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Ayana R, Singh S, Pati S. Decoding Crucial LncRNAs Implicated in Neurogenesis and Neurological Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:541-553. [PMID: 28095733 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unraveling transcriptional heterogeneity and the labyrinthine nature of neurodevelopment can probe insights into neuropsychiatric disorders. It is noteworthy that adult neurogenesis is restricted to the subventricular and subgranular zones of the brain. Recent studies suggest long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as an avant-garde class of regulators implicated in neurodevelopment. But, paucity exists in the knowledge regarding lncRNAs in neurogenesis and their associations with neurodevelopmental defects. To address this, we extensively reviewed the existing literature databases as well as performed relevant in-silico analysis. We utilized Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) differential search module and generated a catalogue of ∼30,000 transcripts specific to the neurogenic zones, including coding and non-coding transcripts. To explore the existing lncRNAs reported in neurogenesis, we performed extensive literature mining and identified 392 lncRNAs. These degenerate lncRNAs were mapped onto the ABA transcript list leading to detection of 20 lncRNAs specific to neurogenic zones (Dentate gyrus/Lateral ventricle), among which 10 showed associations to several neurodevelopmental disorders following in-silico mapping onto brain disease databases like Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative, AutDB, and lncRNADisease. Notably, using ABA correlation module, we could establish lncRNA-to-mRNA coexpression networks for the above 10 candidate lncRNAs. Finally, pathway prediction revealed physical, biochemical, or regulatory interactions for nine lncRNAs. In addition, ABA differential search also revealed 54 novel significant lncRNAs from the null set (∼30,000). Conclusively, this review represents an updated catalogue of lncRNAs in neurogenesis and neurological diseases, and overviews the field of OMICs-based data analysis for understanding lncRNome-based regulation in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ayana
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University , Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University , Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India .,2 Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University , Delhi, India
| | - Soumya Pati
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University , Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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52
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Huang X, Luo YL, Mao YS, Ji JL. The link between long noncoding RNAs and depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 73:73-78. [PMID: 27318257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The major depressive disorder (MDD) is a relatively common mental disorder from which that hundreds of million people have suffered, leading to displeasing life quality, which is characterized by health damage and even suicidal thoughts. The complicated development and functioning of MDD is still under exploration. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) are highly expressed in the brain, could affect neural stem cell maintenance, neurogenesis and gliogenesis, brain patterning, synaptic and stress responses, and neural plasticity. The dysregulation of certain lncRNAs induces in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and neuroimmunological disorders, primary brain tumors, and psychiatric diseases. Although advances have been made, no fully satisfactory treatments for major depression are available, further investigation is requested. And recently data showed that the expression level of the majority of lncRNAs demonstrated a clear tendency of upregulation, and the certain dysregulated miRNAs and lncRNAs in the MDD have been proved to have a co-synergism mechanism, that is why we speculate lncRNA might get the capability to regulate MDD. Few identified lncRNAs have been deeply studied in detailed experiments up until now, little predictions of their function have been raised, and further researches is calling for discover their signal pathway and related regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Li Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yue-Shi Mao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Lin Ji
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Zhuo C, Hou W, Hu L, Lin C, Chen C, Lin X. Genomic Editing of Non-Coding RNA Genes with CRISPR/Cas9 Ushers in a Potential Novel Approach to Study and Treat Schizophrenia. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:28. [PMID: 28217082 PMCID: PMC5289958 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a genetically related mental illness, in which the majority of genetic alterations occur in the non-coding regions of the human genome. In the past decade, a growing number of regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to be strongly associated with schizophrenia. However, the studies of these ncRNAs in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the reverting of their genetic defects in restoration of the normal phenotype have been hampered by insufficient technology to manipulate these ncRNA genes effectively as well as a lack of appropriate animal models. Most recently, a revolutionary gene editing technology known as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9; CRISPR/Cas9) has been developed that enable researchers to overcome these challenges. In this review article, we mainly focus on the schizophrenia-related ncRNAs and the use of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing on the non-coding regions of the genomic DNA in proving causal relationship between the genetic defects and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We subsequently discuss the potential of translating this advanced technology into a clinical therapy for schizophrenia, although the CRISPR/Cas9 technology is currently still in its infancy and immature to put into use in the treatment of diseases. Furthermore, we suggest strategies to accelerate the pace from the bench to the bedside. This review describes the application of the powerful and feasible CRISPR/Cas9 technology to manipulate schizophrenia-associated ncRNA genes. This technology could help researchers tackle this complex health problem and perhaps other genetically related mental disorders due to the overlapping genetic alterations of schizophrenia with other mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's HospitalWenzhou, China; Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding HospitalTianjin, China; Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anning HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Weihong Hou
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Lirong Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongguang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital Wenzhou, China
| | - Ce Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital Wenzhou, China
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54
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Chen S, Sun X, Niu W, Kong L, He M, Li W, Zhong A, Lu J, Zhang L. Aberrant Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Schizophrenia Patients. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3340-51. [PMID: 27650396 PMCID: PMC5034886 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysfunction of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been demonstrated to be involved in psychiatric diseases. However, the expression patterns and functions of the regulatory lncRNAs in schizophrenia (SZ) patients have rarely been systematically reported. Material/Methods The lncRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were screened and compared between the SZ patients and demographically-matched healthy controls using microarray analysis, and then were validated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method. Three verified significantly dysregulated lncRNAs of PBMCs were selected and then measured in SZ patients before and after the antipsychotic treatment. SZ symptomatology improvement was measured by Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores. Results One hundred and twenty-five lncRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in SZ patients compared with healthy controls, of which 62 were up-regulated and 63 were down-regulated. Concurrent with the significant decrease of the PANSS scores of patients after the treatment, the PBMC levels of lncRNA NONHSAT089447 and NONHSAT041499 were strikingly decreased (P<0.05). Down-regulation of PBMC expression of NONHSAT041499 was significantly correlated to the improvement of positive and activity symptoms of patients (r=−0.444 and −0.423, respectively, P<0.05, accounting for 16.9% and 15.1%, respectively), and was also significantly associated with better outcomes (odds ratio 2.325 for positive symptom and 12.340 for activity symptom). Conclusions LncRNA NONHSAT089447 and NONHSAT041499 might be involved in the pathogenesis and development of SZ, and the PBMC level of NONHSAT041499 is significantly associated with the treatment outcomes of SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xinyang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, PingAn Health Cloud Company Ltd. of China, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lingming Kong
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Mingjun He
- Prevention and Treatment Center for Psychological Diseases, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wanshuai Li
- , GoPath Diagnostic Laboratory Co. Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Aifang Zhong
- Department of Laboratory, No. 102 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jim Lu
- , GoPath Diagnostic Laboratory Co. Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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55
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Pagliaroli L, Vető B, Arányi T, Barta C. From Genetics to Epigenetics: New Perspectives in Tourette Syndrome Research. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:277. [PMID: 27462201 PMCID: PMC4940402 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by the appearance of multiple involuntary motor and vocal tics. TS presents high comorbidity rates with other disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). TS is highly heritable and has a complex polygenic background. However, environmental factors also play a role in the manifestation of symptoms. Different epigenetic mechanisms may represent the link between these two causalities. Epigenetic regulation has been shown to have an impact in the development of many neuropsychiatric disorders, however very little is known about its effects on Tourette Syndrome. This review provides a summary of the recent findings in genetic background of TS, followed by an overview on different epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic studies in other neurological and psychiatric disorders are discussed along with the TS-related epigenetic findings available in the literature to date. Moreover, we are proposing that some general epigenetic mechanisms seen in other neuropsychiatric disorders may also play a role in the pathogenesis of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaroli
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary; Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Vető
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Arányi
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6214, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1083, University of AngersAngers, France
| | - Csaba Barta
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary
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56
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Hart RP, Goff LA. Long noncoding RNAs: Central to nervous system development. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 55:109-116. [PMID: 27296516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex orchestration of stem cells, transcription factors, growth/differentiation factors, and epigenetic control. Noncoding RNAs have been identified, classified, and studied for their functional roles in many systems including the CNS. In particular, the class of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has generated both enthusiasm and skepticism due to the unexpected discovery, the diversity of mechanisms, and the lower level of expression than found in protein-coding RNAs. Here we describe evidence supporting the role of lncRNAs in driving CNS-specific differentiation. It is clear that lncRNAs exhibit a functional diversity that makes their study and compartmentalization more challenging than other classes of noncoding RNAs. We predict, however, that lncRNAs will be essential for the characterization of discrete neuronal cell types in the age of single-cell transcriptomics and that these regulatory RNAs contribute to the multitude of functional mechanisms during CNS differentiation that will rival the diversities of protein-based mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, and Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Loyal A Goff
- McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine & Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA
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57
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Shinde V, Hoelting L, Srinivasan SP, Meisig J, Meganathan K, Jagtap S, Grinberg M, Liebing J, Bluethgen N, Rahnenführer J, Rempel E, Stoeber R, Schildknecht S, Förster S, Godoy P, van Thriel C, Gaspar JA, Hescheler J, Waldmann T, Hengstler JG, Leist M, Sachinidis A. Definition of transcriptome-based indices for quantitative characterization of chemically disturbed stem cell development: introduction of the STOP-Tox ukn and STOP-Tox ukk tests. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:839-864. [PMID: 27188386 PMCID: PMC5306084 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based in vitro test systems can recapitulate specific phases of human development. In the UKK test system, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) randomly differentiate into cells of the three germ layers and their derivatives. In the UKN1 test system, hPSCs differentiate into early neural precursor cells. During the normal differentiation period (14 days) of the UKK system, 570 genes [849 probe sets (PSs)] were regulated >fivefold; in the UKN1 system (6 days), 879 genes (1238 PSs) were regulated. We refer to these genes as 'developmental genes'. In the present study, we used genome-wide expression data of 12 test substances in the UKK and UKN1 test systems to understand the basic principles of how chemicals interfere with the spontaneous transcriptional development in both test systems. The set of test compounds included six histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), six mercury-containing compounds ('mercurials') and thalidomide. All compounds were tested at the maximum non-cytotoxic concentration, while valproic acid and thalidomide were additionally tested over a wide range of concentrations. In total, 242 genes (252 PSs) in the UKK test system and 793 genes (1092 PSs) in the UKN1 test system were deregulated by the 12 test compounds. We identified sets of 'diagnostic genes' appropriate for the identification of the influence of HDACis or mercurials. Test compounds that interfered with the expression of developmental genes usually antagonized their spontaneous development, meaning that up-regulated developmental genes were suppressed and developmental genes whose expression normally decreases were induced. The fraction of compromised developmental genes varied widely between the test compounds, and it reached up to 60 %. To quantitatively describe disturbed development on a genome-wide basis, we recommend a concept of two indices, 'developmental potency' (D p) and 'developmental index' (D i), whereby D p is the fraction of all developmental genes that are up- or down-regulated by a test compound, and D i is the ratio of overrepresentation of developmental genes among all genes deregulated by a test compound. The use of D i makes hazard identification more sensitive because some compounds compromise the expression of only a relatively small number of genes but have a high propensity to deregulate developmental genes specifically, resulting in a low D p but a high D i. In conclusion, the concept based on the indices D p and D i offers the possibility to quantitatively express the propensity of test compounds to interfere with normal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Shinde
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Hoelting
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Box: M657, 78457, Constance, Germany.,Konstanz Graduate School Chemical Biology KORS-CB, University of Konstanz, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Sureshkumar Perumal Srinivasan
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Meisig
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kesavan Meganathan
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Smita Jagtap
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Julia Liebing
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical, University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nils Bluethgen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eugen Rempel
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.,Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Regina Stoeber
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical, University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stefan Schildknecht
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Box: M657, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Sunniva Förster
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Box: M657, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Patricio Godoy
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical, University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph van Thriel
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical, University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - John Antonydas Gaspar
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tanja Waldmann
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Box: M657, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical, University of Dortmund (IfADo), Ardeystrasse 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Marcel Leist
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Box: M657, 78457, Constance, Germany.
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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58
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Frade AF, Laugier L, Ferreira LRP, Baron MA, Benvenuti LA, Teixeira PC, Navarro IC, Cabantous S, Ferreira FM, da Silva Cândido D, Gaiotto FA, Bacal F, Pomerantzeff P, Santos RHB, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E, Chevillard C. Myocardial Infarction–Associated Transcript, a Long Noncoding RNA, Is Overexpressed During Dilated Cardiomyopathy Due to Chronic Chagas Disease. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:161-5. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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59
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Liao J, He Q, Li M, Chen Y, Liu Y, Wang J. LncRNA MIAT: Myocardial infarction associated and more. Gene 2015; 578:158-61. [PMID: 26707210 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are emerging as regulatory RNAs that participate in the regulation of gene expression and play vital roles in various biological and pathological processes. Long non-coding (lncRNA) is a novel class of non-coding RNAs that regulates gene expression by binding to chromatin regulators and interfering RNAs to affect cellular response. Myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) is identified as lncRNAs, which is involved in various diseases, pathological and physiological processes, such as myocardial infarction, diabetic retinopathy, paranoid schizophrenia, microvascular dysfunction and formation of nuclear bodies, and neurogenic commitment. Here we review the growing understanding and potential utilization of MIAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangquan Liao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingyong He
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Min Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yinfeng Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.11 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
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