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Camargo A, Dalmagro AP, Wolin IAV, Kaster MP, Rodrigues ALS. The resilient phenotype elicited by ketamine against inflammatory stressors-induced depressive-like behavior is associated with NLRP3-driven signaling pathway. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:118-128. [PMID: 34619490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine has emerged as a prophylactic agent against depressive-like behavior induced by stress. However, the possible pro-resilience effects of ketamine against inflammatory stressors-induced depressive-like behavior and the signaling pathways associated with this response remain to be determined. Therefore, this study investigated the ability of prophylactic ketamine administration to produce a pro-resilience effect against the depressive-like behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS - 0.83 mg/kg, i.p.) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α - 0.1 fg/site, i.c.v.) administration in mice. The possible contribution of the NLRP3 inflammasome-driven signaling pathway to this effect was evaluated in the ventral hippocampus. A single administration of ketamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) given 1 week before the LPS or TNF-α administration prevented the depressive-like behavior induced by these inflammatory stressors in the tail suspension test (TST) and splash test (SPT). On the other hand, a lower dose of ketamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to produce a similar effect. The administration of LPS, but not TNF-α, increased the immunocontent of the microglial marker Iba-1 in the ventral hippocampus. LPS increased the immunocontent of all proteins related to NLRP3 signaling, namely ASC, NLRP3, TXNIP, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β in this brain region, while TNF-α only increased ASC and NLRP3 immunocontent. Ketamine administered at the dose of 5 mg/kg, but not at 1 mg/kg, prevented the increase on the immunocontent of NLRP3 inflammasome complex components and regulators induced by LPS or TNF-α administration. Collectively, these findings suggest that ketamine elicits a pro-resilient phenotype against inflammatory stressors-induced depressive-like behavior, an effect associated with the suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome-driven signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Dalmagro
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, 89030-903, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid A V Wolin
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
| | - Manuella P Kaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
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Li W, Niu L, Liu Z, Xu X, Shi M, Zhang Y, Deng Y, He J, Xu Y, Wan W, Sun Q, Zhong X, Cao W. Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 prevents chronic social isolation-induced depression-like behavior in male mice. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136290. [PMID: 34644625 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Niu
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China; Liuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 410300 Liuyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenghai Liu
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Mengmeng Shi
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yingcheng Deng
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Pathology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China; China Key Laboratory Of Brain Science Research & Transformation In Tropical Environment Of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, China
| | - Qiumin Sun
- Department of Nursing, Yiyang Medical College, 413000 Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| | - Wenyu Cao
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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Characterizing the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mood Disorders: Overview, Technical Development, and Measures of Peripheral Activation in Adolescent Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212513. [PMID: 34830395 PMCID: PMC8618969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a node of intracellular stress pathways and a druggable target which integrates mitochondrial stress and inflammatory cascades. While a body of evidence suggests the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in numerous diseases, a lack of reliable measurement techniques highlights the need for a robust assay using small quantities of biological samples. We present a literature overview on peripheral activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in mood disorders, then outline a process to develop and validate a robust assay to measure baseline and activated intracellular levels of “apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD” (ASC) as a key component of an inflammatory profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A consistent association between high NLRP3 mRNA levels and relevant cytokines was seen in the literature. Using our method to measure ASC, stimulation of PBMC with lipopolysaccharide and nigericin or adenosine triphosphate resulted in microscopic identification of intracellular ASC specks, as well as interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta and caspase-1 p10 in the periphery. This was abolished by dose-dependent pre-treatment with 100 nM MCC950. We also report the use of this technique in a small pilot sample from patients with bipolar disorder and depressive disorders. The results show that levels of intracellular ASC and IL-1 beta are sensitive to change upon activation and maintained over time, which may be used to improve the detection of NLRP3 activation and guide personalized therapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients.
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Li D, Li C, Wang T, Zhang C, Zhu Z, Zhang G, Fang B. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 knockdown suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activity via promoting autophagy in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108106. [PMID: 34530204 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation has emerged as a crucial contributor to sepsis-induced lung injury. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 (GGPPS1) reportedly exerts the pro-inflammatory capability via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. However, little is known about the role and mechanism of GGPPS1 in sepsis-induced lung injury. METHODS Mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery to establish the in vivo model of sepsis. The lung injury of mice was assessed by analyzing the histological changes, the lung wet/dry ratio, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, total protein content, total cell, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts. Mouse alveolar macrophages MH-S were exposed to LPS for developing in vitro model of sepsis. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GGPPS1, beclin-1, and autophagy and inflammasome-related genes were detected using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to determine the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. RESULTS We successfully established sepsis-induced acute lung injury in vivo by CLP surgery. GGPPS1 was upregulated in the lung tissues of CLP-induced septic mice. The activation of autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome were found in the lung tissues of CLP-induced septic mice. The addition of exogenous GGPP (synthesis products catalyzed by GGPPS1) and autophagic inhibitor 3-MA aggravated sepsis-induced hypoxemia, alveolar inflammatory response, intrapulmonary hemorrhage, and pulmonary edema, as evidenced by increased lung injury score, lung wet/dry weight ratio, MPO activity, total protein content, total cell, and PMNs counts, and decreased PaO2/FiO2 ratio. While NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 exerted the opposite effects. Additionally, administration of exogenous GGPP could inhibit the activation of autophagy, enhance the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome, and the production of IL-1β and IL-18. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA treatment also promoted the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and the production of IL-1β and IL-18. While MCC950 restrained the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome, but did not affect the activation of autophagy. Notably, the expression of GGPPS1 was unaltered in CLP-induced mice following GGPP, 3-MA, or MCC950 treatment. Moreover, GGPPS1 was upregulated in MH-S cells stimulated with LPS, and GGPPS1 knockdown enhanced the activation of autophagy and inhibited the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro. Importantly, depletion of GGPPS1 could alleviate LPS-induced inflammatory response by inducing autophagy-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. CONCLUSION GGPPS1 knockdown suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activity via promoting autophagy and then attenuated sepsis-induced acute lung injury, revealing a novel target for treating sepsis-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahuan Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Tianzhong Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Zhao Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Guoxiu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Bangjiang Fang
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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Li X, Wang H, Li C, Wu J, Lu J, Guo JY, Tu Y. Acupuncture inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the prefrontal cortex of a chronic stress rat model of depression. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:2470-2479. [PMID: 34636496 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-driven inflammatory response plays a key role in the pathophysiology of depression. Mounting evidence suggests that acupuncture is an effective treatment for depression. In this study, we investigated the effects of acupuncture treatment at the acupoints Baihui (GV20) and Yintang (GV29) on NLRP3 inflammasome in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of an animal model of depression. Rats that underwent chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 6 weeks showed depressive-like behaviors, which were confirmed by sucrose preference and locomotor activity in the open field test. The protein levels of NLRP3, apoptotic speck-containing protein with a card (ASC), and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1) in the PFC were detected by Western blot analysis. The mRNA and protein expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the PFC were measured by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Our results showed that the depressive-like behaviors in stressed rats were reversed by acupuncture treatment. Compared with control rats, the protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 and the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β and IL-18 in the PFC were markedly increased in CUMS rats. Acupuncture treatment significantly decreased the levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components and inflammatory cytokines in the PFC. Acupuncture treatment also reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the PFC. These results suggested that acupuncture has antidepressant-like effects, and its mechanism appears to be involved in the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and apoptosis in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-You Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Tu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Protective effect of mirtazapine against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats: Role of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108174. [PMID: 34601335 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes long-lasting inflammation on the innermost lining of the colon and rectum. Mirtazapine (MRT) is a well-known antidepressant that was proven to have anti-inflammatory activity; however, to date, its role has not been investigated in UC. The current study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of MRT in UC. MAIN METHOD Acetic acid (AA) was used for UC induction, and sulfasalazine (SLZ) was used as a positive control. Rats were divided into five equal groups; as follows; normal control, AA, SLZ (received SLZ in a dose of 250 mg/kg for 14 days), MRT10 (received MRT in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days), and MRT30 (received MRT in a dose of 30 mg/kg/day for 14 days) groups. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations together with oxidative stress parameters evaluation were done. NOD-like receptors-3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, TNF-α, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression together with interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels were examined. KEY FINDING MRT, in a dose-dependent manner, prevented the macroscopic and microscopic colonic damage and corrected the oxidative stress induced by AA. Moreover, MRT decreased the colonic tissue NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1, NF-κB, TNF-α expressions, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels that were elevated in colonic tissue by the AA. SIGNIFICANCE MRT has a dose-dependent protective effect against UC that was mediated mainly by its anti-inflammatory activity with modulation of NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammatory pathway.
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Das B, Sarkar C, Rawat VS, Kalita D, Deka S, Agnihotri A. Promise of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors in In Vivo Disease Models. Molecules 2021; 26:4996. [PMID: 34443594 PMCID: PMC8399941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are conserved cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that track the intracellular milieu for the existence of infection, disease-causing microbes, as well as metabolic distresses. The NLRP3 inflammasome agglomerates are consequent to sensing a wide spectrum of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Certain members of the NLR family have been documented to lump into multimolecular conglomerates called inflammasomes, which are inherently linked to stimulation of the cysteine protease caspase-1. Following activation, caspase-1 severs the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 to their biologically active forms, with consequent commencement of caspase-1-associated pyroptosis. This type of cell death by pyroptosis epitomizes a leading pathway of inflammation. Accumulating scientific documentation has recorded overstimulation of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome involvement in a wide array of inflammatory conditions. IL-1β is an archetypic inflammatory cytokine implicated in multiple types of inflammatory maladies. Approaches to impede IL-1β's actions are possible, and their therapeutic effects have been clinically demonstrated; nevertheless, such strategies are associated with certain constraints. For instance, treatments that focus on systemically negating IL-1β (i.e., anakinra, rilonacept, and canakinumab) have been reported to result in an escalated peril of infections. Therefore, given the therapeutic promise of an NLRP3 inhibitor, the concerted escalated venture of the scientific sorority in the advancement of small molecules focusing on direct NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition is quite predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadeep Das
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Chayna Sarkar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Mawdiangdiang, Shillong 793018, Meghalaya, India;
| | - Vikram Singh Rawat
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Deepjyoti Kalita
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India; (D.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Sangeeta Deka
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India; (D.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Akash Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
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Zhang X, Wang P, Shi L, Li N. Study on caspase-1 and partial cognitive impairment in the comorbidity of type 2 diabetes and MDD. J Affect Disord 2021; 290:387-392. [PMID: 34087627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major mood disorder characterized by chronic low mood with cognitive impairment. Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic metabolic diseases, Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) will obviously increase the risk of dementia. People with the the comorbidity of T2DM and MDD have a higher risk of dementia. In this study, we aim to investigate partial cognitive impairment in the comorbidity of T2DM and MDD, and to determine the relationship between changes in caspase-1 expression and cognitive impairment. To further explore the role of caspase-1 in the partial cognitive impairment in the comorbidity of T2DM and MDD. METHODS A total of 162 people were enrolled, there were 49 patients in the comorbidity of T2DM and MDD group, 54 patients in the MDD group, and 45 patients in the T2DM group. Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was used to assess the cognitive function of these three groups. Serum level of caspase-1 was determined by ELISA, and the level of caspase-1, as well as partial cognitive function, was compared in the three groups. RESULTS The cognitive impairment of patients of the comorbidity of T2DM and MDD group was worse than the MDD group and the T2DM group, and the immediate memory, attention, and delayed memory in the comorbidity of T2DM and MDD group were lower than those in the other two groups, and the caspase-1 of the comorbidity of T2DM and MDD is higher than the caspase-1 of the MDD group, all the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Caspase-1 protein was negatively correlated with immediate memory, attention, and delayed memory (r=-0.332, r=-0.182, r=-0.313, P<0.05). CONCLUSION The cognitive impairment of patients of the comorbidity of T2DM and MDD group was worse than the MDD group and the T2DM group, and the immediate memory, attention, and delayed memory in the comorbidity of T2DM and MDD group were lower than those in the other two groups. The differences of the caspase-1 in the comorbidity of T2DM and MDD group, the MDD group and the T2DM group were significant, the level of the caspase-1 is higher than the other two groups, the cognitive impairment of three groups is associated with caspase-1, suggesting caspase-1 protein may be involved in the cognitive impairment aggravation mechanism of the comorbidity of T2DM and MDD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyue Zhang
- Psychiatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Psychiatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Na Li
- Psychiatric Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Jones GH, Vecera CM, Pinjari OF, Machado-Vieira R. Inflammatory signaling mechanisms in bipolar disorder. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:45. [PMID: 34112182 PMCID: PMC8194019 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a decidedly heterogeneous and multifactorial disease, with a high individual and societal burden. While not all patients display overt markers of elevated inflammation, significant evidence suggests that aberrant immune signaling contributes to all stages of the disease, and likely explains the elevated rates of comorbid inflammatory illnesses seen in this population. While individual systems have been intensely studied and targeted, a relative paucity of attention has been given to the interconnecting role of inflammatory signals therein. This review presents an updated overview of some of the most prominent pathophysiologic mechanisms in bipolar disorder, from mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticular, and calcium homeostasis, to purinergic, kynurenic, and hormonal/neurotransmitter signaling, showing inflammation to act as a powerful nexus between these systems. Several areas with a high degree of mechanistic convergence within this paradigm are highlighted to present promising future targets for therapeutic development and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory H Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Courtney M Vecera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Omar F Pinjari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 1941 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
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Yang Y, Xing MJ, Li Y, Zhang HF, Yuan TF, Peng DH. Reduced NLRP3 inflammasome expression in the brain is associated with stress resilience. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 128:105211. [PMID: 33812228 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased expression of the Nod-like receptor pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and proinflammatory cytokines is associated with depressive behaviors. This study aimed to explore potential differences in neuroinflammation associated with stress resilience, as well as associated changes in autophagy, in a mouse model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Animals were classified as CUMS resilient or CUMS susceptible based on performance on behavioral tests following the CUMS protocol. Then the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and Beclin 1 in stress-related brain regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) were determined. Results showed that stress exposure triggered significant NLRP3 inflammasome increase in CUMS susceptible mice but not in CUMS resilient mice. These changes were accompanied by altered IL-1β and Beclin 1 expression levels. These findings indicate that stress resilience is associated with reduced pro-inflammatory signaling and autophagy activation, and suggest that therapeutically targeting these pathways might promote stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Meng-Juan Xing
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui-Feng Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dai-Hui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Rao J, Xie R, Lin L, Jiang J, Du L, Zeng X, Li G, Wang C, Qiao Y. Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates gut microbiota imbalance and intestinal barrier damage in rats with stress‐induced depressive‐like behavior. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3598-3611. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Rao
- Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong University Jinan China
| | - Ruining Xie
- Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Lei Du
- Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Xindie Zeng
- Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Gongying Li
- Department of Mental Health Jining Medical University Jining China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Neurobiology InstituteJining Medical University Jining China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Public Health Jining Medical University Jining China
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Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates stress-induced depression-like behaviors associated with the inhibition of glial and NLRP3 inflammasome in rat brain. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:147-157. [PMID: 33677218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from previous studies has demonstrated that the gut-microbiota-brain axis is vital in regulating of behavior and neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Considering the putative connection among gut microbiota, neural function, and behavior, the present study investigated the potential signaling of gut microbiota to modulate depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammation. METHODS Rats showing depression-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress received fecal microbiota treatment or vehicle for 14 days, and alterations in behavior and neuroinflammation were assessed. ELISA, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were used to analysis the activation of glial cells and NLRP3 inflammasome. RESULTS Treatment with fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorated depression-like behaviors. 5-Hydroxytryptamine decreased in the chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model but significantly increased after fecal microbiota transplantation. The treatment with fecal microbiota transplantation decreased the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. Moreover, fecal microbiota transplantation administration suppressed the activation of Iba1 positive microglia cells and GFAP positive astrocytes cells and reduced the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and IL-1β pathway in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Fecal microbiota transplantation can improve depression-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress. The anti-depression effects of fecal microbiota transplantation were associated with the suppressed activation of glial cells and NLRP3 inflammasome in the brain.
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Sarno E, Moeser AJ, Robison AJ. Neuroimmunology of depression. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 91:259-292. [PMID: 34099111 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and a major contributor to the global burden of disease, yet the cellular and molecular etiology of depression remain largely unknown. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with a variety of chronic physical inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and mood disorders may act synergistically with other medical disorders to worsen patient outcomes. Here, we outline the neuroimmune complement, explore the evidence for altered immune system function in MDD, and present some of the potential mechanisms by which immune cells and molecules may drive the onset and course of MDD. These include pro-inflammatory signaling, alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, dysregulation of the serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems, neuroinflammation, and meningeal immune dysfunction. Finally, we discuss the interactions between current antidepressants and the immune system and propose the possibility of immunomodulatory drugs as potential novel antidepressant treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Sarno
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Adam J Moeser
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alfred J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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Tang M, Liu T, Jiang P, Dang R. The interaction between autophagy and neuroinflammation in major depressive disorder: From pathophysiology to therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105586. [PMID: 33812005 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has revealed neuroinflammation as an important mechanism of major depressive disorder (MDD). Nod-like receptors family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the key regulator interleukin-1β (IL-1β) maturation, whose activation has been reported in MDD patients and various animal models. Function as a dominant driver of neuroinflammation, NLRP3 bridges the gap between immune activation with stress exposure, and further leads to subsequent occurrence of neuropsychiatric disorders such as MDD. Of note, autophagy is a tightly regulated cellular degradation pathway that removes damaged organelles and intracellular pathogens, and maintains cellular homeostasis from varying insults. Serving as a critical cellular monitoring system, normal functioned autophagy signaling prevents excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent release of IL-1 family cytokines. This review will describe the current understanding of how autophagy regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity and discuss the implications of this regulation on the pathogenesis of MDD. The extensive crosstalk between autophagy pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome is further discussed, as it is critical for developing new therapeutic strategies for MDD aimed at modulating the neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
| | - Ruili Dang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, China.
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Angosto-Bazarra D, Molina-López C, Peñín-Franch A, Hurtado-Navarro L, Pelegrín P. Techniques to Study Inflammasome Activation and Inhibition by Small Molecules. Molecules 2021; 26:1704. [PMID: 33803783 PMCID: PMC8003184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are immune cytosolic oligomers involved in the initiation and progression of multiple pathologies and diseases. The tight regulation of these immune sensors is necessary to control an optimal inflammatory response and recover organism homeostasis. Prolonged activation of inflammasomes result in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, and the use of small drug-like inhibitory molecules are emerging as promising anti-inflammatory therapies. Different aspects have to be taken in consideration when designing inflammasome inhibitors. This review summarizes the different techniques that can be used to study the mechanism of action of potential inflammasome inhibitory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Angosto-Bazarra
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (C.M.-L.); (A.P.-F.); (L.H.-N.)
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Línea de Inflamación Molecular, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria IMIB-Arrixaca, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (C.M.-L.); (A.P.-F.); (L.H.-N.)
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Sen ZD, Danyeli LV, Woelfer M, Lamers F, Wagner G, Sobanski T, Walter M. Linking atypical depression and insulin resistance-related disorders via low-grade chronic inflammation: Integrating the phenotypic, molecular and neuroanatomical dimensions. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:335-352. [PMID: 33359233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) and related disorders, such as T2DM, increase the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and vice versa. Current evidence indicates that psychological stress and overeating can induce chronic low-grade inflammation that can interfere with glutamate metabolism in MDD as well as insulin signaling, particularly in the atypical subtype. Here we first review the interactive role of inflammatory processes in the development of MDD, IR and related metabolic disorders. Next, we describe the role of the anterior cingulate cortex in the pathophysiology of MDD and IR-related disorders. Furthermore, we outline how specific clinical features of atypical depression, such as hyperphagia, are more associated with inflammation and IR-related disorders. Finally, we examine the regional specificity of the effects of inflammation on the brain that show an overlap with the functional and morphometric brain patterns activated in MDD and IR-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zümrüt Duygu Sen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lena Vera Danyeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Leipziger Str. 44, Building 65, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marie Woelfer
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Leipziger Str. 44, Building 65, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Sobanski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Thueringen-Kliniken "Georgius Agricola" GmbH, Rainweg 68, 07318 Saalfeld, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Leipziger Str. 44, Building 65, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany.
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He JH, Liu RP, Peng YM, Guo Q, Zhu LB, Lian YZ, Hu BL, Fan HH, Zhang X, Zhu JH. Differential and paradoxical roles of new-generation antidepressants in primary astrocytic inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:47. [PMID: 33602262 PMCID: PMC7890881 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02097-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly used new-generation drugs for depression. Depressive symptoms are thought to be closely related to neuroinflammation. In this study, we used up-to-date protocols of culture and stimulation and aimed to understand how astrocytes respond to the antidepressants. Methods Primary astrocytes were isolated and cultured using neurobasal-based serum-free medium. The cells were treated with a cytokine mixture comprising complement component 1q, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 1α with or without pretreatments of antidepressants. Cell viability, phenotypes, inflammatory responses, and the underlying mechanisms were analyzed. Results All the SSRIs, including paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, and fluvoxamine, show a visible cytotoxicity within the range of applied doses, and a paradoxical effect on astrocytic inflammatory responses as manifested by the promotion of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and/or nitric oxide (NO) and the inhibition of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and/or interleukin 1β (IL-1β). The SNRI venlafaxine was the least toxic to astrocytes and inhibited the production of IL-6 and IL-1β but with no impact on iNOS and NO. All the drugs had no regulation on the polarization of astrocytic A1 and A2 types. Mechanisms associated with the antidepressants in astrocytic inflammation route via inhibition of JNK1 activation and STAT3 basal activity. Conclusions The study demonstrated that the antidepressants possess differential cytotoxicity to astrocytes and function differently, also paradoxically for the SSRIs, to astrocytic inflammation. Our results provide novel pieces into understanding the differential efficacy and tolerability of the antidepressants in treating patients in the context of astrocytes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02097-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui He
- Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical College, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong-Pei Liu
- Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Man Peng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan-Bing Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Lian
- Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bei-Lei Hu
- Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Hui Fan
- Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics & Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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Identification of the antidepressive properties of C1, a specific inhibitor of Skp2, in mice. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:62-72. [PMID: 33416256 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that SMIP004, an inhibitor of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), displays antidepressant-like activities in stress-naïve and chronically stressed mice. Here, we investigated the antidepressant-like effect of C1, another inhibitor of Skp2, in mouse models following acute or chronic drug administration at different doses and treatment times by using the tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), and social interaction test (SIT). The time- and dose-dependent results showed that the antidepressant-like effect of C1 occurred 8 days after the drug treatment, and C1 produced antidepressant-like activities at the dose of 5 and 10 but not 1 mg/kg in male or female mice. C1 administration (5 mg/kg) also induced antidepressant-like effects in stress-naïve mice in a three-times administration mode within 24 h (24, 5, and 1 h before the test) but not in an acute administration mode (1 h before the test). The C1 and fluoxetine co-administration produced additive effect on depression-like behaviors in stress-naïve mice. The antidepressant-like effect of C1 was not associated with the change in locomotor activity, as no increased locomotor activity was observed in different treatment modes. Furthermore, the long-term C1 treatment (5 mg/kg) was found to ameliorate the depression-like behaviors in chronic social defeat stress-exposed mice, suggesting that C1 can produce antidepressant-like actions in stress conditions. Since C1 is a specific inhibitor of Skp2, our results demonstrate that inhibition of Skp2 might be a potential strategy for the treatment of depression, and Skp2 may be potential target for the development of novel antidepressants.
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Smith C, Trageser KJ, Wu H, Herman FJ, Iqbal UH, Sebastian-Valverde M, Frolinger T, Zeng E, Pasinetti GM. Anxiolytic effects of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in a model of chronic sleep deprivation. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:52. [PMID: 33446652 PMCID: PMC7809257 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is a form of stress that provokes both inflammatory responses and neuropsychiatric disorders. Because persistent inflammation is implicated as a physiological process in anxiety disorders, we investigated the contributions of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling to anxiety and anxiolytic properties of flavanol diets in a model of chronic sleep deprivation. The results show a flavanol-rich dietary preparation (FDP) exhibits anxiolytic properties by attenuating markers of neuroimmune activation, which included IL-1β upregulation, NLRP3 signaling, and microglia activation in the cortex and hippocampus of sleep-deprived mice. Production of IL-1β and NLRP3 were critical for both anxiety phenotypes and microglia activation. Individual FDP metabolites potently inhibited IL-1β production from microglia following stimulation with NLRP3-specific agonists, supporting anxiolytic properties of FDP observed in models of sleep deprivation involve inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The study further showed sleep deprivation alters the expression of the circadian gene Bmal1, which critically regulated NLRP3 expression and IL-1β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Kyle J Trageser
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Henry Wu
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Francis J Herman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Umar Haris Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Maria Sebastian-Valverde
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Tal Frolinger
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Emma Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 10029, USA.
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.
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Rutsch A, Kantsjö JB, Ronchi F. The Gut-Brain Axis: How Microbiota and Host Inflammasome Influence Brain Physiology and Pathology. Front Immunol 2020; 11:604179. [PMID: 33362788 PMCID: PMC7758428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota has a fundamental role in host physiology and pathology. Gut microbial alteration, also known as dysbiosis, is a condition associated not only with gastrointestinal disorders but also with diseases affecting other distal organs. Recently it became evident that the intestinal bacteria can affect the central nervous system (CNS) physiology and inflammation. The nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract are communicating through a bidirectional network of signaling pathways called the gut-brain axis, which consists of multiple connections, including the vagus nerve, the immune system, and bacterial metabolites and products. During dysbiosis, these pathways are dysregulated and associated with altered permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neuroinflammation. However, numerous mechanisms behind the impact of the gut microbiota in neuro-development and -pathogenesis remain poorly understood. There are several immune pathways involved in CNS homeostasis and inflammation. Among those, the inflammasome pathway has been linked to neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, but also anxiety and depressive-like disorders. The inflammasome complex assembles upon cell activation due to exposure to microbes, danger signals, or stress and lead to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and interleukin-18) and to pyroptosis. Evidences suggest that there is a reciprocal influence of microbiota and inflammasome activation in the brain. However, how this influence is precisely working is yet to be discovered. Herein, we discuss the status of the knowledge and the open questions in the field focusing on the function of intestinal microbial metabolites or products on CNS cells during healthy and inflammatory conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and also neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, we focus on the innate inflammasome pathway as immune mechanism that can be involved in several of these conditions, upon exposure to certain microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesca Ronchi
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Research, Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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Involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in schizophrenia-like behaviour in young animals after maternal immune activation. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2020; 32:321-327. [PMID: 32660670 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2020.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the involvement of nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in schizophrenia-like behaviour in young animals exposed to maternal immune activation (MIA). METHODS To this aim, on the 15th gestational day, the females received an injection of lipopolysaccharides. When the animals completed 7, 14 and 45 postnatal days, they were killed and the whole brain was dissected for biochemical analysis. Animals with 45 postnatal days were submitted to behavioural tests of locomotor activity, social interaction and stereotyped movements. RESULTS It was observed that the animals presented schizophrenia-like behaviour at 45 postnatal days associated with the increase of NLRP3 inflammasome expression and IL-1β levels on 7, 14 and 45 postnatal days. CONCLUSION This study shows that MIA may be associated with a schizophrenia-like behaviour. This behaviour can be induced to a neuroinflammatory profile in the brain. These evidences may base future studies on the relationship between neuroinflammation and psychiatric disorders.
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The anti-inflammatory role of SSRI and SNRI in the treatment of depression: a review of human and rodent research studies. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:75-90. [PMID: 33164143 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Depression has the topmost prevalence of all psychiatric diseases. It is characterized by a high recurrence rate, disability, and numerous and mostly unclear pathogenic mechanisms. Besides the monoamine or the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression, the inflammatory mechanism has begun to be supported by more and more evidence. At the same time, the current knowledge about the standard treatment of choice, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), is expanding rapidly, adding more features to the initial ones. OBJECTIVES This review summarizes the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of SSRIs and SNRIs in the treatment of depression and outlines the particular mechanisms of these effects for each drug separately. In addition, we provide an overview of the inflammation-related theory of depression and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS SSRIs and SNRIs decrease the neuroinflammation through multiple mechanisms including the reduction of blood or tissue cytokines or regulating complex inflammatory pathways: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), inflammasomes, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Also, SSRIs and SNRIs show these effects in association with an antidepressant action. CONCLUSIONS SSRIs and SNRIs have an anti-neuroinflammatory role which might contribute the antidepressant effect.
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Davis RP, Almishri W, Jenne CN, Swain MG. The Antidepressant Mirtazapine Activates Hepatic Macrophages, Facilitating Pathogen Clearance While Limiting Tissue Damage in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:578654. [PMID: 33250892 PMCID: PMC7673391 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.578654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Mirtazapine is an atypical antidepressant with antagonist activity for serotonin and histamine receptors. Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that, in addition to treating depression, mirtazapine also alters liver innate immunity and suppresses immune-driven hepatic macrophage activation. Liver macrophages, Kupffer cells, represent the largest collection of fixed macrophages in the body and are critical in regulating hepatic immunity. In addition to their capacity to regulate inflammation, Kupffer cells are key sentinels for clearing blood-borne pathogens, preventing their dissemination within the body. This process involves pathogen capture, phagocytosis, and activation-induced killing via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Therefore, we speculated that mirtazapine might adversely alter Kupffer cell pathogen-associated activation and killing. Methods Mice were treated with mirtazapine and time-dependent changes in Kupffer cells were characterized using intravital microscopy. Macrophage and neutrophil responses, bacterial dissemination, and liver damage were assessed following i.v. infection with a pathogenic strain of S. aureus. Results Mirtazapine rapidly (within 1.5 h) activates Kupffer cells, indicated by a loss of elongated shape with cellular rounding. However, this shape change did not result in impaired pathogen capture function, and, in fact, generated enhanced ROS production in response to S. aureus-induced sepsis. Neutrophil dynamics were altered with reduced cellular recruitment to the liver following infection. Bacterial dissemination post-intravenous administration was not altered by mirtazapine treatment; however, hepatic abscess formation was significantly reduced. Conclusions Mirtazapine rapidly activates Kupffer cells, associated with preserved bacterial capture functions and enhanced ROS generation capacity. Moreover, these changes in Kupffer cells were linked to a beneficial reduction in hepatic abscess size. In contrast to our initial speculation, mirtazapine may have beneficial effects in sepsis and warrants further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Paige Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Wagdi Almishri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Craig Neal Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark Gordon Swain
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Wang X, Wang T, Sun L, Zhang H, Liu C, Zhang C, Yu L. B-vitamin supplementation ameliorates anxiety- and depression-like behavior induced by gestational urban PM 2.5 exposure through suppressing neuroinflammation in mice offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115146. [PMID: 32663728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 exposure is an emerging environmental concern and severe health insult closely related to psychological conditions such as anxiety and depression in adolescence. Adolescence is a critical period for neural system development characterized by continuous brain maturation, especially in the prefrontal cortex. The etiology of these adolescent conditions may derive from fetal origin, probably attributed to the adverse effects induced by intrauterine environmental exposure. Anxiety- and depression-like behavior can be induced by gestational exposure to PM2.5 in mice offspring which act as a useful model system. Recent studies show that B-vitamin may alleviate PM2.5-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation- and function-related spatial memory impairment in adolescent mice offspring. However, cortical damage and related neurobehavioral defects induced by gestational PM2.5 exposure, as well as the potential reversibility by interventions in mice offspring require to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate whether B-vitamin would protect mice offspring from the adverse effects derived from gestational exposure to urban PM2.5 on cortical areas to which anxiety and depression are closely related. Pregnant mice were divided into three groups: control group (treated with PBS alone), model group (treated with both PM2.5 and PBS), and intervention group (treated with both PM2.5 and B-vitamin), respectively. The mice offspring were then applied to comprehensive neurobehavioral, ultrastructural, biochemical, and molecular biological analyses. Interestingly, we observed that gestational PM2.5 exposure led to neurobehavioral defects including anxiety- and depression-like behavior. In addition, neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, increased apoptosis, and caspase-1-mediated inflammasome activation in the prefrontal cortex were observed. Notably, both behavioral and molecular changes could be significantly alleviated by B-vitamin treatment. In summary, our results suggest that the anxiety- and depression-like behavior induced by gestational PM2.5 exposure in mice offspring can be ameliorated by B-vitamin supplementation, probably through the suppression of apoptosis, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and caspase-1-mediated inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haoyun Zhang
- Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Li Yu
- Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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76
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Amitriptyline interferes with autophagy-mediated clearance of protein aggregates via inhibiting autophagosome maturation in neuronal cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:874. [PMID: 33070168 PMCID: PMC7568721 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant commonly prescribed for major depressive disorders, as well as depressive symptoms associated with various neurological disorders. A possible correlation between the use of tricyclic antidepressants and the occurrence of Parkinson's disease has been reported, but its underlying mechanism remains unknown. The accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates has been suggested to cause cellular toxicity and has been implicated in the common pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we examined the effect of amitriptyline on protein clearance and its relevant mechanisms in neuronal cells. Amitriptyline exacerbated the accumulation of abnormal aggregates in both in vitro neuronal cells and in vivo mice brain by interfering with the (1) formation of aggresome-like aggregates and (2) autophagy-mediated clearance of aggregates. Amitriptyline upregulated LC3B-II, but LC3B-II levels did not increase further in the presence of NH4Cl, which suggests that amitriptyline inhibited autophagic flux rather than autophagy induction. Amitriptyline interfered with the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome through the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and Beclin 1 acetylation, and regulated lysosome positioning by increasing the interaction between proteins Arl8, SKIP, and kinesin. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate that amitriptyline interferes with autophagic flux by regulating the autophagosome maturation during autophagy in neuronal cells. The present study could provide neurobiological clue for the possible correlation between the amitriptyline use and the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases.
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Xia B, Tong Y, Xia C, Chen C, Shan X. α-Cyperone Confers Antidepressant-Like Effects in Mice via Neuroplasticity Enhancement by SIRT3/ROS Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Deactivation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:577062. [PMID: 33132912 PMCID: PMC7579414 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.577062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Cyperone (Cy) is a major active compound of Cyperus rotundus that has various pharmacological activities. But whether Cy possesses antidepressant effect is unknown. In this study, we exposed mice to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) with or without intervention with Cy. Our results showed that Cy significantly improved the depressive phenotypes in sucrose preference test, tail suspension test and forced swimming test. Meanwhile, increased SIRT3 expression, reduced ROS production and activated NF-κB signal were detected in the hippocampus of mice. NLRP3 inflammasome related proteins including NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and GSDMD-N were downregulated after Cy administration. Synaptic proteins including Synapsin-1 and PSD-95 and dendritic spine density were improved after Cy treatment. Moreover, the protective effects of Cy in CUMS mice were compromised when co-administrated with SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP. Taken together, these findings suggested that Cy has therapeutic potential for treating depression and that this antidepressant effect may be attributed to SIRT3 stimulated neuroplasticity enhancement by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xia
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Yue Tong
- School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Changbo Xia
- School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Department of Neurology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Shan
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
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78
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Corey DA, Rymut SM, Kelley TJ. Alleviation of depression-like behavior in a cystic fibrosis mouse model by Hdac6 depletion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16278. [PMID: 33004910 PMCID: PMC7530985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients experience heightened levels of anxiety and depression. Stress from dealing with chronic disease and rigorous treatment regimens certainly are primary contributors to these outcomes. We previously have demonstrated that microtubule alterations in CF are linked to a number of CF phenotypes including growth regulation and inflammatory responses to airway bacterial challenge. Deletion of histone deactelyase 6 (HDAC6), a cytosolic deacetylase that regulates tubulin acetylation, in CF mice restores growth and inflammatory phenotypes to wild type (WT) profiles. In this study, the hypothesis that Hdac6 depletion in CF mice would impact behaviors since Hda6 inhibition has been previously reported to have anti-depressive properties. Data demonstrate that CF mice exhibit reduced activity and reduced open arm time in an elevated plus maze test which can be consistent with anxiety-like behavior. CF mice also exhibit depression-like behaviors compared to WT mice in an age dependent manner. By eight weeks of age, CF mice exhibit significantly more immobile time in the tail-suspension test, however, Hdac6 depletion reverses the depressive phenotype. These data demonstrate that loss of CFTR function may predispose patients to experience depression and that this behavior is Hdac6 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Corey
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 833 BRB, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4948, USA
| | - Sharon M Rymut
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 833 BRB, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4948, USA
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 833 BRB, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4948, USA.
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Pierone BC, Pereira CA, Garcez ML, Kaster MP. Stress and signaling pathways regulating autophagy: From behavioral models to psychiatric disorders. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113485. [PMID: 32987001 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of degradation and recycling of cytoplasmatic components by the lysosomes. In the central nervous system (CNS), autophagy is involved in cell surveillance, neuroinflammation, and neuroplasticity. Neuropsychiatric conditions are associated with functional disturbances at molecular and cellular levels, causing significant impairments in cell homeostasis. Additionally, emerging evidence supports that dysfunctions in autophagy contribute to the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. However, the studies on autophagy in psychiatric disorders are highly heterogeneous and have several limitations, mainly to assess causality and determine the autophagy flux in animals and human samples. Besides, the role of this mechanism in non-neuronal cells in the CNS is only recently being explored. Thus, this review summarizes and discusses the changes in the autophagy pathway in animal models of psychiatric disorders and the limitations underlying the significant findings. Moreover, we compared these findings with clinical studies. Understanding the involvement of autophagy in psychiatric conditions, and the limitation of our current models may contribute to the development of more effective research approaches and possibly pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Pierone
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Caibe A Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Michelle L Garcez
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Manuella P Kaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Blues in the Brain and Beyond: Molecular Bases of Major Depressive Disorder and Relative Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatments. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091089. [PMID: 32961910 PMCID: PMC7564223 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive research conducted in recent decades, the molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) and relative evidence-based treatments remain unclear. Various hypotheses have been successively proposed, involving different biological systems. This narrative review aims to critically illustrate the main pathogenic hypotheses of MDD, ranging from the historical ones based on the monoaminergic and neurotrophic theories, through the subsequent neurodevelopmental, glutamatergic, GABAergic, inflammatory/immune and endocrine explanations, until the most recent evidence postulating a role for fatty acids and the gut microbiota. Moreover, the molecular effects of established both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for MDD are also reviewed. Overall, the existing literature indicates that the molecular mechanisms described in the context of these different hypotheses, rather than representing alternative ones to each other, are likely to contribute together, often with reciprocal interactions, to the development of MDD and to the effectiveness of treatments, and points at the need for further research efforts in this field.
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81
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Du RW, Bu WG. Metformin improves depressive-like symptoms in mice via inhibition of peripheral and central NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammation activation. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:2549-2556. [PMID: 32870322 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that NLRP3 inflammasome-induced inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression. Thus, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation may offer a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of depression. Metformin has been shown to have potential anti-inflammatory activity, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We used a chronic mild stress model of depression and cultured primary macrophage to investigate the effects of metformin on depression and its underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that metformin alleviated depressive-like behaviors in the chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia model of depression. We further found that metformin significantly suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, subsequent caspase-1 cleavage, and interleukin-1β secretion in both peripheral macrophages and central hippocampus. Our findings reveal that metformin confers an antidepressant effect partly through inhibition of peripheral and central NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In light of metformin favorable properties, it should be evaluated in the treatment of depression and related neurologic disorders characterized by NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Wei Du
- Department of Neurology, Chaoyang Hospital, 15 Renmingnan Road, Huainan, 232007, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Guang Bu
- Department of Neurology, Chaoyang Hospital, 15 Renmingnan Road, Huainan, 232007, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Xiaoyaosan improves depressive-like behaviors by regulating the NLRP3 signaling pathway in the rat cerebral cortex. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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83
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Neuroinflammation Mediated by NLRP3 Inflammasome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5130-5149. [PMID: 32856203 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most fatal subtype of stroke; there is still a lack of effective treatment. Microglia are a major component of the innate immune system, and they respond to acute brain injury by activating and forming classic M1-like (pro-inflammatory) or alternative M2-like (anti-inflammatory) phenotype. The existence of the polarization indicates that the role of microglia in disease's progression and recovery after ICH is still unclear, perhaps involving microglial secretion of anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is considered to be the main participant in neuroinflammation. Recent evidence has shown that NLRP3 inflammasome can be activated after ICH, resulting in inflammatory cascade reactions and aggravating brain injury. Furthermore, previous studies have reported that NLRP3 inflammasome is mainly present in microglia, so we speculate that its activation may be strongly associated with microglial polarization. Many scholars have investigated the role of brain injury caused by NLRP3 inflammasome after ICH, but the precise operating mechanisms remain uncertain. This review summarized the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome after ICH and the possible mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome promoting neuroinflammation and aggravating nerve injury and discussed the relevant potential therapeutic targets.
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84
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Castejón-Vega B, Giampieri F, Alvarez-Suarez JM. Nutraceutical Compounds Targeting Inflammasomes in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4829. [PMID: 32650482 PMCID: PMC7402342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The macromolecular complex known as "inflammasome" is defined as an intracellular multi-protein complex composed of a sensor receptor (PRR), an adaptor protein and an effector enzyme (caspase-1), which oligomerize when they sense danger, such as how the NLR family, AIM-2 and RIG-1 receptors protect the body against danger via cytokine secretion. Within the NLR members, NLRP3 is the most widely known and studied inflammasome and has been linked to many diseases. Nowadays, people's interest in their lifestyles and nutritional habits is increasing, mainly due to the large number of diseases that seem to be related to both. The term "nutraceutical" has recently emerged as a hybrid term between "nutrition" and "pharmacological" and it refers to a wide range of bioactive compounds contained in food with relevant effects on human health. The relationship between these compounds and diseases based on inflammatory processes has been widely exposed and the compounds stand out as an alternative to the pathological consequences that inflammatory processes may have, beyond their defense and repair action. Against this backdrop, here we review the results of studies using several nutraceutical compounds in common diseases associated with the inflammation and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasomes complex. In general, it was found that there is a wide range of nutraceuticals with effects through different molecular pathways that affect the activation of the inflammasome complex, with positive effects mainly in cardiovascular, neurological diseases, cancer and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Castejón-Vega
- Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez, Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - José M. Alvarez-Suarez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas (FICA), AgroScience & Food Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, 170125 Quito, Ecuador
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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85
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Dong Y, Li S, Lu Y, Li X, Liao Y, Peng Z, Li Y, Hou L, Yuan Z, Cheng J. Stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation negatively regulates fear memory in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:205. [PMID: 32635937 PMCID: PMC7341659 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent inflammation dysregulation and cognitive decline have been associated with several trauma- and stress-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorder. Despite the abundant discoveries of neuroinflammation in such disorders, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. METHOD Wild-type and Nlrp3-/- mice were exposed to the electric foot shocks in the contextual fear memory paradigm. Three hours after the electric foot shocks, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was investigated through immunoblotting and ELISA. Microglia were isolated and analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Hippocampal tissues were collected 3 h and 72 h after the electric foot shocks and subjected to RNA sequencing. MCC950 was administrated to mice via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-ra) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were delivered via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion. Contextual fear responses of mice were tested on 4 consecutive days (test days 1-4) starting at 48 h after the electric foot shocks. Anxiety-like behaviors were examined by elevated plus maze and open-field test. RESULTS We demonstrated that, in the contextual fear memory paradigm, the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated 3 h after electric foot shocks. We also found an upregulation in toll-like receptor and RIG-I-like receptor signaling, and a decrease in postsynaptic density (PSD) related proteins, such as PSD95 and Shank proteins, in the hippocampus 72 h after the electric foot shocks, indicating an association between neuroinflammation and PSD protein loss after stress encounter. Meanwhile, Nlrp3 knockout could significantly prevent both neuroinflammation and loss of PSD-related proteins, suggesting a possible protective role of NLRP3 deletion during this process. For further studies, we demonstrated that both genetic knockout and pharmaceutical inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome remarkably enhanced the extinction of contextual fear memory and attenuated anxiety-like behavior caused by electric foot shocks. Moreover, cytokine IL-1β administration inhibited the extinction of contextual fear memory. Meanwhile, IL-1ra significantly enhanced the extinction of contextual fear memory and attenuated anxiety-like behavior. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data revealed the pivotal role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the regulation of fear memory and the development of PTSD and anxiety disorder, providing a novel target for the clinical treatment of such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuoshuo Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- The College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yajin Liao
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhixin Peng
- School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of New Drug Evaluation, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Camargo A, Dalmagro AP, Platt N, F Rosado A, B Neis V, B Zeni AL, P Kaster M, S Rodrigues AL. Cholecalciferol abolishes depressive-like behavior and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor impairment induced by chronic corticosterone administration in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 196:172971. [PMID: 32585162 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several attempts have been made to understand the role of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in the modulation of neuropsychiatric disorders. Notably, the deficiency of vitamin D3 is considered a pandemic and has been postulated to enhance the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of cholecalciferol in a mouse model of depression induced by corticosterone, and the possible role of glucocorticoid receptors (GR), NLRP3 and autophagic pathways in this effect. Corticosterone administration (20 mg/kg, p.o., for 21 days) significantly increased the immobility time and grooming latency, as well as reduced the total time spent grooming in mice subjected to the tail suspension test (TST) and splash test (ST), respectively. Importantly, these behavioral alterations were associated with reduced GR immunocontent in the hippocampus of mice. Conversely, the repeated administration of cholecalciferol (2.5 μg/kg, p.o.) in the last 7 days of corticosterone administration was effective to prevent the increased immobility time in the TST and the reduced time spent grooming in the ST, and partially abolished the increase in the grooming latency induced by corticosterone, suggesting its antidepressant-like effect. These behavioral effects were similar to those exerted by fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Moreover, the corticosterone-induced reduction on hippocampal GR immunocontent was not observed in mice treated with cholecalciferol. Additionally, cholecalciferol treatment per se reduced the immunocontent of NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins ASC, caspase-1, and TXNIP in the hippocampus of mice. No alterations on hippocampal immunocontent of the autophagic-related proteins phospho-mTORC1, beclin-1, and LC3A/B were observed following cholecalciferol treatment and/or corticosterone administration. Collectively, our results provide insights into the effects of cholecalciferol in depression-related behaviors that seem to be related, at least in part, to GR modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Camargo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dalmagro
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, CEP 89030-903 Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nicolle Platt
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Axel F Rosado
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Vivian B Neis
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia B Zeni
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, CEP 89030-903 Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Manuella P Kaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
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The Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation: Double Trouble. Neuron 2020; 107:234-256. [PMID: 32553197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 856] [Impact Index Per Article: 214.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression represents the number one cause of disability worldwide and is often fatal. Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It is now well established that dysregulation of both the innate and adaptive immune systems occur in depressed patients and hinder favorable prognosis, including antidepressant responses. In this review, we describe how the immune system regulates mood and the potential causes of the dysregulated inflammatory responses in depressed patients. However, the proportion of never-treated major depressive disorder (MDD) patients who exhibit inflammation remains to be clarified, as the heterogeneity in inflammation findings may stem in part from examining MDD patients with varied interventions. Inflammation is likely a critical disease modifier, promoting susceptibility to depression. Controlling inflammation might provide an overall therapeutic benefit, regardless of whether it is secondary to early life trauma, a more acute stress response, microbiome alterations, a genetic diathesis, or a combination of these and other factors.
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Tong Y, Fu H, Xia C, Song W, Li Y, Zhao J, Zhang X, Gao X, Yong J, Liu Q, Yang C, Wang H. Astragalin Exerted Antidepressant-like Action through SIRT1 Signaling Modulated NLRP3 Inflammasome Deactivation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1495-1503. [PMID: 32364698 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of depression and antidepressant therapies. Astragalin (AST) is a bioactive flavonoid that possesses an anti-inflammatory property. However, the antidepressant action of astragalin has not been addressed. In this study, we explored the antidepressant effects of astragalin and its underlying mechanism. Our results showed that AST significantly improved the behavioral defects in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model, promoted SIRT1 expression, and decreased the protein levels of NF-κB p65, NLRP3, cleaved capase-1, cleaved IL-1β and cleaved gasdermin D in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemistry revealed AST mitigated CUMS-induced microglia overactivation. In vitro, AST profoundly increased the cell viability in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) treated BV2 cells, with upregulated SIRT1 expression and downregulated protein levels of nuclear NF-κB p65, NLRP3, cleaved capase-1, and cleaved gasdermin D. Declined cleavage of gasdermin D was observed after AST administration in immunocytochemistry. Nevertheless, the in vivo and in vitro effects of AST were compromised by SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527. These results indicated that AST possessed an antidepressant property, which was dependent on SIRT1 signaling modulated NLRP3 inflammasome deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Huiling Fu
- The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Changbo Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Wen Song
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yuanjie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xiaojuan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jingjiao Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Quanxia Liu
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Caiyan Yang
- The First People’s Hospital of Yinchuan, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Hanqing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
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89
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Cho KS, Lee JH, Cho J, Cha GH, Song GJ. Autophagy Modulators and Neuroinflammation. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:955-982. [PMID: 30381067 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181031144605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of various neurological disorders. Therefore, various studies have focused on the development of neuroinflammation inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools. Recently, the involvement of autophagy in the regulation of neuroinflammation has drawn substantial scientific interest, and a growing number of studies support the role of impaired autophagy in the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative disorders. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review recent research on the role of autophagy in controlling neuroinflammation. We focus on studies employing both mammalian cells and animal models to evaluate the ability of different autophagic modulators to regulate neuroinflammation. METHODS We have mostly reviewed recent studies reporting anti-neuroinflammatory properties of autophagy. We also briefly discussed a few studies showing that autophagy modulators activate neuroinflammation in certain conditions. RESULTS Recent studies report neuroprotective as well as anti-neuroinflammatory effects of autophagic modulators. We discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of action of these drugs and their potential limitations as therapeutic agents against neurological disorders. CONCLUSION Autophagy activators are promising compounds for the treatment of neurological disorders involving neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeiwon Cho
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Guang-Ho Cha
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 35015 Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea
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90
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Patchouli alcohol protects against chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressant-like behavior through inhibiting excessive autophagy via activation of mTOR signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110115. [PMID: 32244196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene, is the major chemical component of patchouli oil. This study investigated the antidepressant-like effect and mechanism of PA in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Our results showed that PA markedly attenuated CUMS-induced depressant-like behaviors, including an effective increase of sucrose preference and spontaneous exploratory capacity, as well as reduction of immobility time. In addition, PA markedly attenuated CUMS-induced mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP-1 phosphorylation reduction in the hippocampus. Furthermore, PA reversed CUMS-induced increases in LC3-II and p62 levels and CUMS-induced decrease in PSD-95 and SYN-I levels. These results indicated that the antidepressant-like effect of PA was correlated with the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, behavioral experimental results showed that the antidepressant-like effect of PA was blocked by rapamycin (autophagy inducer and mTOR inhibitor) and chloroquine (autophagic flux inhibitor). These results suggest that PA exerted antidepressant-like effect in CUMS rats through inhibiting autophagy, repairing synapse, and restoring autophagic flux in the hippocampus by activating the mTOR signaling pathway. The results render PA a promising antidepressant agent worthy of further development into a pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of depression.
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91
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Petralia MC, Mazzon E, Fagone P, Basile MS, Lenzo V, Quattropani MC, Di Nuovo S, Bendtzen K, Nicoletti F. The cytokine network in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. Close to translation? Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102504. [PMID: 32173514 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common condition that afflicts the general population across a broad spectrum of ages and social backgrounds. MDD has been identified by the World Health Organization as a leading cause of disability worldwide. Approximately 30% of patients are poor responsive to standard of care (SOC) treatment and novel therapeutic approaches are warranted. Since chronic inflammation, as it is often observed in certain cancers, type 2 diabetes, psoriasis and chronic arthritis, are accompanied by depression, it has been suggested that immunoinflammatory processes may be involved in the pathogenesis of MDD. Cytokines are a group of glycoproteins secreted from lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells that orchestrate immune responses. It has been suggested that a dysregulated production of cytokines may be implicated in the pathogenesis and maintenance of MDD. On the basis of their functions, cytokines can be subdivided in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Since abnormal blood and cerebrospinal fluid of both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines are altered in MDD, it has been suggested that abnormal cytokine homeostasis may be implicated in the pathogenesis of MDD and possibly to induction of therapeutic resistance. We review current data that indicate that cytokines may represent a useful tool to identify MDD patients that may benefit from tailored immunotherapeutic approaches and may represent a potential tailored therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Santo Di Nuovo
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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92
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Wang D, Wang H, Gao H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Wang Q, Sun Z. P2X7 receptor mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in depression and diabetes. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:28. [PMID: 32166013 PMCID: PMC7059335 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of depression and diabetes mellitus has become a major public health problem worldwide. Studies have shown that people with diabetes are at a high risk of being diagnosed with depression, and diabetes complicates depression treatment by promoting the deterioration of glycemic control, reducing self-care ability and quality of life, and causing severe functional disability and early mortality. Moreover, health deterioration dramatically increases the financial cost of social and health care system. Thus, how to treat depression, diabetes, and diabetes complicated by depression has become one of the world’s urgent concerns. The activation of nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is closely related to mental illness. This finding provides a new perspective for studying depression. NLRP3 plays an important role in the development of diabetes. In this review, we elaborate the definition and epidemiology of depression, diabetes, and diabetic depression and introduce the functional characteristics of an NLRP3 inflammasome and upstream P2X7 receptor. Moreover, related research on NLRP3 inflammasomes and P2X7 receptors is summarized and used as a reference for confirming that the excessive activation of P2X7- NLRP3 leads to the increased release of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, in depression and diabetes. We provide insights into the P2X7–NLRP3–IL-1β pathway as an important pathological mechanism and novel therapeutic target in diabetes and depression. Given that the P2X7–NLRP3–IL-1β pathway may play an important role in diabetes confounded by comorbid depression, the possibility of intervention with baicalin is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danwen Wang
- 1School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Hui Wang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Peixian People's Hospital, Hanyuan Avenue, Xuzhou, 221600 Jiangsu China
| | - Haixia Gao
- 1School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Heng Zhang
- 1School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Hua Zhang
- 1School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- 1School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhiling Sun
- 1School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu China
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93
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Kajitani N, Iwata M, Miura A, Tsunetomi K, Yamanashi T, Matsuo R, Nishiguchi T, Fukuda S, Nagata M, Shibushita M, Yamauchi T, Pu S, Shirayama Y, Watanabe K, Kaneko K. Prefrontal cortex infusion of beta-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, produces antidepressant-like effects in a rodent model of depression. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:157-165. [PMID: 32125791 PMCID: PMC7722664 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Neuroinflammation is deeply related to the pathophysiology of depression. Beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which is an endogenous ketone body, exerts anti‐inflammatory effects, and peripheral administration of BHB induces antidepressant effects in an animal model of depression; however, it is unclear whether BHB specifically mediates these actions in the brain. Thus, we administered BHB directly into the brain in a rodent model of depression using a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm. Methods BHB was continuously microinjected into the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using osmotic pumps for 21 days. Behavioral testing included the forced swim test (FST) and the open field test (OFT); the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), were quantified in the PFC, and the concentration of corticosterone in blood serum was measured. Results BHB administration into the PFC significantly decreased immobility time in the FST, without significantly altering locomotor activity assessed in the OFT. Also, CUS significantly increased the levels of TNF‐α in the PFC and decreased serum corticosterone levels; these changes were attenuated by BHB administration. These findings suggest that a small amount of BHB administered into the PFC directly produces antidepressant effects, possibly through anti‐inflammatory mechanisms, and can improve hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal axis responses. Conclusion BHB may be a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of depression based on the neuro‐inflammatory hypothesis, and the PFC is a region implicated in the antidepressant action of BHB. A small amount of beta‐hydroxybutyrate administered into the prefrontal cortex directly produces antidepressant effects, possibly through anti‐inflammatory mechanisms, and can improve hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal axis responses.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Kajitani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Akihiko Miura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kyohei Tsunetomi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yamanashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Matsuo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nishiguchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Saki Fukuda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Mayu Nagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Midori Shibushita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Takahira Yamauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shenghong Pu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Shirayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Kaneko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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94
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Resende R, Fernandes T, Pereira AC, De Pascale J, Marques AP, Oliveira P, Morais S, Santos V, Madeira N, Pereira CF, Moreira PI. Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and innate immune dysfunction in mood disorders: Do Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) play a role? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165752. [PMID: 32119897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders like major depression and bipolar disorder (BD) are among the most prevalent forms of mental illness. Current knowledge of the neurobiology and pathophysiology of these disorders is still modest and clear biological markers are still missing. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms to identify potential therapeutic targets is a prerequisite for the design of new drugs as well as to develop biomarkers that help in a more accurate and earlier diagnosis. Multiple pieces of evidence including genetic and neuro-imaging studies suggest that mood disorders are associated with abnormalities in endoplasmic-reticulum (ER)-related stress responses, mitochondrial function and calcium signalling. Furthermore, deregulation of the innate immune response has been described in patients diagnosed with mood disorders, including depression and BD. These disease-related events are associated with functions localized to a subdomain of the ER, known as Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs), which are lipid rafts-like domains that connect mitochondria and ER, both physically and biochemically. This review will outline the current understanding of the role of mitochondria and ER dysfunction under pathological brain conditions, particularly in major depressive disorder (MDD) and BD, that support the hypothesis that MAMs can act in these mood disorders as the link connecting ER-related stress response and mitochondrial impairment, as well as a mechanisms behind sterile inflammation arising from deregulation of innate immune responses. The role of MAMs in the pathophysiology of these pathologies and its potential relevance as a potential therapeutic target will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Resende
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - T Fernandes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J De Pascale
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A P Marques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Oliveira
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Morais
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - V Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N Madeira
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C F Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P I Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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95
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Li X, Qiu W, Li N, Da X, Ma Q, Hou Y, Wang T, Song M, Chen J. Susceptibility to Hyperglycemia in Rats With Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior: Involvement of IL-6 Mediated Glucose Homeostasis Signaling. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:557. [PMID: 32655424 PMCID: PMC7324635 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder comorbid with diabetes and may lead to high morbidity, disability, and mortality. However, the underlying mechanism behind their association remains unknown. Cytokine-mediated inflammation in brain may play important roles in the pathogenesis of depression and insulin resistance. In the present study, we subjected the rats to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 3 to 8 weeks. The tests to ascertain depression-like behaviors including open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST) were performed, and levels of morning fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (CHOL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), body weight, food intake, histopathological examinations of liver, adipose tissues and hypothalamus, hypothalamic GLUT4 as well as the IL-6-mediated glucose homeostasis signaling pathway were measured. The results showed that CUMS exposure resulted in the depression-like behavior at various time points in rats. Moreover, the rats exhibited increased peripheral glucose levels, impaired hepatocytes and hippocampal neurons, and decreased hypothalamic GLUT4 levels after 6 weeks of CUMS exposure. Meanwhile, activated IL-6 but suppressed IL-6-mediated glucose homeostasis signaling was observed in the hypothalamus. Markers of lipid metabolism including TG, CHOL, HDL-C and LDL-C were dysregulated, and body weight and food intake were decreased in the CUMS-exposed rats. Our results show that depressed rats induced by 6-week CUMS stimulation display susceptibility to hyperglycemia, which is associated with IL-6-mediated inhibition of glucose homeostasis signaling in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Da
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Hou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingye Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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96
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Chen Y, Shi J, Liu H, Wang Q, Chen X, Tang H, Yan R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Plasma microRNA Array Analysis Identifies Overexpressed miR-19b-3p as a Biomarker of Bipolar Depression Distinguishing From Unipolar Depression. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:757. [PMID: 33192625 PMCID: PMC7432143 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder (current major depressive episode) (BD) overlap with unipolar depressive disorder (UD), which makes it difficult to perform an accurate diagnosis. We identified plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) that distinguished BD from UD and explored the relationship between miRNA expression levels and clinical characteristics. METHODS Total miRNAs from blood plasma from seven UD patients, seven BD patients, and six controls were analyzed. The identified miRNAs were validated in a separate population group. Depression severity and early life adversities were assessed. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted to investigate the target genes that were identified and the pathways associated with the altered miRNAs. RESULTS Compared to controls, 42 miRNAs were differentially expressed in patients. miR-19b-3p, miR-3921, and miR-1180-3p were selected to validate the microarray results. Only miR-19b-3p was validated as down-regulated in patients. The primary predicted genes associated with miR-19b-3p were MAPK1, PTEN, and PRKAA1. The most relevant KEGG pathways included mTOR, FoxO, and the PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway. BD patients were more likely to have higher expression levels of miR-19b-3p and more severe childhood trauma experience compared to UD patients. CONCLUSIONS Plasma miR-19b-3p is a potential non-invasive biomarker that might be useful in distinguishing UD from BD. miR-19b3p was predicted to be involved in the pathway of inflammatory dysregulation associated with experiencing early childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affifiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiabo Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affifiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affifiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangxiang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affifiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affifiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affifiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affifiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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97
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Sahin Ozkartal C, Tuzun E, Kucukali CI, Ulusoy C, Giris M, Aricioglu F. Antidepressant-like effects of agmatine and NOS inhibitors in chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in rats: The involvement of NLRP inflammasomes. Brain Res 2019; 1725:146438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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98
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Increased inflammasome activity in markedly ill psychiatric patients: An explorative study. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 339:577119. [PMID: 31786499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate inflammatory perturbations in 40 patients with severe and complex psychiatric disorders by studying the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome, with a trans-diagnostic approach. Gene expression of CASP1, NLRP3, PYCARD, IL1B, IL1RN, TNF showed a significant increase in the patient group compared to a matched control group. Plasma levels of IL1Ra, IL-18, TNF, IL-6 and CRP were increased in the patient group. Within the patient group, increased gene expression of inflammatory markers correlated with increased disease severity. The findings support the inflammation hypothesis for markedly ill psychiatric patients across diagnostic groups.
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Kim A, Jung HG, Kim YE, Kim SC, Park JY, Lee SG, Hwang EM. The Knockdown of TREK-1 in Hippocampal Neurons Attenuate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235902. [PMID: 31771312 PMCID: PMC6929152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (TREK-1) is broadly expressed in the brain and involved in diverse brain diseases, such as seizures, ischemia, and depression. However, the cell type-specific roles of TREK-1 in the brain are largely unknown. Here, we generated a Cre-dependent TREK-1 knockdown (Cd-TREK-1 KD) transgenic mouse containing a gene cassette for Cre-dependent TREK-1 short hairpin ribonucleic acid to regulate the cell type-specific TREK-1 expression. We confirmed the knockdown of TREK-1 by injecting adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing Cre into the hippocampus of the mice. To study the role of hippocampal neuronal TREK-1 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression model, we injected AAV-hSyn-BFP (nCTL group) or AAV-hSyn-BFP-Cre (nCre group) virus into the hippocampus of Cd-TREK-1 KD mice. Interestingly, the immobility in the tail suspension test after LPS treatment did not change in the nCre group. Additionally, some neurotrophic factors (BDNF, VEGF, and IGF-1) significantly increased more in the nCre group compared to the nCTL group after LPS treatment, but there was no difference in the expression of their receptors. Therefore, our data suggest that TREK-1 in the hippocampal neurons has antidepressant effects, and that Cd-TREK-1 KD mice are a valuable tool to reveal the cell type-specific roles of TREK-1 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajung Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (A.K.); (H.-G.J.); (Y.-E.K.); (S.-C.K.)
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyun-Gug Jung
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (A.K.); (H.-G.J.); (Y.-E.K.); (S.-C.K.)
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Yeong-Eun Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (A.K.); (H.-G.J.); (Y.-E.K.); (S.-C.K.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Seung-Chan Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (A.K.); (H.-G.J.); (Y.-E.K.); (S.-C.K.)
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (E.M.H.)
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea; (A.K.); (H.-G.J.); (Y.-E.K.); (S.-C.K.)
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.L.); (E.M.H.)
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Cao Z, Wang Y, Long Z, He G. Interaction between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:1087-1095. [PMID: 31609412 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a metabolic pathway that plays an important role in maintaining the dynamic balance of cells, has two types, i.e. non-selective autophagy and selective autophagy. The role of non-selective autophagy is primarily to allow cells to circulate nutrients in an energy-limited environment, while selective autophagy primarily cleans up the organelles inside the cells to maintain the cell structure. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an innate immune response produced by the organism that can promote the secretion of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 through caspase-1 activation and resist the damage of some pathogens. However, when the NLRP3 inflammasome is overactivated, it can cause various inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Many previous studies have shown that autophagy can inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, while in recent years, new studies have found that autophagy can also promote the NLRP3 inflammasome in some cases, and the NLRP3 inflammasome can, in turn, affect autophagy. In this review, the interaction between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome is explored, and then the application of this interaction in disease treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yanhao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhimin Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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