Synthesis, structural, thermal studies and biological activity of a tridentate Schiff base ligand and their transition metal complexes

Preparation and structure investigation of novel Schiff bases using spectroscopic, thermal analyses and molecular orbital calculations and studying their biological activities

Two novel Schiff's bases (EB1 and L1) as new macrocyclic compounds were prepared via condensation reactions between bisaldehyde (2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))dibenzaldehyde): firstly with hydrazine carbothioamide to give (EB1), secondly with 4,6-diaminopyrimidine-2-thiol to give (L1). EB1 has a general formula C₁₈H₂₀N₆O₂S₂ of mole mass=416.520, and IUPAC name ((N,N'Z,N,N'E)-N,N'-(((ethane1,2diylbis(oxy))bis(2,1phenylene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(1hydrazinylmethanethioamide). L1 has a general formula C₂₀H₁₆N₄O₂S of mole mass=376.10; and IUPAC name 1,2-bis(2-vinylphenoxy)ethane4,6-diaminopyrimidine-2-thiol). The structures of the compounds obtained were characterized based on elemental analysis, FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectra, mass, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG, DTG). The activation thermodynamic parameters, such as, ΔE(*), ΔH(*), ΔS(*) and ΔG(*) were calculated from the TG curves using Coats-Redfern method. It is important to investigate their structures to know the active groups and weak bond responsible for their biological activities. The obtained thermal (TA) and mass (MS) practical results are confirmed by semi-empirical MO-calculation using PM3 procedure, on the neutral and positively charged forms of these novel Schiff bases. Therefore, comparison between MS and TA helps in selection of the proper pathway representing the decomposition of these compounds to give indication about their structures and consequently their biological activities. Their biological activities have been tested in vitro against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillissubtilies and Staphylococcus aurous bacteria in order to assess their antimicrobial potential.

Transition metal complexes of a new 15-membered [N5] penta-azamacrocyclic ligand with their spectral and anticancer studies

Novel penta-azamacrocyclic 15-membered [N5] ligand [L] i.e. 1,5,8,12-tetetraaza-3,4: 9,10-dibenzo-6-ethyl-7-methyl-1,12-(2,6-pyrido)cyclopentadecan-5,7 diene-2,11-dione and its transition metal complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Ru(III) and Pd(II) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, spectral, thermal as well as magnetic and molar conductivity measurements. On basis of IR, MS, UV-Vis 1H NMR and EPR spectral studies an octahedral geometry has been proposed for all complexes except Co(II), Cu(II) nitrate complexes and Pd(II) chloride complex that adopt tetrahedral, square pyramidal and square planar geometries, respectively. The antitumor activity of the synthesized ligand and some complexes against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and human hepatocarcinoma cell lines (HepG2) has been studied. The complexes (IC50=2.04-9.7, 2.5-3.7 μg/mL) showed potent antitumor activity comparable with their ligand (IC50=11.7, 3.45 μg/mL) against the above mentioned cell lines, respectively. The results evidently show that the activity of the ligand becomes more pronounced and significant when coordinated to the metal ion.

Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of some novel 3-fluorosalicylaldehyde based amine derivatives

A series of biologically important substituted 3-fluorosalicylaldehyde derivatives (1a-h) with various primary amines were synthesized by using ionic liquid (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) as an efficient catalyst. A new series of Schiff base derivatives (1a-h) were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR ((1)H, (13)C, (1)H-(1)H COSY and HSQC), mass spectra and elemental analysis. Further crystal structure of compound 1a was evaluated by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. All the synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against a panel of selected bacterial and fungal strains using Streptomycin and Amphotericin B as standards. Most of the synthesized compounds demonstrated moderate effects on both antibacterial and antifungal activities at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's).

Synthesis, spectroscopic studies, molecular modeling and antimicrobial activity of binuclear Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes of 4,6-diacetylresorcinol

Reactions of 4,6-diacetylresorcinol with different cobalt(II) and copper(II) salts viz., OAc(-), Cl(-), NO3(-) and SO4(2-), yielded a new series of binuclear metal complexes. Reactions of the ligand with these metal ions in the presence of a secondary ligand (L') [O,O-donor; acetylacetone, N,O-donor; 8-hydroxyquinoline or N,N-donor; 1,10-phenanthroline and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine] in 1:2:2 (L:M:L') molar ratio yielded mixed-ligand complexes with different molar ratios. The metal complexes were characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, IR, electronic, ESR and mass spectra as well as conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The analytical and spectroscopic data suggested that the H2L ligand behaves as a neutral, monobasic or dibasic tetradentate ligand, depending on the type of the anion and secondary ligand used, through the two phenolic and two carbonyl groups. Electronic spectra, magnetic and conductivity measurements showed that all complexes are octahedral with non-electrolytic nature. The profile of ESR spectra of copper(II) complexes suggested the octahedral geometry and the spin Hamiltonian parameters of the complexes were calculated and discussed. Molecular orbital calculations were performed for metal complexes using Hyperchem 7.52 program on the bases of PM3 level and the results correlated with the experimental data. The free ligand and some of its metal complexes showed antimicrobial activity towards some of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast (Candida albicans) and fungus (Aspergillus fumigatus).

Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) new complexes of 5-aminosalicylic acid: spectroscopic, thermal characterization and biological activity studies

The complexing behavior of mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid; 5-ASA) towards the transition metal ions namely, Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) have been examined by elemental analyses, magnetic measurements, electronic, IR and (1)H NMR. Thermal properties and decomposition kinetics of all complexes are investigated. The interpretation, mathematical analyses and evaluation of kinetic parameters of all thermal decomposition stages have been evaluated using Coats-Redfern equation. The free ligand and its metal complexes have been tested in vitro against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans fungi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillis subtilies and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in order to assess their antimicrobial potential. The results indicate that the metal complexes are also found to have more antimicrobial activity than the parent 5-ASA drug.

Two tridentate Schiff base ligands and their mononuclear cobalt (III) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and antifungal activities

Two Schiff base ligands (HL1, HL2) and their Co(III) complexes, [Co(HL1)(L1)] (1) and [Co(HL2)(L2)] (2) [where HL1=2-((E)-(2-hydroxyethylimino)methyl)-4-chlorophenol and HL2=2-((E)-(2-hydroxyethylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol] were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic methods. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 have been re-determined by single crystal diffraction at 100K. The ligands and their Co(III) complexes were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities by the disc diffusion, microdilution broth and single spore culture techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the Co(III) complexes and the free ligands exhibit antimicrobial properties and the Co(III) complexes show enhanced inhibitory activity compared with their parent ligand.

Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of transition metal complexes with Schiff bases derived from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde with glycine and methionine

Schiff bases derived from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde with amino acids (glycine, methionine) and their Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by various physico-chemical techniques. From spectral studies, it has been concluded that the ligands acts as bidentate molecule, coordinates metal through azomethine nitrogen and carboxylate oxygen. Mass spectrum explains the successive degradation of the molecular species in solution and justifies ML(2) complexes. X-ray powder diffraction helps to determine the cell parameters of the complexes. Molecular structure of the complexes has been optimized by MM2 calculations and suggests a square planar geometry. The ligands and their metal complexes have been tested in vitro against Streptococcus, Staph, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherchia coli bacteria in order to assess their antibacterial potential. The results indicate that the biological activity increases on complexation.

Synthesis and characterization of some bi, tri and tetravalent transition metal complexes of N'-(furan-2-yl-methylene)-2-(p-tolylamino)acetohydrazide HL1 and N'-(thiophen-2-yl-methylene)-2-(p-tolylamino)acetohydrazide HL2

The tetradentate Schiff bases hydrazone ligands HL(1), HL(2) and their metal complexes have been prepared and characterized by analytical, spectral (IR, UV-vis, (1)H NMR and ESR), molar conductivity, magnetic and TGA measurements. The results show that all the metal complexes are non-electrolytes, except (2, 10 and 20) which have ionic nature. The ligands coordinate in keto-neutral form and act as bidentate or tridentate for all metal complexes, except complexes (4 and 12). The ligands react as monobasic tetradentate and tridentate for complexes (4 and 12), respectively. Octahedral/tetrahedral Co(II) and Ni(II), octahedral/square planar Cu(II), and octahedral Mn(II), Fe(III), Cr(III), Ru(III), Hf(IV) and Zr(IV)O geometries were proposed. The ESR spectra of copper complexes (12 and 14) indicate d(x2-y2) ground state with covalent bond character. The thermal decomposition and the types of crystallized water for some metal complexes were studied. The studied metal complexes are very weakly active against the tested microorganisms.

Ligational behaviour of lomefloxacin drug towards Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Th(IV) and UO(2)(VI) ions: synthesis, structural characterization and biological activity studies

Nine new mononuclear Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Th(IV) and UO(2)(VI) complexes of lomefloxacin drug were synthesized. The structures of these complexes were elucidated by elemental analyses, IR, XRD, UV-vis, (1)H NMR as well as conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements and thermal analyses. The dissociation constants of lomefloxacin and stability constants of its binary complexes have been determined spectrophotometrically in aqueous solution at 25±1°C and at 0.1 M KNO(3) ionic strength. The discussion of the outcome data of the prepared complexes indicate that the lomefloxacin ligand behaves as a neutral bidentate ligand through OO coordination sites and coordinated to the metal ions via the carbonyl oxygen and protonated carboxylic oxygen with 1:1 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry for all complexes. The molar conductance measurements proved that the complexes are electrolytes. The powder XRD study reflects the crystalline nature for the investigated ligand and its complexes except Mn(II), Zn(II) and UO(2)(II). The geometrical structures of these complexes are found to be octahedral. The thermal behaviour of these chelates is studied where the hydrated complexes lose water molecules of hydration in the first steps followed by decomposition of the anions, coordinated water and ligand molecules in the subsequent steps. The activation thermodynamic parameters are calculated using Coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger methods. A comparative study of the inhibition zones of the ligand and its metal complexes indicates that metal complexes exhibit higher antibacterial effect against one or more bacterial species than the free LFX ligand. The antifungal and anticancer activities were also tested. The antifungal effect of almost metal complexes is higher than the free ligand. LFX, [Co(LFX)(H(2)O)(4)]·Cl(2) and [Zn(LFX)(H(2)O)(4)]·Cl(2) were found to be very active with IC50 values 14, 11.2 and 43.1, respectively. While, other complexes had been found to be inactive at lower concentration than 100 μg/ml.

Synthesis, spectral and thermal studies of some transition metal mixed ligand complexes: modeling of equilibrium composition and biological activity

Several mixed ligand Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine (AHP) and imidazoles viz., imidazole (him), benzimidazole (bim), histamine (hist) and L-histidine (his) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental and spectral (vibrational, electronic, 1H NMR and EPR) data as well as by magnetic moment values. On the basis of elemental analysis and molar conductance values, all the complexes can be formulated as [MAB]Cl except histidine complexes as MAB. Thermogravimetric studies reveal the presence of coordinated water molecules in most of the complexes. From the magnetic measurements and electronic spectral data, octahedral structure was proposed for Ni(II) and Cu(II)-AHP-his, tetrahedral for Cu(II)-AHP-him/bim/hist, but square planar for the Cu(II)-AHP complex. The g∥/A∥ calculated supports tetrahedral environment around the Cu(II) in Cu(II)-AHP-him/bim/hist and distorted octahedral for Cu(II)-AHP-his complexes. The morphology of the reported metal complexes was investigated by scanning electron micrographs (SEM). The potentiometric study has been performed in aqueous solution at 37 °C and I=0.15 mol dm(-3) NaClO4. MABH, MAB and MAB2 species has been identified in the present systems. Proton dissociation constants of AHP and stability constants of metal complexes were determined using MINIQUAD-75. The most probable structure of the mixed ligand species is discussed based upon their stability constants. The in vitro biological activity of the complexes was tested against the Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, fungus and yeast. The oxidative DNA cleavage studies of the complexes were performed using gel electrophoresis method. Cu(II) complexes have been found to promote DNA cleavage in presence of biological reductant such as ascorbate and oxidant like hydrogen peroxide.

Synthesis, spectral, antimicrobial and antitumor assessment of Schiff base derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole and its transition metal complexes

N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylene)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine Schiff base (L) derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole and 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde was synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, IR, mass spectra, (1)H NMR and UV-vis spectra. Its complexes with Cu(II), Fe(III), Ni(II) and Zn(II) were prepared and isolated as solid products and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, spectral techniques as well as magnetic susceptibility. The IR spectra showed that the Schiff base under investigation behaves as bidentate ligand. The UV-vis spectra and magnetic moment data suggested octahedral geometry around Cu(II) and Fe(III) and tetrahedral geometry around Ni(II) and Zn(II). In view of the biological activity of the Schiff base and its complexes, it has been observed that the antimicrobial activity of the Schiff base increased on complexation with the metal ion. In vitro antitumor activity assayed against five human tumor cell lines furnished the significant toxicities of the Schiff base and its complexes.