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Aricioglu F, Ozkartal CS, Unal G, Dursun S, Cetin M, Müller N. Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia: A Critical Review and The Future. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5455/bcp.20161123044657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Aricioglu
- Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Ceren Sahin Ozkartal
- Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Gokhan Unal
- Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Serdar Dursun
- University of Alberta, Department of Psychiatry, Edmonton, Alberta-Canada
| | - Mesut Cetin
- Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Honorary President of Turkish Association for Psychopharmacology & General Secretary of Turkish Association for Psychopharmacology, Istanbul - Turkey
| | - Norbert Müller
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Nussbaumstrasse 7, D - 80336 Munich-Germany
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Mubarik A, Tohid H. Frontal lobe alterations in schizophrenia: a review. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2016; 38:198-206. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objective: To highlight the changes in the frontal lobe of the human brain in people with schizophrenia. Methods: This was a qualitative review of the literature. Results: Many schizophrenic patients exhibit functional, structural, and metabolic abnormalities in the frontal lobe. Some patients have few or no alterations, while some have more functional and structural changes than others. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows structural and functional changes in volume, gray matter, white matter, and functional activity in the frontal lobe, but the mechanisms underlying these changes are not yet fully understood. Conclusion: When schizophrenia is studied as an essential topic in the field of neuropsychiatry, neuroscientists find that the frontal lobe is the most commonly involved area of the human brain. A clear picture of how this lobe is affected in schizophrenia is still lacking. We therefore recommend that further research be conducted to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of this psychiatric dilemma.
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An HM, Tan YL, Tan SP, Shi J, Wang ZR, Yang FD, Huang XF, Soars JC, Kosten TR, Zhang XY. Smoking and Serum Lipid Profiles in Schizophrenia. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:383-8. [PMID: 27017941 PMCID: PMC5563778 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with a high prevalence of cigarette-smoking and abnormal lipid profiles. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the profiles differ between schizophrenic smokers and non-smokers and whether the lipid profiles are related to psychopathological symptoms. Serum lipid profiles were measured in 130 male inpatients with DSM-IV-defined schizophrenia: 104 smokers and 26 non-smokers. Symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Our results showed that positive PANSS symptoms were fewer in smokers than in non-smokers, while the negative symptoms were fewer in those who smoked more cigarettes. Total protein and globulin levels were significantly lower in the smokers than in the non-smokers. However, there was no significant difference in total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, or apolipoprotein B between the smokers and non-smokers. However, the PANSS positive subscale had a significant negative correlation with the HDL-c levels (a protective factor) in the smokers but not in the non-smokers. Our findings suggest that schizophrenic patients who smoke have fewer psychotic symptoms, but contrary to expectation, smoking does not alter lipid profile levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Mei An
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Yun-Long Tan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Shu-Ping Tan
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Wang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Fu-De Yang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jair C Soars
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas R Kosten
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Central Nervous System-Peripheral Immune System Dialogue in Neurological Disorders: Possible Application of Neuroimmunology in Urology. Int Neurourol J 2016; 20:S8-14. [PMID: 27230462 PMCID: PMC4895905 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1632614.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous concepts of immune-privileged sites obscured the role of peripheral immune cells in neurological disorders and excluded the consideration of the potential benefits of immunotherapy. Recently, however, numerous studies have demonstrated that the blood–brain barrier in the central nervous system is an educational barrier rather than an absolute barrier to peripheral immune cells. Emerging knowledge of immune-privileged sites suggests that peripheral immune cells can infiltrate these sites via educative gates and that crosstalk can occur between infiltrating immune cells and the central nervous system parenchyma. This concept can be expanded to the testis, which has long been considered an immune-privileged site, and to neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Thus, we propose that the relationship between peripheral immune cells, the brain, and the urologic system should be considered as an additional possible mechanism in urologic diseases, and that immunotherapy might be an alternative therapeutic strategy in treating neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
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Lisboa SF, Gomes FV, Guimaraes FS, Campos AC. Microglial Cells as a Link between Cannabinoids and the Immune Hypothesis of Psychiatric Disorders. Front Neurol 2016; 7:5. [PMID: 26858686 PMCID: PMC4729885 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Although several therapeutic options are available, the exact mechanisms responsible for the genesis of these disorders remain to be fully elucidated. In the last decade, a body of evidence has supported the involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of these conditions. Microglial cells play a significant role in maintaining brain homeostasis and surveillance. Dysregulation of microglial functions has been associated with several psychiatric conditions. Cannabinoids regulate the brain–immune axis and inhibit microglial cell activation. Here, we summarized evidence supporting the hypothesis that microglial cells could be a target for cannabinoid influence on psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina F Lisboa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Francisco S Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alline C Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Center of Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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56
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Wang H, Liu S, Tian Y, Wu X, He Y, Li C, Namaka M, Kong J, Li H, Xiao L. Quetiapine Inhibits Microglial Activation by Neutralizing Abnormal STIM1-Mediated Intercellular Calcium Homeostasis and Promotes Myelin Repair in a Cuprizone-Induced Mouse Model of Demyelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:492. [PMID: 26732345 PMCID: PMC4685920 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation has been considered as a crucial process in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and psychiatric disorders. Several antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have been shown to display inhibitory effects on microglial activation in vitro, possibly through the suppression of elevated intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) concentration. However, the exact underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of quetiapine (Que), an atypical APD, on microglial activation. We utilized a chronic cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination mouse model to determine the direct effect of Que on microglial activation. Our results showed that treatment with Que significantly reduced recruitment and activation of microglia/macrophage in the lesion of corpus callosum and promoted remyelination after CPZ withdrawal. Our in vitro studies also confirmed the direct effect of Que on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of microglial N9 cells, whereby Que significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Moreover, we demonstrated that pretreatment with Que, neutralized the up-regulation of STIM1 induced by LPS and declined both LPS and thapsigargin (Tg)-induced store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE). Finally, we found that pretreatment with Que significantly reduced the translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunit from cytoplasm to nuclei in LPS-activated primary microglial cells. Overall, our data suggested that Que may inhibit microglial activation by neutralization of the LPS-induced abnormal STIM1-mediated intercellular calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shubao Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiyan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangtao He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengren Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Michael Namaka
- College of Pharmacy and Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry Between Shantou University Medical College and College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jiming Kong
- College of Pharmacy and Medicine, Joint Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry Between Shantou University Medical College and College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hongli Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongli Li, ; Lan Xiao,
| | - Lan Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongli Li, ; Lan Xiao,
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