onderzoeken, werden data van zwerfkatten gevangen in 2009 en 2017 met elkaar vergeleken. Wat FeLV betreft, werd een sterke daling gezien (van 9,9% naar 0,7%). Bij FIV bleven opvallende verschillen uit (9,1% versus 10,3%). Er was ook een verschuiving waarneembaar van zowel het aantal gevangen zwerfkatten als van positief-testende katten van de binnenstad naar de randgebieden. Aanvullend onderzoek is aangeraden om meer factoren in kaart te brengen die de evolutie van FIV en FeLV bij verwilderde katten in de regio Gent bepalen.
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12
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Pauwelyn G, Vlerick L, Dockx R, Verhoeven J, Dobbeleir A, Peremans K, Goethals I, Bosmans T, Vanhove C, De Vos F, Polis I. PET quantification of [18F]MPPF in the canine brain using blood input and reference tissue modelling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218237. [PMID: 31185062 PMCID: PMC6559658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptor is implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Furthermore, functional imaging studies in a variety of species have demonstrated that 4-(2´-Methoxyphenyl)-1-[2´-(N-2´´-pyridinyl)-p- [18F]fluorobenzamidoethylpiperazine ([18F]MPPF) is a valid and useful PET tracer to visualize the 5HT1A receptor. However, to our knowledge, [18F]MPPF has never been demonstrated in the canine brain. The ability to image the 5HT1A receptor with PET in dogs could improve diagnosis and therapy in both canine and human behavioural and neuropsychiatric disorders. To examine the potential use of [18F]MPPF in dogs, five healthy adult laboratory beagles underwent a 60-minutes dynamic PET scan with [18F]MPPF while arterial blood samples were taken. For each region of interest, total distribution volume (VT) and corresponding binding potential (BPND) were calculated using the 1-tissue compartment model (1-TC), 2-Tissue compartment model (2-TC) and Logan plot. The preferred model was chosen based on the goodness-of-fit, calculated with the Akaike information criterium (AIC). Subsequently, the BPND values of the preferred compartment model were compared with the estimated BPND values using three reference tissue models (RTMs): the 2-step simplified reference tissue model (SRTM2), the 2-parameter multilinear reference tissue model (MRTM2) and the Logan reference tissue model. According to the lower AIC values of the 2-TC model compared to the 1-TC in all ROIs, the 2-TC model showed a better fit. Calculating BPND using reference tissue modelling demonstrated high correlation with the BPND obtained by metabolite corrected plasma input 2-TC. This first-in-dog study indicates the results of a bolus injection with [18F]MPPF in dogs are consistent with the observations presented in the literature for other animal species and humans. Furthermore, for future experiments, compartmental modelling using invasive blood sampling could be replaced by RTMs, using the cerebellum as reference region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Pauwelyn
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lise Vlerick
- Small Animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- Small Animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Andre Dobbeleir
- Small Animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Small Animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Bosmans
- Small Animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Institute Biomedical Technology–Medisip–Infinity, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small Animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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13
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Dehuisser V, Bosmans T, Devreese M, Gehring R, Croubels S, Duchateau L, Polis I. Alfaxalone total intravenous anaesthesia in dogs: pharmacokinetics, cardiovascular data and recovery characteristics. Vet Anaesth Analg 2019; 46:605-612. [PMID: 31395484 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cardiovascular effects, pharmacokinetic (PK) data and recovery characteristics of an alfaxalone constant rate infusion (CRI) of different duration in dogs at manufacturer's recommended dose rate. STUDY DESIGN Experimental, prospective, randomized, crossover study. ANIMALS Six intact female Beagles. METHODS Following an intravenous alfaxalone bolus (3 mg kg-1), anaesthesia was maintained using an alfaxalone CRI at 0.15 mg kg-1 minute-1 for 90 (short CRI) or 180 minutes (long CRI). Venous blood samples were collected to determine the PK profile. Cardiovascular variables and recovery characteristics were evaluated. Recovery was scored on a scale ranging from 0, excellent to 4, bad. A mixed-model statistical approach was used to compare the cardiovascular parameters (global α = 0.05). An analysis of variance was performed to compare PK parameters and recovery times between treatments. RESULTS No significant difference was noted between protocols for any PK parameter. Volume of distribution at steady state (935.74 ± 170.25 versus 1119.15 ± 190.65 mL kg-1), elimination half-life (12 ± 2 versus 13 ± 3 minutes), clearance from the central compartment (26.02 ± 4.41 versus 27.74 ± 5.65 mL kg-1 minute-1) and intercompartmental clearance (8.47 ± 4.06 versus 12.58 ± 7.03 mL kg-1 minute-1) were comparable for short CRI and long CRI. Cardiovascular variables remained within physiological limits. Mechanical ventilation was necessary (short CRI: n = 1, long CRI: n = 4). The manufacturer's recommended dose rate resulted in a light plane of anaesthesia. No significant differences in recovery times and scores were observed between treatments. The quality of recovery was scored as very poor with both protocols. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE PK data were similar between long and short infusions of alfaxalone at the manufacturer's recommended dose, with acceptable cardiovascular conditions. Nevertheless, both protocols resulted in a superficial plane of general anaesthesia with poor recovery characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dehuisser
- Department of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Tim Bosmans
- Department of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ronette Gehring
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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14
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Vlerick L, Peremans K, Dockx R, Audenaert K, Baeken C, Saunders JH, Polis I. The long-term effects of single and repeated subanaesthetic ketamine administration on regional cerebral blood flow in healthy dogs measured with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 285:18-24. [PMID: 30716686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Subanaesthetic ketamine has recently been established as an effective and rapid treatment for major depressive disorder showing antidepressant effects for up to 1 week on average. The use of repeated ketamine infusions has been put forward to augment and to prolong the antidepressant response and increase the remission rates. The underlying neurobiological mechanisms responsible for ketamine's antidepressant effects remain unclear. Nevertheless, it has been shown, both in dogs and humans, that ketamine can alter neuronal perfusion and therefore neuronal function in brain regions involved in psychiatric and behavioural disorders. Consequently, the aim of the current placebo controlled study was to assess the long-term effects on cerebral perfusion of single and repeated subanaesthetic ketamine infusions in dogs. Twelve healthy, laboratory dogs were scanned at six different time points following single and repeated ketamine administration, using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography with the radiotracer 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime. We hypothesised that repeated infusions could lead to more prolonged perfusion alterations in brain regions critical for behaviour regulation. We found that repeated subanaesthetic ketamine administration did not result in more prolonged cerebral perfusion alterations compared to a single ketamine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Vlerick
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kurt Audenaert
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jimmy H Saunders
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
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15
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Dockx R, Peremans K, De Bundel D, Van Eeckhaut A, Vlerick L, Polis I, Goethals I, Dobbeleir A, Saunders J, Baeken C. Acute accelerated high frequency TMS augments homovanillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy dogs. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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16
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Abstract
Orale sedatie, voorafgaand aan euthanasie bij agressieve honden
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De Rycke L, Vezzoni A, Polis I, Saunders J, Broeckx B, Bertal M. Technical Repeatability and Reproducibility of the Stress Radiographs Performed with the Vezzoni-Modified Badertscher Hip Distension Device. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2019; 32:67-72. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the radiographical stress technique using the Vezzoni-modified Badertscher distension device (VMBDD).
Materials and Methods Stress radiographs of 10 dogs obtained with the VMBDD were performed consecutively by two different operators and then measured twice by a third veterinarian. The technical repeatability was first assessed individually for the two operators who took the stress radiographs, followed by the technical reproducibility. The obtained variances were used to calculate the 95% limits of agreement for the measurement repeatability, the technical repeatability and the technical reproducibility.
Results Both the technical repeatability and reproducibility of the VMBDD technique were good, with the 95% limits of agreement of the measurement repeatability and technical repeatability equalling ± 0.07 overall, and the 95% limits of agreement of the technical reproducibility being ± 0.09.
Clinical Significance These results, in combination with the previous results for the measurement of the laxity index, support the use of the VMBDD as a reliable in-house evaluation method to assess the hip joint by trained clinicians. For screening purposes, however, we suggest to limit the number of evaluators, to limit the variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve De Rycke
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart Broeckx
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mileva Bertal
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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18
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Burger NC, Gadeyne C, Van Goethem B, Stock E, Polis I. A perianesthetic approach of heat stroke in a dog with laryngeal paralysis. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2018. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v87i6.16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this case report, a seven-year-old, male, castrated Landseer presented with chronic respiratory distress, occasional coughing, dysphonia and exercise intolerance is described. The stress caused by transportation and the physical examination rendered the dog severely dyspneic and cyanotic. At that moment, the core body temperature was increased up to 42.5 °C. Based on the clinical signs, laryngeal paralysis causing heat stroke was the most likely diagnosis. The dog was anesthetized and intensive temperature control methods, like active cooling and fluid therapy, were applied. As soon as the dog was cardiovascularly stable, emergency treatment for laryngeal paralysis was performed. As a result of timely intervention, the dog recovered completely without any persisting complications.
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Vlerick L, Peremans K, Dockx R, Audenaert K, Baeken C, De Spiegeleer B, Saunders J, Polis I. The influence of subanaesthetic ketamine on regional cerebral blood flow in healthy dogs measured with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209316. [PMID: 30562399 PMCID: PMC6298672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subanaesthetic ketamine has recently been proven to be a highly effective and fast acting alternative treatment for several psychiatric disorders. The mechanisms responsible for ketamine's antidepressant effects remain unclear, but a possible explanation could be that ketamine interacts with regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Therefore, the effects of two subanaesthetic ketamine doses on rCBF were evaluated. Twelve dogs were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment conditions (condition saline, condition 0.5 mg/kg ketamine or condition 2 mg/kg ketamine) and received in total five saline or ketamine infusions, with one week interval. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) scans with the radiotracer 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime were performed before the start of the infusions (baseline) and 24 hours after the first (single) and last (multiple) infusion. After a wash out period of 3 months, the animals were again assigned to one of the three treatment conditions described above and the infusion/scan protocol was repeated. During the infusions, cardiovascular parameters were evaluated every ten minutes. A one-way repeated measure ANOVA was set up to assess perfusion index for each ketamine dose for the left frontal cortex (alpha = 0.05). The remaining 11 brain regions were post hoc assessed. Perfusion index was significantly increased in the left frontal cortex and in the thalamus 24 hours after single and multiple ketamine infusions compared to baseline in the 2 mg/kg condition. No clinically relevant cardiovascular effects were observed during the ketamine infusions. This study shows that subanaesthetic ketamine can increase neuronal perfusion and therefore alter neuronal function in brain regions involved in depression and anxiety disorders. These perfusion increases may possibly contribute to ketamine's beneficial effects in these psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Vlerick
- Department of Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Kurt Audenaert
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
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20
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Favril S, Stock E, Hernot S, Hesta M, Polis I, Vanderperren K, de Rooster H. Sentinel lymph node mapping by near-infrared fluorescence imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in healthy dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 17:89-98. [PMID: 30311430 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is a valuable and crucial diagnostic procedure in staging malignancies. We compared two non-invasive techniques, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), to identify the SLNs in three superficial anatomical regions in an animal model. Six healthy laboratory dogs were included in a proof-of-concept trial. A NIR fluorescent dye (Indocyanine Green) and microbubbles (Sonovue) were consecutively injected subdermally in the Inguinal, axillary and popliteal region to map the SLNs. Transcutaneous NIR fluorescence imaging identified SLNs in 17 out of a total of 18 occasions. CEUS identified SLNs in all regions (18/18). Whereas NIR fluorescence imaging performed better in the visualization of the afferent lymphatic tract, CEUS demonstrated different filling patterns of the SLNs, a feature potentially critical for the concept of SLN mapping in cancer patients. Both NIR fluorescence imaging and CEUS are safe, non-invasive, practical and accurate methods to perform real-time transcutaneous SLN mapping with potential in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Favril
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmelie Stock
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory in vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI-BEFY/MIMA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Myriam Hesta
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vanderperren
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hilde de Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Dries B, Vanwanseele B, Jonkers I, Dingemanse W, Vander Sloten J, Villamonte‐Chevalier A, Van der Vekens E, Polis I, Vanderperren K, Van Bree H, Gielen I. Musculotendon excursion potential, tendon slack and muscle fibre length: the interaction of the canine gastrocnemius muscle and tendon. J Anat 2018; 233:460-467. [PMID: 29984496 PMCID: PMC6131973 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the form-function relation of muscles and tendons has been studied extensively, little in vivo data exist on the musculotendon properties of the gastrocnemius complex in dogs. Using a combination of ultrasound and 3D motion tracking, musculotendon parameters were obtained in vivo from the lateral gastrocnemius muscle and the gastrocnemius tendon in nine healthy Labrador Retrievers. These parameters include musculotendon length and excursion potential, tendon slack length, muscle belly length, muscle fibre length, pennation angle and architectural index. This study also examined the variation of muscle and tendon length contributions to musculotendon length, as well as the relation between musculotendon excursion potential and muscle fibre length or tendon length. To facilitate comparison between dog breeds, the femur length as a potential scaling parameter was examined. In the Labrador gastrocnemius musculotendon complex, the tendon contributes 41% (± 9%) of musculotendon length. In longer musculotendon complexes, the contribution of the muscle belly increases while the tendon contribution decreases. Longer muscle belly and musculotendon complexes were, however, associated with shorter muscle fibres. No significant relations were found between musculotendon excursion potential and muscle fibre length or tendon slack length, and femur length did not prove to be a reliable scale factor for the length-related musculotendon parameters examined in this study. Longer musculotendon complexes exhibit relatively longer muscle bellies, which are in turn associated with shorter muscle fibre lengths. This trade-off between gastrocnemius muscle belly length and muscle fibre length might have the advantage that muscle volume stays constant regardless of the length of the limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Dries
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - B. Vanwanseele
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research GroupFaculty of Movement and Rehabilitation SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - I. Jonkers
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research GroupFaculty of Movement and Rehabilitation SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - W. Dingemanse
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - J. Vander Sloten
- Biomechanics SectionFaculty of Engineering ScienceKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - A. Villamonte‐Chevalier
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - E. Van der Vekens
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - I. Polis
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - K. Vanderperren
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - H. Van Bree
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - I. Gielen
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
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22
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Vezzoni A, Houdellier B, Bogaerts E, Stock E, Polis I, Deforce D, Saunders J, Broeckx B, Bertal M. Intra- and Inter-observer Variability of Measurements of the Laxity Index on Stress Radiographs Performed with the Vezzoni-Modified Badertscher Hip Distension Device. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018; 31:246-251. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1656720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To describe and evaluate the accuracy, intra- and inter-observer variability of the laxity index (LI), used to quantify hip laxity on stress radiographs obtained with the Vezzoni-modified Badertscher distension device (VMBDD).
Methods Stress radiographs of 10 dogs obtained with the VMBDD were measured three times by an experienced observer. Six participants with different backgrounds (two ECVDI residents, two PhD students, two veterinary assistants) followed a short presentation and performed subsequently the measurements four times in two separate sessions. The effect of self-learning, feedback and specialization on the accuracy of the measurements was assessed.
Results While the intra- and inter-observer variability were in agreement with other studies, the results of the experienced observer indicated that the variability can be very low. Neither feedback nor self-learning improved the results. A high degree of experience in radiographic assessment was not necessary to perform the measurements correctly.
Clinical Significance As the LI measurements were acceptable after a short presentation, they support the use of VMBDD for a complete and correct in-house evaluation of the hip joint by trained clinicians. However, we propose that, in the context of screening, measurements should be performed by a limited number of experienced examiners, to limit the impact of the inter-observer variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blandine Houdellier
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelien Bogaerts
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Emmelie Stock
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart Broeckx
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mileva Bertal
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Go ML, Vallarino N, Devriendt N, Van Goethem B, Polis I, Stock E, De Rooster H. Closed incision management with negative pressure wound therapy after forelimb amputation in a dog. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2018. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v87i1.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A four-year-old male castrated German shepherd dog was presented with severe left front leg lameness due to a fibrosarcoma lateral to the elbow. The ill-defined mass was not amendable to wide local excision and a curative-intent limb amputation was performed. Immediately postoperatively, closed incision management with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was applied to minimize the risk of postoperative complications. The incision line was covered with a PrevenaTM dressing attached to a NPWT pump set at a continuous negative pressure of -125 mmHg. The dressing was removed 72 hours later. No wound complications were evident and further healing was unremarkable.
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Dockx R, Baeken C, Duprat R, De Vos F, Saunders JH, Polis I, Audenaert K, Peremans K. Changes in canine cerebral perfusion after accelerated high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS): A proof of concept study. Vet J 2018; 234:66-71. [PMID: 29680396 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a treatment for several neuropsychiatric disorders in human beings, but the neurobiological effects of rTMS in dogs have not been investigated to date. A proof of concept study was designed to evaluate the effect of rTMS on cerebral perfusion, measured with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), in dogs. An accelerated high frequency (aHF)-rTMS (20Hz) protocol was applied to the canine left frontal cortex. To accurately target this area, eight dogs underwent a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan before stimulation. The left frontal cortex was subjected to five consecutive aHF-rTMS sessions with a figure-of-eight coil designed for human beings at an intensity of 110% of the motor threshold. The dogs underwent 99mTc-d,1 hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) SPECT scans 1 week prior to and 1day after the stimulations. Perfusion indices (PIs) were determined semi-quantitatively; aHF-rTMS resulted in significantly increased PIs in the left frontal cortex and the subcortical region, whereas no significant differences were noted for the other regions. Behaviour was not influenced by the stimulation sessions. As has been observed in human beings, aHF-rTMS applied to the left frontal cortex alters regional cerebral perfusion in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dockx
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - C Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Duprat
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - F De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J H Saunders
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Polis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - K Audenaert
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Stock E, Duchateau L, Saunders JH, Volckaert V, Polis I, Vanderperren K. Repeatability of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography of the Kidneys in Healthy Cats. Ultrasound Med Biol 2018; 44:426-433. [PMID: 29174044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can be used to image and quantify tissue perfusion. It holds great potential for the use in the diagnosis of various diffuse renal diseases in both human and veterinary medicine. Nevertheless, the technique is known to have an inherent relatively high variability, related to various factors associated with the patient, the contrast agent and machine settings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess week-to-week intra- and inter-cat variation of several perfusion parameters obtained with CEUS of both kidneys of 12 healthy cats. Repeatability was determined by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV). The contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters with the lowest variation for the renal cortex were time-to-peak (CV 6.0%), rise time (CV 13%), fall time (CV 19%) and mean transit time (24%). Intensity-related parameters and parameters related to the slope of the time-intensity curve had a CV of >35%. Lower repeatability was present for perfusion parameters derived from the renal medulla compared with the renal cortex. Normalization to the inter-lobar artery does not cause a reduction in variation. In conclusion, time-related parameters for the cortex show a reasonable repeatability; whereas poor repeatability is present for intensity-related parameters and parameters related to in- and outflow of contrast agent. Poor repeatability is also present for all perfusion parameters for the renal medulla, except for time to peak, which has a good repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmelie Stock
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jimmy H Saunders
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Veerle Volckaert
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vanderperren
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Goessens T, Van Goethem B, De Rooster H, Van Der Vekens E, Polis I, Van Soom A, Wydooghe E. Het bepalen van het optimale tijdstip voor keizersnede bij de hond in functie van de voorspelde partusdatum. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2017. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v86i6.16162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Het optimale tijdstip bepalen voor de keizersnede bij de hond kan een uitdaging betekenen voor de praktijkdierenarts. Er moet rekening gehouden worden met de berekende partusdatum, het al dan niet op gang zijn van de partus en het al dan niet aanwezig zijn van dystocie. Sommige teven hebben een verlengde dracht, bij andere start de partus te vroeg. In beide gevallen is de kans op overleving van de pups zeer laag. Ook wanneer er bij dystocie te lang gewacht wordt om een keizersnede uit te voeren, komt de overleving van de pups in het gedrang. Het is daarom van groot belang de juiste partusdatum bij elke individuele hond te kunnen voorspellen, zeker bij risicopatiënten. De partusdatum kan berekend worden door het begin van de metoestrus te bepalen via vaginale cytologie of door embryonale en foetale structuren te meten via echografie. De meest accurate methode is echter door middel van cyclusopvolging met progesteronmeting.
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Denies S, Cicchelero L, Polis I, Sanders NN. Immunogenicity and safety of xenogeneic vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 DNA vaccination in mice and dogs. Oncotarget 2017; 7:10905-16. [PMID: 26871296 PMCID: PMC4905448 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) is an attractive target in oncology due to its crucial role in angiogenesis. In this study a DNA vaccine coding for human VEGFR-2 was evaluated in healthy mice and dogs, administered by intradermal injection and electroporation. In mice, three doses and vaccination schedules were evaluated. Cellular immune responses were measured by intracellular IFN-gamma staining and a cytotoxicity assay and antibodies by ELISA. Safety was assessed by measuring regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells and a wound healing assay. The vaccine was subsequently evaluated in dogs, which were vaccinated three times with 100μg. Cellular immune responses were measured by intracellular IFN-gamma staining and antibodies by a flow cytometric assay. In mice, maximal cellular responses were observed after two vaccinations with 5μg. Humoral responses continued to increase with higher dose and number of vaccinations. No abnormalities in the measured safety parameters were observed. The vaccine was also capable of eliciting a cellular and humoral immune response in dogs. No adverse effects were observed, but tolerability of the electroporation was poor. This study will facilitate the evaluation of the vaccine in tumor bearing animals, ranging from rodent models to dogs with spontaneous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Denies
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Cicchelero
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small Animal Hospital, Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Or M, Devriendt N, Kitshoff AM, Peremans K, Vandermeulen E, Paepe D, Polis I, Martlé V, de Rooster H. Ammonia concentrations in arterial blood, venous blood, and cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with and without congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:1313-1318. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.11.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dehuisser V, Bosmans T, Kitshoff A, Duchateau L, de Rooster H, Polis I. Cardiovascular effects, induction and recovery characteristics and alfaxalone dose assessment in alfaxalone versus alfaxalone-fentanyl total intravenous anaesthesia in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 44:1276-1286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dockx R, Peremans K, Vlerick L, Van Laeken N, Saunders JH, Polis I, De Vos F, Baeken C. Anaesthesia, not number of sessions, influences the magnitude and duration of an aHF-rTMS in dogs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185362. [PMID: 28937993 PMCID: PMC5609759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the rat has been a useful animal model in brain stimulation research. Nevertheless, extrapolating results from rodent repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) research to humans contains several hurdles. This suggests the desperate need for a large animal model in translational rTMS research. The dog would be a valid choice, not only due to the fact that humans and dogs share a neurophysiological background, but a similar neuropathological background as well. Hypothesis In order to evaluate the feasibility of the canine rTMS animal model, this study aimed to evaluate the neurophysiological response in dogs on a, clinically used, accelerated high frequency (aHF) rTMS protocol. This aHF-rTMS (20 Hz) protocol was performed under anaesthesia or sedation and either 20 sessions or 5 sessions were given to each dog. Methods 21 healthy dogs were randomly subjected to one of the four aHF-rTMS protocols (1 sham and 3 active protocols). For each dog, the perfusion indices (PI), of a [99mTc]HMPAO scan at 4 time points, for the left frontal cortex (stimulation target) were calculated for each protocol. Results Concerning sham stimulation, the average PI remained at the baseline level. The main result was the presence of a direct transitory increase in rCBF at the stimulation site, both under anaesthesia and sedation. Nevertheless the measured increase in rCBF was higher but shorter duration under sedation. The magnitude of this increase was not influenced by number of sessions. No changes in rCBF were found in remote brain regions. Conclusion This study shows that, despite the influence of anaesthesia and sedation, comparable and clinically relevant effects on the rCBF can be obtained in dogs. Since less methodological hurdles have to be overcome and comparable results can be obtained, it would be acceptable to put the dog forward as an alternative translational rTMS animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robrecht Dockx
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary medical imaging and small animal orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Lise Vlerick
- Department of Veterinary medical imaging and small animal orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Nick Van Laeken
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Begium
| | - Jimmy H. Saunders
- Department of Veterinary medical imaging and small animal orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Begium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
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Dockx R, Peremans K, Duprat R, Vlerick L, Van Laeken N, Saunders JH, Polis I, De Vos F, Baeken C. Accurate external localization of the left frontal cortex in dogs by using pointer based frameless neuronavigation. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3425. [PMID: 28713649 PMCID: PMC5507169 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, non-stereotactic frameless neuronavigation systems are used as a topographical tool for non-invasive brain stimulation methods such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). TMS studies in dogs may provide treatment modalities for several neuropsychological disorders in dogs. Nevertheless, an accurate non-invasive localization of a stimulation target has not yet been performed in this species. HYPOTHESIS This study was primarily put forward to externally locate the left frontal cortex in 18 healthy dogs by means of a human non-stereotactic neuronavigation system. Secondly, the accuracy of the external localization was assessed. ANIMALS A total of 18 healthy dogs, drawn at random from the research colony present at the faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Ghent University), were used. METHODS Two sets of coordinates (X, Y, Z and X″, Y″, Z″) were compared on each dog their tomographical dataset. RESULTS The non-stereotactic neuronavigation system was able to externally locate the frontal cortex in dogs with accuracy comparable with human studies. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This result indicates that a non-stereotactic neuronavigation system can accurately externally locate the left frontal cortex and paves the way to use guided non-invasive brain stimulation methods as an alternative treatment procedure for neurological and behavioral disorders in dogs. This technique could, in analogy with human guided non-invasive brain stimulation, provide a better treatment outcome for dogs suffering from anxiety disorders when compared to its non-guided alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robrecht Dockx
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Romain Duprat
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Lise Vlerick
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Nick Van Laeken
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jimmy H Saunders
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium
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Taylor O, Van Laeken N, Polis I, Dockx R, Vlerick L, Dobbeleir A, Goethals I, Saunders J, Sadones N, Baeken C, De Vos F, Peremans K. Estimation of the optimal dosing regimen of escitalopram in dogs: A dose occupancy study with [11C]DASB. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28644875 PMCID: PMC5482480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the favourable characteristics of escitalopram as being the most selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and having an increased therapeutic efficacy via binding on an additional allosteric binding site of the serotonin transporter, its dosing regimen has not yet been optimized for its use in dogs. This study aimed to estimate the optimal dosing frequency and the required dose for achieving 80% occupancy of the serotonin transporters in the basal ganglia. The dosing frequency was investigated by determining the elimination half-life after a four day oral pre-treatment period with 0.83 mg/kg escitalopram (3 administrations/day) and a subsequent i.v. injection 0.83 mg/kg. Blood samples were taken up to 12 hours after i.v. injection and the concentration of escitalopram in plasma was analysed via LC-MSMS. The dose-occupancy relationship was then determined by performing two PET scans in five adult beagles: a baseline PET scan and a second scan after steady state conditions were achieved following oral treatment with a specific dose of escitalopram ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg/day. As the elimination half-life was determined to be 6.7 hours a dosing frequency of three administrations a day was proposed for the second part of the study. Further it was opted for a treatment period of four days, which well exceeded the minimum period to achieve steady state conditions. The optimal dosing regimen to achieve 80% occupancy in the basal ganglia and elicit a therapeutic effect, was calculated to be 1.85 mg/kg/day, divided over three administrations. Under several circumstances, such as insufficient response to other SSRIs, concurrent drug intake or in research studies focused on SERT, the use of escitalopram can be preferred over the use of the already for veterinary use registered fluoxetine, however, in case of long-term treatment with escitalopram, regularly cardiac screening is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nick Van Laeken
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lise Vlerick
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre Dobbeleir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Sadones
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Deflandre M, Bosmans T, Devriendt N, De Rooster H, Van Caelenberg A, Gielen I, Polis I. Alfaxalone TIVA bij de chirurgische excisie van een tracheaal adenocarcinoma bij een kat. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2017. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v86i2.16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Een tien jaar oude, vrouwelijke, Europese korthaar werd aangeboden met klachten van progressief verergerende dyspnee, ademen met open muil en inspiratoire en expiratoire stridor. Met behulp van tracheoscopie met bioptname kon de histopathologische diagnose van een intraluminaal tracheaal adenocarcinoma gesteld worden. Computertomografie (CT) toonde aan dat er geen metastasen waren, waarna tijdens dezelfde anesthesie werd overgegaan tot excisie van de tumor. Omwille van de moeilijke hanteerbaarheid van de patiënt was intraveneuze premedicatie niet mogelijk en gebeurde de inductie van de anesthesie aan de hand van een intramusculaire injectie met alfaxalone. De anesthesie werd verder onderhouden met twee verschillende protocollen: initieel werd gebruik gemaakt van een inhalatieanesthesie -protocol, waarbij isofluraan via een laryngeaal masker werd verdampt in 100% zuurstof via een cirkelsysteem, waarna er werd overgeschakeld naar totale intraveneuze anesthesie (TIVA) met alfaxalone tijdens de eigenlijke excisie van de tumor. Door het verwijderen van zeven trachearingen kon de tumor volledig verwijderd worden.
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Blonk M, Van de Maele I, Combes A, Stablay B, De Cock H, Polis I, Rybachuk G, de Rooster H. Congenital lobar emphysema in a kitten. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 58:659-663. [PMID: 28370059 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A five-month-old ragdoll cat presented with severe respiratory signs, unresponsive to medical therapy. Hyperinflation of the right middle lung lobe was diagnosed with radiography and computed tomography. Lung lobectomy following a median sternotomy led to full recovery. Histopathological analysis revealed lobar emphysema and, based on the animal's age, congenital lobar emphysema was considered the most likely diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blonk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Van de Maele
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Combes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B Stablay
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - H De Cock
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Polis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - G Rybachuk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - H de Rooster
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Martlé V, Van Ham LML, Boon P, Caemaert J, Tshamala M, Vonck K, Raedt R, Polis I, Bhatti S. Vagus Nerve Stimulator Placement in Dogs: Surgical Implantation Technique, Complications, Long-Term Follow-Up, and Practical Considerations. Vet Surg 2016; 45:71-8. [PMID: 26731597 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe a modified implantation procedure of a vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) device in dogs and to report short- and long-term complications. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive, experimental study. ANIMALS Healthy, adult Beagle dogs (n = 10). METHODS A VNS Therapy(®) System was implanted in the left cervical region of anesthetized dogs. During and within 48 hours after surgery, electrocardiography (ECG) and impedance testing of the system were performed. Dogs were monitored daily and the impedance of the system was determined regularly until VNS devices were surgically removed 3 years after implantation. RESULTS The implantation procedure was successful in all dogs without intraoperative complications. ECG monitoring and impedance tests were within normal limits during and within 48 hours after surgery. Postoperative seroma formation was common (70%). One dog developed an irreversible Horner's syndrome leading to removal of the device 5 months after implantation. Another dog developed trauma-induced damage of the lead requiring surgical revision. The device could be safely removed in all dogs; however, electrodes were left in place to avoid nerve damage. At removal, the anchor tether was dislodged in 40% of dogs and the lead was twisted in 50% of dogs. CONCLUSION Implantation of a VNS Therapy(®) System is safe and feasible in dogs; however, seroma formation, twisting of the lead, and dislodgement of the anchor tether were common. Practical improvements in the technique include stable device placement, use of a compression bandage, and exercise restriction. Regular evaluation of lead impedance is important, as altered values can indicate serious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Martlé
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc M L Van Ham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Paul Boon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neurology
| | - Jacques Caemaert
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mulenda Tshamala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristl Vonck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neurology
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neurology
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie Bhatti
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Lippens S, Furcas A, Or M, Van Goethem B, Polis I, De Rooster H. Behandeling van een chronische huidwonde bij een hond via negatieve druktherapie. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2016. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v85i4.16330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Een vier jaar en acht maanden oude whippet werd aangeboden met een chronische huidwonde ter hoogte van het mediale aspect van de rechterelleboog. Wegens de chroniciteit van de wonde werd het wondbed eerst zorgvuldig gedebrideerd en nadien behandeld met negatieve druktherapie. Deze relatief nieuwe techniek in de diergeneeskunde biedt allerlei voordelen die het genezingsproces van een chronische wonde ten goede komen. In de huidige casus leidde de negatieve druktherapie in eerste instantie tot de snelle ontwikkeling van een mooi granulatiebed. Om een optimaal eindresultaat te bekomen werd daaropvolgend gebruik gemaakt van een autologe huidtransplantatie (“full-thickness mesh graft”), die eveneens onder negatieve druktherapie werd geplaatst. Dit zorgde, ondanks de lastige lokalisatie van de wonde, voor een snelle aanhechting en optimale overleving van de huidgreffe. Na amper vier weken was de wonde nagenoeg volledig geheeld, terwijl ze eerder, ondanks allerlei behandelingen, gedurende meer dan twee maanden geen genezing vertoonde.
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Royaux E, Polis I, Boyen F, Van Ham L, de Rooster H. No evidence that medicinal honey reduces bacterial skin colonisation at a peripheral catheter insertion site in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:374-8. [PMID: 27385624 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether topical exit-site application of medicinal honey at the catheter insertion place reduces bacterial skin colonisation. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Dogs were selected at random and divided into the honey or the control group. When the catheter was removed, an area of approximately 3×3 cm of the skin at the insertion site was sampled with a sterile cotton swab. The catheter stayed in place for a median of 84 hours. Out of 46 patients, 6 patients in the honey group and 5 out of 54 patients in the control group had a positive skin culture at the time of catheter removal (P=0·547). Infection was clinically suspected in 1 of those 11 dogs; catheter-associated complications were observed in 8 additional dogs that did not have a positive skin culture. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Few catheter-associated complications were observed. Extra attention to hygiene by working with a standardised catheter placement and handling protocol might have resulted in this low incidence. In this study topical application of a medicinal honey did not reduce bacterial skin colonisation at the insertion site of peripheral catheters in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Royaux
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Ghent University, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 33, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - I Polis
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Ghent University, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 33, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - F Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 33, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - L Van Ham
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Ghent University, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 33, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - H de Rooster
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Ghent University, St. Pietersnieuwstraat 33, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Cerasoli I, Polis I, Schauvliege S, Van der Vekens E, Bosmans T. Cat: The importance of a correct management and basic anaesthetic monitoring in a tension pneumothorax and tracheal foreign body. Vet Record Case Reports 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cerasoli
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Stijn Schauvliege
- Department of Surgery and AnaesthesiologyGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Elke Van der Vekens
- Department of Veterinary medical imaging and small animal orthopaedicsUniversiteit Gent Faculteit DiergeneeskundeMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Tim Bosmans
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small AnimalsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
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Denies S, Cicchelero L, de Rooster H, Daminet S, Polis I, Van de Maele I, Sanders NN. Immunological and angiogenic markers during metronomic temozolomide and cyclophosphamide in canine cancer patients. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:594-605. [PMID: 26961119 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy stimulates the immune response via depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppresses angiogenesis by modulating the secretion of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this study, blood was collected from 10 healthy dogs and from 30 canine cancer patients before and 2 and 4 weeks after treatment with metronomic temozolomide (6.6 mg m-2 ), cyclophosphamide (12.5 mg m-2 ) or cyclophosphamide and temozolomide. The percentage of circulating CD25+ Foxp3+ CD4+ Tregs and the plasma levels of TSP-1 and VEGF were measured. There was a significant difference in the percentage of Tregs between cancer patients and healthy dogs. A significant decrease in Tregs was noted in patients treated with metronomic cyclophosphamide and the combination. Treatment with temozolomide had no effect on the percentage of Tregs. TSP-1 and VEGF levels were, respectively, significantly lower and higher in cancer patients than in healthy dogs, but they were not influenced by any of the studied metronomic treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Denies
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - L Cicchelero
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - H de Rooster
- Small Animal Hospital, Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Daminet
- Small Animal Hospital, Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Polis
- Small Animal Hospital, Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Van de Maele
- Small Animal Hospital, Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - N N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Lippens S, Van Goethem B, Gielen I, Polis I, De Rooster H. Cosmetische rostrale neusreconstructie na plaveiselcelcarcinoomresectie bij twee honden. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2016. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v85i1.16404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Twee mannelijke golden retrievers van ongeveer tien jaar oud werden aangeboden met een zichtbare massa in de neus, niesden en vertoonden epistaxis. Uit histologisch onderzoek na bioptname bleek dat het bij beide honden om een plaveiselcelcarcinoom ging. Bij verdere stagering waren er geen aanwijzingen voor metastasen. Chirurgische wegname van de tumor door middel van een planectomie of nosectomie werd voorgesteld. Omdat de klassieke excisie van de neusspiegel voor deze eigenaars cosmetisch onaanvaardbaar was, werd bij beide honden gekozen voor een rostrale neusreconstructie. Bij de eerste hond bevond de tumor zich aan de oppervlakte, waardoor resectie van het kraakbenig deel van de neus voldoende was en een planectomie werd uitgevoerd. Bij de tweede hond daarentegen was er tevens botaantasting, waardoor niet alleen de neus, maar ook het os incisiva werd verwijderd (nosectomie). Bij beide honden werd een remissie van de tumor verkregen na een follow-up van respectievelijk 35 en 29 maanden, met tegelijkertijd een uitstekend cosmetisch resultaat.
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Van Laeken N, Taylor O, Polis I, Neyt S, Kersemans K, Dobbeleir A, Saunders J, Goethals I, Peremans K, De Vos F. In Vivo Evaluation of Blood Based and Reference Tissue Based PET Quantifications of [11C]DASB in the Canine Brain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148943. [PMID: 26859850 PMCID: PMC4747581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This first-in-dog study evaluates the use of the PET-radioligand [11C]DASB to image the density and availability of the serotonin transporter (SERT) in the canine brain. Imaging the serotonergic system could improve diagnosis and therapy of multiple canine behavioural disorders. Furthermore, as many similarities are reported between several human neuropsychiatric conditions and naturally occurring canine behavioural disorders, making this tracer available for use in dogs also provide researchers an interesting non-primate animal model to investigate human disorders. Five adult beagles underwent a 90 minutes dynamic PET scan and arterial whole blood was sampled throughout the scan. For each ROI, the distribution volume (VT), obtained via the one- and two- tissue compartment model (1-TC, 2-TC) and the Logan Plot, was calculated and the goodness-of-fit was evaluated by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). For the preferred compartmental model BPND values were estimated and compared with those derived by four reference tissue models: 4-parameter RTM, SRTM2, MRTM2 and the Logan reference tissue model. The 2-TC model indicated in 61% of the ROIs a better fit compared to the 1-TC model. The Logan plot produced almost identical VT values and can be used as an alternative. Compared with the 2-TC model, all investigated reference tissue models showed high correlations but small underestimations of the BPND-parameter. The highest correlation was achieved with the Logan reference tissue model (Y = 0.9266 x + 0.0257; R2 = 0.9722). Therefore, this model can be put forward as a non-invasive standard model for future PET-experiments with [11C]DASB in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Van Laeken
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Olivia Taylor
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Neyt
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ken Kersemans
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre Dobbeleir
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Taylor O, Van Laeken N, De Vos F, Polis I, Bosmans T, Goethals I, Achten R, Dobbeleir A, Vandermeulen E, Baeken C, Saunders J, Peremans K. In vivo quantification of the [(11)C]DASB binding in the normal canine brain using positron emission tomography. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:308. [PMID: 26704517 PMCID: PMC4690221 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background [11C]-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile ([11C]DASB) is currently the mostly used radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) quantitative studies of the serotonin transporter (SERT) in the human brain but has never been validated in dogs. The first objective was therefore to evaluate normal [11C]DASB distribution in different brain regions of healthy dogs using PET. The second objective was to provide less invasive and more convenient alternative methods to the arterial sampling-based kinetic analysis. Results A dynamic acquisition of the brain was performed during 90 min. The PET images were coregistered with the magnetic resonance images taken prior to the study in order to manually drawn 20 regions of interest (ROIs). The highest radioactivity concentration of [11C]DASB was observed in the hypothalamus, raphe nuclei and thalamus and lowest levels in the parietal cortex, occipital cortex and cerebellum. The regional radioactivity in those 20 ROIs was quantified using the multilinear reference tissue model 2 (MRTM2) and a semi-quantitative method. The values showed least variability between 40 and 60 min and this time interval was set as the optimal time interval for [11C]DASB quantification in the canine brain. The correlation (R2) between the MRTM2 and the semi-quantitative method using the data between 40 and 60 min was 99.3 % (two-tailed p-value < 0.01). Conclusions The reference tissue models and semi-quantitative method provide a more convenient alternative to invasive arterial sampling models in the evaluation of the SERT of the normal canine brain. The optimal time interval for static scanning is set at 40 to 60 min after tracer injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Taylor
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Nick Van Laeken
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Tim Bosmans
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Rik Achten
- Department of Radiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Andre Dobbeleir
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Eva Vandermeulen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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De Luca MA, Bimpisidis Z, Melis M, Marti M, Caboni P, Valentini V, Margiani G, Pintori N, Polis I, Marsicano G, Parsons LH, Di Chiara G. Stimulation of in vivo dopamine transmission and intravenous self-administration in rats and mice by JWH-018, a Spice cannabinoid. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:705-14. [PMID: 26327678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic cannabinoid 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)-indole (JWH-018) has been detected in about 140 samples of a smokable herbal mixture termed "Spice". JWH-018 is a CB1 and CB2 agonist with a higher affinity than Δ9-THC. In order to investigate the neurobiological substrates of JWH-018 actions, we studied by microdialysis in freely moving rats the effect of JWH-018 on extracellular dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and core and in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). JWH-018, at the dose of 0.25 mg/kg i.p., increased DA release in the NAc shell but not in the NAc core and mPFC. Lower (0.125 mg/kg) and higher doses (0.50 mg/kg) were ineffective. These effects were blocked by CB1 receptor antagonists (SR-141716A and AM 251) and were absent in mice lacking the CB1 receptor. Ex vivo whole cell patch clamp recordings from rat ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons showed that JWH-018 decreases GABAA-mediated post-synaptic currents in a dose-dependent fashion suggesting that the stimulation of DA release observed in vivo might result from disinhibition of DA neurons. In addition, on the "tetrad" paradigm for screening cannabinoid-like effects (i.e., hypothermia, analgesia, catalepsy, hypomotility), JWH-018, at doses of 1 and 3 mg/kg i.p., produced CB1 receptor-dependent behavioural effects in rats. Finally, under appropriate experimental conditions, rats (20 μg/kg/inf i.v., FR3; nose-poking) and mice (30 μg/kg/inf i.v., FR1; lever-pressing) self-administer intravenously JWH-018. In conclusion, JWH-018 shares with the active ingredient of Marijuana, Δ9-THC, CB1-dependent reinforcing and DA stimulant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A De Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; INN, National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy.
| | - Z Bimpisidis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Marti
- INN, National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - P Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - V Valentini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; INN, National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; Centre of Excellence "Neurobiology of Addiction", Italy
| | - G Margiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - N Pintori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - I Polis
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G Marsicano
- Neurocentre Magendie, University of Bordeaux, France
| | - L H Parsons
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G Di Chiara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; INN, National Institute of Neuroscience, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari Section, Italy; Centre of Excellence "Neurobiology of Addiction", Italy
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Stalmans S, Bracke N, Wynendaele E, Gevaert B, Peremans K, Burvenich C, Polis I, De Spiegeleer B. Cell-Penetrating Peptides Selectively Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier In Vivo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139652. [PMID: 26465925 PMCID: PMC4605843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a group of peptides, which have the ability to cross cell membrane bilayers. CPPs themselves can exert biological activity and can be formed endogenously. Fragmentary studies demonstrate their ability to enhance transport of different cargoes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, comparative, quantitative data on the BBB permeability of different CPPs are currently lacking. Therefore, the in vivo BBB transport characteristics of five chemically diverse CPPs, i.e. pVEC, SynB3, Tat 47-57, transportan 10 (TP10) and TP10-2, were determined. The results of the multiple time regression (MTR) analysis revealed that CPPs show divergent BBB influx properties: Tat 47-57, SynB3, and especially pVEC showed very high unidirectional influx rates of 4.73 μl/(g × min), 5.63 μl/(g × min) and 6.02 μl/(g × min), respectively, while the transportan analogs showed a negligible to low brain influx. Using capillary depletion, it was found that 80% of the influxed peptides effectively reached the brain parenchyma. Except for pVEC, all peptides showed a significant efflux out of the brain. Co-injection of pVEC with radioiodinated bovine serum albumin (BSA) did not enhance the brain influx of radiodionated BSA, indicating that pVEC does not itself significantly alter the BBB properties. A saturable mechanism could not be demonstrated by co-injecting an excess dose of non-radiolabeled CPP. No significant regional differences in brain influx were observed, with the exception for pVEC, for which the regional variations were only marginal. The observed BBB influx transport properties cannot be correlated with their cell-penetrating ability, and therefore, good CPP properties do not imply efficient brain influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Stalmans
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Bracke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Gevaert
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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De Rycke L, van Bree H, Van Caelenberg A, Polis I, Duchateau L, Gielen I. Epinephrine-enhanced computed tomographic arthrography of the canine shoulder. Res Vet Sci 2015; 102:15-21. [PMID: 26412512 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of epinephrine-enhanced computed tomographic arthrography (CTA) on the image sharpness of the lateral and medial glenohumeral ligaments (LGHL and MGHL, respectively), biceps tendon (BT) and joint cartilage (JC) in the canine shoulder. The shoulders of eight normal dogs were examined using a 4-slice helical CT scanner. The right shoulders were injected with Iohexol and the left shoulders with a mixture of Iohexol and epinephrine. CTA images were obtained after 1, 3, 5, 9, 13, 20 and 30 min and the image sharpness of the intra-articular structures in both shoulders was graded for visibility. The attenuation values were measured to examine the persistence of contrast appearance. Admixture of epinephrine and Iohexol significantly improved the image sharpness of the LGHL and the BT, especially on delayed CTA images. The use of epinephrine did not negatively affect post-CTA recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve De Rycke
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Henri van Bree
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annemie Van Caelenberg
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Gielen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Kromhout K, van Bree H, Broeckx B, Bhatti S, De Decker S, Polis I, Gielen I. Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Multislice Computed Tomography for the Detection of Cervical Syringomyelia in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1354-9. [PMID: 26249824 PMCID: PMC4858036 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syringomyelia (SM) is defined as the presence of fluid-containing cavities within the parenchyma of the spinal cord. Sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) images have been described as the preferred technique for visualizing SM in dogs and humans. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether computed tomography (CT) can be used to diagnose SM. ANIMALS Thirty-two client-owned dogs referred for investigation of the cervical spine on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT. METHODS Two reviewers retrospectively analyzed sagittal and transverse T1-weighted spin echo (T1WSE) MR images and CT images from each dog for the presence of SM and, if SM was present, the width (mm, syrinx width [SW]) was measured. The results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS For the presence of SM there was a moderate interobserver agreement for MR (81%, κ = 0.54) and almost perfect agreement for CT (94%, κ = 0.87). There was a moderate intramodality agreement for both observers (observer 1 81%, κ = 0.59; observer 2 81%, κ = 0.57). For measurement of SW the repeatability was the best on the midsagittal T1WSE images (95% repeatability coefficient <0.52 mm) and the reproducibility was the best on midsagittal images in both modalities (95% limits of agreement -0.55-0.45; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Both techniques can be used to detect SM. Midsagittal MR and CT images are best used for measuring SW. Computed tomography can be used as a diagnostic tool for SM when MRI is not available, but CT cannot replace MRI as the standard screening technique for the detection of SM in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel for breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kromhout
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal OrthopedicsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - H. van Bree
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal OrthopedicsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - B.J.G. Broeckx
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - S. Bhatti
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical BiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - S. De Decker
- Department of Clinical Science and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - I. Polis
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical BiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - I. Gielen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal OrthopedicsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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Kitshoff AM, Van Goethem B, Boyen F, Tas O, Polis I, De Rooster H. Clinical parameters as predictors of bacterial isolation in the uterine content of dogs suspected of pyometra. VLAAMS DIERGEN TIJDS 2015. [DOI: 10.21825/vdt.v84i4.16594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, female canines referred with clinical signs consistent with pyometra were prospectively evaluated. Signalment, clinical signs, laboratory findings and surgical findings were compared between dogs with and without bacterial isolation based on aerobic techniques. Patients with positive bacterial isolation were placed in the pyometra group, whereas patients with negative bacterial isolation were grouped as mucometra. A total of 140 dogs (118 with pyometra and 22 with mucometra) met the inclusion criteria. Prereferral antibiotic administration was associated with a prolonged duration of clinical signs in the patients of the pyometra group (12 ± 2 days versus 7 ± 1 days; P=0.006). In the pyometra patients, clinical signs, like pyrexia, anorexia and discomfort on abdominal palpation, were observed more commonly than in the mucometra group. The total leukocyte count was the only parameter that differed significantly between the two groups (P=0.01). Although no difference in color and consistency of the uterine fluid was noted, the uteri of the pyometra group were heavier (851.80 ± 800.30 g compared to 263.50 ± 297.10 g). E. coli was the most commonly isolated bacterium (92/123).
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Waelbers T, Polis I, Vermeire S, Dobbeleir A, Eersels J, De Spiegeleer B, Audenaert K, Peremans K. Effect of ketamine on the regional cerebral blood flow and binding index of the 5-HT2A receptor radioligand 123I-R91150 in the canine brain. J Vet Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Porters N, Polis I, Moons CPH, Van de Maele I, Ducatelle R, Goethals K, Duchateau L, de Rooster H. Relationship between age at gonadectomy and health problems in kittens adopted from shelters. Vet Rec 2015; 176:572. [PMID: 25820324 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Prepubertal gonadectomy (PPG) is promoted as a way of managing overpopulation in cats, but concerns about PPG and potential health issues still exist. The objective of the present study was to evaluate short-term and long-term health problems in cats subjected to PPG in comparison to gonadectomy at traditional age (TAG). In a prospective clinical trial, 800 shelter kittens aged between approximately 8 weeks and 12 weeks were recruited before adoption and randomly assigned to either the PPG group (gonadectomy performed immediately) or the TAG group (gonadectomy delayed until six months to eight months of age). Short-term health issues included mortality between when kittens arrived at the clinic and up to seven days after they returned to the shelter, as well as the occurrence of various other health issues arising in the first month following adoption. Kittens were followed-up until 24 months of age specifically for feline lower urinary tract disease, urethral obstruction (male cats), lameness, fractures and hypersensitivity disorders with dermatological presentation. In the short term, there were no significant differences between health problems in PPG and TAG kittens. Similarly, no significant differences were observed between treatment groups in terms of the type or number of health issues in the long term. In conclusion, there are no health-related contraindications to advocating PPG strategies in shelter cats. Ideally, PPG should be performed at the shelter facility itself as long as excellent infectious disease control and postoperative clinical observation before adoption are guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Porters
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Polis
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - C P H Moons
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Van de Maele
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - R Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - K Goethals
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - L Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - H de Rooster
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Verbeken M, Wynendaele E, Mauchauffée E, Bracke N, Stalmans S, Bojnik E, Benyhe S, Peremans K, Polis I, Burvenich C, Gjedde A, Hernandez JF, De Spiegeleer B. Blood-brain transfer and antinociception of linear and cyclic N-methyl-guanidine and thiourea-enkephalins. Peptides 2015; 63:10-21. [PMID: 25451468 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Enkephalins are active in regulation of nociception in the body and are key in development of new synthetic peptide analogs that target centrally located opioid receptors. In this study, we investigated the in vivo blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration behavior and antinociceptive activity of two cyclic enkephalin analogs with a thiourea (CycS) or a N-methyl-guanidine bridge (CycNMe), and their linear counterparts (LinS and LinNMe) in mice, as well as their in vitro metabolic stability. (125)I-LinS had the highest blood-brain clearance (K1=3.46μL/gmin), followed by (125)I-LinNMe, (125)I-CycNMe, and (125)I-CycS (K1=1.64, 0.31, and 0.11μL/gmin, respectively). Also, these peptides had a high metabolic stability (t1/2>1h) in mouse serum and brain homogenate, and half-inhibition constant (Ki) values in the nanomolar range with predominantly μ-opioid receptor selectivity. The positively charged NMe-enkephalins showed a higher antinociceptive activity (LinNMe: 298% and CycNMe: 205%), expressed as molar-dose normalized area under the curve (AUC) relative to morphine, than the neutral S-enkephalins (CycS: 122% and LinS: 130%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Verbeken
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Wynendaele
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elodie Mauchauffée
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR5247 CNRS, Universités Montpellier 1 and 2, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Bracke
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Stalmans
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Engin Bojnik
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry, POB 521, H-6702 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sandor Benyhe
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry, POB 521, H-6702 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Departments of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals and Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Departments of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals and Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Departments of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals and Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-François Hernandez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR5247 CNRS, Universités Montpellier 1 and 2, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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