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Saltan Çitoğlu G, Bahadır Acıkara Ö, Sever Yılmaz B, Özbek H. Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of lycorine from Sternbergia fisheriana (Herbert) Rupr. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Evdokimov NM, Lamoral-Theys D, Mathieu V, Andolfi A, Frolova LV, Pelly SC, van Otterlo WAL, Magedov IV, Kiss R, Evidente A, Kornienko A. In search of a cytostatic agent derived from the alkaloid lycorine: synthesis and growth inhibitory properties of lycorine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7252-61. [PMID: 22019045 PMCID: PMC3383042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As a continuation of our studies aimed at the development of a new cytostatic agent derived from an Amaryllidaceae alkaloid lycorine, we synthesized 32 analogues of this natural product. This set of synthetic analogues included compounds incorporating selective derivatization of the C1 versus C2 hydroxyl groups, aromatized ring C, lactamized N6 nitrogen, dihydroxylated C3-C3a olefin functionality, transposed olefin from C3-C3a to C2-C3 or C3a-C4, and C1 long-chain fatty esters. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activities in vitro in a panel of tumor cell lines including those exhibiting resistance to proapoptotic stimuli and representing solid cancers associated with dismal prognoses, such as melanoma, glioblastoma, and non-small-cell lung cancer. Most active analogues were not discriminatory between cancer cells displaying resistance or sensitivity to apoptosis, indicating that these compounds are thus able to overcome the intrinsic resistance of cancer cells to pro-apoptotic stimuli. 1,2-Di-O-allyllycorine was identified as a lycorine analogue, which is 100 times more potent against a U373 human glioblastoma model than the parent natural product. Furthermore, a number of synthetic analogues were identified as promising for the forthcoming in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai M. Evdokimov
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
| | - Delphine Lamoral-Theys
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Toxicologie et Chimie Physique Appliquée and Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Andolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze, del Suolo, della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Liliya V. Frolova
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
| | - Stephen C. Pelly
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Willem A. L. van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Igor V. Magedov
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento di Scienze, del Suolo, della Pianta, dell'Ambiente e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
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Giordani RB, de Andrade JP, Verli H, Dutilh JH, Henriques AT, Berkov S, Bastida J, Zuanazzi JAS. Alkaloids from Hippeastrum morelianum Lem. (Amaryllidaceae). MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2011; 49:668-672. [PMID: 21898585 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Amaryllidaceae family has proven to be a rich source of active molecules. As part of an ongoing project, we report a phytochemical study of Hippeastrum morelianum (Amaryllidaceae), from which we have isolated two homolycorine-type alkaloids, the new 2α,7-dimethoxyhomolycorine (1) and the poorly described candimine (2), as well as six known alkaloids: tazettine, pretazettine, 3-epimacronine, haemanthamine, hamayne and trisphaeridine. For reference purposes, the NMR of the isolated compounds was unequivocally described, based on 2D NMR measurements including (1)H-(1)H COSY, (1)H-(1)H NOESY, HSQC and HMBC.
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Schwartz BD, White LV, Banwell MG, Willis AC. Structure of the Lycorinine Alkaloid Nobilisitine A. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8560-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2016899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett D. Schwartz
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Lorenzo V. White
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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de Andrade JP, Berkov S, Viladomat F, Codina C, Zuanazzi JAS, Bastida J. Alkaloids from Hippeastrum papilio. Molecules 2011; 16:7097-104. [PMID: 21852767 PMCID: PMC6264239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16087097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galanthamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor marketed as a hydrobromide salt (Razadyne®, Reminyl®) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is obtained from Amaryllidaceae plants, especially those belonging to the genera Leucojum, Narcissus, Lycoris and Ungernia. The growing demand for galanthamine has prompted searches for new sources of this compound, as well as other bioactive alkaloids for the treatment of AD. In this paper we report the isolation of the new alkaloid 11β-hydroxygalanthamine, an epimer of the previously isolated alkaloid habranthine, which was identified using NMR techniques. It has been shown that 11β-hydroxygalanthamine has an important in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Additionally, Hippeastrum papilio yielded substantial quantities of galanthamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paulo de Andrade
- Departament de Products Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Strahil Berkov
- Departament de Products Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- AgroBioInstitute, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Francesc Viladomat
- Departament de Products Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Codina
- Departament de Products Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Angelo S. Zuanazzi
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Departament de Products Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +34 934020268
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Tan CX, Schrader KK, Mizuno CS, Rimando AM. Activity of lycorine analogues against the fish bacterial pathogen Flavobacterium columnare. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:5977-5985. [PMID: 21517109 DOI: 10.1021/jf200452z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In a continuing effort to discover natural products and natural product-based compounds for the control of columnaris disease in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), 17 lycorine analogues were synthesized, including new benzoyl analogues 6-16, and evaluated for antibacterial activity against two isolates (ALM-00-173 and BioMed) of Flavobacterium columnare using a rapid bioassay. Two of the lycorine analogues had greater antibacterial activity than 1-O-acetyllycorine, an analogue of lycorine evaluated previously that is highly active against both isolates. Carbamate analogue 18 (1S,2S,3a(1)S,12bS)-2,3a(1),4,5,7,12b-hexahydro-1H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-j]pyrrolo[3,2,1-de]phenanthridin-1,2-diylbis(o-tolylcarbamate) had the strongest antibacterial activity toward both F. columnare isolates ALM-00-173 and BioMed, with 24-h IC(50) values of 3.0 ± 1.3 and 3.9 ± 2.2 mg/L, respectively, and a MIC of 5.5 ± 0 mg/L for both isolates. Compound 18 appears to be the most promising lycorine analogue for future efficacy studies to determine its potential for use as an alternative to the currently used compounds to control columnaris disease in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xia Tan
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, P.O. Box 8048, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
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In vivo assessment of antiemetic drugs and mechanism of lycorine-induced nausea and emesis. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:1565-73. [PMID: 21626407 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lycorine is the main alkaloid of many Amaryllidaceae and known to cause poisoning with still unknown mechanisms. Longer lasting toxicological core symptoms of nausea and emesis may become a burden for human and animal patients and may result in substantial loss of water and electrolytes. To optimise the only empirical symptomatic antiemetic drug treatment at present, it is important to elucidate the causative involved targets of lycorine-induced emesis. Therefore, in the current study, we have tested the actions of a various antiemetic drugs with selective receptor affinities on lycorine-induced nausea and emesis in vivo in dogs. Beagle dogs were pre-treated in a saline vehicle-controlled crossover and random design with diphenhydramine, maropitant, metoclopramide, ondansetron or scopolamine prior lycorine administration (2 mg/kg subcutaneously). In vivo effects were assessed by a scoring system for nausea and emesis as well as by the number and lag time of emetic events for at least 3 h. Moreover, plasma pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out for ondansetron before and after lycorine injection. The data show that histaminergic (H₁), muscarinic and dopaminergic (D₂) receptors are presumably not involved in lycorine-induced emetic effects. While ondansetron significantly reduced the number of emetic events, lycorine-induced emesis was completely blocked by maropitant. Only ondansetron also significantly decreased the level of nausea and was able to prolong the lag time until onset of emesis suggesting a preferential participation of 5-HT₃ receptors in lycorine-induced nausea. Thus, it is the first in vivo report evidencing that predominantly neurokinin-1 (NK₁) and to a lesser extent 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT₃) receptors are involved in lycorine-induced emesis facilitating a target-oriented therapy.
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Giordani RB, Vieira PDB, Weizenmann M, Rosemberg DB, Souza AP, Bonorino C, De Carli GA, Bogo MR, Zuanazzi JA, Tasca T. Lycorine induces cell death in the amitochondriate parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis, via an alternative non-apoptotic death pathway. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:645-650. [PMID: 21324496 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanism of action of the pro-apoptotic alkaloid lycorine on an amitochondriate cell, the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, was investigated. The cytotoxicity of lycorine against T. vaginalis was studied from 2.5 to 1000μM and several important ultrastructural alterations were observed by electron microscopy. Lycorine arrested the T. vaginalis cell cycle, although no hallmarks of apoptosis, such as apoptotic bodies, were observed. Consequently, the underlying mechanism of action fails to completely fulfill the criteria for apoptosis. However, some similarities to paraptotic cell death were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Brandt Giordani
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Deng B, Ye L, Yin H, Liu Y, Hu S, Li B. Determination of pseudolycorine in the bulb of lycoris radiata by capillary electrophoresis combined with online electrochemiluminescence using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:927-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Berkov S, Romani S, Herrera M, Viladomat F, Codina C, Momekov G, Ionkova I, Bastida J. Antiproliferative alkaloids from Crinum zeylanicum. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1686-92. [PMID: 21442675 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Crinum zeylanicum is used in folk medicine as a rubefacient in rheumatism, a treatment for malaria or as a poison. Complex alkaloid profiles in C. zeylanicum plant organs were revealed by GC-MS analysis, including several bioactive compounds. Crinine, lycorine, 11-O-acetoxyambelline, ambelline, 6-hydroxybuphanidrine and 6-ethoxybuphanidrine (an artefact of the isolation procedure) were isolated. Crinine, 6-hydroxybuphanidrine and 6-ethoxybuphanidrine showed antiproliferative effects against human tumor cell lines, crinine being the most active (IC₅₀ 14.04 μM against HL-60/Dox). The latter compound induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in HL-60 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Structure-activity relationships in the studied molecules indicated that the hydrogenation of the double bond at C1-C2 leads to a loss of activity, whereas substitutions at C6, C8 and C11 affect their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Strahil Berkov
- Departament de Productes Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Two new alkaloids from Narcissus serotinus L. Molecules 2010; 15:7083-9. [PMID: 20948496 PMCID: PMC6259249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Amaryllidaceae family is well known for the presence of an exclusive group of alkaloids with a wide range of biological activities. Narcissus serotinus L. is a plant belonging to this family and its geographical distribution is mainly located along the Mediterranean coast. In the present work, specimens collected near Casablanca (Morocco) were used to study the alkaloid content of this species. Starting with 350 g of the whole plant we used standard extraction and purification procedures to obtain fractions and compounds for GC-MS and NMR analysis. As well as five known alkaloids, we isolated two new compounds: 1-O-(3´-acetoxybutanoyl)lycorine and narseronine. The latter has been previously published, but with an erroneous structure.
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Liu J, Hu JL, Shi BW, He Y, Hu WX. Up-regulation of p21 and TNF-alpha is mediated in lycorine-induced death of HL-60 cells. Cancer Cell Int 2010; 10:25. [PMID: 20682078 PMCID: PMC2924328 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-10-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leukemia is one of the most life-threatening cancers today, and acute promyelogenous leukemia (APL) is a common type of leukemia. Many natural compounds have already been found to exhibit significant anti-tumor effects. Lycorine, a natural alkaloid extracted from Amaryllidaceae, exhibited anti-leukemia effects in vitro and in vivo. The survival rate of HL-60 cells exposed to lycorine was decreased, cell growth was slowed down, and cell regeneration potential was inhibited. HL-60 cells exhibited typical apoptotic characteristic. Lycorine can suppress leukemia growth and reduce cell survival and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. The purpose of this work is to elucidate the mechanism by which lycorine induces APL cells. Results When HL-60 cells were treated with different concentration of lycorine, the expression of p21 and TNF-α was up-regulated in a concentration-dependent manner as shown by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Lycorine also down-regulated p21-related gene expression, including Cdc2, Cyclin B, Cdk2 and Cyclin E, promoted Bid truncation, decreased IκB phosphorylation and blocked NF-κB nuclear import. Cytochrome c was released from mitochondria as observed with confocal laser microscopy. Conclusions The TNF-α signal transduction pathway and p21-mediated cell-cycle inhibition were involved in the apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by lycorine. These results contribute to the development of new lycorine-based anti-leukemia drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Liang Hu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Wei Shi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan He
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Xin Hu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, People's Republic of China
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McNulty J, Nair JJ, Singh M, Crankshaw DJ, Holloway AC, Bastida J. Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inhibitory Activity Studies within the Lycorine series of Alkaloids. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A mini-panel of semi-synthetic analogs of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid lycorine was screened for cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitory activity, the most potent of which exhibited inhibition as low as 0.21 μM. Elements of this novel pharmacophore unravelled include bulky lipophilic substitution at C2 in conjunction with a small hydrogen bond donor/acceptor at C1, or bulky electron-rich substitution at C1 in conjunction with a vicinal hydrogen bond donor/acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McNulty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Jerald J. Nair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Denis J. Crankshaw
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Departament de Productes Naturals, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Hayden RE, Pratt G, Drayson MT, Bunce CM. Lycorine sensitizes CD40 ligand-protected chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to bezafibrate- and medroxyprogesterone acetate-induced apoptosis but dasatanib does not overcome reported CD40-mediated drug resistance. Haematologica 2010; 95:1889-96. [PMID: 20634492 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.027821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia accumulate in the periphery through the proliferation of a minority of cells in lymph nodes. The proliferative and survival signals in these proliferation centers include interactions with T lymphocytes expressing CD40 ligand. We have demonstrated that the low toxicity combination of bezafibrate and medroxyprogesterone acetate induces mitochondrial superoxide-mediated apoptosis of non-CD40-liganded cells but not of cells exposed to CD40 ligand. Here, we assessed the ability of dasatinib and lycorine to restore bezafibrate- and medroxyprogesterone acetate- induced apoptosis in cells exposed to CD40 ligand. In parallel experiments we compared the ability of dasatinib to induce apoptosis of cells co-treated with fludarabine. DESIGN AND METHODS Primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to drug combinations for 72 hours on control and CD40 ligand-expressing fibroblast monolayers. Cells were harvested and analyzed for apoptosis and levels of mitochondrial superoxide using flow cytometry. In some experiments cells were removed from CD40 ligand at 48 hours, retreated and analyzed after a further 24 hours. The effect of CD40 ligand and drug treatments on mitochondrial superoxide levels were assessed. RESULTS As previously described, dasatinib rendered cells sensitive to fludarabine but only when CD40 ligand was removed for the last 24 hours of culture. In contrast, lycorine restored the bezafibrate- and medroxyprogesterone acetate-induced apoptosis associated with mitochondrial superoxide even during continuous exposure to CD40 ligand. Furthermore, combined bezafibrate, medroxyprogesterone acetate and lycorine had little effect against normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells, whereas dasatinib with fludarabine induced high levels of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate the potential of bezafibrate, medroxyprogesterone acetate and lycorine as novel therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and have important implications for the reported potential of c-abl kinase inhibitors in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Hayden
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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McNulty J, Nair JJ, Little JRL, Brennan JD, Bastida J. Structure-activity studies on acetylcholinesterase inhibition in the lycorine series of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5290-4. [PMID: 20655219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of differentially functionalized analogs of the Amaryllidaceae alkaloid lycorine, accessed via a concise chemoselective silylation strategy, is described uncovering two of the most potent inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) identified to date in this series. Important elements of this novel pharmacophore were elucidated through structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McNulty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Cedrón JC, Gutiérrez D, Flores N, Ravelo AG, Estévez-Braun A. Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity of lycorine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:4694-701. [PMID: 20627737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty seven lycorine derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The best antiplasmodial activities were achieved with lycorine derivatives that present free hydroxyl groups at C-1 and C-2 or esterified as acetates or isobutyrates. The double bond C-2-C-3 is also important for the activity. Concerning to the antiplasmodial activity of the secolycorines, the higher values were obtained with the replacement of the methylenedioxy moiety by hydroxyl or acetate groups and with methyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Cedrón
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica 'Antonio González', Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna-Tenerife, Spain
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McNulty J, Nair JJ, Singh M, Crankshaw DJ, Holloway AC. Potent and selective inhibition of human cytochrome P450 3A4 by seco-pancratistatin structural analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2335-9. [PMID: 20189386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
seco-Derivatives of the anticancer agent pancratistatin bearing the 2S,3S,4S,5S configuration were accessed via a novel, highly diastereoselective anti-aldol reaction. Structure-activity relationships reveal important insights into the seco-pancratistatin pharmacophore as a potent and selective inhibitor of human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and highlight features of concern in advancing a potent, selective anticancer agent in the pancratistatin series.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McNulty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ont., Canada L8S 4M1.
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Structure-activity studies on seco-pancratistatin analogs: potent inhibitors of human cytochrome P450 3A4. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5607-12. [PMID: 19713107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two total syntheses of fully functionalized seco-analogs of the anticancer compound pancratistatin are reported. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies identified potent and selective inhibitors of human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and revealed several core pharmacophoric elements. These studies identify potential roadblocks and will guide the further development of a viable selective clinical pancratistatin derivative.
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