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Baeken C, Xu Y, Wu GR, Dockx R, Peremans K, De Raedt R. Hostility in medication-resistant major depression and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder is related to increased hippocampal-amygdala 5-HT 2A receptor density. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:1369-1378. [PMID: 33904978 PMCID: PMC8429407 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are severe and difficult-to-treat psychiatric illnesses with high rates of comorbidity. Although both disorders are treated with serotonergic based psychotropic agents, little is known on the influence of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system on the occurrence of comorbid GAD when clinically depressed. To investigate this poorly understood clinical question, we examined the involvement of frontolimbic post-synaptic 5-HT2A receptors in 20 medication-resistant depressed (MRD) patients with half of them diagnosed with comorbid GAD with 123I-5-I-R91150 SPECT. To explore whether 5-HT2A receptor-binding indices (BI) associated with comorbid GAD could be related to distinct psychopathological symptoms, all were assessed with the symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). MRD patients with comorbid GAD displayed significantly higher 5-HT2A receptor BI in the hippocampal-amygdala complex, compared to MRD patients without GAD. Correlation analyses revealed that the 5-HT2A receptor BI in these areas were significantly related to the SCL-90-R subscale hostility (HOS), especially for those MRD patients with comorbid GAD. Comorbid MRD-GAD may be characterized with increased hippocampal-amygdala 5-HT2A receptor BI which could represent enhanced levels in hostility in such kinds of patients. Adapted psychotherapeutic interventions may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Baeken
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZBrussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium ,grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yanfeng Xu
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Rudi De Raedt
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Vlerick L, Devreese M, Peremans K, Dockx R, Croubels S, Duchateau L, Polis I. Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of ketamine after intranasal administration to dexmedetomidine sedated dogs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227762. [PMID: 31929589 PMCID: PMC6957157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intranasal ketamine has recently gained interest in human medicine, not only for its sedative, anaesthetic or analgesic properties, but also in the management of treatment resistant depression, where it has been shown to be an effective, fast acting alternative treatment. Since several similarities are reported between human psychiatric disorders and canine anxiety disorders, intranasal ketamine could serve as an alternative treatment for anxiety disordered dogs. However, to the authors knowledge, intranasal administration of ketamine and its pharmacokinetics have never been described in dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of intranasal ketamine administration compared with intravenous administration. Seven healthy, adult laboratory Beagle dogs were included in this randomized crossover study. The dogs received 2 mg/kg body weight ketamine intravenously (IV) or intranasally (IN), with a two-week wash-out period. Prior to ketamine administration, dogs were sedated intramuscularly with dexmedetomidine. Venous blood samples were collected at fixed times until 480 min post-administration and ketamine plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cardiovascular parameters and sedation scores were recorded at the same time points. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a rapid (Tmax = 0.25 ± 0.14 h) and complete IN bioavailability (F = 147.65 ± 49.97%). Elimination half-life was similar between both administration routes (T1/2el IV = 1.47 ± 0.24 h, T1/2el IN = 1.50 ± 0.97 h). Heart rate and sedation scores were significantly higher at 5 and 10 min following IV administration compared to IN administration, but not at the later time-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Vlerick
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Biometrics Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Pauwelyn G, Vlerick L, Dockx R, Verhoeven J, Dobbeleir A, Bosmans T, Peremans K, Vanhove C, Polis I, De Vos F. Kinetic analysis of [ 18F] altanserin bolus injection in the canine brain using PET imaging. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:415. [PMID: 31752848 PMCID: PMC6873736 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, [18F] altanserin is the most frequently used PET-radioligand for serotonin2A (5-HT2A) receptor imaging in the human brain but has never been validated in dogs. In vivo imaging of this receptor in the canine brain could improve diagnosis and therapy of several behavioural disorders in dogs. Furthermore, since dogs are considered as a valuable animal model for human psychiatric disorders, the ability to image this receptor in dogs could help to increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases. Therefore, five healthy laboratory beagles underwent a 90-min dynamic PET scan with arterial blood sampling after [18F] altanserin bolus injection. Compartmental modelling using metabolite corrected arterial input functions was compared with reference tissue modelling with the cerebellum as reference region. RESULTS The distribution of [18F] altanserin in the canine brain corresponded well to the distribution of 5-HT2A receptors in human and rodent studies. The kinetics could be best described by a 2-Tissue compartment (2-TC) model. All reference tissue models were highly correlated with the 2-TC model, indicating compartmental modelling can be replaced by reference tissue models to avoid arterial blood sampling. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that [18F] altanserin PET is a reliable tool to visualize and quantify the 5-HT2A receptor in the canine brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Pauwelyn
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lise Vlerick
- Small animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- Small animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhoeven
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre Dobbeleir
- Small animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Bosmans
- Small animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Small animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Institute Biomedical Technology - Medisip - Infinity, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Pauwelyn G, Vlerick L, Dockx R, Verhoeven J, Dobbeleir A, Peremans K, Goethals I, Bosmans T, Vanhove C, De Vos F, Polis I. PET quantification of [18F]MPPF in the canine brain using blood input and reference tissue modelling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218237. [PMID: 31185062 PMCID: PMC6559658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that the serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptor is implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Furthermore, functional imaging studies in a variety of species have demonstrated that 4-(2´-Methoxyphenyl)-1-[2´-(N-2´´-pyridinyl)-p- [18F]fluorobenzamidoethylpiperazine ([18F]MPPF) is a valid and useful PET tracer to visualize the 5HT1A receptor. However, to our knowledge, [18F]MPPF has never been demonstrated in the canine brain. The ability to image the 5HT1A receptor with PET in dogs could improve diagnosis and therapy in both canine and human behavioural and neuropsychiatric disorders. To examine the potential use of [18F]MPPF in dogs, five healthy adult laboratory beagles underwent a 60-minutes dynamic PET scan with [18F]MPPF while arterial blood samples were taken. For each region of interest, total distribution volume (VT) and corresponding binding potential (BPND) were calculated using the 1-tissue compartment model (1-TC), 2-Tissue compartment model (2-TC) and Logan plot. The preferred model was chosen based on the goodness-of-fit, calculated with the Akaike information criterium (AIC). Subsequently, the BPND values of the preferred compartment model were compared with the estimated BPND values using three reference tissue models (RTMs): the 2-step simplified reference tissue model (SRTM2), the 2-parameter multilinear reference tissue model (MRTM2) and the Logan reference tissue model. According to the lower AIC values of the 2-TC model compared to the 1-TC in all ROIs, the 2-TC model showed a better fit. Calculating BPND using reference tissue modelling demonstrated high correlation with the BPND obtained by metabolite corrected plasma input 2-TC. This first-in-dog study indicates the results of a bolus injection with [18F]MPPF in dogs are consistent with the observations presented in the literature for other animal species and humans. Furthermore, for future experiments, compartmental modelling using invasive blood sampling could be replaced by RTMs, using the cerebellum as reference region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Pauwelyn
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lise Vlerick
- Small Animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- Small Animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Andre Dobbeleir
- Small Animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Small Animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Bosmans
- Small Animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Institute Biomedical Technology–Medisip–Infinity, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small Animal Departments, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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5
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Vlerick L, Peremans K, Dockx R, Audenaert K, Baeken C, Saunders JH, Polis I. The long-term effects of single and repeated subanaesthetic ketamine administration on regional cerebral blood flow in healthy dogs measured with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 285:18-24. [PMID: 30716686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Subanaesthetic ketamine has recently been established as an effective and rapid treatment for major depressive disorder showing antidepressant effects for up to 1 week on average. The use of repeated ketamine infusions has been put forward to augment and to prolong the antidepressant response and increase the remission rates. The underlying neurobiological mechanisms responsible for ketamine's antidepressant effects remain unclear. Nevertheless, it has been shown, both in dogs and humans, that ketamine can alter neuronal perfusion and therefore neuronal function in brain regions involved in psychiatric and behavioural disorders. Consequently, the aim of the current placebo controlled study was to assess the long-term effects on cerebral perfusion of single and repeated subanaesthetic ketamine infusions in dogs. Twelve healthy, laboratory dogs were scanned at six different time points following single and repeated ketamine administration, using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography with the radiotracer 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime. We hypothesised that repeated infusions could lead to more prolonged perfusion alterations in brain regions critical for behaviour regulation. We found that repeated subanaesthetic ketamine administration did not result in more prolonged cerebral perfusion alterations compared to a single ketamine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Vlerick
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium.
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kurt Audenaert
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jimmy H Saunders
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
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6
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Dockx R, Peremans K, De Bundel D, Van Eeckhaut A, Vlerick L, Polis I, Goethals I, Dobbeleir A, Saunders J, Baeken C. Acute accelerated high frequency TMS augments homovanillic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy dogs. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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7
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Vlerick L, Peremans K, Dockx R, Audenaert K, Baeken C, De Spiegeleer B, Saunders J, Polis I. The influence of subanaesthetic ketamine on regional cerebral blood flow in healthy dogs measured with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209316. [PMID: 30562399 PMCID: PMC6298672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Subanaesthetic ketamine has recently been proven to be a highly effective and fast acting alternative treatment for several psychiatric disorders. The mechanisms responsible for ketamine's antidepressant effects remain unclear, but a possible explanation could be that ketamine interacts with regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Therefore, the effects of two subanaesthetic ketamine doses on rCBF were evaluated. Twelve dogs were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment conditions (condition saline, condition 0.5 mg/kg ketamine or condition 2 mg/kg ketamine) and received in total five saline or ketamine infusions, with one week interval. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) scans with the radiotracer 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime were performed before the start of the infusions (baseline) and 24 hours after the first (single) and last (multiple) infusion. After a wash out period of 3 months, the animals were again assigned to one of the three treatment conditions described above and the infusion/scan protocol was repeated. During the infusions, cardiovascular parameters were evaluated every ten minutes. A one-way repeated measure ANOVA was set up to assess perfusion index for each ketamine dose for the left frontal cortex (alpha = 0.05). The remaining 11 brain regions were post hoc assessed. Perfusion index was significantly increased in the left frontal cortex and in the thalamus 24 hours after single and multiple ketamine infusions compared to baseline in the 2 mg/kg condition. No clinically relevant cardiovascular effects were observed during the ketamine infusions. This study shows that subanaesthetic ketamine can increase neuronal perfusion and therefore alter neuronal function in brain regions involved in depression and anxiety disorders. These perfusion increases may possibly contribute to ketamine's beneficial effects in these psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Vlerick
- Department of Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Kurt Audenaert
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
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Van Laeken N, Pauwelyn G, Dockx R, Descamps B, Brans B, Peremans K, Baeken C, Goethals I, Vanhove C, De Vos F. Regional alterations of cerebral [18F]FDG metabolism in the chronic unpredictable mild stress- and the repeated corticosterone depression model in rats. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1381-1393. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Dockx R, Baeken C, Duprat R, De Vos F, Saunders JH, Polis I, Audenaert K, Peremans K. Changes in canine cerebral perfusion after accelerated high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS): A proof of concept study. Vet J 2018; 234:66-71. [PMID: 29680396 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proposed as a treatment for several neuropsychiatric disorders in human beings, but the neurobiological effects of rTMS in dogs have not been investigated to date. A proof of concept study was designed to evaluate the effect of rTMS on cerebral perfusion, measured with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), in dogs. An accelerated high frequency (aHF)-rTMS (20Hz) protocol was applied to the canine left frontal cortex. To accurately target this area, eight dogs underwent a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan before stimulation. The left frontal cortex was subjected to five consecutive aHF-rTMS sessions with a figure-of-eight coil designed for human beings at an intensity of 110% of the motor threshold. The dogs underwent 99mTc-d,1 hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) SPECT scans 1 week prior to and 1day after the stimulations. Perfusion indices (PIs) were determined semi-quantitatively; aHF-rTMS resulted in significantly increased PIs in the left frontal cortex and the subcortical region, whereas no significant differences were noted for the other regions. Behaviour was not influenced by the stimulation sessions. As has been observed in human beings, aHF-rTMS applied to the left frontal cortex alters regional cerebral perfusion in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dockx
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - C Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Duprat
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - F De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J H Saunders
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - I Polis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - K Audenaert
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Peremans
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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10
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Abma E, Peremans K, De Vos F, Bosmans T, Kitshoff AM, Daminet S, Ni Y, Dockx R, de Rooster H. Biodistribution and tolerance of intravenous iodine-131-labelled hypericin in healthy dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:318-323. [PMID: 29314561 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin (Hyp) is a necrosis-avid compound that can be efficiently labelled with radioiodine for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Before 131 I-Hyp can be considered as a clinically useful drug in a combination therapy for canine cancer patients, evaluation of its toxicity is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the biodistribution and tolerance of a single dose administration of 131 I-Hyp. Three healthy dogs were included. 131 I-Hyp at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg and an activity of 185 MBq was intravenously injected. The effects on physical, haematological and biochemical parameters were characterized and the biodistribution and elimination pattern, the effective half-life and dose rate were assessed. Drug-related adverse events were limited to mild gastrointestinal signs, resolving within 48 hours. No significant differences were found in blood haematology and serum biochemistry before and after treatment. Following administration, highest percentage of injected dose (%ID ± SD) was found in the liver (5.5 ± 0.33), the lungs (4.17 ± 0.14) and the heart (3.11 ± 0.78). After 24 hours, highest %ID was found in colon (4.25 ± 1.45) and liver (3.45 ± 0.60). Clearance from all organs was effective within 7 days. Effective half-life was established at 80 hours, and the dose rate fell below <20 μSv/h at 1 m within 1 day. The current study reveals that single dose treatment with 131 I-Hyp at the described dose is well tolerated by healthy dogs and supports the use of radioiodinated hypericin in a combination therapy for canine cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Abma
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Peremans
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopaedics of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - F De Vos
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - T Bosmans
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A M Kitshoff
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Daminet
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Y Ni
- Theragnostic Lab, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Dockx
- Department of Medical Imaging and Orthopaedics of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - H de Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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Volckaert V, Vandermeulen E, Stock E, Duchateau L, Daminet S, Hesta M, Saunders J, Dockx R, Peremans K. Week-to-week variation of scintigraphic (semi-)quantitative thyroid variables in 14 healthy experimental cats. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:382-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dockx R, Peremans K, Vlerick L, Van Laeken N, Saunders JH, Polis I, De Vos F, Baeken C. Anaesthesia, not number of sessions, influences the magnitude and duration of an aHF-rTMS in dogs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185362. [PMID: 28937993 PMCID: PMC5609759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the rat has been a useful animal model in brain stimulation research. Nevertheless, extrapolating results from rodent repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) research to humans contains several hurdles. This suggests the desperate need for a large animal model in translational rTMS research. The dog would be a valid choice, not only due to the fact that humans and dogs share a neurophysiological background, but a similar neuropathological background as well. Hypothesis In order to evaluate the feasibility of the canine rTMS animal model, this study aimed to evaluate the neurophysiological response in dogs on a, clinically used, accelerated high frequency (aHF) rTMS protocol. This aHF-rTMS (20 Hz) protocol was performed under anaesthesia or sedation and either 20 sessions or 5 sessions were given to each dog. Methods 21 healthy dogs were randomly subjected to one of the four aHF-rTMS protocols (1 sham and 3 active protocols). For each dog, the perfusion indices (PI), of a [99mTc]HMPAO scan at 4 time points, for the left frontal cortex (stimulation target) were calculated for each protocol. Results Concerning sham stimulation, the average PI remained at the baseline level. The main result was the presence of a direct transitory increase in rCBF at the stimulation site, both under anaesthesia and sedation. Nevertheless the measured increase in rCBF was higher but shorter duration under sedation. The magnitude of this increase was not influenced by number of sessions. No changes in rCBF were found in remote brain regions. Conclusion This study shows that, despite the influence of anaesthesia and sedation, comparable and clinically relevant effects on the rCBF can be obtained in dogs. Since less methodological hurdles have to be overcome and comparable results can be obtained, it would be acceptable to put the dog forward as an alternative translational rTMS animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robrecht Dockx
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Veterinary medical imaging and small animal orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Lise Vlerick
- Department of Veterinary medical imaging and small animal orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Nick Van Laeken
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Begium
| | - Jimmy H. Saunders
- Department of Veterinary medical imaging and small animal orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Small Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East Flanders, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Begium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium
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Dockx R, Peremans K, Duprat R, Vlerick L, Van Laeken N, Saunders JH, Polis I, De Vos F, Baeken C. Accurate external localization of the left frontal cortex in dogs by using pointer based frameless neuronavigation. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3425. [PMID: 28713649 PMCID: PMC5507169 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, non-stereotactic frameless neuronavigation systems are used as a topographical tool for non-invasive brain stimulation methods such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). TMS studies in dogs may provide treatment modalities for several neuropsychological disorders in dogs. Nevertheless, an accurate non-invasive localization of a stimulation target has not yet been performed in this species. HYPOTHESIS This study was primarily put forward to externally locate the left frontal cortex in 18 healthy dogs by means of a human non-stereotactic neuronavigation system. Secondly, the accuracy of the external localization was assessed. ANIMALS A total of 18 healthy dogs, drawn at random from the research colony present at the faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Ghent University), were used. METHODS Two sets of coordinates (X, Y, Z and X″, Y″, Z″) were compared on each dog their tomographical dataset. RESULTS The non-stereotactic neuronavigation system was able to externally locate the frontal cortex in dogs with accuracy comparable with human studies. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This result indicates that a non-stereotactic neuronavigation system can accurately externally locate the left frontal cortex and paves the way to use guided non-invasive brain stimulation methods as an alternative treatment procedure for neurological and behavioral disorders in dogs. This technique could, in analogy with human guided non-invasive brain stimulation, provide a better treatment outcome for dogs suffering from anxiety disorders when compared to its non-guided alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robrecht Dockx
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Romain Duprat
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Lise Vlerick
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Nick Van Laeken
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Jimmy H Saunders
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, East-Flanders, Belgium
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Taylor O, Van Laeken N, Polis I, Dockx R, Vlerick L, Dobbeleir A, Goethals I, Saunders J, Sadones N, Baeken C, De Vos F, Peremans K. Estimation of the optimal dosing regimen of escitalopram in dogs: A dose occupancy study with [11C]DASB. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28644875 PMCID: PMC5482480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the favourable characteristics of escitalopram as being the most selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and having an increased therapeutic efficacy via binding on an additional allosteric binding site of the serotonin transporter, its dosing regimen has not yet been optimized for its use in dogs. This study aimed to estimate the optimal dosing frequency and the required dose for achieving 80% occupancy of the serotonin transporters in the basal ganglia. The dosing frequency was investigated by determining the elimination half-life after a four day oral pre-treatment period with 0.83 mg/kg escitalopram (3 administrations/day) and a subsequent i.v. injection 0.83 mg/kg. Blood samples were taken up to 12 hours after i.v. injection and the concentration of escitalopram in plasma was analysed via LC-MSMS. The dose-occupancy relationship was then determined by performing two PET scans in five adult beagles: a baseline PET scan and a second scan after steady state conditions were achieved following oral treatment with a specific dose of escitalopram ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 mg/kg/day. As the elimination half-life was determined to be 6.7 hours a dosing frequency of three administrations a day was proposed for the second part of the study. Further it was opted for a treatment period of four days, which well exceeded the minimum period to achieve steady state conditions. The optimal dosing regimen to achieve 80% occupancy in the basal ganglia and elicit a therapeutic effect, was calculated to be 1.85 mg/kg/day, divided over three administrations. Under several circumstances, such as insufficient response to other SSRIs, concurrent drug intake or in research studies focused on SERT, the use of escitalopram can be preferred over the use of the already for veterinary use registered fluoxetine, however, in case of long-term treatment with escitalopram, regularly cardiac screening is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nick Van Laeken
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Ingeborgh Polis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Dockx
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lise Vlerick
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andre Dobbeleir
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Sadones
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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