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Kashash Y, Doron-Faigenboim A, Holland D, Porat R. Effects of low-temperature conditioning and cold storage on development of chilling injuries and the transcriptome of ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate fruit. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Kashash
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce; ARO, the Volcani Center; P.O. Box 15159 Rishon LeZion 7528809 Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environment Sciences; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics; ARO, the Volcani Center; P.O. Box 6 Bet Dagan 50250 Israel
| | - Doron Holland
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences; ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center; P.O. Box 1021 Ramat Yishay 30095 Israel
| | - Ron Porat
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce; ARO, the Volcani Center; P.O. Box 15159 Rishon LeZion 7528809 Israel
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Sun X, Matus JT, Wong DCJ, Wang Z, Chai F, Zhang L, Fang T, Zhao L, Wang Y, Han Y, Wang Q, Li S, Liang Z, Xin H. The GARP/MYB-related grape transcription factor AQUILO improves cold tolerance and promotes the accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1749-1764. [PMID: 29385617 PMCID: PMC5888914 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a widely cultivated fruit crop whose growth and productivity are greatly affected by low temperatures. On the other hand, wild Vitis species represent valuable genetic resources of natural stress tolerance. We have isolated and characterized a MYB-like gene encoding a putative GARP-type transcription factor from Amur grape (V. amurensis) designated as VaAQUILO. AQUILO (AQ) is induced by cold in both V. amurensis and V. vinifera, and its overexpression results in significantly improved tolerance to cold both in transgenic Arabidopsis and in Amur grape calli. In Arabidopsis, the ectopic expression of VaAQ increased antioxidant enzyme activities and up-regulated reactive oxygen species- (ROS) scavenging-related genes. Comparative mRNA sequencing profiling of 35S:VaAQ Arabidopsis plants suggests that this transcription factor is related to phosphate homeostasis like their Arabidopsis closest homologues: AtHRS1 and AtHHO2. However, when a cold stress is imposed, AQ is tightly associated with the cold-responsive pathway and with the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), as observed by the up-regulation of galactinol synthase (GoLS) and raffinose synthase genes. Gene co-expression network (GCN) and cis-regulatory element (CRE) analyses in grapevine indicated AQ as potentially regulating VvGoLS genes. Increased RFO content was confirmed in both transgenic Arabidopsis and Amur grape calli overexpressing VaAQ. Taken together, our results imply that AQ improves cold tolerance through promoting the accumulation of osmoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darren Chern Jan Wong
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Zemin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fengmei Chai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Langlang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuepeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Haiping Xin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
- Correspondence: or
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53
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Zhang Y, Li Y, He Y, Hu W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Tang H. Identification of NADPH oxidase family members associated with cold stress in strawberry. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:593-605. [PMID: 29632812 PMCID: PMC5881550 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase is encoded by a small gene family (Respiratory burst oxidase homologs, Rbohs) and plays an important role in regulating various biological processes. However, little information about this gene family is currently available for strawberry. In this study, a total of seven Rboh genes were identified from strawberry through genomewide analysis. Gene structure analysis showed the number of exons ranged from 10 to 23, implying that this variation occurred in FvRboh genes by the insertion and distribution of introns; the order and approximate size of exons were relatively conserved. FvRbohC was predicted to localize to the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, while other members were computed to localize to the plasma membrane, indicating different functions. Amino acid sequence alignment, conserved domain, and motif analysis showed that all identified FvRbohs had typical features of plant Rbohs. Phylogenetic analysis of Rbohs from strawberry, grape, Arabidopsis, and rice suggested that the FvRbohs could be divided into five subgroups and showed a closer relationship with those from grape and Arabidopsis than those from rice. The expression patterns of FvRboh genes in root, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit revealed robust tissue specificity. The expression levels of FvRbohA and FvRbohD were quickly induced by cold stress, followed by an increase in NADPH oxidase activity, leading to O2− accumulation and triggering the antioxidant reaction by the transient increases in SOD activity. This suggested these two genes may be involved in cold stress and defense responses in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Yali Li
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Yuwei He
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China.,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
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54
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Liu T, Hu X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Du Q, Li J. H 2O 2 mediates ALA-induced glutathione and ascorbate accumulation in the perception and resistance to oxidative stress in Solanum lycopersicum at low temperatures. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:34. [PMID: 29448924 PMCID: PMC5815209 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low temperature is a crucial factor influencing plant growth and development. The chlorophyll precursor, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is widely used to improve plant cold tolerance. However, the interaction between H2O2 and cellular redox signaling involved in ALA-induced resistance to low temperature stress in plants remains largely unknown. Here, the roles of ALA in perceiving and regulating low temperature-induced oxidative stress in tomato plants, together with the roles of H2O2 and cellular redox states, were characterized. RESULTS Low concentrations (10-25 mg·L- 1) of ALA enhanced low temperature-induced oxidative stress tolerance of tomato seedlings. The most effective concentration was 25 mg·L- 1, which markedly increased the ratio of reduced glutathione and ascorbate (GSH and AsA), and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase. Furthermore, gene expression of respiratory burst oxidase homolog1 and H2O2 content were upregulated with ALA treatment under normal conditions. Treatment with exogenous H2O2, GSH, and AsA also induced plant tolerance to oxidative stress at low temperatures, while inhibition of GSH and AsA syntheses significantly decreased H2O2-induced oxidative stress tolerance. Meanwhile, scavenging or inhibition of H2O2 production weakened, but did not eliminate, GSH- or AsA- induced tomato plant tolerance to oxidative stress at low temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate concentrations of ALA alleviated the low temperature-induced oxidative stress in tomato plants via an antioxidant system. The most effective concentration was 25 mg·L- 1. The results showed that H2O2 induced by exogenous ALA under normal conditions is crucial and may be the initial step for perception and signaling transmission, which then improves the ratio of GSH and AsA. GSH and AsA may then interact with H2O2 signaling, resulting in enhanced antioxidant capacity in tomato plants at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Junheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Qingjie Du
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Jianming Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
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Li X, Wei JP, Scott ER, Liu JW, Guo S, Li Y, Zhang L, Han WY. Exogenous Melatonin Alleviates Cold Stress by Promoting Antioxidant Defense and Redox Homeostasis in Camellia sinensis L. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010165. [PMID: 29342935 PMCID: PMC6017414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented early spring frost that appears as a cold stress adversely affects growth and productivity in tea (Camellia sinensis L.); therefore, it is indispensable to develop approaches to improve the cold tolerance of tea. Here, we investigated the effect of pretreatment with exogenous melatonin on the net photosynthetic rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, antioxidant potential, and redox homeostasis in leaves of tea plants following cold stress. Our results revealed that cold treatment induced oxidative stress by increasing ROS accumulation, which in turn affected the photosynthetic process in tea leaves. However, treatment with melatonin mitigated cold-induced reductions in photosynthetic capacity by reducing oxidative stress through enhanced antioxidant potential and redox homeostasis. This study provides strong evidence that melatonin could alleviate cold-induced adverse effects in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Ji-Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Eric R Scott
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Fuyang District, 118 Guihua West Road, Hangzhou 330183, China.
| | - Shuai Guo
- Hangzhou Botanical Garden, 1 Taoyuanling, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Wen-Yan Han
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 9 Meiling Road, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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56
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Wang W, Wang X, Huang M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai T, Cao W, Jiang D. Hydrogen Peroxide and Abscisic Acid Mediate Salicylic Acid-Induced Freezing Tolerance in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1137. [PMID: 30123235 PMCID: PMC6085453 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) can induce plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses through cross talk with other signaling molecules, whereas the interaction between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and abscisic acid (ABA) in response to SA signal is far from clear. Here, we focused on the roles and interactions of H2O2 and ABA in SA-induced freezing tolerance in wheat plants. Exogenous SA pretreatment significantly induced freezing tolerance of wheat via maintaining relatively higher dark-adapted maximum photosystem II quantum yield, electron transport rates, less cell membrane damage. Exogenous SA induced the accumulation of endogenous H2O2 and ABA. Endogenous H2O2 accumulation in the apoplast was triggered by both cell wall peroxidase and membrane-linked NADPH oxidase. The pharmacological study indicated that pretreatment with dimethylthiourea (H2O2 scavenger) completely abolished SA-induced freezing tolerance and ABA synthesis, while pretreatment with fluridone (ABA biosynthesis inhibitor) reduced H2O2 accumulation by inhibiting NADPH oxidase encoding genes expression and partially counteracted SA-induced freezing tolerance. These findings demonstrate that endogenous H2O2 and ABA signaling may form a positive feedback loop to mediate SA-induced freezing tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao Wang
- *Correspondence: Xiao Wang, ; Dong Jiang,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong Jiang
- *Correspondence: Xiao Wang, ; Dong Jiang,
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57
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Hossain MA, Li ZG, Hoque TS, Burritt DJ, Fujita M, Munné-Bosch S. Heat or cold priming-induced cross-tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants: key regulators and possible mechanisms. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:399-412. [PMID: 28776104 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants growing under field conditions are constantly exposed, either simultaneously or sequentially, to more than one abiotic stress factor. Plants have evolved sophisticated sensory systems to perceive a number of stress signals that allow them to activate the most adequate response to grow and survive in a given environment. Recently, cross-stress tolerance (i.e. tolerance to a second, strong stress after a different type of mild primary stress) has gained attention as a potential means of producing stress-resistant crops to aid with global food security. Heat or cold priming-induced cross-tolerance is very common in plants and often results from the synergistic co-activation of multiple stress signalling pathways, which involve reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive carbonyl species (RCS), plant hormones and transcription factors. Recent studies have shown that the signalling functions of ROS, RNS and RCS, most particularly hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide (NO) and methylglyoxal (MG), provide resistance to abiotic stresses and underpin cross-stress tolerance in plants by modulating the expression of genes as well as the post-translational modification of proteins. The current review highlights the key regulators and mechanisms underlying heat or cold priming-induced cross-stress tolerance in plants, with a focus on ROS, MG and NO signalling, as well as on the role of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems, osmolytes, heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and hormones. Our aim is also to provide a comprehensive idea on the topic for researchers using heat or cold priming-induced cross-tolerance as a mechanism to improve crop yields under multiple abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Anwar Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Zhong-Guang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Tahsina Sharmin Hoque
- Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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58
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Wang W, Wang X, Huang M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai T, Cao W, Jiang D. Hydrogen Peroxide and Abscisic Acid Mediate Salicylic Acid-Induced Freezing Tolerance in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1137. [PMID: 30123235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01137/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) can induce plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses through cross talk with other signaling molecules, whereas the interaction between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and abscisic acid (ABA) in response to SA signal is far from clear. Here, we focused on the roles and interactions of H2O2 and ABA in SA-induced freezing tolerance in wheat plants. Exogenous SA pretreatment significantly induced freezing tolerance of wheat via maintaining relatively higher dark-adapted maximum photosystem II quantum yield, electron transport rates, less cell membrane damage. Exogenous SA induced the accumulation of endogenous H2O2 and ABA. Endogenous H2O2 accumulation in the apoplast was triggered by both cell wall peroxidase and membrane-linked NADPH oxidase. The pharmacological study indicated that pretreatment with dimethylthiourea (H2O2 scavenger) completely abolished SA-induced freezing tolerance and ABA synthesis, while pretreatment with fluridone (ABA biosynthesis inhibitor) reduced H2O2 accumulation by inhibiting NADPH oxidase encoding genes expression and partially counteracted SA-induced freezing tolerance. These findings demonstrate that endogenous H2O2 and ABA signaling may form a positive feedback loop to mediate SA-induced freezing tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Wang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Huang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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59
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Si T, Wang X, Zhao C, Huang M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai T, Jiang D. The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Mediating the Mechanical Wounding-Induced Freezing Tolerance in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:327. [PMID: 29593774 PMCID: PMC5861560 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemic wound response (SWR), a well-characterized systemic signaling response, plays crucial roles in plant defense responses. Progress in understanding of the SWR in abiotic stress has also been aided by the researchers. However, the function of SWR in freezing stress remains elusive. In this study, we showed that local mild mechanical wounding enhanced freezing tolerance in newly occurred systemic leaves of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Wounding significantly increased the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, net photosynthetic rate, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes under freezing stress. Wounding also alleviated freezing-induced chlorophyll decomposition, electrolyte leakage, water lose, and membrane peroxidation. In addition, wounding-induced freezing stress mitigation was closely associated with the ratio between reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and the ratio between ascorbate (AsA) and dehydroascorbate (DHA), as well as the contents of total soluble sugars and free amino acids. Importantly, pharmacological study showed that wounding-induced freezing tolerance was substantially arrested by pretreatment of wheat leaves with the scavenger of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (RBOH). These results support the hypothesis that local mechanical wounding-induced SWR in newly occurred leaves is largely attributed to RBOH-dependent H2O2 production, which may subsequently induce freezing tolerance in wheat plants. This mechanism may have a potential application to reduce the yield losses of wheat under late spring freezing conditions. Highlights: In our previous research, we found that local mechanical wounding could induce freezing tolerance in the upper systemic leaves of wheat plants. Surprisingly, in this paper, we further demonstrated that local mechanical wounding could also increase freezing resistance in newly occurred leaves of wheat plants. RBOH mediated H2O2 and ascorbate-glutathione cycle participate in this systemic wound response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Si
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mei Huang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Cai, Dong Jiang,
| | - Qin Zhou
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Cai, Dong Jiang,
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60
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Lv X, Ge S, Jalal Ahammed G, Xiang X, Guo Z, Yu J, Zhou Y. Crosstalk between Nitric Oxide and MPK1/2 Mediates Cold Acclimation-induced Chilling Tolerance in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1963-1975. [PMID: 29036450 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The participation of nitric oxide (NO) in the responses of plants towards biotic and abiotic stresses is well established. However, the mechanism involved particularly in cold acclimation-induced chilling tolerance remains elusive. Here we show the cold acclimation induced-chilling tolerance was associated with inductions of nitrate reductase (NR)-dependent NO production, S-nitrosylated glutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity and mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK1/2 activation in tomato plants. Silencing of NR resulted in decreased GSNOR activity and MPK1/2 activation, which subsequently compromised cold acclimation-induced chilling tolerance. By contrast, silencing of GSNOR caused decreased NR activity, increased NO accumulation and MPK1/2 activation, and enhanced cold acclimation-induced chilling tolerance. Furthermore, co-silencing of MPK1 and MPK2 attenuated the NR-dependent NO production and cold acclimation-induced tolerance to chilling. Results from present study suggest the importance of MPK1/2 for the induction of NR-dependent NO generation, while the accumulation of nitrosylated glutathione from NO-derived reactive nitrogen species could potentially S-nitrosylate NR. These findings provide new insight into the crosstalk of NO and MPK1/2 in cold acclimation-induced chilling tolerance in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhang Lv
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shibei Ge
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xun Xiang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
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61
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Wang L, Zhao R, Zheng Y, Chen L, Li R, Ma J, Hong X, Ma P, Sheng J, Shen L. SlMAPK1/2/3 and Antioxidant Enzymes Are Associated with H 2O 2-Induced Chilling Tolerance in Tomato Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6812-6820. [PMID: 28692266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) acts as a signaling molecule in response to cold stress. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and C-repeat/dehydration-responsive factor (CBF) play important roles in cold response regulation. To investigate the roles of MAPKs and CBF in H2O2-induced chilling tolerance, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig) plants were treated with 1 mM H2O2 before chilling treatment. The results showed that H2O2 treatment protected subcellular structure, increased concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin riboside (ZR), and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), but decreased the concentration of gibberellic acid (GA3). Furthermore, 1 mM H2O2 treatment enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Meanwhile, relative expressions of SlMAPK1/2/3 and SlCBF1 in H2O2-treated plants were higher than those in the control. Our findings suggest that H2O2 treatment might enhance the chilling tolerance of tomato plants by activating SlMAPK1/2/3 and SlCBF1 gene expression and by regulating phytohormone concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junfei Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaofeng Hong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Peihua Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, China
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62
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Size effects of chitooligomers with certain degrees of polymerization on the chilling tolerance of wheat seedlings. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 160:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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63
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Podgórska A, Burian M, Szal B. Extra-Cellular But Extra-Ordinarily Important for Cells: Apoplastic Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1353. [PMID: 28878783 PMCID: PMC5572287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), by their very nature, are highly reactive, and it is no surprise that they can cause damage to organic molecules. In cells, ROS are produced as byproducts of many metabolic reactions, but plants are prepared for this ROS output. Even though extracellular ROS generation constitutes only a minor part of a cell's total ROS level, this fraction is of extraordinary importance. In an active apoplastic ROS burst, it is mainly the respiratory burst oxidases and peroxidases that are engaged, and defects of these enzymes can affect plant development and stress responses. It must be highlighted that there are also other less well-known enzymatic or non-enzymatic ROS sources. There is a need for ROS detoxification in the apoplast, and almost all cellular antioxidants are present in this space, but the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the concentration of low-mass antioxidants is very low. The low antioxidant efficiency in the apoplast allows ROS to accumulate easily, which is a condition for ROS signaling. Therefore, the apoplastic ROS/antioxidant homeostasis is actively engaged in the reception and reaction to many biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bożena Szal
- *Correspondence: Bożena Szal, Anna Podgórska,
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64
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Cui W, Zhu D, Shen W, Mei Y, Hu D, Shi Y, Ren Y, Shen W, Gu Q, Xu D, Huang L. Hydrogen Peroxide Is Involved in β-Cyclodextrin-hemin Complex-Induced Lateral Root Formation in Tomato Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1445. [PMID: 28868064 PMCID: PMC5563380 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although previous results showed that β-cyclodextrin-hemin complex (β-CDH) could induce tomato lateral root (LR) formation, the corresponding downstream messengers are still not fully understood. In this report, similar to the inducing effects of exogenously applied hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we discovered that β-CDH elicited RBOH1 transcript upregulation, endogenous H2O2 accumulation, and thereafter tomato LR development. Above responses were sensitive to dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and ascorbic acid (AsA), two membrane-permeable scavengers of H2O2, showing that accumulation of H2O2 and LR formation were significantly blocked. The test with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI; the inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) revealed that H2O2 mainly produced by NADPH oxidase, might be involved in LR formation triggered by β-CDH. qPCR combined with pharmacological and anatomical analyses showed that β-CDH-modulated several marker genes responsible for LR formation, such as CYCA3;1, CYCA2;1, CYCD3;1, and CDKA1 (four cell cycle regulatory genes), ARF7 and RSI-1 (two auxin signaling genes), LAX3 (an auxin influx carrier), IAA14 (encoding a member of the Aux/IAA protein family), PIN3 and PIN7 (two auxin efflux carriers), isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase 1, and L-ascorbate oxidase homolog genes (two reactive oxygen species-associated genes and one LR formation-related gene), were causally related to above H2O2 signaling. Particularly, representative proteins related to H2O2 metabolism and lateral rooting, were specifically induced in β-CDH-treated tomato seedlings. Overall, the results clearly suggested a vital role of H2O2 in the β-CDH-induced tomato LR formation, and β-CDH-elicited H2O2-related target proteins responsible for LR formation might be, at least partially, regulated at transcriptional and translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiti Cui
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yudong Mei
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Dekun Hu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yujian Shi
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yong Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Quan Gu
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Daokun Xu
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Liqin Huang
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqin Huang,
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65
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Si T, Wang X, Wu L, Zhao C, Zhang L, Huang M, Cai J, Zhou Q, Dai T, Zhu JK, Jiang D. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Mediate Wounding-Induced Freezing Tolerance through Modifications in Photosystem and Antioxidant System in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1284. [PMID: 28769973 PMCID: PMC5515872 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical wounding is a common stress caused by herbivores or manual and natural manipulations, whereas its roles in acclimation response to a wide spectrum of abiotic stresses remain unclear. The present work showed that local mechanical wounding enhanced freezing tolerance in untreated systemic leaves of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.), and meanwhile the signal molecules hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) were accumulated systemically. Pharmacological study showed that wounding-induced NO synthesis was substantially arrested by pretreatment with scavengers of reactive oxygen species and an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (respiratory burst oxidase homolog, RBOH). On the contrary, wounding-induced H2O2 accumulation was not sensitive to NO synthetic inhibitors or scavenger, indicating that H2O2 acts upstream of NO in wounding signal transduction pathways. Cytochemical and vascular tissues localizations approved that RBOH-dependent H2O2 acts as long-distance signal in wounding response. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 279 genes were up-regulated in plants treated with wounding and freezing, but not in plants treated with freezing alone. Importantly, freezing- and wounding-induced genes were significantly enriched in the categories of "photosynthesis" and "signaling." These results strongly supported that primary mechanical wounding can induce freezing tolerance in wheat through the systemic accumulation of NO and H2O2, and further modifications in photosystem and antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Si
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West LafayetteIN, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Lin Wu
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West LafayetteIN, United States
| | - Lini Zhang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Mei Huang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jian Cai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Cai, Dong Jiang,
| | - Qin Zhou
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Tingbo Dai
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West LafayetteIN, United States
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Cai, Dong Jiang,
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66
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John R, Anjum NA, Sopory SK, Akram NA, Ashraf M. Some key physiological and molecular processes of cold acclimation. BIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 60:603-618. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10535-016-0648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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67
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Wang Y, Li X, Li J, Bao Q, Zhang F, Tulaxi G, Wang Z. Salt-induced hydrogen peroxide is involved in modulation of antioxidant enzymes in cotton. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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68
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Barrero-Gil J, Huertas R, Rambla JL, Granell A, Salinas J. Tomato plants increase their tolerance to low temperature in a chilling acclimation process entailing comprehensive transcriptional and metabolic adjustments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2303-18. [PMID: 27411783 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is a major environmental stress that seriously compromises plant development, distribution and productivity. Most crops are from tropical origin and, consequently, chilling sensitive. Interestingly, however, some tropical plants, are able to augment their chilling tolerance when previously exposed to suboptimal growth temperatures. Yet, the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying this adaptive process, termed chilling acclimation, still remain practically unknown. Here, we demonstrate that tomato plants can develop a chilling acclimation response, which includes comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolic adjustments leading to increased chilling tolerance. More important, our results reveal strong resemblances between this response and cold acclimation, the process whereby plants from temperate regions raise their freezing tolerance after exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures. Both chilling and cold acclimation are regulated by a similar set of transcription factors and hormones, and share common defence mechanisms, including the accumulation of compatible solutes, the mobilization of antioxidant systems and the rearrangement of the photosynthetic machinery. Nonetheless, we have found some important divergences that may account for the freezing sensitivity of tomato plants. The data reported in this manuscript should foster new research into the chilling acclimation response with the aim of improving tomato tolerance to low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Barrero-Gil
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Huertas
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luís Rambla
- Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Lab, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Plant Genomics and Biotechnology Lab, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Salinas
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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69
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Saxena I, Srikanth S, Chen Z. Cross Talk between H2O2 and Interacting Signal Molecules under Plant Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:570. [PMID: 27200043 PMCID: PMC4848386 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that oxidative stress is an important cause of cellular damage. During stress conditions, plants have evolved regulatory mechanisms to adapt to various environmental stresses. One of the consequences of stress is an increase in the cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species, which is subsequently converted to H2O2. H2O2 is continuously produced as the byproduct of oxidative plant aerobic metabolism. Organelles with a high oxidizing metabolic activity or with an intense rate of electron flow, such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, or peroxisomes are major sources of H2O2 production. H2O2 acts as a versatile molecule because of its dual role in cells. Under normal conditions, H2O2 immerges as an important factor during many biological processes. It has been established that it acts as a secondary messenger in signal transduction networks. In this review, we discuss potential roles of H2O2 and other signaling molecules during various stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhong Chen
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
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70
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Saxena I, Srikanth S, Chen Z. Cross Talk between H2O2 and Interacting Signal Molecules under Plant Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:570. [PMID: 27200043 DOI: 10.3389/ffpls.2016.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that oxidative stress is an important cause of cellular damage. During stress conditions, plants have evolved regulatory mechanisms to adapt to various environmental stresses. One of the consequences of stress is an increase in the cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species, which is subsequently converted to H2O2. H2O2 is continuously produced as the byproduct of oxidative plant aerobic metabolism. Organelles with a high oxidizing metabolic activity or with an intense rate of electron flow, such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, or peroxisomes are major sources of H2O2 production. H2O2 acts as a versatile molecule because of its dual role in cells. Under normal conditions, H2O2 immerges as an important factor during many biological processes. It has been established that it acts as a secondary messenger in signal transduction networks. In this review, we discuss potential roles of H2O2 and other signaling molecules during various stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Saxena
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sandhya Srikanth
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhong Chen
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
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71
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Farnese FS, Menezes-Silva PE, Gusman GS, Oliveira JA. When Bad Guys Become Good Ones: The Key Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide in the Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:471. [PMID: 27148300 PMCID: PMC4828662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The natural environment of plants is composed of a complex set of abiotic stresses and their ability to respond to these stresses is highly flexible and finely balanced through the interaction between signaling molecules. In this review, we highlight the integrated action between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), particularly nitric oxide (NO), involved in the acclimation to different abiotic stresses. Under stressful conditions, the biosynthesis transport and the metabolism of ROS and NO influence plant response mechanisms. The enzymes involved in ROS and NO synthesis and scavenging can be found in different cells compartments and their temporal and spatial locations are determinant for signaling mechanisms. Both ROS and NO are involved in long distances signaling (ROS wave and GSNO transport), promoting an acquired systemic acclimation to abiotic stresses. The mechanisms of abiotic stresses response triggered by ROS and NO involve some general steps, as the enhancement of antioxidant systems, but also stress-specific mechanisms, according to the stress type (drought, hypoxia, heavy metals, etc.), and demand the interaction with other signaling molecules, such as MAPK, plant hormones, and calcium. The transduction of ROS and NO bioactivity involves post-translational modifications of proteins, particularly S-glutathionylation for ROS, and S-nitrosylation for NO. These changes may alter the activity, stability, and interaction with other molecules or subcellular location of proteins, changing the entire cell dynamics and contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis. However, despite the recent advances about the roles of ROS and NO in signaling cascades, many challenges remain, and future studies focusing on the signaling of these molecules in planta are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S. Farnese
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio VerdeGoiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo E. Menezes-Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio VerdeGoiás, Brazil
| | - Grasielle S. Gusman
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry, Univiçosa – Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da SaúdeViçosa, Brazil
| | - Juraci A. Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosa, Brazil
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72
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Khan MIR, Khan NA, Masood A, Per TS, Asgher M. Hydrogen Peroxide Alleviates Nickel-Inhibited Photosynthetic Responses through Increase in Use-Efficiency of Nitrogen and Sulfur, and Glutathione Production in Mustard. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:44. [PMID: 26870064 PMCID: PMC4737889 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The response of two mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivars differing in photosynthetic capacity to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or nickel (Ni) was evaluated. Further, the effect of H2O2 on photosynthetic responses of the mustard cultivars grown with or without Ni stress was studied. Application of 50 μM H2O2 increased photosynthesis and growth more prominently in high photosynthetic capacity cultivar (Varuna) than low photosynthetic capacity cultivar (RH30) grown without Ni stress. The H2O2 application also resulted in alleviation of photosynthetic inhibition induced by 200 mg Ni kg(-1) soil through increased photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE), sulfur-use efficiency (SUE), and glutathione (GSH) reduced production together with decreased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage in both the cultivars. However, the effect of H2O2 was more pronounced in Varuna than RH30. The greater increase in photosynthetic-NUE and SUE and GSH production with H2O2 in Varuna resulted from higher increase in activity of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) assimilation enzymes, nitrate reductase and ATP-sulfurylase, respectively resulting in enhanced N and S assimilation. The increased N and S content contributed to the higher activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase under Ni stress. Application of H2O2 also regulated PS II activity and stomatal movement under Ni stress for maintaining higher photosynthetic potential in Varuna. Thus, H2O2 may be considered as a potential signaling molecule for augmenting photosynthetic potential of mustard plants under optimal and Ni stress conditions. It alleviates Ni stress through the regulation of stomatal and non-stomotal limitations, and photosynthetic-NUE and -SUE and GSH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. R. Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, India
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73
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The effects of cold-hardening and Microdochium nivale infection on oxidative stress and antioxidative protection of the two contrasting genotypes of winter triticale. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-015-2630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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74
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Saxena I, Srikanth S, Chen Z. Cross Talk between H2O2 and Interacting Signal Molecules under Plant Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:570. [PMID: 27200043 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00570/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that oxidative stress is an important cause of cellular damage. During stress conditions, plants have evolved regulatory mechanisms to adapt to various environmental stresses. One of the consequences of stress is an increase in the cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species, which is subsequently converted to H2O2. H2O2 is continuously produced as the byproduct of oxidative plant aerobic metabolism. Organelles with a high oxidizing metabolic activity or with an intense rate of electron flow, such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, or peroxisomes are major sources of H2O2 production. H2O2 acts as a versatile molecule because of its dual role in cells. Under normal conditions, H2O2 immerges as an important factor during many biological processes. It has been established that it acts as a secondary messenger in signal transduction networks. In this review, we discuss potential roles of H2O2 and other signaling molecules during various stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Saxena
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sandhya Srikanth
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhong Chen
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
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75
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Subramanian P, Mageswari A, Kim K, Lee Y, Sa T. Psychrotolerant Endophytic Pseudomonas sp. Strains OB155 and OS261 Induced Chilling Resistance in Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) by Activation of Their Antioxidant Capacity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:1073-81. [PMID: 26075827 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-15-0021-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies on chilling stress damage and its mitigation through microorganisms in members of family Solanaceae is limited, despite their economic importance. We studied chilling stress alleviation in tomato plants colonized by psychrotolerant bacterial strains Pseudomonas vancouverensis OB155-gfp and P. frederiksbergensis OS261-gfp. Log phase cultures of bacterial strains were coated on surface-sterilized seeds (bacterization) before sowing and nonbacterized (control) seeds were coated with sterile bacterial growth medium. All plants were grown at temperatures of 30 and 25°C and at the end of 4 weeks, chilling treatment (12 and 10°C) was imposed for 1 week on half of the bacterized and control plants. Under normal conditions (30 and 25°C), no significant difference was observed in antioxidant activity, proline accumulation, and expression of cold acclimation genes in tomato leaf tissues of both control and bacterized plants. However, plants exposed to temperatures of 12 and 10°C were found to decrease in robustness and nutrient uptake, accompanied by increased membrane damage. Chilling resistance in bacterized plants was evident from reduced membrane damage and reactive oxygen species levels, improved antioxidant activity in leaf tissues, and high expression of cold acclimation genes LeCBF1 and LeCBF3 compared with control plants. Confocal microscopy confirmed effective colonization and intercellular localization of cold-adapted bacterial strains OB155-gfp and OS261-gfp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiban Subramanian
- 1 Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Anbazhagan Mageswari
- 2 School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Kiyoon Kim
- 1 Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Lee
- 3 Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University
| | - Tongmin Sa
- 1 Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Hossain MA, Bhattacharjee S, Armin SM, Qian P, Xin W, Li HY, Burritt DJ, Fujita M, Tran LSP. Hydrogen peroxide priming modulates abiotic oxidative stress tolerance: insights from ROS detoxification and scavenging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:420. [PMID: 26136756 PMCID: PMC4468828 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly challenged by various abiotic stresses that negatively affect growth and productivity worldwide. During the course of their evolution, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to recognize external signals allowing them to respond appropriately to environmental conditions, although the degree of adjustability or tolerance to specific stresses differs from species to species. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2; superoxide, [Formula: see text]; hydroxyl radical, OH(⋅) and singlet oxygen, (1)O2) is enhanced under abiotic and/or biotic stresses, which can cause oxidative damage to plant macromolecules and cell structures, leading to inhibition of plant growth and development, or to death. Among the various ROS, freely diffusible and relatively long-lived H2O2 acts as a central player in stress signal transduction pathways. These pathways can then activate multiple acclamatory responses that reinforce resistance to various abiotic and biotic stressors. To utilize H2O2 as a signaling molecule, non-toxic levels must be maintained in a delicate balancing act between H2O2 production and scavenging. Several recent studies have demonstrated that the H2O2-priming can enhance abiotic stress tolerance by modulating ROS detoxification and by regulating multiple stress-responsive pathways and gene expression. Despite the importance of the H2O2-priming, little is known about how this process improves the tolerance of plants to stress. Understanding the mechanisms of H2O2-priming-induced abiotic stress tolerance will be valuable for identifying biotechnological strategies to improve abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. This review is an overview of our current knowledge of the possible mechanisms associated with H2O2-induced abiotic oxidative stress tolerance in plants, with special reference to antioxidant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Hossain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Saed-Moucheshi Armin
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz UniversityShiraz, Iran
| | - Pingping Qian
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka UniversityToyonaka, Japan
| | - Wang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | | | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa UniversityTakamatsu, Japan
| | - Lam-Son P. Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohama, Japan
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Gururani MA, Venkatesh J, Ganesan M, Strasser RJ, Han Y, Kim JI, Lee HY, Song PS. In Vivo Assessment of Cold Tolerance through Chlorophyll-a Fluorescence in Transgenic Zoysiagrass Expressing Mutant Phytochrome A. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127200. [PMID: 26010864 PMCID: PMC4444231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll-a fluorescence analysis provides relevant information about the physiology of plants growing under abiotic stress. In this study, we evaluated the influence of cold stress on the photosynthetic machinery of transgenic turfgrass, Zoysia japonica, expressing oat phytochrome A (PhyA) or a hyperactive mutant phytochrome A (S599A) with post-translational phosphorylation blocked. Biochemical analysis of zoysiagrass subjected to cold stress revealed reduced levels of hydrogen peroxide, increased proline accumulation, and enhanced specific activities of antioxidant enzymes compared to those of control plants. Detailed analyses of the chlorophyll-a fluorescence data through the so-called OJIP test exhibited a marked difference in the physiological status among transgenic and control plants. Overall, these findings suggest an enhanced level of cold tolerance in S599A zoysiagrass cultivars as reflected in the biochemical and physiological analyses. Further, we propose that chlorophyll-a fluorescence analysis using OJIP test is an efficient tool in determining the physiological status of plants under cold stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Anand Gururani
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690–756, South Korea
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbook 712–749, South Korea
| | - Jelli Venkatesh
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143–701, South Korea
| | - Markkandan Ganesan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690–756, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Reto Jörg Strasser
- Bioenergetics Laboratory, University of Geneva, Jussy, CH-1254, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yunjeong Han
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500–757, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500–757, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Yeon Lee
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690–756, South Korea
| | - Pill-Soon Song
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690–756, South Korea
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Zhou J, Jia F, Shao S, Zhang H, Li G, Xia X, Zhou Y, Yu J, Shi K. Involvement of nitric oxide in the jasmonate-dependent basal defense against root-knot nematode in tomato plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:193. [PMID: 25914698 PMCID: PMC4392611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) and nitric oxide (NO) are well-characterized signaling molecules in plant defense responses. However, their roles in plant defense against root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne incognita) infection are largely unknown. In this study, we found that the transcript levels of the JA- and NO-related biosynthetic and signaling component genes were induced after RKN infection. Application of exogenous JA and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; a NO donor) significantly decreased the number of egg masses in tomato roots after RKN infection and partially alleviated RKN-induced decreases in plant fresh weight and net photosynthetic rate. These molecules also alleviated RKN-induced increases in root electrolyte leakage and membrane peroxidation. Importantly, NO scavenger partially inhibited JA-induced RKN defense. The pharmacological inhibition of JA biosynthesis significantly increased the plants' susceptibility to RKNs, which was effectively alleviated by SNP application, showing that NO may be involved in the JA-dependent RKN defense pathway. Furthermore, both JA and SNP induced increases in protease inhibitor 2 (PI2) gene expression after RKN infestation. Silencing of PI2 compromised both JA- and SNP-induced RKN defense responses, suggesting that the PI2 gene mediates JA- and NO-induced defense against RKNs. This work will be important for deepening the understanding of the mechanisms involved in basal defense against RKN attack in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina
| | - Feifei Jia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina
| | - Shujun Shao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina
| | - Guiping Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, HangzhouChina
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina
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Yang YX, Wang MM, Yin YL, Onac E, Zhou GF, Peng S, Xia XJ, Shi K, Yu JQ, Zhou YH. RNA-seq analysis reveals the role of red light in resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in tomato plants. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:120. [PMID: 25765075 PMCID: PMC4349473 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants attenuate their responses to a variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens, leading to higher incidences of pathogen infection at night. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism responsible for the light-induced defence response; transcriptome data would likely facilitate the elucidation of this mechanism. RESULTS In this study, we observed diurnal changes in tomato resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pto DC3000), with the greatest susceptibility before midnight. Nightly light treatment, particularly red light treatment, significantly enhanced the resistance; this effect was correlated with increased salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and defence-related gene transcription. RNA-seq analysis revealed that red light induced a set of circadian rhythm-related genes involved in the phytochrome and SA-regulated resistance response. The biosynthesis and signalling pathways of multiple plant hormones (auxin, SA, jasmonate, and ethylene) were co-ordinately regulated following Pto DC3000 infection and red light, and the SA pathway was most significantly affected by red light and Pto DC3000 infection. This result indicates that SA-mediated signalling pathways are involved in red light-induced resistance to pathogens. Importantly, silencing of nonexpressor of pathogensis-related genes 1 (NPR1) partially compromised red light-induced resistance against Pto DC3000. Furthermore, sets of genes involved in redox homeostasis (respiratory burst oxidase homologue, RBOH; glutathione S-transferases, GSTs; glycosyltransferase, GTs), calcium (calmodulin, CAM; calmodulin-binding protein, CBP), and defence (polyphenol oxidase, PPO; nudix hydrolase1, NUDX1) as well as transcription factors (WRKY18, WRKY53, WRKY60, WRKY70) and cellulose synthase were differentially induced at the transcriptional level by red light in response to pathogen challenge. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that there is a diurnal change in susceptibility to Pto DC3000 with greatest susceptibility in the evening. The red light induced-resistance to Pto DC3000 at night is associated with enhancement of the SA pathway, cellulose synthase, and reduced redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Xin Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Zijingang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
- Philips Research China, No. 9 Lane 888 Tian Lin Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Ling Yin
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Zijingang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Eugen Onac
- Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
| | - Guo-Fu Zhou
- Philips Research Europe, High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, Netherlands.
| | - Sheng Peng
- Philips Research China, No. 9 Lane 888 Tian Lin Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Zijingang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Zijingang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
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Li X, Zhang H, Tian L, Huang L, Liu S, Li D, Song F. Tomato SlRbohB, a member of the NADPH oxidase family, is required for disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea and tolerance to drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 235:14-24. [PMID: 26157450 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs, Rbohs) are key enzymes that catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. In the present study, eight SlRboh genes were identified in tomato and their possible involvement in resistance to Botrytis cinerea and drought tolerance was examined. Expression of SlRbohs was induced by B. cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato but displayed distinct patterns. Virus-induced gene silencing based silencing of SlRbohB resulted in reduced resistance to B. cinerea but silencing of other SlRbohs did not affect the resistance. Compared to non-silenced plants, the SlRbohB-silenced plants accumulated more ROS and displayed attenuated expression of defense genes after infection with B. cinerea. Silencing of SlRbohB also suppressed flg22-induced ROS burst and the expression of SlLrr22, a marker gene related to PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Transient expression of SlRbohB in Nicotiana benthamiana led to enhanced resistance to B. cinerea. Furthermore, silencing of SlRbohB resulted in decreased drought tolerance, accelerated water loss in leaves and the altered expression of drought-responsive genes. Our data demonstrate that SlRbohB positively regulates the resistance to B. cinerea, flg22-induced PTI, and drought tolerance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
| | - Limei Tian
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
| | - Lei Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
| | - Shixia Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou China
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81
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Li X, Zhang H, Tian L, Huang L, Liu S, Li D, Song F. Tomato SlRbohB, a member of the NADPH oxidase family, is required for disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea and tolerance to drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:463. [PMID: 26157450 PMCID: PMC4477072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs, Rbohs) are key enzymes that catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. In the present study, eight SlRboh genes were identified in tomato and their possible involvement in resistance to Botrytis cinerea and drought tolerance was examined. Expression of SlRbohs was induced by B. cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato but displayed distinct patterns. Virus-induced gene silencing based silencing of SlRbohB resulted in reduced resistance to B. cinerea but silencing of other SlRbohs did not affect the resistance. Compared to non-silenced plants, the SlRbohB-silenced plants accumulated more ROS and displayed attenuated expression of defense genes after infection with B. cinerea. Silencing of SlRbohB also suppressed flg22-induced ROS burst and the expression of SlLrr22, a marker gene related to PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Transient expression of SlRbohB in Nicotiana benthamiana led to enhanced resistance to B. cinerea. Furthermore, silencing of SlRbohB resulted in decreased drought tolerance, accelerated water loss in leaves and the altered expression of drought-responsive genes. Our data demonstrate that SlRbohB positively regulates the resistance to B. cinerea, flg22-induced PTI, and drought tolerance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dayong Li
- *Correspondence: Dayong Li, National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China,
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Liu A, Chen S, Chang R, Liu D, Chen H, Ahammed GJ, Lin X, He C. Arbuscular mycorrhizae improve low temperature tolerance in cucumber via alterations in H2O2 accumulation and ATPase activity. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2014; 127:775-785. [PMID: 25160659 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-014-0657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and low temperature (LT) on cucumber plants were investigated with respect to biomass production, H2O2 accumulation, NADPH oxidase, ATPase activity and related gene expression. Mycorrhizal colonization ratio was gradually increased after AMF-inoculation. However, LT significantly decreased mycorrhizal colonization ability and mycorrhizal dependency. Regardless of temperature, the total fresh and dry mass, and root activity of AMF-inoculated plants were significantly higher than that of the non-AMF control. The H2O2 accumulation in AMF-inoculated roots was decreased by 42.44% compared with the control under LT. H2O2 predominantly accumulated on the cell walls of apoplast but was hardly detectable in the cytosol or organelles of roots. Again, NADPH oxidase activity involved in H2O2 production was significantly reduced by AMF inoculation under LT. AMF-inoculation remarkably increased the activities of P-type H(+)-ATPase, P-Ca(2+)-ATPase, V-type H(+)-ATPase, total ATPase activity, ATP concentration and plasma membrane protein content in the roots under LT. Additionally, ATP concentration and expression of plasma membrane ATPase genes were increased by AMF-inoculation. These results indicate that NADPH oxidase and ATPase might play an important role in AMF-mediated tolerance to chilling stress, thereby maintaining a lower H2O2 accumulation in the roots of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airong Liu
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
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83
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Vaculíková M, Vaculík M, Šimková L, Fialová I, Kochanová Z, Sedláková B, Luxová M. Influence of silicon on maize roots exposed to antimony - growth and antioxidative response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014. [PMID: 25201566 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-799963-0.00007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of antimony (Sb) raises a serious environmental problem. Although this non-essential element can be taken up by roots and accumulated in plant tissues in relatively high concentrations, there is still lack of knowledge about the effect of Sb on biochemical and metabolic processes in plants. It was shown that application of silicon (Si) can decrease the toxicity of other heavy metals and toxic elements in various plants. The aim of this study was to assess how Si influences the growth and antioxidative response of young Zea mays L. roots exposed to elevated concentrations of Sb. Antimony reduced the root growth and induced oxidative stress and activated antioxidant defense mechanisms in maize. Silicon addition to Sb treated roots decreased oxidative stress symptoms documented by lower lipid peroxidation, proline accumulation, and decreased activity of antioxidative enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.11; catalase, EC 1.11.1.6; and guaiacol peroxidase, EC 1.11.1.7). Although neither positive nor negative effect of Si has been observed on root length and biomass, changes in the oxidative response of plants exposed to Sb indicate a possible mitigation role of Si on Sb toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Vaculíková
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Šimková
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Fialová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kochanová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Sedláková
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Luxová
- Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
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84
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Zhou J, Wang J, Li X, Xia XJ, Zhou YH, Shi K, Chen Z, Yu JQ. H2O2 mediates the crosstalk of brassinosteroid and abscisic acid in tomato responses to heat and oxidative stresses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4371-83. [PMID: 24899077 PMCID: PMC4112640 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The production of H2O2 is critical for brassinosteroid (BR)- and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stress tolerance in plants. In this study, the relationship between BR and ABA in the induction of H2O2 production and their roles in response to heat and paraquat (PQ) oxidative stresses were studied in tomato. Both BR and ABA induced increases in RBOH1 gene expression, NADPH oxidase activity, apoplastic H2O2 accumulation, and heat and PQ stress tolerance in wild-type plants. BR could only induced transient increases in these responses in the ABA biosynthetic mutant notabilis (not), whereas ABA induced strong and prolonged increases in these responses in the BR biosynthetic mutant d (^im) compared with wild-type plants. ABA levels were reduced in the BR biosynthetic mutant but could be elevated by exogenous BR. Silencing of RBOH1 compromised BR-induced apoplastic H2O2 production, ABA accumulation, and PQ stress responses; however, ABA-induced PQ stress responses were largely unchanged in the RBOH1-silenced plants. BR induces stress tolerance involving a positive feedback mechanism in which BR induces a rapid and transient H2O2 production by NADPH oxidase. The process in turn triggers increased ABA biosynthesis, leading to further increases in H2O2 production and prolonged stress tolerance. ABA induces H2O2 production in both the apoplastic and chloroplastic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Zijingang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
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85
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Zhou J, Xia XJ, Zhou YH, Shi K, Chen Z, Yu JQ. RBOH1-dependent H2O2 production and subsequent activation of MPK1/2 play an important role in acclimation-induced cross-tolerance in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:595-607. [PMID: 24323505 PMCID: PMC3904713 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
H2O2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important functions in plant stress responses, but their roles in acclimation response remain unclear. This study examined the functions of H2O2 and MPK1/2 in acclimation-induced cross-tolerance in tomato plants. Mild cold, paraquat, and drought as acclimation stimuli enhanced tolerance to more severe subsequent chilling, photooxidative, and drought stresses. Acclimation-induced cross-tolerance was associated with increased transcript levels of RBOH1 and stress- and defence-related genes, elevated apoplastic H2O2 accumulation, increased activity of NADPH oxidase and antioxidant enzymes, reduced glutathione redox state, and activation of MPK1/2 in tomato. Virus-induced gene silencing of RBOH1, MPK1, and MPK2 or MPK1/2 all compromised acclimation-induced cross-tolerance and associated stress responses. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that acclimation-induced cross-tolerance is largely attributed to RBOH1-dependent H2O2 production at the apoplast, which may subsequently activate MPK1/2 to induce stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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86
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Shi X, Gupta S, Rashotte AM. Characterization of two tomato AP2/ERF genes, SlCRF1 and SlCRF2 in hormone and stress responses. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:35-45. [PMID: 24081612 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
SlCRF1 and SlCRF2 are expressed throughout the plant, prominently in vascular tissue. Each SlCRF has a distinct pattern of cytokinin induction and regulation by abiotic stresses in different organs. Cytokinin is an essential plant hormone involved in the regulation of many growth and developmental processes. While many cytokinin signaling pathway components have been well characterized, the cytokinin response factors (CRFs) that form a branch of this pathway are less well understood. This study examines the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum (L.)) CRF genes, SlCRF1 and SlCRF2 presenting a detailed and novel characterization of their developmental expression patterns, transcriptional regulation by hormones particularly cytokinin, and response to abiotic stresses. Both SlCRF1 and SlCRF2 were predominantly expressed in vasculature in tissues throughout the plant, with an overall trend for greater SlCRF2 expression in younger organs. Hormone regulation of SlCRF1 and SlCRF2 transcripts is primarily by cytokinin, which induced both SlCRFs in different organs over a range of developmental stages. The strongest cytokinin induction was found in leaves, with SlCRF2 induced to a higher level than SlCRF1. Examination of SlCRF transcripts during abiotic stress responses revealed that SlCRF1 and SlCRF2 have distinct patterns of regulation from each other and between leaves and roots. Novel connections between SlCRFs and stresses were found in particular including a strong induction of SlCRF1 by cold stress and a strong induction of SlCRF2 by oxidative stress in roots and unique patterns of induction/repression linking both SlCRFs to drought stress and response during recovery. Overall, this study provides a clear picture of SlCRF1 and SlCRF2 expression patterns across tissues during development and in response to cytokinin and specific stresses, indicating their importance in plant growth and environmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
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Krishnamurthy A, Rathinasabapathi B. Auxin and its transport play a role in plant tolerance to arsenite-induced oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1838-49. [PMID: 23489261 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of auxin in plant development is well known; however, its possible function in root response to abiotic stress is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role of auxin transport in plant tolerance to oxidative stress caused by arsenite. Plant response to arsenite [As(III)] was evaluated by measuring root growth and markers for stress on seedlings treated with control or As(III)-containing medium. Auxin transporter mutants aux1, pin1 and pin2 were significantly more sensitive to As(III) than the wild type (WT). Auxin transport inhibitors significantly reduced plant tolerance to As(III) in the WT, while exogenous supply of indole-3-acetic acid improved As(III) tolerance of aux1 and not that of WT. Uptake assays using H(3) -IAA showed As(III) affected auxin transport in WT roots. As(III) increased the levels of H2 O2 in WT but not in aux1, suggesting a positive role for auxin transport through AUX1 on plant tolerance to As(III) stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signalling. Compared to the WT, the mutant aux1 was significantly more sensitive to high-temperature stress and salinity, also suggesting auxin transport influences a common element shared by plant tolerance to arsenite, salinity and high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Krishnamurthy
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0690, USA
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