51
|
Gu W, Mochizuki K, Otsuka K, Hamada R, Takehara A, Matsui Y. Dnd1-mediated epigenetic control of teratoma formation in mouse. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio032318. [PMID: 29378702 PMCID: PMC5829515 DOI: 10.1242/bio.032318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous testicular teratoma develops from primordial germ cells (PGCs) in embryos; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying teratoma formation are not fully understood. Mutation of the dead-end 1 (Dnd1) gene, which encodes an RNA-binding protein, drastically enhances teratoma formation in the 129/Sv mouse strain. To elucidate the mechanism of Dnd1 mutation-induced teratoma formation, we focused on histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) trimethylation (me3), and found that the levels of H3K27me3 and its responsible methyltransferase, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), were decreased in the teratoma-forming cells of Dnd1 mutant embryos. We also showed that Dnd1 suppressed miR-26a-mediated inhibition of Ezh2 expression, and that Dnd1 deficiency resulted in decreased H3K27me3 of a cell-cycle regulator gene, Ccnd1 In addition, Ezh2 expression or Ccnd1 deficiency repressed the reprogramming of PGCs into pluripotent stem cells, which mimicked the conversion of embryonic germ cells into teratoma-forming cells. These results revealed an epigenetic molecular linkage between Dnd1 and the suppression of testicular teratoma formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Development, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mochizuki
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Development, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Kei Otsuka
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryohei Hamada
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Asuka Takehara
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Laboratory of Germ Cell Development, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Gong J, Gu H, Zhao L, Wang L, Liu P, Wang F, Xu H, Zhao T. Phosphorylation of ULK1 by AMPK is essential for mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:38. [PMID: 29348566 PMCID: PMC5833692 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process to degrade both damaged organelles and aggregated proteins in somatic cells. We have recently identified that autophagy is an executor for mitochondrial homeostasis in embryonic stem cell (ESC), and thus contribute to stemness regulation. However, the regulatory and functional mechanisms of autophagy in ESC are still largely unknown. Here we have shown that activation of ULK1 by AMPK is essential for ESC self-renewal and pluripotency. Dysfunction of Ulk1 decreases the autophagic flux in ESC, leading to compromised self-renewal and pluripotency. These defects can be rescued by reacquisition of wild-type ULK1 and ULK1(S757A) mutant, but not ULK1(S317A, S555A and S777A) and kinase dead ULK1(K46I) mutant. These data indicate that phosphorylation of ULK1 by AMPK, but not mTOR, is essential for stemness regulation in ESC. The findings highlight a critical role for AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of ULK1 pathway to maintain ESC self-renewal and pluripotency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Chinese Medicine Hospital in Linyi City, Linyi, 276600, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pinglei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Haoyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Salz HK, Dawson EP, Heaney JD. Germ cell tumors: Insights from the Drosophila ovary and the mouse testis. Mol Reprod Dev 2017; 84:200-211. [PMID: 28079292 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian and testicular germ cell tumors of young adults are thought to arise from defects in germ cell development, but the molecular mechanisms underlying malignant transformation are poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the biology of germ cell tumor formation in the Drosophila ovary and the mouse testis, for which evidence supports common underlying mechanisms, such as blocking initiation into the differentiation pathway, impaired lineage progression, and sexual identity instability. We then discuss how these concepts inform our understanding of the disease in humans. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 200-211, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Salz
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Emily P Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Ter Huurne M, Chappell J, Dalton S, Stunnenberg HG. Distinct Cell-Cycle Control in Two Different States of Mouse Pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 21:449-455.e4. [PMID: 28985526 PMCID: PMC5658514 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) cultured in serum are characterized by hyper-phosphorylated RB protein, lack of G1 control, and rapid progression through the cell cycle. Here, we show that ESCs grown in the presence of two small-molecule inhibitors (2i ESCs) have a longer G1-phase with hypo-phosphorylated RB, implying that they have a functional G1 checkpoint. Deletion of RB, P107, and P130 in 2i ESCs results in a G1-phase similar to that of serum ESCs. Inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway in serum ESCs results in the appearance of hypo-phosphorylated RB and the reinstatement of a G1 checkpoint. In addition, induction of a dormant state by the inhibition of MYC, resembling diapause, requires the presence of the RB family proteins. Collectively, our data show that RB-dependent G1 restriction point signaling is active in mouse ESCs grown in 2i but abrogated in serum by ERK-dependent phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menno Ter Huurne
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - James Chappell
- Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
She S, Wei Q, Kang B, Wang YJ. Cell cycle and pluripotency: Convergence on octamer‑binding transcription factor 4 (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6459-6466. [PMID: 28901500 PMCID: PMC5865814 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have unlimited expansion potential and the ability to differentiate into all somatic cell types for regenerative medicine and disease model studies. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), encoded by the POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1 gene, is a transcription factor vital for maintaining ESC pluripotency and somatic reprogramming. Many studies have established that the cell cycle of ESCs is featured with an abbreviated G1 phase and a prolonged S phase. Changes in cell cycle dynamics are intimately associated with the state of ESC pluripotency, and manipulating cell-cycle regulators could enable a controlled differentiation of ESCs. The present review focused primarily on the emerging roles of OCT4 in coordinating the cell cycle progression, the maintenance of pluripotency and the glycolytic metabolism in ESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi She
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qucheng Wei
- Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Waisman A, Vazquez Echegaray C, Solari C, Cosentino MS, Martyn I, Deglincerti A, Ozair MZ, Ruzo A, Barañao L, Miriuka S, Brivanlou A, Guberman A. Inhibition of Cell Division and DNA Replication Impair Mouse-Naïve Pluripotency Exit. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2802-2815. [PMID: 28684247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cell cycle has gained attention as a key determinant for cell fate decisions, but the contribution of DNA replication and mitosis in stem cell differentiation has not been extensively studied. To understand if these processes act as "windows of opportunity" for changes in cell identity, we established synchronized cultures of mouse embryonic stem cells as they exit the ground state of pluripotency. We show that initial transcriptional changes in this transition do not require passage through mitosis and that conversion to primed pluripotency is linked to lineage priming in the G1 phase. Importantly, we demonstrate that impairment of DNA replication severely blocks transcriptional switch to primed pluripotency, even in the absence of p53 activity induced by the DNA damage response. Our data suggest an important role for DNA replication during mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation, which could shed light on why pluripotent cells are only receptive to differentiation signals during G1, that is, before the S phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Waisman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Vazquez Echegaray
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Solari
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Cosentino
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iain Martyn
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alessia Deglincerti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mohammad Zeeshan Ozair
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Albert Ruzo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lino Barañao
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Miriuka
- CONICET-Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Laboratorio de Investigación de Aplicación a Neurociencias (LIAN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ali Brivanlou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alejandra Guberman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Bam and Otu can regulate stem cell fate by stabilizing cyclin A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:6154-6156. [PMID: 28584130 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1706840114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
58
|
Kumari A, Folk WP, Sakamuro D. The Dual Roles of MYC in Genomic Instability and Cancer Chemoresistance. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8060158. [PMID: 28590415 PMCID: PMC5485522 DOI: 10.3390/genes8060158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is associated with genomic instability and aging. Genomic instability stimulates tumorigenesis, whereas deregulation of oncogenes accelerates DNA replication and increases genomic instability. It is therefore reasonable to assume a positive feedback loop between genomic instability and oncogenic stress. Consistent with this premise, overexpression of the MYC transcription factor increases the phosphorylation of serine 139 in histone H2AX (member X of the core histone H2A family), which forms so-called γH2AX, the most widely recognized surrogate biomarker of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). Paradoxically, oncogenic MYC can also promote the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin, clearly implying an antagonistic role of MYC in genomic instability. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of the conflicting functions of MYC in genomic instability and discuss when and how the oncoprotein exerts the contradictory roles in induction of DSBs and protection of cancer-cell genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Tumor Signaling and Angiogenesis Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Watson P Folk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Tumor Signaling and Angiogenesis Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Biochemistry and Cancer Biology Program, The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Daitoku Sakamuro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Tumor Signaling and Angiogenesis Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Biochemistry and Cancer Biology Program, The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Chi L, Zou Y, Qin L, Ma W, Hao Y, Tang Y, Luo R, Wu Z. TIMELESS contributes to the progression of breast cancer through activation of MYC. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:53. [PMID: 28464854 PMCID: PMC5414141 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer death among women. TIMELESS (TIM), a circadian rhythm regulator, has been recently implicated in the progression of human cancer. However, the role of TIM in the progression of breast cancer has not been well-characterized. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was used to examine TIM levels in breast cancer specimens. Mammosphere formation analysis and side population analysis were used to examine the effect of TIM on the self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells. A wound healing assay and a Transwell assay were used to determine the role of TIM in breast cancer cell migration and invasion. A soft agar growth assay in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo were used to determine the role of TIM in tumorigenicity. RESULTS TIM levels in both breast cancer cell lines and tissues were significantly upregulated. Patients with high TIM had poorer prognosis than patients with low TIM. Overexpression of TIM dramatically enhanced, while knockdown of TIM suppressed the self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs), cell invasion and migration abilities of breast cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of TIM significantly augmented, while knockdown of TIM reduced the tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells in vivo. Mechanism studies revealed that TIM upregulated the expression and the trans-activity of the well-known oncogene MYC. Inhibition of MYC significantly blocked the effects of TIM on CSC population, cell invasion and anchor-independent cell growth. CONCLUSION TIM plays an important role in promoting breast cancer progression and may represent a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Chi
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Yujiao Zou
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Weifeng Ma
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanyan Hao
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China.
| | - Ziqing Wu
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Structure of Nascent Chromatin Is Essential for Hematopoietic Lineage Specification. Cell Rep 2017; 19:295-306. [PMID: 28402853 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of chromatin structure in lineage commitment of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs) is presently unclear. We show here that CD34+ HPCs possess a post-replicative chromatin globally devoid of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3. This H3K27-unmodified chromatin is required for recruitment of lineage-determining transcription factors (TFs) C/EBPα, PU.1, and GATA-1 to DNA just after DNA replication upon cytokine-induced myeloid or erythroid commitment. Blocking DNA replication or increasing H3K27me3 levels prevents recruitment of these TFs to DNA and suppresses cytokine-induced erythroid or myeloid differentiation. However, H3K27me3 is rapidly associated with nascent DNA in more primitive human and murine HPCs. Treatment of these cells with instructive cytokines leads to a significant delay in accumulation of H3K27me3 in nascent chromatin due to activity of the H3K27me3 demethylase UTX. Thus, HPCs utilize special mechanisms of chromatin modification for recruitment of specific TFs to DNA during early stages of lineage specification.
Collapse
|
61
|
Petruk S, Cai J, Sussman R, Sun G, Kovermann SK, Mariani SA, Calabretta B, McMahon SB, Brock HW, Iacovitti L, Mazo A. Delayed Accumulation of H3K27me3 on Nascent DNA Is Essential for Recruitment of Transcription Factors at Early Stages of Stem Cell Differentiation. Mol Cell 2017; 66:247-257.e5. [PMID: 28410996 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment of transcription factors (TFs) to repressed genes in euchromatin is essential to activate new transcriptional programs during cell differentiation. However, recruitment of all TFs, including pioneer factors, is impeded by condensed H3K27me3-containing chromatin. Single-cell and gene-specific analyses revealed that, during the first hours of induction of differentiation of mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs), accumulation of the repressive histone mark H3K27me3 is delayed after DNA replication, indicative of a decondensed chromatin structure in all regions of the replicating genome. This delay provides a critical "window of opportunity" for recruitment of lineage-specific TFs to DNA. Increasing the levels of post-replicative H3K27me3 or preventing S phase entry inhibited recruitment of new TFs to DNA and significantly blocked cell differentiation. These findings suggest that recruitment of lineage-specifying TFs occurs soon after replication and is facilitated by a decondensed chromatin structure. This insight may explain the developmental plasticity of stem cells and facilitate their exploitation for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Petruk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jingli Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Robyn Sussman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Sina K Kovermann
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Samanta A Mariani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bruno Calabretta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Steven B McMahon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Hugh W Brock
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lorraine Iacovitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Alexander Mazo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Ishii N, Araki K, Yokobori T, Watanabe A, Tsukagoshi M, Kubo N, Suzuki H, Saito F, Altan B, Hosouchi Y, Shirabe K, Kuwano H. Poor prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma patients with low FBXW7 expression is improved by chemotherapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3653-3661. [PMID: 28521468 PMCID: PMC5431321 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor FBXW7 has been demonstrated to degrade several oncoproteins, including c-Myc. Although low FBXW7 expression levels are suggested to be a poor prognostic factor in a number of types of solid tumor, the role of FBXW7 in chemosensitivity is controversial. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether FBXW7 expression may be used as a marker for poor prognosis and chemosensitivity in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CC). FBXW7 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 100 surgically resected CC samples, and the association between FBXW7 expression, clinicopathological factors and prognosis was evaluated. Nuclear FBXW7 expression tended to be lower compared with normal tissues. A total of 54 patients exhibited high expression levels of FBXW7, and 46 patients exhibited low expression levels. Patients with low FBXW7 expression possessed significantly larger tumors (P=0.049), enhanced expression of c-Myc and Ki-67 and significantly poorer prognoses compared with those with high FBXW7 expression (P=0.016). Multivariate analysis revealed that low FBXW7 expression was an independent negative prognostic factor in CC (P=0.043). In patients with high FBXW7 expression levels, the cancer-specific survival times were not significantly different between patients with or without chemotherapy. However, in patients with low FBXW7 expression levels, the cancer-specific survival times were significantly longer in subjects who underwent chemotherapy compared with those who did not (P=0.001). These data suggest that FBXW7 status in CC is a useful predictor of poor prognosis and cancer progression. Additionally, FBXW7 may be a surrogate marker to predict the efficacy of chemotherapy in CC.
Collapse
|
63
|
Dzikiewicz-Krawczyk A, Kok K, Slezak-Prochazka I, Robertus JL, Bruining J, Tayari MM, Rutgers B, de Jong D, Koerts J, Seitz A, Li J, Tillema B, Guikema JE, Nolte IM, Diepstra A, Visser L, Kluiver J, van den Berg A. ZDHHC11 and ZDHHC11B are critical novel components of the oncogenic MYC-miR-150-MYB network in Burkitt lymphoma. Leukemia 2017; 31:1470-1473. [PMID: 28331227 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Dzikiewicz-Krawczyk
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,lnstitute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - K Kok
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Slezak-Prochazka
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Biosystems Group, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - J-L Robertus
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Bruining
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M M Tayari
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Rutgers
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D de Jong
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Koerts
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Seitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Li
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Tillema
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J E Guikema
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Diepstra
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Visser
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Kluiver
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A van den Berg
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Liu T, Wang Q, Li W, Mao F, Yue S, Liu S, Liu X, Xiao S, Xia L. Gcn5 determines the fate of
Drosophila
germline stem cells through degradation of Cyclin A. FASEB J 2017; 31:2185-2194. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601217r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of Developmental BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wenqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Feiyu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shanshan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sun Liu
- Department of Developmental BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaona Liu
- Department of Developmental BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shan Xiao
- Department of Developmental BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Laixin Xia
- Department of Developmental BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Fagnocchi L, Zippo A. Multiple Roles of MYC in Integrating Regulatory Networks of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:7. [PMID: 28217689 PMCID: PMC5289991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are defined by their self-renewal potential, which permits their unlimited propagation, and their pluripotency, being able to generate cell of the three embryonic lineages. These properties render PSCs a valuable tool for both basic and medical research. To induce and stabilize the pluripotent state, complex circuitries involving signaling pathways, transcription regulators and epigenetic mechanisms converge on a core transcriptional regulatory network of PSCs, thus determining their cell identity. Among the transcription factors, MYC represents a central hub, which modulates and integrates multiple mechanisms involved both in the maintenance of pluripotency and in cell reprogramming. Indeed, it instructs the PSC-specific cell cycle, metabolism and epigenetic landscape, contributes to limit exit from pluripotency and modulates signaling cascades affecting the PSC identity. Moreover, MYC extends its regulation on pluripotency by controlling PSC-specific non-coding RNAs. In this report, we review the MYC-controlled networks, which support the pluripotent state and discuss how their perturbation could affect cell identity. We further discuss recent finding demonstrating a central role of MYC in triggering epigenetic memory in PSCs, which depends on the establishment of a WNT-centered self-reinforcing circuit. Finally, we comment on the therapeutic implications of the role of MYC in affecting PSCs. Indeed, PSCs are used for both disease and cancer modeling and to derive cells for regenerative medicine. For these reasons, unraveling the MYC-mediated mechanism in those cells is fundamental to exploit their full potential and to identify therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fagnocchi
- Department of Epigenetics, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM)Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan, Italy
| | - Alessio Zippo
- Department of Epigenetics, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM)Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Hawkins KE, Moschidou D, Faccenda D, Wruck W, Martin-Trujillo A, Hau KL, Ranzoni AM, Sanchez-Freire V, Tommasini F, Eaton S, De Coppi P, Monk D, Campanella M, Thrasher AJ, Adjaye J, Guillot PV. Human Amniocytes Are Receptive to Chemically Induced Reprogramming to Pluripotency. Mol Ther 2017; 25:427-442. [PMID: 28153093 PMCID: PMC5368475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoring pluripotency using chemical compounds alone would be a major step forward in developing clinical-grade pluripotent stem cells, but this has not yet been reported in human cells. We previously demonstrated that VPA_AFS cells, human amniocytes cultivated with valproic acid (VPA) acquired functional pluripotency while remaining distinct from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), questioning the relationship between the modulation of cell fate and molecular regulation of the pluripotency network. Here, we used single-cell analysis and functional assays to reveal that VPA treatment resulted in a homogeneous population of self-renewing non-transformed cells that fulfill the hallmarks of pluripotency, i.e., a short G1 phase, a dependence on glycolytic metabolism, expression of epigenetic modifications on histones 3 and 4, and reactivation of endogenous OCT4 and downstream targets at a lower level than that observed in hESCs. Mechanistic insights into the process of VPA-induced reprogramming revealed that it was dependent on OCT4 promoter activation, which was achieved independently of the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway or GSK3β inhibition but was concomitant with the presence of acetylated histones H3K9 and H3K56, which promote pluripotency. Our data identify, for the first time, the pluripotent transcriptional and molecular signature and metabolic status of human chemically induced pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Hawkins
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Dafni Moschidou
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Danilo Faccenda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Alex Martin-Trujillo
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Kwan-Leong Hau
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6HX, UK; Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anna Maria Ranzoni
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | | | - Fabio Tommasini
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6HX, UK; Institute for Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Simon Eaton
- Institute for Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Institute for Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - David Monk
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Institute for Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Pascale V Guillot
- Institute for Women's Health, Maternal and Fetal Medicine Department, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6HX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Li XL, Zeng D, Chen Y, Ding L, Li WJ, Wei T, Ou DB, Yan S, Wang B, Zheng QS. Role of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors in cardiomyocyte differentiation from murine-induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27790820 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes are a promising source of cells for regenerative heart disease therapies, but progress towards their use has been limited by their low differentiation efficiency and high cellular heterogeneity. Previous studies have demonstrated expression of adrenergic receptors (ARs) in stem cells after differentiation; however, roles of ARs in fate specification of stem cells, particularly in cardiomyocyte differentiation and development, have not been characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS Murine-induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) were cultured in hanging drops to form embryoid bodies, cells of which were then differentiated into cardiomyocytes. To determine whether ARs regulated miPSC differentiation into cardiac lineages, effects of the AR agonist, epinephrine (EPI), on miPSC differentiation and underlying signalling mechanisms, were evaluated. RESULTS Treatment with EPI, robustly enhanced miPSC cardiac differentiation, as indicated by increased expression levels of cardiac-specific markers, GATA4, Nkx2.5 and Tnnt2. Although β-AR signalling is the foremost signalling pathway in cardiomyocytes, EPI-enhanced cardiac differentiation depended more on α-AR signalling than β-AR signalling. In addition, selective activation of α1 -AR signalling with specific agonists induced vigorous cardiomyocyte differentiation, whereas selective activation of α2 - or β-AR signalling induced no or less differentiation, respectively. EPI- and α1 -AR-dependent cardiomyocyte differentiation from miPSCs occurred through specific promotion of CPC proliferation via the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway and regulation of miPS cell-cycle progression. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that activation of ARs, particularly of α1 -ARs, promoted miPSC differentiation into cardiac lineages via MEK-ERK1/2 signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Di Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.,Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA No.401 Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wen-Ju Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Dong-Bo Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Song Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Qiang-Sun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Abstract
Rad51 is a key component of homologous recombination (HR) to repair DNA double-strand breaks and it forms Rad51 recombinase filaments of broken single-stranded DNA to promote HR. In addition to its role in DNA repair and cell cycle progression, Rad51 contributes to the reprogramming process during the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells. In light of this, we performed reprogramming experiments to examine the effect of co-expression of Rad51 and four reprogramming factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, on the reprogramming efficiency. Co-expression of Rad51 significantly increased the numbers of alkaline phosphatase-positive colonies and embryonic stem cell-like colonies during the process of reprogramming. Co-expression ofRad51 significantly increased the expression of epithelial markers at an early stage of reprogramming compared with control cells. Phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX), which initiates the DNA double-strand break repair system, was highly accumulated in reprogramming intermediates upon co-expression of Rad51. This study identified a novel role of Rad51 in enhancing the reprogramming efficiency, possibly by facilitating mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition and by regulating a DNA damage repair pathway during the early phase of the reprogramming process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Lee
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea
| | - Dae-Kwan Kim
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea
| | - Jeong-Jae Ko
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Dept. of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06975, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Lee KS, Kwak Y, Nam KH, Kim DW, Kang SB, Choe G, Kim WH, Lee HS. Favorable prognosis in colorectal cancer patients with co-expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:730. [PMID: 27619912 PMCID: PMC5020485 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of our research was to determine the prognostic impact and clinicopathological feature of c-MYC and β-catenin overexpression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we measured the c-MYC and β-catenin expression in 367 consecutive CRC patients retrospectively (cohort 1). Also, c-MYC expression was measured by mRNA in situ hybridization. Moreover, to analyze regional heterogeneity, three sites of CRC including the primary, distant and lymph node metastasis were evaluated in 176 advanced CRC patients (cohort 2). Results In cohort 1, c-MYC protein and mRNA overexpression and ß-catenin nuclear expression were found in 201 (54.8 %), 241 (65.7 %) and 221 (60.2 %) of 367 patients, respectively, each of which was associated with improved prognosis (P = 0.011, P = 0.012 and P = 0.033, respectively). Moreover, co-expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin was significantly correlated with longer survival by univariate (P = 0.012) and multivariate (P = 0.048) studies. Overexpression of c-MYC protein was associated with mRNA overexpression (ρ, 0.479; P < 0.001) and nuclear ß-catenin expression (ρ, 0.282; P < 0.001). Expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin was heterogeneous depending on location in advanced CRC patients (cohort 2). Nevertheless, both c-MYC and ß-catenin expression in primary cancer were significantly correlated with improved survival in univariate (P = 0.001) and multivariate (P = 0.002) analyses. c-MYC and ß-catenin expression of lymph node or distant metastatic tumor was not significantly correlated with patients’ prognosis (P > 0.05). Conclusions Co-expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin was independently correlated with favorable prognosis in CRC patient. We concluded that the expression of c-MYC and ß-catenin might be useful predicting indicator of CRC patient’s prognosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2770-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yongon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Han Nam
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 875, Haeun-daero, Haeundae-gu, Busan, 612-896, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yongon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro (Yongon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Kawasaki Y, Komiya M, Matsumura K, Negishi L, Suda S, Okuno M, Yokota N, Osada T, Nagashima T, Hiyoshi M, Okada-Hatakeyama M, Kitayama J, Shirahige K, Akiyama T. MYU, a Target lncRNA for Wnt/c-Myc Signaling, Mediates Induction of CDK6 to Promote Cell Cycle Progression. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2554-2564. [PMID: 27568568 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a major driving force in colon cancer. Wnt/β-catenin signaling induces the expression of the transcription factor c-Myc, leading to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. c-Myc regulates multiple biological processes through its ability to directly modulate gene expression. Here, we identify a direct target of c-Myc, termed MYU, and show that MYU is upregulated in most colon cancers and required for the tumorigenicity of colon cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MYU associates with the RNA binding protein hnRNP-K to stabilize CDK6 expression and thereby promotes the G1-S transition of the cell cycle. These results suggest that the MYU/hnRNP-K/CDK6 pathway functions downstream of Wnt/c-Myc signaling and plays a critical role in the proliferation and tumorigenicity of colon cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Mimon Komiya
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsumura
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Lumi Negishi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Sakiko Suda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Masumi Okuno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Naoko Yokota
- Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tomoya Osada
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagashima
- Laboratory for Cellular Systems Modeling, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masaya Hiyoshi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mariko Okada-Hatakeyama
- Laboratory for Cellular Systems Modeling, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Joji Kitayama
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Research Center for Epigenetic Disease, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tetsu Akiyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Genetic Information, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Direct inhibition of c-Myc-Max heterodimers by celastrol and celastrol-inspired triterpenoids. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32380-95. [PMID: 26474287 PMCID: PMC4741700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many oncogenic signals originate from abnormal protein-protein interactions that are potential targets for small molecule inhibitors. However, the therapeutic disruption of these interactions has proved elusive. We report here that the naturally-occurring triterpenoid celastrol is an inhibitor of the c-Myc (Myc) oncoprotein, which is over-expressed in many human cancers. Most Myc inhibitors prevent the association between Myc and its obligate heterodimerization partner Max via their respective bHLH-ZIP domains. In contrast, we show that celastrol binds to and alters the quaternary structure of the pre-formed dimer and abrogates its DNA binding. Celastrol contains a reactive quinone methide group that promiscuously forms Michael adducts with numerous target proteins and other free sulfhydryl-containing molecules. Interestingly, triterpenoid derivatives lacking the quinone methide showed enhanced specificity and potency against Myc. As with other Myc inhibitors, these analogs rapidly reduced the abundance of Myc protein and provoked a global energy crisis marked by ATP depletion, neutral lipid accumulation, AMP-activated protein kinase activation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. They also inhibited the proliferation of numerous established human cancer cell lines as well as primary myeloma explants that were otherwise resistant to JQ1, a potent indirect Myc inhibitor. N-Myc amplified neuroblastoma cells showed similar responses and, in additional, underwent neuronal differentiation. These studies indicate that certain pharmacologically undesirable properties of celastrol such as Michael adduct formation can be eliminated while increasing selectivity and potency toward Myc and N-Myc. This, together with their low in vivo toxicity, provides a strong rationale for pursuing the development of additional Myc-specific triterpenoid derivatives.
Collapse
|
72
|
p18 inhibits reprogramming through inactivation of Cdk4/6. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31085. [PMID: 27484146 PMCID: PMC4971472 DOI: 10.1038/srep31085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), show atypical cell cycle regulation characterized by a high proliferation rate and a shorter G1 phase compared with somatic cells. The mechanisms by which somatic cells remodel their cell cycle to achieve the high proliferation rate of PSCs during reprogramming are unclear. Here we identify that the Ink4 protein p18, which is expressed at high levels in somatic cells but at low levels in PSCs, is a roadblock to successful reprogramming. Mild inhibition of p18 expression enhances reprogramming efficiency, while ectopic expression of p18 completely blocks reprogramming. Mechanistic studies show that expression of wild-type p18, but not a p18D68N mutant which cannot inhibit Cdk4/6, down-regulates expression of Cdk4/6 target genes involved in DNA synthesis (TK, TS, DHFR, PCNA) and cell cycle regulation (CDK1 and CCNA2) and thus inhibits reprogramming. These results indicate that p18 blocks reprogramming by targeting Cdk4/6-mediated cell cycle regulation. Taken together, our results define a novel pathway that inhibits somatic cell reprogramming, and provide a new target to enhance reprogramming efficiency.
Collapse
|
73
|
Linking the Cell Cycle to Cell Fate Decisions. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 25:592-600. [PMID: 26410405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) retain the ability to differentiate into a wide range of cell types while undergoing self-renewal. They also exhibit an unusual mode of cell cycle regulation, reflected by a cell cycle structure where G1 and G2 phases are truncated. When individual PSCs are exposed to specification cues, they activate developmental programs and remodel the cell cycle so that the length of G1 and overall cell division times increase. The response of individual stem cells to pro-differentiation signals is strikingly heterogeneous, resulting in asynchronous differentiation. Recent evidence indicates that this phenomenon is due to cell cycle-dependent mechanisms that restrict the initial activation of developmental genes to the G1 phase. This suggests a broad biological mechanism where multipotent cells are 'primed' to initiate cell fate decisions during their transition through G1. Here, I discuss mechanisms underpinning the commitment towards the differentiated state and its relation to the cell cycle.
Collapse
|
74
|
Comparison of cell cycle components, apoptosis and cytoskeleton-related molecules and therapeutic effects of flavopiridol and geldanamycin on the mouse fibroblast, lung cancer and embryonic stem cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12423-12440. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
75
|
Kramer N, Rosner M, Kovacic B, Hengstschläger M. Full biological characterization of human pluripotent stem cells will open the door to translational research. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2173-2186. [PMID: 27325309 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), great hopes were held for their therapeutic application including disease modeling, drug discovery screenings, toxicological screenings and regenerative therapy. hESC and hiPSC have the advantage of indefinite self-renewal, thereby generating an inexhaustible pool of cells with, e.g., specific genotype for developing putative treatments; they can differentiate into derivatives of all three germ layers enabling autologous transplantation, and via donor-selection they can express various genotypes of interest for better disease modeling. Furthermore, drug screenings and toxicological screenings in hESC and hiPSC are more pertinent to identify drugs or chemical compounds that are harmful for human, than a mouse model could predict. Despite continuing research in the wide field of therapeutic applications, further understanding of the underlying basic mechanisms of stem cell function is necessary. Here, we summarize current knowledge concerning pluripotency, self-renewal, apoptosis, motility, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kramer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Rosner
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Boris Kovacic
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Singh AM, Trost R, Boward B, Dalton S. Utilizing FUCCI reporters to understand pluripotent stem cell biology. Methods 2016; 101:4-10. [PMID: 26404921 PMCID: PMC4801677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) system provides a powerful method to evaluate cell cycle mechanisms associated with stem cell self-renewal and cell fate specification. By integrating the FUCCI system into human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) it is possible to isolate homogeneous fractions of viable cells representative of all cell cycle phases. This method avoids problems associated with traditional tools used for cell cycle analysis such as synchronizing drugs, elutriation and temperature sensitive mutants. Importantly, FUCCI reporters allow cell cycle events in dynamic systems, such as differentiation, to be evaluated. Initial reports on the FUCCI system focused on its strengths in reporting spatio-temporal aspects of cell cycle events in living cells and developmental models. In this report, we describe approaches that broaden the application of FUCCI reporters in PSCs through incorporation of FACS. This approach allows molecular analysis of the cell cycle in stem cell systems that were not previously possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar M Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert Trost
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Benjamin Boward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Zhao ZA, Yu Y, Ma HX, Wang XX, Lu X, Zhai Y, Zhang X, Wang H, Li L. The roles of ERAS during cell lineage specification of mouse early embryonic development. Open Biol 2016; 5:rsob.150092. [PMID: 26269429 PMCID: PMC4554925 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eras encodes a Ras-like GTPase protein that was originally identified as an embryonic stem cell-specific Ras. ERAS has been known to be required for the growth of embryonic stem cells and stimulates somatic cell reprogramming, suggesting its roles on mouse early embryonic development. We now report a dynamic expression pattern of Eras during mouse peri-implantation development: its expression increases at the blastocyst stage, and specifically decreases in E7.5 mesoderm. In accordance with its expression pattern, the increased expression of Eras promotes cell proliferation through controlling AKT activation and the commitment from ground to primed state through ERK activation in mouse embryonic stem cells; and the reduced expression of Eras facilitates primitive streak and mesoderm formation through AKT inhibition during gastrulation. The expression of Eras is finely regulated to match its roles in mouse early embryonic development during which Eras expression is negatively regulated by the β-catenin pathway. Thus, beyond its well-known role on cell proliferation, ERAS may also play important roles in cell lineage specification during mouse early embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai-Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xukun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Crabbé MAE, Gijbels K, Visser A, Craeye D, Walbers S, Pinxteren J, Deans RJ, Annaert W, Vaes BLT. Using miRNA-mRNA Interaction Analysis to Link Biologically Relevant miRNAs to Stem Cell Identity Testing for Next-Generation Culturing Development. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:709-22. [PMID: 27075768 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Therapeutic benefit of stem cells has been demonstrated in multiple disease models and clinical trials. Robust quality assurance is imperative to make advancements in culturing procedures to enable large-scale cell manufacturing without hampering therapeutic potency. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are shown to be master regulators of biological processes and are potentially ideal quality markers. We determined miRNA markers differentially expressed under nonclinical multipotent adult progenitor cell (MAPC) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) culturing conditions that regulate important stem cell features, such as proliferation and differentiation. These bone marrow-derived stem cell types were selected because they both exert therapeutic functions, but have different proliferative and regenerative capacities. To determine cell-specific marker miRNAs and assess their effects on stem cell qualities, a miRNA and mRNA profiling was performed on MAPCs and MSCs isolated from three shared donors. We applied an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis-based strategy that combined an integrated RNA profile analysis and a biological function analysis to determine the effects of miRNA-mRNA interactions on phenotype. This resulted in the identification of important miRNA markers linked to cell-cycle regulation and development, the most distinctive being MAPC marker miR-204-5p and MSC marker miR-335-5p, for which we provide in vitro validation of its function in differentiation and cell cycle regulation, respectively. Importantly, marker expression is maintained under xeno-free conditions and during bioreactor isolation and expansion of MAPC cultures. In conclusion, the identified biologically relevant miRNA markers can be used to monitor stem cell stability when implementing variations in culturing procedures. SIGNIFICANCE Human adult marrow stromal stem cells have shown great potential in addressing unmet health care needs. Quality assurance is imperative to make advancements in large-scale manufacturing procedures. MicroRNAs are master regulators of biological processes and potentially ideal quality markers. MicroRNA and mRNA profiling data of two human adult stem cell types were correlated to biological functions in silico. Doing this provided evidence that differentially expressed microRNAs are involved in regulating specific stem cell features. Furthermore, expression of a selected microRNA panel was maintained in next-generation culturing platforms, demonstrating the robustness of microRNA profiling in stem cell comparability testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian A E Crabbé
- ReGenesys BVBA, Heverlee, Belgium Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert J Deans
- Regenerative Medicine, Athersys Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, USA Rubius Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wim Annaert
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Farrugia MK, Vanderbilt DB, Salkeni MA, Ruppert JM. Kruppel-like Pluripotency Factors as Modulators of Cancer Cell Therapeutic Responses. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1677-82. [PMID: 26964625 PMCID: PMC4873413 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells inherit from their normal precursors an extensive stress response machinery that is critical for survival in response to challenges including oxidative stress, wounding, and shear stress. Kruppel-like transcription factors, including KLF4 and KLF5, are rarely affected by genetic alteration during tumorigenesis, but compose key components of the stress response machinery in normal and tumor cells and interact with critical survival pathways, including RAS, p53, survivin, and the BCL2 family of cell death regulators. Within tumor cells, KLF4 and KLF5 play key roles in tumor cell fate, regulating cell proliferation, cell survival, and the tumor-initiating properties of cancer stem-like cells. These factors can be preferentially expressed in embryonic stem cells or cancer stem-like cells. Indeed, specific KLFs represent key components of a cross-regulating pluripotency network in embryonic stem cells and induce pluripotency when coexpressed in adult cells with other Yamanaka factors. Suggesting analogies between this pluripotency network and the cancer cell adaptive reprogramming that occurs in response to targeted therapy, recent studies link KLF4 and KLF5 to adaptive prosurvival signaling responses induced by HER2-targeted therapy. We review literature supporting KLFs as shared mechanisms in stress adaptation and cellular reprogramming and address the therapeutic implications. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1677-82. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Farrugia
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Daniel B Vanderbilt
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mohamad A Salkeni
- The West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - J Michael Ruppert
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Program in Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. The West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Boward B, Wu T, Dalton S. Concise Review: Control of Cell Fate Through Cell Cycle and Pluripotency Networks. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1427-36. [PMID: 26889666 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) proliferate rapidly with a characteristic cell cycle structure consisting of short G1- and G2-gap phases. This applies broadly to PSCs of peri-implantation stage embryos, cultures of embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and embryonal carcinoma cells. During the early stages of PSC differentiation however, cell division times increase as a consequence of cell cycle remodeling. Most notably, this is indicated by elongation of the G1-phase. Observations linking changes in the cell cycle with exit from pluripotency have raised questions about the role of cell cycle control in maintenance of the pluripotent state. Until recently however, this has been a difficult question to address because of limitations associated with experimental tools. Recent studies now show that pluripotency and cell cycle regulatory networks are intertwined and that cell cycle control mechanisms are an integral, mechanistic part of the PSC state. Studies in embryonal carcinoma, some 30 years ago, first suggested that pluripotent cells initiate differentiation when in the G1-phase. More recently, a molecular "priming" mechanism has been proposed to explain these observations in human embryonic stem cells. Complexity in this area has been increased by the realization that pluripotent cells exist in multiple developmental states and that in addition to each having their own characteristic gene expression and epigenetic signatures, they potentially have alternate modes of cell cycle regulation. This review will summarize current knowledge in these areas and will highlight important aspects of interconnections between the cell cycle, self-renewal, pluripotency, and cell fate decisions. Stem Cells 2016;34:1427-1436.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Boward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Tianming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Lanza DG, Dawson EP, Rao P, Heaney JD. Misexpression of cyclin D1 in embryonic germ cells promotes testicular teratoma initiation. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:919-30. [PMID: 26901436 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1149272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular teratomas result from anomalies in embryonic germ cell development. In the 129 family of inbred mouse strains, teratomas arise during the same developmental period that male germ cells normally enter G1/G0 mitotic arrest and female germ cells initiate meiosis (the mitotic:meiotic switch). Dysregulation of this switch associates with teratoma susceptibility and involves three germ cell developmental abnormalities seemingly critical for tumor initiation: delayed G1/G0 mitotic arrest, retention of pluripotency, and misexpression of genes normally restricted to embryonic female and adult male germ cells. One misexpressed gene, cyclin D1 (Ccnd1), is a known regulator of cell cycle progression and an oncogene in many tissues. Here, we investigated whether Ccnd1 misexpression in embryonic germ cells is a determinant of teratoma susceptibility in mice. We found that CCND1 localizes to teratoma-susceptible germ cells that fail to enter G1/G0 arrest during the mitotic:meiotic switch and is the only D-type cyclin misexpressed during this critical developmental time frame. We discovered that Ccnd1 deficiency in teratoma-susceptible mice significantly reduced teratoma incidence and suppressed the germ cell proliferation and pluripotency abnormalities associated with tumor initiation. Importantly, Ccnd1 expression was dispensable for somatic cell development and male germ cell specification and maturation in tumor-susceptible mice, implying that the mechanisms by which Ccnd1 deficiency reduced teratoma incidence were germ cell autonomous and specific to tumorigenesis. We conclude that misexpression of Ccnd1 in male germ cells is a key component of a larger pro-proliferative program that disrupts the mitotic:meiotic switch and predisposes 129 inbred mice to testicular teratocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise G Lanza
- a Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Emily P Dawson
- a Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Priya Rao
- b Department of Pathology , MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Jason D Heaney
- a Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,c Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,d Center For Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Chen C, Xue Y, Zhang D, Xu W, Xu H, Yao H, Pei D, Gu Y. Short hairpin RNA silencing of TGF-βRII and FZD-7 synergistically suppresses proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2039-2046. [PMID: 26998118 PMCID: PMC4774445 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional regulator of cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation and migration. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has been implicated in a wide spectrum of diseases, including numerous cancers and degenerative disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate if simultaneous blocking of TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways exerts synergistic anti-tumor effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Short hairpin (sh) RNA eukaryotic expression vectors, specific to TGF-β receptor II (RII) and Frizzled receptor (FZD)-7, were constructed by gene recombination. The expression vectors were transfected into human HCC HepG2 and Huh-7 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 to investigate the synergistic effects between TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways on HCC cell proliferation, invasion and migration and the cell-cycle distribution. Western blot analysis was used to identify the expression of β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 in transfected cells to investigate the underlying mechanisms that cause TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HCC cells. shTGF-βRII-c and shFZD-7-2 were selected as the most efficient plasmids. A cell growth assay and colony-forming assay consistently demonstrated that the proliferative activity of the co-transfected group was significantly decreased compared to the single-transfected group. A wound healing invasion and migration assay demonstrated that co-transfection of shTGF-βRII-c and shFZD-7-2 decreased the invasion and migration abilities of the cells compared with either single-transfected group. In addition, the present study demonstrated that the observed reduction in cell proliferation was due to the cells arresting at the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and the downregulation of β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 impaired the proliferative and invasive abilities of the HCC cells. The present results demonstrate that simultaneous blocking of TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin signaling by targeting TGF-βRII and FZD-7 may inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells more effectively compared with blocking either the TGF-β or Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yuyang Xue
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Matus DQ, Lohmer LL, Kelley LC, Schindler AJ, Kohrman AQ, Barkoulas M, Zhang W, Chi Q, Sherwood DR. Invasive Cell Fate Requires G1 Cell-Cycle Arrest and Histone Deacetylase-Mediated Changes in Gene Expression. Dev Cell 2016; 35:162-74. [PMID: 26506306 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite critical roles in development and cancer, the mechanisms that specify invasive cellular behavior are poorly understood. Through a screen of transcription factors in Caenorhabditis elegans, we identified G1 cell-cycle arrest as a precisely regulated requirement of the anchor cell (AC) invasion program. We show that the nuclear receptor nhr-67/tlx directs the AC into G1 arrest in part through regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor cki-1. Loss of nhr-67 resulted in non-invasive, mitotic ACs that failed to express matrix metalloproteinases or actin regulators and lack invadopodia, F-actin-rich membrane protrusions that facilitate invasion. We further show that G1 arrest is necessary for the histone deacetylase HDA-1, a key regulator of differentiation, to promote pro-invasive gene expression and invadopodia formation. Together, these results suggest that invasive cell fate requires G1 arrest and that strategies targeting both G1-arrested and actively cycling cells may be needed to halt metastatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Q Matus
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
| | - Lauren L Lohmer
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Laura C Kelley
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Adam J Schindler
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Abraham Q Kohrman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Michalis Barkoulas
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road SAF Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Qiuyi Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Julian LM, Carpenedo RL, Rothberg JLM, Stanford WL. Formula G1: Cell cycle in the driver's seat of stem cell fate determination. Bioessays 2016; 38:325-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Julian
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research; Regenerative Medicine Program; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa ON Canada
- Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies; Ottawa; ON Canada
| | - Richard L. Carpenedo
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research; Regenerative Medicine Program; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa ON Canada
- Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies; Ottawa; ON Canada
| | - Janet L. Manias Rothberg
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research; Regenerative Medicine Program; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa ON Canada
- Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies; Ottawa; ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - William L. Stanford
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research; Regenerative Medicine Program; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ottawa ON Canada
- Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies; Ottawa; ON Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry; Microbiology and Immunology; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology; Ottawa; Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Abstract
The causal relationship between the cell cycle and cell fate has recently been reconsidered in several developmental systems, now including sex determination. Direct links between cell cycle machinery and developmental factors demonstrate how modulating the cell cycle can have a profound influence on cellular decisions, through phenomena largely divided into phase-specific interactions seen as "priming" and "competence," or global changes in transcription or histone modifications during transitions. This integration challenges the common view of cell fate landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Bunce
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
In K, Zaini MA, Müller C, Warren AJ, von Lindern M, Calkhoven CF. Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) protein deficiency impairs translation re-initiation from C/EBPα and C/EBPβ mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:4134-46. [PMID: 26762974 PMCID: PMC4872075 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Shwachman–Bodian–Diamond Syndrome (SBDS) gene cause Shwachman–Diamond Syndrome (SDS), a rare congenital disease characterized by bone marrow failure with neutropenia, exocrine pancreatic dysfunction and skeletal abnormalities. The SBDS protein is important for ribosome maturation and therefore SDS belongs to the ribosomopathies. It is unknown, however, if loss of SBDS functionality affects the translation of specific mRNAs and whether this could play a role in the development of the clinical features of SDS. Here, we report that translation of the C/EBPα and -β mRNAs, that are indispensible regulators of granulocytic differentiation, is altered by SBDS mutations or knockdown. We show that SBDS function is specifically required for efficient translation re-initiation into the protein isoforms C/EBPα-p30 and C/EBPβ-LIP, which is controlled by a single cis-regulatory upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTRs) of both mRNAs. Furthermore, we show that as a consequence of the C/EBPα and -β deregulation the expression of MYC is decreased with associated reduction in proliferation, suggesting that failure of progenitor proliferation contributes to the haematological phenotype of SDS. Therefore, our study provides the first indication that disturbance of specific translation by loss of SBDS function may contribute to the development of the SDS phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin In
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mohamad A Zaini
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany European Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Müller
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany European Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, the Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marieke von Lindern
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Hematopoiesis, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis F Calkhoven
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, D-07745 Jena, Germany European Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
El-Badawy A, El-Badri N. The cell cycle as a brake for β-cell regeneration from embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:9. [PMID: 26759123 PMCID: PMC4711007 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of insulin-producing β cells from stem cells in vitro provides a promising source of cells for cell transplantation therapy in diabetes. However, insulin-producing cells generated from human stem cells show deficiency in many functional characteristics compared with pancreatic β cells. Recent reports have shown molecular ties between the cell cycle and the differentiation mechanism of embryonic stem (ES) cells, assuming that cell fate decisions are controlled by the cell cycle machinery. Both β cells and ES cells possess unique cell cycle machinery yet with significant contrasts. In this review, we compare the cell cycle control mechanisms in both ES cells and β cells, and highlight the fundamental differences between pluripotent cells of embryonic origin and differentiated β cells. Through critical analysis of the differences of the cell cycle between these two cell types, we propose that the cell cycle of ES cells may act as a brake for β-cell regeneration. Based on these differences, we discuss the potential of modulating the cell cycle of ES cells for the large-scale generation of functionally mature β cells in vitro. Further understanding of the factors that modulate the ES cell cycle will lead to new approaches to enhance the production of functional mature insulin-producing cells, and yield a reliable system to generate bona fide β cells in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Badawy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, 12588, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, 12588, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Gu Y, Jones AE, Yang W, Liu S, Dai Q, Liu Y, Swindle CS, Zhou D, Zhang Z, Ryan TM, Townes TM, Klug CA, Chen D, Wang H. The histone H2A deubiquitinase Usp16 regulates hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113. [DOI: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1517041113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance
Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) represents an important epigenetic regulator, which exerts its effect on gene expression via histone H2A ubiquitination (ubH2A). We developed a conditional
Usp16
knockout mouse model and demonstrated that
Usp16
is indispensable for hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) lineage commitment. We identified Usp16 to be a H2A deubiquitinase that counterbalances the PRC1 ubiquitin ligase to control ubH2A level in the hematopoietic system. Conditional
Usp16
deletion led to altered expression of many regulators of chromatin organization and hematopoiesis. In addition, Usp16 maintains normal HSC cell cycle status via repressing the expression of
Cdkn1a
, which encodes p21cip1, an inhibitor of cell cycle entry. This study provides novel insights into the epigenetic mechanism that regulates hematopoiesis and HSC function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Amanda E. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Qian Dai
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - C. Scott Swindle
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Dewang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Thomas M. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Tim M. Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Christopher A. Klug
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Stem Cell Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Singh AM, Perry DW, Steffey VVA, Miller K, Allison DW. Decoding the Epigenetic Heterogeneity of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells with Seamless Gene Editing. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1516:153-169. [PMID: 27075976 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2016_324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells exhibit cell cycle-regulated heterogeneity for trimethylation of histone-3 on lysine-4 (H3K4me3) on developmental gene promoters containing bivalent epigenetic domains. The heterogeneity of H3K4me3 can be attributed to Cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2) phosphorylation and activation of the histone methyltransferase, MLL2 (KMT2B), during late-G1. The deposition of H3K4me3 on developmental promoters in late-G1 establishes a permissive chromatin architecture that enables signaling cues to promote differentiation from the G1 phase. These data suggest that the inhibition of MLL2 phosphorylation and activation will prevent the initiation of differentiation. Here, we describe a method to seamlessly modify a putative CDK2 phosphorylation site on MLL2 to restrict its phosphorylation and activation. Specifically, by utilizing dimeric CRISPR RNA-guided nucleases, RFNs (commercially known as the NextGEN™ CRISPR), in combination with an excision-only piggyBac™ transposase, we demonstrate how to generate a point mutation of threonine-542, a predicted site to prevent MLL2 activation. This gene editing method enables the use of both positive and negative selection, and allows for subsequent removal of the donor cassette without leaving behind any unwanted DNA sequences or modifications. This seamless "donor-excision" approach provides clear advantages over using single stranded oligo-deoxynucleotides (ssODN) as donors to create point mutations, as the use of ssODN necessitate additional mutations in the donor PAM sequence, along with extensive cloning efforts. The method described here therefore provides the highest targeting efficiency with the lowest "off-target" mutation rates possible, while removing the labor-intensive efforts associated with screening thousands of clones. In sum, this chapter describes how seamless gene editing may be utilized to examine stem cell heterogeneity of epigenetic marks, but is also widely applicable for performing precise genetic manipulations in numerous other cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar M Singh
- Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., 535 W. Second Street, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA.
| | - Dustin W Perry
- Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., 535 W. Second Street, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Miller
- Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., 535 W. Second Street, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA
| | - Daniel W Allison
- Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., 535 W. Second Street, Lexington, KY, 40508, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
The histone H2A deubiquitinase Usp16 regulates hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 113:E51-60. [PMID: 26699484 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517041113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play important regulatory roles in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Subunits of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), the major histone H2A ubiquitin ligase, are critical for both normal and pathological hematopoiesis; however, it is unclear which of the several counteracting H2A deubiquitinases functions along with PRC1 to control H2A ubiquitination (ubH2A) level and regulates hematopoiesis in vivo. Here we investigated the function of Usp16 in mouse hematopoiesis. Conditional deletion of Usp16 in bone marrow resulted in a significant increase of global ubH2A level and lethality. Usp16 deletion did not change HSC number but was associated with a dramatic reduction of mature and progenitor cell populations, revealing a role in governing HSC lineage commitment. ChIP- and RNA-sequencing studies in HSC and progenitor cells revealed that Usp16 bound to many important hematopoietic regulators and that Usp16 deletion altered the expression of genes in transcription/chromosome organization, immune response, hematopoietic/lymphoid organ development, and myeloid/leukocyte differentiation. The altered gene expression was partly rescued by knockdown of PRC1 subunits, suggesting that Usp16 and PRC1 counterbalance each other to regulate cellular ubH2A level and gene expression in the hematopoietic system. We further discovered that knocking down Cdkn1a (p21cip1), a Usp16 target and regulated gene, rescued the altered cell cycle profile and differentiation defect of Usp16-deleted HSCs. Collectively, these studies identified Usp16 as one of the histone H2A deubiquitinases, which coordinates with the H2A ubiquitin ligase PRC1 to regulate hematopoiesis, and revealed cell cycle regulation by Usp16 as key for HSC differentiation.
Collapse
|
91
|
Yasuda N, Sekine H, Bise R, Okano T, Shimizu T. Tracing behavior of endothelial cells promotes vascular network formation. Microvasc Res 2015; 105:125-31. [PMID: 26687561 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro formation of network structures derived from endothelial cells in grafts before transplantation contributes to earlier engraftment. In a previous study, endothelial cells migrated to form a net-shaped structure in co-culture. However, the specific network formation behavior of endothelial cells during migration remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the tracing behavior and cell cycle of endothelial cells using Fucci-labeled (Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicator) endothelial cells. Here, we observed the co-culture of Fucci-labeled human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) together with normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) using time-lapse imaging and analyzed by multicellular concurrent tracking. In the G0/G1 period, HUVECs migrate faster than in the S/G2/M period, because G0/G1 is the mobile phase and S/G2/M is the proliferation phase in the cell cycle. When HUVECs are co-cultured, they tend to move randomly until they find existing tracks that they then follow to form clusters. Extracellular matrix (ECM) staining showed that collagen IV, laminin and thrombospondin deposited in accordance with endothelial cell networks. Therefore the HUVECs may migrate on the secreted ECM and exhibit tracing behavior, where the HUVECs migrate toward each other. These results suggested that ECM and a cell phase contributed to form a network by accelerating cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Yasuda
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sekine
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoma Bise
- Advanced Business Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Crosstalk between stem cell and cell cycle machineries. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 37:68-74. [PMID: 26520682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells, defined by an unlimited self-renewal capacity and an undifferentiated state, are best typified by embryonic stem cells. These cells have a unique cell cycle compared to somatic cells as defined by a rapid progression through the cell cycle and a minimal time spent in G1. Recent reports indicate that pluripotency and cell cycle regulation are mechanistically linked. In this review, we discuss the reciprocal co-regulation of these processes, how this co-regulation may prevent differentiation, and how cellular reprogramming can re-establish the unique cell cycle regulation in induced pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
|
93
|
Sun M, Liao B, Tao Y, Chen H, Xiao F, Gu J, Gao S, Jin Y. Calcineurin-NFAT Signaling Controls Somatic Cell Reprogramming in a Stage-Dependent Manner. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1151-62. [PMID: 26448199 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin-NFAT signaling is critical for early lineage specification of mouse embryonic stem cells and early embryos. However, its roles in somatic cell reprogramming remain unknown. Here, we report that calcineurin-NFAT signaling has a dynamic activity and plays diverse roles at different stages of reprogramming. At the early stage, calcineurin-NFAT signaling is transiently activated and its activation is required for successful reprogramming. However, at the late stage of reprogramming, activation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling becomes a barrier for reprogramming and its inactivation is critical for successful induction of pluripotency. Mechanistically, calcineurin-NFAT signaling contributes to the reprogramming through regulating multiple early events during reprogramming, including mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET), cell adhesion and emergence of SSEA1(+) intermediate cells. Collectively, this study reveals for the first time the important roles of calcineurin-NFAT signaling during somatic cell reprogramming and provides new insights into the molecular regulation of reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,The College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Gu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Stem Cell Institute, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Parker DJ, Iyer A, Shah S, Moran A, Hjelmeland AB, Basu MK, Liu R, Mitra K. A new mitochondrial pool of cyclin E, regulated by Drp1, is linked to cell-density-dependent cell proliferation. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4171-82. [PMID: 26446260 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.172429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation and function of the crucial cell cycle regulator cyclin E (CycE) remains elusive. Unlike other cyclins, CycE can be uniquely controlled by mitochondrial energetics, the exact mechanism being unclear. Using mammalian cells (in vitro) and Drosophila (in vivo) model systems in parallel, we show that CycE can be directly regulated by mitochondria through its recruitment to the organelle. Active mitochondrial bioenergetics maintains a distinct mitochondrial pool of CycE (mtCycE) lacking a key phosphorylation required for its degradation. Loss of the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1, SwissProt O00429 in humans) augments mitochondrial respiration and elevates the mtCycE pool allowing CycE deregulation, cell cycle alterations and enrichment of stem cell markers. Such CycE deregulation after Drp1 loss attenuates cell proliferation in low-cell-density environments. However, in high-cell-density environments, elevated MEK-ERK signaling in the absence of Drp1 releases mtCycE to support escape of contact inhibition and maintain aberrant cell proliferation. Such Drp1-driven regulation of CycE recruitment to mitochondria might be a mechanism to modulate CycE degradation during normal developmental processes as well as in tumorigenic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danitra J Parker
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Archana Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shikha Shah
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Aida Moran
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Malay Kumar Basu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Runhua Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Lee KS, Kwak Y, Nam KH, Kim DW, Kang SB, Choe G, Kim WH, Lee HS. c-MYC Copy-Number Gain Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients with Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139727. [PMID: 26426996 PMCID: PMC4591346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and clinicopathological significance of c-MYC gene copy-number (GCN) gain in patients with primary colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods The c-MYC GCN was investigated in 367 consecutive CRC patients (cohort 1) by using dual-color silver in situ hybridization. Additionally, to evaluate regional heterogeneity, we examined CRC tissue from 3 sites including the primary cancer, distant metastasis, and lymph-node metastasis in 152 advanced CRC patients (cohort 2). KRAS exons 2 and 3 were investigated for mutations. Results In cohort 1, c-MYC gene amplification, defined by a c-MYC:centromere of chromosome 8 ratio ≥ 2.0, was detected in 31 (8.4%) of 367 patients. A c-MYC GCN gain, defined by ≥ 4.0 c-MYC copies/nucleus, was found in 63 (17.2%) patients and was associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.015). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the hazard ratio for c-MYC GCN gain was 2.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.453–3.802; P < 0.001). In a subgroup of stage II-III CRC patients, c-MYC GCN gain was significantly associated with poor prognosis by univariate (P = 0.034) and multivariate (P = 0.040) analyses. c-MYC protein overexpression was observed in 201 (54.8%) out of 367 patients and weakly correlated with c-MYC GCN gain (ρ, 0.211). In cohort 2, the c-MYC genetic status was heterogenous in advanced CRC patients. Discordance between GCN gain in the primary tumor and either distant or lymph-node metastasis was 25.7% and 30.4%, respectively. A similar frequency for c-MYC GCN gain and amplification was observed in CRC patients with both wild-type and mutated KRAS. Conclusions c-MYC GCN gain was an independent factor for poor prognosis in consecutive CRC patients and in the stage II-III subgroup. Our findings indicate that the status of c-MYC may be helpful in predicting the patients’ outcome and for managing CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sang Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Kwak
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Han Nam
- Department of Pathology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Singh AM, Sun Y, Li L, Zhang W, Wu T, Zhao S, Qin Z, Dalton S. Cell-Cycle Control of Bivalent Epigenetic Domains Regulates the Exit from Pluripotency. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:323-36. [PMID: 26278042 PMCID: PMC4618451 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we show that bivalent domains and chromosome architecture for bivalent genes are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle in human pluripotent cells. Central to this is the transient increase in H3K4-trimethylation at developmental genes during G1, thereby creating a “window of opportunity” for cell-fate specification. This mechanism is controlled by CDK2-dependent phosphorylation of the MLL2 (KMT2B) histone methyl-transferase, which facilitates its recruitment to developmental genes in G1. MLL2 binding is required for changes in chromosome architecture around developmental genes and establishes promoter-enhancer looping interactions in a cell-cycle-dependent manner. These cell-cycle-regulated loops are shown to be essential for activation of bivalent genes and pluripotency exit. These findings demonstrate that bivalent domains are established to control the cell-cycle-dependent activation of developmental genes so that differentiation initiates from the G1 phase. Bivalent domains are unstable, dynamic, and cell-cycle regulated CDK2 phosphorylates MLL2 and establishes bivalent domains in G1 Chromosome remodeling in G1 is required for the “poised” pluripotent state
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar M Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yuhua Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Tianming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Shaying Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zhaohui Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Paul D. Coverdell Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Georgia, 500 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Akagi T, Kuure S, Uranishi K, Koide H, Costantini F, Yokota T. ETS-related transcription factors ETV4 and ETV5 are involved in proliferation and induction of differentiation-associated genes in embryonic stem (ES) cells. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26224636 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.675595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The pluripotency and self-renewal capacity of embryonic stem (ES) cells is regulated by several transcription factors. Here, we show that the ETS-related transcription factors Etv4 and Etv5 (Etv4/5) are specifically expressed in undifferentiated ES cells, and suppression of Oct3/4 results in down-regulation of Etv4/5. Simultaneous deletion of Etv4 and Etv5 (Etv4/5 double knock-out (dKO)) in ES cells resulted in a flat, epithelial cell-like appearance, whereas the morphology changed into compact colonies in a 2i medium (containing two inhibitors for GSK3 and MEK/ERK). Expression levels of self-renewal marker genes, including Oct3/4 and Nanog, were similar between wild-type and dKO ES cells, whereas proliferation of Etv4/5 dKO ES cells was decreased with overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p16/p19, p15, and p57). A differentiation assay revealed that the embryoid bodies derived from Etv4/5 dKO ES cells were smaller than the control, and expression of ectoderm marker genes, including Fgf5, Sox1, and Pax3, was not induced in dKO-derived embryoid bodies. Microarray analysis demonstrated that stem cell-related genes, including Tcf15, Gbx2, Lrh1, Zic3, and Baf60c, were significantly repressed in Etv4/5 dKO ES cells. The artificial expression of Etv4 and/or Etv5 in Etv4/5 dKO ES cells induced re-expression of Tcf15 and Gbx2. These results indicate that Etv4 and Etv5, potentially through regulation of Gbx2 and Tcf15, are involved in the ES cell proliferation and induction of differentiation-associated genes in ES cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Akagi
- From the Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan,
| | - Satu Kuure
- the Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland, and
| | - Kousuke Uranishi
- From the Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koide
- From the Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Frank Costantini
- the Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Takashi Yokota
- From the Department of Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Mende N, Kuchen EE, Lesche M, Grinenko T, Kokkaliaris KD, Hanenberg H, Lindemann D, Dahl A, Platz A, Höfer T, Calegari F, Waskow C. CCND1-CDK4-mediated cell cycle progression provides a competitive advantage for human hematopoietic stem cells in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:1171-83. [PMID: 26150472 PMCID: PMC4516798 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of stem cell properties is associated with reduced proliferation but it is unknown whether the transition kinetics through distinct cell cycle phases influences the function of HSCs. Mende et al examine the effects of increasing two cell cycle complexes CCND1–CDK4 and CCNE1–CDK2 on the transition kinetics of human HSCs and their maintenance and functional alterations in vivo. Maintenance of stem cell properties is associated with reduced proliferation. However, in mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), loss of quiescence results in a wide range of phenotypes, ranging from functional failure to extensive self-renewal. It remains unknown whether the function of human HSCs is controlled by the kinetics of cell cycle progression. Using human HSCs and human progenitor cells (HSPCs), we report here that elevated levels of CCND1–CDK4 complexes promoted the transit from G0 to G1 and shortened the G1 cell cycle phase, resulting in protection from differentiation-inducing signals in vitro and increasing human leukocyte engraftment in vivo. Further, CCND1–CDK4 overexpression conferred a competitive advantage without impacting HSPC numbers. In contrast, accelerated cell cycle progression mediated by elevated levels of CCNE1–CDK2 led to the loss of functional HSPCs in vivo. Collectively, these data suggest that the transition kinetics through the early cell cycle phases are key regulators of human HSPC function and important for lifelong hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Mende
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Erika E Kuchen
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tatyana Grinenko
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Dirk Lindemann
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federico Calegari
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis and Animal Models in Hematopoiesis, Institute for Immunology, Institute of Virology, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Faculty of Medicine; Deep Sequencing Group SFB655, Biotechnology Center, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Maniwa Y, Kasukabe T, Kumakura S. Vitamin K2 and cotylenin A synergistically induce monocytic differentiation and growth arrest along with the suppression of c-MYC expression and induction of cyclin G2 expression in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:473-80. [PMID: 26046133 PMCID: PMC4501641 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a standard and effective drug used for differentiation therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia, ATRA-resistant leukemia cells ultimately emerge during this treatment. Therefore, the development of new drugs or effective combination therapy is urgently needed. We demonstrate that the combined treatment of vitamin K2 and cotylenin A synergistically induced monocytic differentiation in HL-60 cells. This combined treatment also synergistically induced NBT-reducing activity and non-specific esterase-positive cells as well as morphological changes to monocyte/macrophage-like cells. Vitamin K2 and cotylenin A cooperatively inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 cells in short-term and long-term cultures. This treatment also induced growth arrest at the G1 phase. Although 5 µg/ml cotylenin A or 5 µM vitamin K2 alone reduced c-MYC gene expression in HL-60 cells to approximately 45% or 80% that of control cells, respectively, the combined treatment almost completely suppressed c-MYC gene expression. We also demonstrated that the combined treatment of vitamin K2 and cotylenin A synergistically induced the expression of cyclin G2, which had a positive effect on the promotion and maintenance of cell cycle arrest. These results suggest that the combination of vitamin K2 and cotylenin A has therapeutic value in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Kasukabe
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kumakura
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Peng Z, Liu L, Wei X, Ling J. Expression of Oct-4, SOX-2, and MYC in dental papilla cells and dental follicle cells during in-vivo tooth development and in-vitro co-culture. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 122:251-8. [PMID: 25039286 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During tooth development, the special structure of dental follicle and dental papilla enables dental papilla cells (DPCs) and dental follicle cells (DFCs) to make contact with each other. Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), sex determining region Y box-2 (SOX-2), and cellular homologue of avian myelocytomatosis virus oncogene (MYC) (OSM) are associated with reprogramming and pluripotency. However, whether the expression of OSM could be activated through cell-cell communication is not known. In this study, the distribution of OSM in rat tooth germ was investigated by immunohistochemical staining. An in-vitro co-culture system of DPCs and DFCs was established. Cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycle stages, and expression of OSM were investigated by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) analysis, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. We found that Oct-4 and SOX-2 were strongly expressed in tooth germ on days 7 and 9 after birth, whereas MYC was expressed only on day 9. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were inhibited, the cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase, and the propidium iodide (PI) value was downregulated. Expression of Oct-4 and SOX-2 was significantly elevated in both cell types after 3 d of co-culture, whereas expression of MYC was not significantly elevated until day 5. These results indicate that the optimized microenvironment with cell-cell communication enhanced the expression of reprogramming markers associated with reprogramming capacity in DPCs and DFCs, both in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Peng
- Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology Guangzhou, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|