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Chou C, Lin CY, Lin CY, Wang A, Fan TP, Wang KT, Yu JK, Su YH. Tracing the evolutionary origin of chordate somites in the hemichordate Ptychodera flava. Integr Comp Biol 2024:icae020. [PMID: 38637301 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icae020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metameric somites are a novel character of chordates with unclear evolutionary origins. In the early branching chordate amphioxus, anterior somites are derived from the paraxial mesodermal cells that bud off the archenteron (i.e., enterocoely) at the end of gastrulation. Development of the anterior somites requires FGF signaling, and distinct somite compartments express orthologs of vertebrate non-axial mesodermal markers. Thus, it has been proposed that the amphioxus anterior somites are homologous to the vertebrate head mesoderm, paraxial mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm. To trace the evolutionary origin of somites, it is essential to study the chordates' closest sister group, Ambulacraria, which includes hemichordates and echinoderms. The anterior coeloms of hemichordate and sea urchin embryos (respectively called protocoel and coelomic pouches) are also formed by enterocoely and require FGF signals for specification and/or differentiation. In this study, we applied RNA-seq to comprehensively screen for regulatory genes associated with the mesoderm-derived protocoel of the hemichordate Ptychodera flava. We also used a candidate gene approach to identify P. flava orthologs of chordate somite markers. In situ hybridization results showed that many of these candidate genes are expressed in distinct or overlapping regions of the protocoel, which indicates that molecular compartments exist in the hemichordate anterior coelom. Given that the hemichordate protocoel and amphioxus anterior somites share a similar ontogenic process (enterocoely), induction signal (FGF), and characteristic expression of orthologous genes, we propose that these two anterior coeloms are indeed homologous. In the lineage leading to the emergence of chordates, somites likely evolved from enterocoelic, FGF-dependent, and molecularly compartmentalized anterior coeloms of the deuterostome last common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Chou
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yi Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anthony Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pei Fan
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Tse Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Kai Yu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 26242 Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Su
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Tsaytler P, Blaess G, Scholze-Wittler M, Koch F, Herrmann BG. Early neural specification of stem cells is mediated by a set of SOX2-dependent neural-associated enhancers. Stem Cell Reports 2024:S2213-6711(24)00078-X. [PMID: 38579708 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
SOX2 is a transcription factor involved in the regulatory network maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells in culture as well as in early embryos. In addition, SOX2 plays a pivotal role in neural stem cell formation and neurogenesis. How SOX2 can serve both processes has remained elusive. Here, we identified a set of SOX2-dependent neural-associated enhancers required for neural lineage priming. They form a distinct subgroup (1,898) among 8,531 OCT4/SOX2/NANOG-bound enhancers characterized by enhanced SOX2 binding and chromatin accessibility. Activation of these enhancers is triggered by neural induction of wild-type cells or by default in Smad4-ablated cells resistant to mesoderm induction and is antagonized by mesodermal transcription factors via Sox2 repression. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the transition from the pluripotency state to the early neural fate and into the regulation of early neural versus mesodermal specification in embryonic stem cells and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Tsaytler
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gaby Blaess
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuela Scholze-Wittler
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederic Koch
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernhard G Herrmann
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Lozovska A, Korovesi AG, Dias A, Lopes A, Fowler DA, Martins GG, Nóvoa A, Mallo M. Tgfbr1 controls developmental plasticity between the hindlimb and external genitalia by remodeling their regulatory landscape. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2509. [PMID: 38509075 PMCID: PMC10954616 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The hindlimb and external genitalia of present-day tetrapods are thought to derive from an ancestral common primordium that evolved to generate a wide diversity of structures adapted for efficient locomotion and mating in the ecological niche occupied by the species. We show that despite long evolutionary distance from the ancestral condition, the early primordium of the mouse external genitalia preserved the capacity to take hindlimb fates. In the absence of Tgfbr1, the pericloacal mesoderm generates an extra pair of hindlimbs at the expense of the external genitalia. It has been shown that the hindlimb and the genital primordia share many of their key regulatory factors. Tgfbr1 controls the response to those factors by modulating the accessibility status of regulatory elements that control the gene regulatory networks leading to the formation of genital or hindlimb structures. Our work uncovers a remarkable tissue plasticity with potential implications in the evolution of the hindlimb/genital area of tetrapods, and identifies an additional mechanism for Tgfbr1 activity that might also contribute to the control of other physiological or pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Lozovska
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Artemis G Korovesi
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - André Dias
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Lopes
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Donald A Fowler
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gabriel G Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Nóvoa
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Moisés Mallo
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156, Oeiras, Portugal.
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4
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Mohammad S, Roy A, Karatzas A, Sarver SL, Anagnostopoulos I, Chowdhury F. Deep Learning Powered Identification of Differentiated Early Mesoderm Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:534. [PMID: 38534378 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into all three germ-layers including ecto-, endo-, and mesoderm in vitro. However, the early identification and rapid characterization of each germ-layer in response to chemical and physical induction of differentiation is limited. This is a long-standing issue for rapid and high-throughput screening to determine lineage specification efficiency. Here, we present deep learning (DL) methodologies for predicting and classifying early mesoderm cells differentiated from embryoid bodies (EBs) based on cellular and nuclear morphologies. Using a transgenic murine embryonic stem cell (mESC) line, namely OGTR1, we validated the upregulation of mesodermal genes (Brachyury (T): DsRed) in cells derived from EBs for the deep learning model training. Cells were classified into mesodermal and non-mesodermal (representing endo- and ectoderm) classes using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model called InceptionV3 which achieved a very high classification accuracy of 97% for phase images and 90% for nuclei images. In addition, we also performed image segmentation using an Attention U-Net CNN and obtained a mean intersection over union of 61% and 69% for phase-contrast and nuclear images, respectively. This work highlights the potential of integrating cell culture, imaging technologies, and deep learning methodologies in identifying lineage specification, thus contributing to the advancements in regenerative medicine. Collectively, our trained deep learning models can predict the mesoderm cells with high accuracy based on cellular and nuclear morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakib Mohammad
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Arpan Roy
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Andreas Karatzas
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Sydney L Sarver
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Iraklis Anagnostopoulos
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Farhan Chowdhury
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Materials Engineering, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
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5
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Mensah IK, Emerson ML, Tan HJ, Gowher H. Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by WNT Switch Method. Cells 2024; 13:132. [PMID: 38247824 PMCID: PMC10814988 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of ESCs into cardiomyocytes in vitro is an excellent and reliable model system for studying normal cardiomyocyte development in mammals, modeling cardiac diseases, and for use in drug screening. Mouse ESC differentiation still provides relevant biological information about cardiac development. However, the current methods for efficiently differentiating ESCs into cardiomyocytes are limiting. Here, we describe the "WNT Switch" method to efficiently commit mouse ESCs into cardiomyocytes using the small molecule WNT signaling modulators CHIR99021 and XAV939 in vitro. This method significantly improves the yield of beating cardiomyocytes, reduces number of treatments, and is less laborious.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Humaira Gowher
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (I.K.M.); (H.J.T.)
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6
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Şişli HB, Şenkal Turhan S, Bulut E, Şahin F, Doğan A. The Role of Aplnr Signaling in the Developmental Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300217. [PMID: 37840394 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are invaluable resources for personalized medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received great attention as therapeutic tools due to being a safe, ethical, and accessible option with immunomodulatory and controlled differentiation properties. Apelin receptor (Aplnr) signaling is reported to be involved in biological events, including gastrulation, mesoderm migration, proliferation of MSCs. However, the knowledge about the exact role and mechanism of Aplnr signaling during mesoderm and MSCs differentiation is still primitive. The current study aims to unveil the role of Aplnr signaling during mesoderm and MSC differentiation from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) through peptide/small molecule activation, overexpression, knock down or CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knock out of the pathway components. Morphological changes, gene and protein expression analysis, including antibody array, LC/MS, mRNA/miRNA sequencing, reveal that Aplnr signaling promotes mesoderm commitment possibly via EGFR and TGF-beta signaling pathways and enhances migration of cells during mesoderm differentiation. Moreover, Aplnr signaling positively regulates MSCs differentiation from hPSCs and increases MSC characteristics and differentiation capacity by regulating pathways, such as EGFR, TGFβ, Wnt, PDGF, and FGF. Osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic differentiations are significantly enhanced with Aplnr signaling activity. This study generates an important foundation to generate high potential MSCs from PSCs to be used in personalized cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Burcu Şişli
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal Turhan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bulut
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, 34755, Turkey
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7
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Kulkarni S, Saha M, Slosberg J, Singh A, Nagaraj S, Becker L, Zhang C, Bukowski A, Wang Z, Liu G, Leser JM, Kumar M, Bakhshi S, Anderson MJ, Lewandoski M, Vincent E, Goff LA, Pasricha PJ. Age-associated changes in lineage composition of the enteric nervous system regulate gut health and disease. eLife 2023; 12:RP88051. [PMID: 38108810 PMCID: PMC10727506 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS), a collection of neural cells contained in the wall of the gut, is of fundamental importance to gastrointestinal and systemic health. According to the prevailing paradigm, the ENS arises from progenitor cells migrating from the neural crest and remains largely unchanged thereafter. Here, we show that the lineage composition of maturing ENS changes with time, with a decline in the canonical lineage of neural-crest derived neurons and their replacement by a newly identified lineage of mesoderm-derived neurons. Single cell transcriptomics and immunochemical approaches establish a distinct expression profile of mesoderm-derived neurons. The dynamic balance between the proportions of neurons from these two different lineages in the post-natal gut is dependent on the availability of their respective trophic signals, GDNF-RET and HGF-MET. With increasing age, the mesoderm-derived neurons become the dominant form of neurons in the ENS, a change associated with significant functional effects on intestinal motility which can be reversed by GDNF supplementation. Transcriptomic analyses of human gut tissues show reduced GDNF-RET signaling in patients with intestinal dysmotility which is associated with reduction in neural crest-derived neuronal markers and concomitant increase in transcriptional patterns specific to mesoderm-derived neurons. Normal intestinal function in the adult gastrointestinal tract therefore appears to require an optimal balance between these two distinct lineages within the ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonUnited States
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Monalee Saha
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jared Slosberg
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alpana Singh
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Sushma Nagaraj
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Laren Becker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University – School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Chengxiu Zhang
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alicia Bukowski
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Zhuolun Wang
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Guosheng Liu
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jenna M Leser
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Mithra Kumar
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Shriya Bakhshi
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Matthew J Anderson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederickUnited States
| | - Mark Lewandoski
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederickUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Vincent
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Loyal A Goff
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Kavli Neurodiscovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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8
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Kuzmina TV, Temereva EN. Two Sources of Mesoderm in Brachiopods. Dokl Biol Sci 2023; 513:S19-S21. [PMID: 38190043 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623700837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In Bilateria, the formation of the coelomic mesoderm occurs in various ways and is of great significance for comparative embryology and phylogeny. Several early ontogenetic stages were studied in the brachiopod Coptothyris grayi by scanning electron microscopy and cytochemistry combined with confocal laser microscopy. Two sources of the mesoderm were observed to form simultaneously from the anterior and posterior walls of the archenteron at the gastrula stage. Both anterior and posterior rudiments form enterocoely as unpaired protrusions of the wall of the archenteron and are subsequently separated from it. The findings confirmed the previous data on enterocoely in brachiopods. Moreover, a dual origin of the coelomic mesoderm from an anterior and a posterior precursor was for the first time demonstrated for all brachiopods. Analysis of the literature showed that two sources of the coelomic mesoderm in ontogeny are characteristic of representatives of various groups of protostomes and deuterostomes. This fact may provide evidence for the earlier hypothesis of plesiomorphy of two sources of the mesoderm in Bilateria.
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Bulger EA, Muncie-Vasic I, Libby AR, McDevitt TC, Bruneau BG. TBXT dose sensitivity and the decoupling of nascent mesoderm specification from EMT progression in 2D human gastruloids. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.06.565933. [PMID: 37986746 PMCID: PMC10659276 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.565933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In the nascent mesoderm, levels of Brachyury (TBXT) expression must be precisely regulated to ensure cells exit the primitive streak and pattern the anterior-posterior axis, but how this varying dosage informs morphogenesis is not well understood. In this study, we define the transcriptional consequences of TBXT dose reduction during early human gastrulation using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based models of gastrulation and mesoderm differentiation. Multiomic single-nucleus RNA and single-nucleus ATAC sequencing of 2D gastruloids comprised of WT, TBXT heterozygous (TBXT-Het), or TBXT null (TBXT-KO) hiPSCs reveal that varying TBXT dosage does not compromise a cell's ability to differentiate into nascent mesoderm, but that the loss of TBXT significantly delays the temporal progression of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). This delay is dependent on TBXT dose, as cells heterozygous for TBXT proceed with EMT at an intermediate pace relative to WT or TBXT-KO. By differentiating iPSCs of the allelic series into nascent mesoderm in a monolayer format, we further illustrate that TBXT dose directly impacts the persistence of junctional proteins and cell-cell adhesions. These results demonstrate that EMT progression can be decoupled from the acquisition of mesodermal identity in the early gastrula and shed light on the mechanisms underlying human embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Bulger
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ivana Muncie-Vasic
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- UC Berkeley-UC San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ashley R.G. Libby
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Todd C. McDevitt
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Benoit G. Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco
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10
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Roth S. Neofunctionalization of Toll Signaling in Insects: From Immunity to Dorsoventral Patterning. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2023; 39:1-22. [PMID: 37843930 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120319-120223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Toll signaling plays a crucial role in pathogen defense throughout the animal kingdom. It was discovered, however, for its function in dorsoventral (DV) axis formation in Drosophila. In all other insects studied so far, but not outside the insects, Toll is also required for DV patterning. However, in insects more distantly related to Drosophila, Toll's patterning role is frequently reduced and substituted by an expanded influence of BMP signaling, the pathway implicated in DV axis formation in all major metazoan lineages. This suggests that Toll was integrated into an ancestral BMP-based patterning system at the base of the insects or during insect evolution. The observation that Toll signaling has an immune function in the extraembryonic serosa, an early differentiating tissue of most insect embryos, suggests a scenario of how Toll was co-opted from an ancestral immune function for its new role in axis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Roth
- Institute of Zoology-Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;
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11
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Sekine O, Kanaami S, Masumoto K, Aihara Y, Morita-Umei Y, Tani H, Soma Y, Umei TC, Haga K, Moriwaki T, Kawai Y, Ohno M, Kishino Y, Kanazawa H, Fukuda K, Ieda M, Tohyama S. Seamless and non-destructive monitoring of extracellular microRNAs during cardiac differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1925-1939. [PMID: 37738969 PMCID: PMC10656301 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring cardiac differentiation and maturation from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and detecting residual undifferentiated hPSCs are indispensable for the development of cardiac regenerative therapy. MicroRNA (miRNA) is secreted from cells into the extracellular space, and its role as a biomarker is attracting attention. Here, we performed an miRNA array analysis of supernatants during the process of cardiac differentiation and maturation from hPSCs. We demonstrated that the quantification of extracellular miR-489-3p and miR-1/133a-3p levels enabled the monitoring of mesoderm and cardiac differentiation, respectively, even in clinical-grade mass culture systems. Moreover, extracellular let-7c-5p levels showed the greatest increase with cardiac maturation during long-term culture. We also verified that residual undifferentiated hPSCs in hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) were detectable by measuring miR-302b-3p expression, with a detection sensitivity of 0.01%. Collectively, we demonstrate that our method of seamlessly monitoring specific miRNAs secreted into the supernatant is non-destructive and effective for the quality evaluation of hPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otoya Sekine
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kanaami
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Heartseed Inc, The Artcomplex Center of Tokyo, #302, 12-9, Daikyo-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0015, Japan
| | - Kanako Masumoto
- Sysmex Corporation, Central Research Laboratories, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan
| | - Yuki Aihara
- Sysmex Corporation, Central Research Laboratories, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan
| | - Yuika Morita-Umei
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tani
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Joint Research Laboratory for Medical Innovation in Heart Disease, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yusuke Soma
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiko C Umei
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haga
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Taijun Moriwaki
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yujiro Kawai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kishino
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Heartseed Inc, The Artcomplex Center of Tokyo, #302, 12-9, Daikyo-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0015, Japan
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shugo Tohyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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12
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Schüle KM, Weckerle J, Probst S, Wehmeyer AE, Zissel L, Schröder CM, Tekman M, Kim GJ, Schlägl IM, Sagar, Arnold SJ. Eomes restricts Brachyury functions at the onset of mouse gastrulation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1627-1642.e7. [PMID: 37633271 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian specification of mesoderm and definitive endoderm (DE) is instructed by the two related Tbx transcription factors (TFs) Eomesodermin (Eomes) and Brachyury sharing partially redundant functions. Gross differences in mutant embryonic phenotypes suggest specific functions of each TF. To date, the molecular details of separated lineage-specific gene regulation by Eomes and Brachyury remain poorly understood. Here, we combine mouse embryonic and stem-cell-based analyses to delineate the non-overlapping, lineage-specific transcriptional activities. On a genome-wide scale, binding of both TFs overlaps at promoters of target genes but shows specificity for distal enhancer regions that is conferred by differences in Tbx DNA-binding motifs. The unique binding to enhancer sites instructs the specification of anterior mesoderm (AM) and DE by Eomes and caudal mesoderm by Brachyury. Remarkably, EOMES antagonizes BRACHYURY gene regulatory functions in coexpressing cells during early gastrulation to ensure the proper sequence of early AM and DE lineage specification followed by posterior mesoderm derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin M Schüle
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Jelena Weckerle
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Probst
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra E Wehmeyer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lea Zissel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chiara M Schröder
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19a, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mehmet Tekman
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gwang-Jin Kim
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Inga-Marie Schlägl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sagar
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian J Arnold
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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13
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Parast SM, Yu D, Chen C, Dickinson AJ, Chang C, Wang H. Recognition of H2AK119ub plays an important role in RSF1-regulated early Xenopus development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1168643. [PMID: 37529237 PMCID: PMC10389277 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1168643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are key regulators of gene expression and developmental programs via covalent modification of histones, but the factors that interpret histone modification marks to regulate embryogenesis are less studied. We previously identified Remodeling and Spacing Factor 1 (RSF1) as a reader of histone H2A lysine 119 ubiquitination (H2AK119ub), the histone mark deposited by Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1). In the current study, we used Xenopus laevis as a model to investigate how RSF1 affects early embryonic development and whether recognition of H2AK119ub is important for the function of RSF1. We showed that knockdown of Xenopus RSF1, rsf1, not only induced gastrulation defects as reported previously, but specific targeted knockdown in prospective neural precursors induced neural and neural crest defects, with reductions of marker genes. In addition, similar to knockdown of PRC1 components in Xenopus, the anterior-posterior neural patterning was affected in rsf1 knockdown embryos. Binding of H2AK119ub appeared to be crucial for rsf1 function, as a construct with deletion of the UAB domain, which is required for RSF1 to recognize the H2AK119ub nucleosomes, failed to rescue rsf1 morphant embryos and was less effective in interfering with early Xenopus development when ectopically expressed. Furthermore, ectopic deposition of H2AK119ub on the Smad2 target gene gsc using a ring1a-smad2 fusion protein led to ectopic recruitment of RSF1. The fusion protein was inefficient in inducing mesodermal markers in the animal region or a secondary axis when expressed in the ventral tissues. Taken together, our results reveal that rsf1 modulates similar developmental processes in early Xenopus embryos as components of PRC1 do, and that RSF1 acts at least partially through binding to the H2AK119ub mark via the UAB domain during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Mohammad Parast
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Deli Yu
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chunxu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Amanda J. Dickinson
- Department of Biology, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Chenbei Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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14
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Sempou E, Kostiuk V, Zhu J, Cecilia Guerra M, Tyan L, Hwang W, Camacho-Aguilar E, Caplan MJ, Zenisek D, Warmflash A, Owens NDL, Khokha MK. Author Correction: Membrane potential drives the exit from pluripotency and cell fate commitment via calcium and mTOR. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3264. [PMID: 37277326 PMCID: PMC10241910 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sempou
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Valentyna Kostiuk
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - M Cecilia Guerra
- Departments of Biosciences and Bioengineering Rice University, 345 Anderson Biological Labs, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Leonid Tyan
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Woong Hwang
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Elena Camacho-Aguilar
- Departments of Biosciences and Bioengineering Rice University, 345 Anderson Biological Labs, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - David Zenisek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Departments of Biosciences and Bioengineering Rice University, 345 Anderson Biological Labs, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Nick D L Owens
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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15
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Mitchell A, Yu C, Zhao X, Pearmain L, Shah R, Hanley KP, Felton T, Wang T. Rapid Generation of Pulmonary Organoids from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Co-Culturing Endodermal and Mesodermal Progenitors for Pulmonary Disease Modelling. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1476. [PMID: 37239147 PMCID: PMC10216357 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells to a range of target cell types is ubiquitous in monolayer culture. To further improve the phenotype of the cells produced, 3D organoid culture is becoming increasingly prevalent. Mature organoids typically require the involvement of cells from multiple germ layers. The aim of this study was to produce pulmonary organoids from defined endodermal and mesodermal progenitors. Endodermal and mesodermal progenitors were differentiated from iPSCs and then combined in 3D Matrigel hydrogels and differentiated for a further 14 days to produce pulmonary organoids. The organoids expressed a range of pulmonary cell markers such as SPA, SPB, SPC, AQP5 and T1α. Furthermore, the organoids expressed ACE2 capable of binding SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, demonstrating the physiological relevance of the organoids produced. This study presented a rapid production of pulmonary organoids using a multi-germ-layer approach that could be used for studying respiratory-related human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mitchell
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.); (C.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chaowen Yu
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.); (C.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhao
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.); (C.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Laurence Pearmain
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (L.P.); (K.P.H.)
| | - Rajesh Shah
- Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester M23 9LT, UK;
| | - Karen Piper Hanley
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (L.P.); (K.P.H.)
| | - Timothy Felton
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (A.M.); (C.Y.); (X.Z.)
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16
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Dark N, Cosson MV, Tsansizi LI, Owen TJ, Ferraro E, Francis AJ, Tsai S, Bouissou C, Weston A, Collinson L, Abi-Gerges N, Miller PE, MacLeod KT, Ehler E, Mitter R, Harding SE, Smith JC, Bernardo AS. Generation of left ventricle-like cardiomyocytes with improved structural, functional, and metabolic maturity from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep Methods 2023; 3:100456. [PMID: 37159667 PMCID: PMC10163040 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Decreased left ventricle (LV) function caused by genetic mutations or injury often leads to debilitating and fatal cardiovascular disease. LV cardiomyocytes are, therefore, a potentially valuable therapeutical target. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are neither homogeneous nor functionally mature, which reduces their utility. Here, we exploit cardiac development knowledge to instruct differentiation of hPSCs specifically toward LV cardiomyocytes. Correct mesoderm patterning and retinoic acid pathway blocking are essential to generate near-homogenous LV-specific hPSC-CMs (hPSC-LV-CMs). These cells transit via first heart field progenitors and display typical ventricular action potentials. Importantly, hPSC-LV-CMs exhibit increased metabolism, reduced proliferation, and improved cytoarchitecture and functional maturity compared with age-matched cardiomyocytes generated using the standard WNT-ON/WNT-OFF protocol. Similarly, engineered heart tissues made from hPSC-LV-CMs are better organized, produce higher force, and beat more slowly but can be paced to physiological levels. Together, we show that functionally matured hPSC-LV-CMs can be obtained rapidly without exposure to current maturation regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenza I. Tsansizi
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreia S. Bernardo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
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17
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Neirijnck Y, Sararols P, Kühne F, Mayère C, Weerasinghe Arachchige LC, Regard V, Nef S, Schedl A. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling redefines the origin and specification of early adrenogonadal progenitors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112191. [PMID: 36862551 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenal cortex and gonads represent the two major steroidogenic organs in mammals. Both tissues are considered to share a common developmental origin characterized by the expression of Nr5a1/Sf1. The precise origin of adrenogonadal progenitors and the processes driving differentiation toward the adrenal or gonadal fate remain, however, elusive. Here, we provide a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of early mouse adrenogonadal development including 52 cell types belonging to twelve major cell lineages. Trajectory reconstruction reveals that adrenogonadal cells emerge from the lateral plate rather than the intermediate mesoderm. Surprisingly, we find that gonadal and adrenal fates have already diverged prior to Nr5a1 expression. Finally, lineage separation into gonadal and adrenal fates involves canonical versus non-canonical Wnt signaling and differential expression of Hox patterning genes. Thus, our study provides important insights into the molecular programs of adrenal and gonadal fate choice and will be a valuable resource for further research into adrenogonadal ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Neirijnck
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IBV, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Pauline Sararols
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Kühne
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Mayère
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Violaine Regard
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Schedl
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IBV, 06108 Nice, France.
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18
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Dominguez MH, Krup AL, Muncie JM, Bruneau BG. Graded mesoderm assembly governs cell fate and morphogenesis of the early mammalian heart. Cell 2023; 186:479-496.e23. [PMID: 36736300 PMCID: PMC10091855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using four-dimensional whole-embryo light sheet imaging with improved and accessible computational tools, we longitudinally reconstruct early murine cardiac development at single-cell resolution. Nascent mesoderm progenitors form opposing density and motility gradients, converting the temporal birth sequence of gastrulation into a spatial anterolateral-to-posteromedial arrangement. Migrating precardiac mesoderm does not strictly preserve cellular neighbor relationships, and spatial patterns only become solidified as the cardiac crescent emerges. Progenitors undergo a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, with a first heart field (FHF) ridge apposing a motile juxta-cardiac field (JCF). Anchored along the ridge, the FHF epithelium rotates the JCF forward to form the initial heart tube, along with push-pull morphodynamics of the second heart field. In Mesp1 mutants that fail to make a cardiac crescent, mesoderm remains highly motile but directionally incoherent, resulting in density gradient inversion. Our practicable live embryo imaging approach defines spatial origins and behaviors of cardiac progenitors and identifies their unanticipated morphological transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Dominguez
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alexis Leigh Krup
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Human Genetics, and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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19
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Sun D, Huan P, Liu B. Early mesodermal development in the patellogastropod Lottia goshimai. Evol Appl 2023; 16:250-261. [PMID: 36793691 PMCID: PMC9923484 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesodermal development is essential to explore the interlineage variations in the development of spiralians. Compared with model mollusks such as Tritia and Crepidula, knowledge about the mesodermal development of other molluscan lineages is limited. Here, we investigated early mesodermal development in the patellogastropod Lottia goshimai, which shows equal cleavage and has a trochophore larva. The endomesoderm derived from the 4d blastomere, that is, the mesodermal bandlets, was situated dorsally and showed a characteristic morphology. Investigations of the potential mesodermal patterning genes revealed that twist1 and snail1 were expressed in a proportion of these endomesodermal tissues, while all of the five genes we investigated (twist1, twist2, snail1, snail2, and mox) were expressed in ventrally located ectomesodermal tissues. Relatively dynamic snail2 expression suggests additional roles in various internalization processes. By tracing snail2 expression in early gastrulae, the 3a211 and 3b211 blastomeres were suggested to be the precursors of the ectomesoderm, which elongated to become internalized before division. These results help to understand the variations in the mesodermal development of different spiralians and explore the different mechanisms by which ectomesodermal cells are internalized, which has important evolutionary implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Pin Huan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Qingdao China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Qingdao China
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20
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Ye S, Wang C, Xu Z, Lin H, Wan X, Yu Y, Adhicary S, Zhang JZ, Zhou Y, Liu C, Alonzo M, Bi J, Ramirez-Navarro A, Deschenes I, Ma Q, Garg V, Wu JC, Zhao MT. Impaired Human Cardiac Cell Development due to NOTCH1 Deficiency. Circ Res 2023; 132:187-204. [PMID: 36583388 PMCID: PMC9852089 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOTCH1 pathogenic variants are implicated in multiple types of congenital heart defects including hypoplastic left heart syndrome, where the left ventricle is underdeveloped. It is unknown how NOTCH1 regulates human cardiac cell lineage determination and cardiomyocyte proliferation. In addition, mechanisms by which NOTCH1 pathogenic variants lead to ventricular hypoplasia in hypoplastic left heart syndrome remain elusive. METHODS CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 genome editing was utilized to delete NOTCH1 in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cardiac differentiation was carried out by sequential modulation of WNT signaling, and NOTCH1 knockout and wild-type differentiating cells were collected at day 0, 2, 5, 10, 14, and 30 for single-cell RNA-seq. RESULTS Human NOTCH1 knockout induced pluripotent stem cells are able to generate functional cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, suggesting that NOTCH1 is not required for mesoderm differentiation and cardiovascular development in vitro. However, disruption of NOTCH1 blocks human ventricular-like cardiomyocyte differentiation but promotes atrial-like cardiomyocyte generation through shortening the action potential duration. NOTCH1 deficiency leads to defective proliferation of early human cardiomyocytes, and transcriptomic analysis indicates that pathways involved in cell cycle progression and mitosis are downregulated in NOTCH1 knockout cardiomyocytes. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals abnormal cell lineage determination of cardiac mesoderm, which is manifested by the biased differentiation toward epicardial and second heart field progenitors at the expense of first heart field progenitors in NOTCH1 knockout cell populations. CONCLUSIONS NOTCH1 is essential for human ventricular-like cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation through balancing cell fate determination of cardiac mesoderm and modulating cell cycle progression. Because first heart field progenitors primarily contribute to the left ventricle, we speculate that pathogenic NOTCH1 variants lead to biased differentiation of first heart field progenitors, blocked ventricular-like cardiomyocyte differentiation, and defective cardiomyocyte proliferation, which collaboratively contribute to left ventricular hypoplasia in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiao Ye
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Cankun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (C.W., Q.M.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics (Z.X., V.G., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (Z.X.)
| | - Hui Lin
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (X.W., A.R.-N., I.D., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Subhodip Adhicary
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Joe Z. Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.Z.Z., Y.Z., C.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China (J.Z.Z.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.Z.Z., Y.Z., C.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.Z.Z., Y.Z., C.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Matthew Alonzo
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Jianli Bi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Angelina Ramirez-Navarro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (X.W., A.R.-N., I.D., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Isabelle Deschenes
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (X.W., A.R.-N., I.D., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (C.W., Q.M.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,Department of Pediatrics (Z.X., V.G., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.Z.Z., Y.Z., C.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Radiology (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,Department of Pediatrics (Z.X., V.G., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (X.W., A.R.-N., I.D., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
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21
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Homma S, Shimada T, Wada I, Kumaki K, Sato N, Yaginuma H. A three-component model of the spinal nerve ramification: Bringing together the human gross anatomy and modern Embryology. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1009542. [PMID: 36726852 PMCID: PMC9884977 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1009542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its long history, the study of human gross anatomy has not adequately incorporated modern embryological findings; consequently, the current understanding has often been incompatible with recent discoveries from molecular studies. Notably, the traditional epaxial and hypaxial muscle distinction, and their corresponding innervation by the dorsal and ventral rami of the spinal nerve, do not correspond to the primaxial and abaxial muscle distinction, defined by the mesodermal lineages of target tissues. To resolve the disagreement between adult anatomy and embryology, we here propose a novel hypothetical model of spinal nerve ramification. Our model is based on the previously unknown developmental process of the intercostal nerves. Observations of these nerves in the mouse embryos revealed that the intercostal nerves initially had superficial and deep ventral branches, which is contrary to the general perception of a single ventral branch. The initial dual innervation pattern later changes into an adult-like single branch pattern following the retraction of the superficial branch. The modified intercostal nerves consist of the canonical ventral branches and novel branches that run on the muscular surface of the thorax, which sprout from the lateral cutaneous branches. We formulated the embryonic branching pattern into the hypothetical ramification model of the human spinal nerve so that the branching pattern is compatible with the developmental context of the target muscles. In our model, every spinal nerve consists of three components: (1) segmental branches that innervate the primaxial muscles, including the dorsal rami, and short branches and long superficial anterior branches from the ventral rami; (2) plexus-forming intramural branches, the serial homolog of the canonical intercostal nerves, which innervate the abaxial portion of the body wall; and (3) plexus-forming extramural branches, the series of novel branches located outside of the body wall, which innervate the girdle and limb muscles. The selective elaboration or deletion of each component successfully explains the reasoning for the standard morphology and variability of the spinal nerve. Therefore, our model brings a novel understanding of spinal nerve development and valuable information for basic and clinical sciences regarding the diverse branching patterns of the spinal nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsaku Homma
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Embryology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takako Shimada
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Embryology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ikuo Wada
- Department of Cell Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katsuji Kumaki
- Division of Gross Anatomy and Morphogenesis, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noboru Sato
- Division of Gross Anatomy and Morphogenesis, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yaginuma
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Embryology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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22
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Umar M, Bartoletti G, Dong C, Gahankari A, Browne D, Deng A, Jaramillo J, Sammarco M, Simkin J, He F. Characterizing the role of Pdgfra in calvarial development. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:589-604. [PMID: 36606407 PMCID: PMC10159935 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian calvarium is composed of flat bones developed from two origins, neural crest, and mesoderm. Cells from both origins exhibit similar behavior but express distinct transcriptomes. It is intriguing to ask whether genes shared by both origins play similar or distinct roles in development. In the present study, we have examined the role of Pdgfra, which is expressed in both neural crest and mesoderm, in specific lineages during calvarial development. RESULTS We found that in calvarial progenitor cells, Pdgfra is needed to maintain normal proliferation and migration of neural crest cells but only proliferation of mesoderm cells. Later in calvarial osteoblasts, we found that Pdgfra is necessary for both proliferation and differentiation of neural crest-derived cells, but not for differentiation of mesoderm-derived cells. We also examined the potential interaction between Pdgfra and other signaling pathway involved in calvarial osteoblasts but did not identify significant alteration of Wnt or Hh signaling activity in Pdgfra genetic models. CONCLUSIONS Pdgfra is required for normal calvarial development in both neural crest cells and mesoderm cells, but these lineages exhibit distinct responses to alteration of Pdgfra activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Umar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Garrett Bartoletti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chunmin Dong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Apurva Gahankari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Danielle Browne
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alastair Deng
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Josue Jaramillo
- Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mimi Sammarco
- Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Simkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fenglei He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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23
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Johanson Z. Vertebrate cranial evolution: Contributions and conflict from the fossil record. Evol Dev 2023; 25:119-133. [PMID: 36308394 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In modern vertebrates, the craniofacial skeleton is complex, comprising cartilage and bone of the neurocranium, dermatocranium and splanchnocranium (and their derivatives), housing a range of sensory structures such as eyes, nasal and vestibulo-acoustic capsules, with the splanchnocranium including branchial arches, used in respiration and feeding. It is well understood that the skeleton derives from neural crest and mesoderm, while the sensory elements derive from ectodermal thickenings known as placodes. Recent research demonstrates that neural crest and placodes have an evolutionary history outside of vertebrates, while the vertebrate fossil record allows the sequence of the evolution of these various features to be understood. Stem-group vertebrates such as Metaspriggina walcotti (Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian) possess eyes, paired nasal capsules and well-developed branchial arches, the latter derived from cranial neural crest in extant vertebrates, indicating that placodes and neural crest evolved over 500 million years ago. Since that time the vertebrate craniofacial skeleton has evolved, including different types of bone, of potential neural crest or mesodermal origin. One problematic part of the craniofacial skeleton concerns the evolution of the nasal organs, with evidence for both paired and unpaired nasal sacs being the primitive state for vertebrates.
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24
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Downs KM. The mouse allantois: new insights at the embryonic-extraembryonic interface. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210251. [PMID: 36252214 PMCID: PMC9574631 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early development of Placentalia, a distinctive projection emerges at the posterior embryonic-extraembryonic interface of the conceptus; its fingerlike shape presages maturation into the placental umbilical cord, whose major role is to shuttle fetal blood to and from the chorion for exchange with the mother during pregnancy. Until recently, the biology of the cord's vital vascular anlage, called the body stalk/allantois in humans and simply the allantois in rodents, has been largely unknown. Here, new insights into the development of the mouse allantois are featured, from its origin and mechanism of arterial patterning through its union with the chorion. Key to generating the allantois and its critical functions are the primitive streak and visceral endoderm, which together are sufficient to create the entire fetal-placental connection. Their newly discovered roles at the embryonic-extraembryonic interface challenge conventional wisdom, including the physical limits of the primitive streak, its function as sole purveyor of mesoderm in the mouse, potency of visceral endoderm, and the putative role of the allantois in the germ line. With this working model of allantois development, understanding a plethora of hitherto poorly understood orphan diseases in humans is now within reach. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Downs
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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25
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Sempou E, Kostiuk V, Zhu J, Cecilia Guerra M, Tyan L, Hwang W, Camacho-Aguilar E, Caplan MJ, Zenisek D, Warmflash A, Owens NDL, Khokha MK. Membrane potential drives the exit from pluripotency and cell fate commitment via calcium and mTOR. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6681. [PMID: 36335122 PMCID: PMC9637099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34363-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Transitioning from pluripotency to differentiated cell fates is fundamental to both embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Improving our understanding of this transition would facilitate our ability to manipulate pluripotent cells into tissues for therapeutic use. Here, we show that membrane voltage (Vm) regulates the exit from pluripotency and the onset of germ layer differentiation in the embryo, a process that affects both gastrulation and left-right patterning. By examining candidate genes of congenital heart disease and heterotaxy, we identify KCNH6, a member of the ether-a-go-go class of potassium channels that hyperpolarizes the Vm and thus limits the activation of voltage gated calcium channels, lowering intracellular calcium. In pluripotent embryonic cells, depletion of kcnh6 leads to membrane depolarization, elevation of intracellular calcium levels, and the maintenance of a pluripotent state at the expense of differentiation into ectodermal and myogenic lineages. Using high-resolution temporal transcriptome analysis, we identify the gene regulatory networks downstream of membrane depolarization and calcium signaling and discover that inhibition of the mTOR pathway transitions the pluripotent cell to a differentiated fate. By manipulating Vm using a suite of tools, we establish a bioelectric pathway that regulates pluripotency in vertebrates, including human embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Sempou
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Valentyna Kostiuk
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - M Cecilia Guerra
- Departments of Biosciences and Bioengineering Rice University, 345 Anderson Biological Labs, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Leonid Tyan
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Woong Hwang
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Elena Camacho-Aguilar
- Departments of Biosciences and Bioengineering Rice University, 345 Anderson Biological Labs, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - David Zenisek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Departments of Biosciences and Bioengineering Rice University, 345 Anderson Biological Labs, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Nick D L Owens
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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26
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Kaul H, Werschler N, Jones RD, Siu MM, Tewary M, Hagner A, Ostblom J, Aguilar-Hidalgo D, Zandstra PW. Virtual cells in a virtual microenvironment recapitulate early development-like patterns in human pluripotent stem cell colonies. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:377-93. [PMID: 36332630 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which morphogenetic signals engage the regulatory networks responsible for early embryonic tissue patterning is incompletely understood. Here, we developed a minimal gene regulatory network (GRN) model of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lineage commitment and embedded it into "cellular" agents that respond to a dynamic morphogenetic signaling microenvironment. Simulations demonstrated that GRN wiring had significant non-intuitive effects on tissue pattern order, composition, and dynamics. Experimental perturbation of GRN connectivities supported model predictions and demonstrated the role of OCT4 as a master regulator of peri-gastrulation fates. Our so-called GARMEN strategy provides a multiscale computational platform to understand how single-cell-based regulatory interactions scale to tissue domains. This foundation provides new opportunities to simulate the impact of network motifs on normal and aberrant tissue development.
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27
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Genuth NR, Shi Z, Kunimoto K, Hung V, Xu AF, Kerr CH, Tiu GC, Oses-Prieto JA, Salomon-Shulman REA, Axelrod JD, Burlingame AL, Loh KM, Barna M. A stem cell roadmap of ribosome heterogeneity reveals a function for RPL10A in mesoderm production. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5491. [PMID: 36123354 PMCID: PMC9485161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that the ribosome itself modulates gene expression. However, whether ribosomes change composition across cell types or control cell fate remains unknown. Here, employing quantitative mass spectrometry during human embryonic stem cell differentiation, we identify dozens of ribosome composition changes underlying cell fate specification. We observe upregulation of RPL10A/uL1-containing ribosomes in the primitive streak followed by progressive decreases during mesoderm differentiation. An Rpl10a loss-of-function allele in mice causes striking early mesodermal phenotypes, including posterior trunk truncations, and inhibits paraxial mesoderm production in culture. Ribosome profiling in Rpl10a loss-of-function mice reveals decreased translation of mesoderm regulators, including Wnt pathway mRNAs, which are also enriched on RPL10A/uL1-containing ribosomes. We further show that RPL10A/uL1 regulates canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling during stem cell differentiation and in the developing embryo. These findings reveal unexpected ribosome composition modularity that controls differentiation and development through the specialized translation of key signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R Genuth
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhen Shi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Koshi Kunimoto
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Victoria Hung
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adele F Xu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Craig H Kerr
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Gerald C Tiu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D Axelrod
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Maria Barna
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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28
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Zheng Y, Yan RZ, Sun S, Kobayashi M, Xiang L, Yang R, Goedel A, Kang Y, Xue X, Esfahani SN, Liu Y, Resto Irizarry AM, Wu W, Li Y, Ji W, Niu Y, Chien KR, Li T, Shioda T, Fu J. Single-cell analysis of embryoids reveals lineage diversification roadmaps of early human development. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1402-1419.e8. [PMID: 36055194 PMCID: PMC9499422 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite its clinical and fundamental importance, our understanding of early human development remains limited. Stem cell-derived, embryo-like structures (or embryoids) allowing studies of early development without using natural embryos can potentially help fill the knowledge gap of human development. Herein, transcriptome at the single-cell level of a human embryoid model was profiled at different time points. Molecular maps of lineage diversifications from the pluripotent human epiblast toward the amniotic ectoderm, primitive streak/mesoderm, and primordial germ cells were constructed and compared with in vivo primate data. The comparative transcriptome analyses reveal a critical role of NODAL signaling in human mesoderm and primordial germ cell specification, which is further functionally validated. Through comparative transcriptome analyses and validations with human blastocysts and in vitro cultured cynomolgus embryos, we further proposed stringent criteria for distinguishing between human blastocyst trophectoderm and early amniotic ectoderm cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Robin Zhexuan Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mutsumi Kobayashi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lifeng Xiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Alexander Goedel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Yu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sajedeh Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Weisheng Wu
- BRCF Bioinformatics Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yunxiu Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yuyu Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Tianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Toshihiro Shioda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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29
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Mukherjee S, Luedeke DM, McCoy L, Iwafuchi M, Zorn AM. SOX transcription factors direct TCF-independent WNT/β-catenin responsive transcription to govern cell fate in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111247. [PMID: 36001974 PMCID: PMC10123531 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT/β-catenin signaling controls gene expression across biological contexts from development and stem cell homeostasis to diseases including cancer. How β-catenin is recruited to distinct enhancers to activate context-specific transcription is unclear, given that most WNT/ß-catenin-responsive transcription is thought to be mediated by TCF/LEF transcription factors (TFs). With time-resolved multi-omic analyses, we show that SOX TFs can direct lineage-specific WNT-responsive transcription during the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into definitive endoderm and neuromesodermal progenitors. We demonstrate that SOX17 and SOX2 are required to recruit β-catenin to lineage-specific WNT-responsive enhancers, many of which are not occupied by TCFs. At TCF-independent enhancers, SOX TFs establish a permissive chromatin landscape and recruit a WNT-enhanceosome complex to activate SOX/ß-catenin-dependent transcription. Given that SOX TFs and the WNT pathway are critical for specification of most cell types, these results have broad mechanistic implications for the specificity of WNT responses across developmental and disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Mukherjee
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - David M Luedeke
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Leslie McCoy
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Makiko Iwafuchi
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; University of Cincinnati Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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30
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Khateb M, Perovanovic J, Ko KD, Jiang K, Feng X, Acevedo-Luna N, Chal J, Ciuffoli V, Genzor P, Simone J, Haase AD, Pourquié O, Dell'Orso S, Sartorelli V. Transcriptomics, regulatory syntax, and enhancer identification in mesoderm-induced ESCs at single-cell resolution. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111219. [PMID: 35977485 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can adopt lineage-specific gene-expression programs by stepwise exposure to defined factors, resulting in the generation of functional cell types. Bulk and single-cell-based assays were employed to catalog gene expression, histone modifications, chromatin conformation, and accessibility transitions in ESC populations and individual cells acquiring a presomitic mesoderm fate and undergoing further specification toward myogenic and neurogenic lineages. These assays identified cis-regulatory regions and transcription factors presiding over gene-expression programs occurring at defined ESC transitions and revealed the presence of heterogeneous cell populations within discrete ESC developmental stages. The datasets were employed to identify previously unappreciated genomic elements directing the initial activation of Pax7 and myogenic and neurogenic gene-expression programs. This study provides a resource for the discovery of genomic and transcriptional features of pluripotent, mesoderm-induced ESCs and ESC-derived cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamduh Khateb
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jelena Perovanovic
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kyung Dae Ko
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kan Jiang
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xuesong Feng
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia Acevedo-Luna
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jérome Chal
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronica Ciuffoli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pavol Genzor
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Simone
- FlowCytometry Section, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Astrid D Haase
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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31
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Humphreys PA, Mancini FE, Ferreira MJS, Woods S, Ogene L, Kimber SJ. Developmental principles informing human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to cartilage and bone. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 127:17-36. [PMID: 34949507 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type given appropriate signals and hence have been used to research early human development of many tissues and diseases. Here, we review the major biological factors that regulate cartilage and bone development through the three main routes of neural crest, lateral plate mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm. We examine how these routes have been used in differentiation protocols that replicate skeletal development using human pluripotent stem cells and how these methods have been refined and improved over time. Finally, we discuss how pluripotent stem cells can be employed to understand human skeletal genetic diseases with a developmental origin and phenotype, and how developmental protocols have been applied to gain a better understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Fabrizio E Mancini
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Miguel J S Ferreira
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Leona Ogene
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
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32
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Abstract
Advanced imaging techniques reveal details of the interactions between the two layers of the embryonic midgut that influence its ultimate shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
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33
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Zhang J, Gregorich ZR, Tao R, Kim GC, Lalit PA, Carvalho JL, Markandeya Y, Mosher DF, Palecek SP, Kamp TJ. Cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells using defined extracellular matrix proteins reveals essential role of fibronectin. eLife 2022; 11:69028. [PMID: 35758861 PMCID: PMC9236614 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research and therapeutic applications using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) require robust differentiation strategies. Efforts to improve hPSC-CM differentiation have largely overlooked the role of extracellular matrix (ECM). The present study investigates the ability of defined ECM proteins to promote hPSC cardiac differentiation. Fibronectin (FN), laminin-111, and laminin-521 enabled hPSCs to attach and expand. However, only addition of FN promoted cardiac differentiation in response to growth factors Activin A, BMP4, and bFGF in contrast to the inhibition produced by laminin-111 or laminin-521. hPSCs in culture produced endogenous FN which accumulated in the ECM to a critical level necessary for effective cardiac differentiation. Inducible shRNA knockdown of FN prevented Brachyury+ mesoderm formation and subsequent hPSC-CM generation. Antibodies blocking FN binding integrins α4β1 or αVβ1, but not α5β1, inhibited cardiac differentiation. Furthermore, inhibition of integrin-linked kinase led to a decrease in phosphorylated AKT, which was associated with increased apoptosis and inhibition of cardiac differentiation. These results provide new insights into defined matrices for culture of hPSCs that enable production of FN-enriched ECM which is essential for mesoderm formation and efficient cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Zachery R Gregorich
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Gina C Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Pratik A Lalit
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Juliana L Carvalho
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Department of Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Yogananda Markandeya
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, United States.,Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, United States
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34
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Usami C, Inomata H. Rapalog-induced cell adhesion molecule inhibits mesoderm migration in Xenopus embryos by increasing frequency of adhesion to the ectoderm. Genes Cells 2022; 27:436-450. [PMID: 35437867 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During the gastrula stage of Xenopus laevis, mesodermal cells migrate on the blastocoel roof (BCR) toward the animal pole. In this process, mesodermal cells directly adhere to the BCR via adhesion molecules, such as cadherins, which in turn trigger a repulsive reaction through factors such as Eph/ephrin. Therefore, the mesoderm and BCR repeatedly adhere to and detach from each other, and the frequency of this adhesion is thought to control mesoderm migration. Although knockdown of cadherin or Eph/ephrin causes severe gastrulation defects, these molecules have been reported to contribute not only to boundary formation but also to the internal function of each tissue. Therefore, it is possible that the defect caused by knockdown occurs due to tissue function abnormalities. To address this problem, we developed a method to specifically induce adhesion between different tissues using rapalog (an analog of rapamycin). When adhesion between the BCR and mesoderm was specifically enhanced by rapalog, mesoderm migration was strongly suppressed. Furthermore, we confirmed that rapalog significantly increased the frequency of adhesion between the two tissues. These results support the idea that the adhesion frequency controls mesoderm migration, and demonstrate that our method effectively enhances adhesion between specific tissues in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Usami
- Axial Pattern Dynamics Team, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Inomata
- Axial Pattern Dynamics Team, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
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35
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Gage BK, Merlin S, Olgasi C, Follenzi A, Keller GM. Therapeutic correction of hemophilia A by transplantation of hPSC-derived liver sinusoidal endothelial cell progenitors. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110621. [PMID: 35385743 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) form the predominant microvasculature in the liver where they carry out many functions including the secretion of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). To investigate the early origins of this lineage, we develop an efficient and scalable protocol to produce human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived LSEC progenitors characterized as venous endothelial cells (VECs) from different mesoderm subpopulations. Using a sensitive and quantitative vascular competitive transplantation assay, we demonstrate that VECs generated from BMP4 and activin A-induced KDR+CD235a/b+ mesoderm are 50-fold more efficient at LSEC engraftment than venous cells from BMP4 and WNT-induced KDR+CD235a/b- mesoderm. When transplanted into immunocompromised hemophilia A mice (NSG-HA), these VECs engraft the liver, proliferate, and mature to functional LSECs that secrete bioactive FVIII capable of correcting the bleeding phenotype. Together, these findings highlight the importance of appropriate mesoderm induction for generating hPSC-derived LSECs capable of functioning in a preclinical model of hemophilia A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair K Gage
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.
| | - Simone Merlin
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cristina Olgasi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gordon M Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.
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36
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Aghazadeh Y, Sarangi F, Poon F, Nkennor B, McGaugh EC, Nunes SS, Nostro MC. GP2-enriched pancreatic progenitors give rise to functional beta cells in vivo and eliminate the risk of teratoma formation. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:964-978. [PMID: 35364010 PMCID: PMC9023812 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived pancreatic progenitors (PPs) can be differentiated into beta-like cells in vitro and in vivo and therefore have therapeutic potential for type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment. However, the purity of PPs varies across different hPSC lines, differentiation protocols, and laboratories. The uncommitted cells may give rise to non-pancreatic endodermal, mesodermal, or ectodermal derivatives in vivo, hampering the safety of hPSC-derived PPs for clinical applications and their differentiation efficiency in research settings. Recently, proteomics and transcriptomics analyses identified glycoprotein 2 (GP2) as a PP-specific cell surface marker. The GP2-enriched PPs generate higher percentages of beta-like cells in vitro, but their potential in vivo remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that the GP2-enriched-PPs give rise to all pancreatic cells in vivo, including functional beta-like cells. Remarkably, GP2 enrichment eliminates the risk of teratomas, which establishes GP2 sorting as an effective method for PP purification and safe pancreatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Aghazadeh
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street MaRS, PMCRT 3-916, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Farida Sarangi
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street MaRS, PMCRT 3-916, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Frankie Poon
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street MaRS, PMCRT 3-916, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Deparment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Blessing Nkennor
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Emily C McGaugh
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street MaRS, PMCRT 3-916, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Deparment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sara S Nunes
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - M Cristina Nostro
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, 101 College Street MaRS, PMCRT 3-916, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Deparment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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37
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Jansen C, Paraiso KD, Zhou JJ, Blitz IL, Fish MB, Charney RM, Cho JS, Yasuoka Y, Sudou N, Bright AR, Wlizla M, Veenstra GJC, Taira M, Zorn AM, Mortazavi A, Cho KWY. Uncovering the mesendoderm gene regulatory network through multi-omic data integration. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110364. [PMID: 35172134 PMCID: PMC8917868 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesendodermal specification is one of the earliest events in embryogenesis, where cells first acquire distinct identities. Cell differentiation is a highly regulated process that involves the function of numerous transcription factors (TFs) and signaling molecules, which can be described with gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Cell differentiation GRNs are difficult to build because existing mechanistic methods are low throughput, and high-throughput methods tend to be non-mechanistic. Additionally, integrating highly dimensional data composed of more than two data types is challenging. Here, we use linked self-organizing maps to combine chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq)/ATAC-seq with temporal, spatial, and perturbation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from Xenopus tropicalis mesendoderm development to build a high-resolution genome scale mechanistic GRN. We recover both known and previously unsuspected TF-DNA/TF-TF interactions validated through reporter assays. Our analysis provides insights into transcriptional regulation of early cell fate decisions and provides a general approach to building GRNs using highly dimensional multi-omic datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camden Jansen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kitt D Paraiso
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jeff J Zhou
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ira L Blitz
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Margaret B Fish
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rebekah M Charney
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jin Sun Cho
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yuuri Yasuoka
- Laboratory for Comprehensive Genomic Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sudou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ann Rose Bright
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcin Wlizla
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gert Jan C Veenstra
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Masanori Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Ken W Y Cho
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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38
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Cossu G, Tonlorenzi R, Brunelli S, Sampaolesi M, Messina G, Azzoni E, Benedetti S, Biressi S, Bonfanti C, Bragg L, Camps J, Cappellari O, Cassano M, Ciceri F, Coletta M, Covarello D, Crippa S, Cusella-De Angelis MG, De Angelis L, Dellavalle A, Diaz-Manera J, Galli D, Galli F, Gargioli C, Gerli MFM, Giacomazzi G, Galvez BG, Hoshiya H, Guttinger M, Innocenzi A, Minasi MG, Perani L, Previtali SC, Quattrocelli M, Ragazzi M, Roostalu U, Rossi G, Scardigli R, Sirabella D, Tedesco FS, Torrente Y, Ugarte G. Mesoangioblasts at 20: From the embryonic aorta to the patient bed. Front Genet 2022; 13:1056114. [PMID: 36685855 PMCID: PMC9845585 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1056114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2002 we published an article describing a population of vessel-associated progenitors that we termed mesoangioblasts (MABs). During the past decade evidence had accumulated that during muscle development and regeneration things may be more complex than a simple sequence of binary choices (e.g., dorsal vs. ventral somite). LacZ expressing fibroblasts could fuse with unlabelled myoblasts but not among themselves or with other cell types. Bone marrow derived, circulating progenitors were able to participate in muscle regeneration, though in very small percentage. Searching for the embryonic origin of these progenitors, we identified them as originating at least in part from the embryonic aorta and, at later stages, from the microvasculature of skeletal muscle. While continuing to investigate origin and fate of MABs, the fact that they could be expanded in vitro (also from human muscle) and cross the vessel wall, suggested a protocol for the cell therapy of muscular dystrophies. We tested this protocol in mice and dogs before proceeding to the first clinical trial on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy patients that showed safety but minimal efficacy. In the last years, we have worked to overcome the problem of low engraftment and tried to understand their role as auxiliary myogenic progenitors during development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine. University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Muscle Research Unit, Charité Medical Faculty and Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Giulio Cossu, ; Rossana Tonlorenzi, ; Silvia Brunelli, ; Maurilio Sampaolesi, ; Graziella Messina,
| | - Rossana Tonlorenzi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulio Cossu, ; Rossana Tonlorenzi, ; Silvia Brunelli, ; Maurilio Sampaolesi, ; Graziella Messina,
| | - Silvia Brunelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulio Cossu, ; Rossana Tonlorenzi, ; Silvia Brunelli, ; Maurilio Sampaolesi, ; Graziella Messina,
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulio Cossu, ; Rossana Tonlorenzi, ; Silvia Brunelli, ; Maurilio Sampaolesi, ; Graziella Messina,
| | - Graziella Messina
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulio Cossu, ; Rossana Tonlorenzi, ; Silvia Brunelli, ; Maurilio Sampaolesi, ; Graziella Messina,
| | - Emanuele Azzoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Benedetti
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Biressi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO) and Dulbecco Telethon Institute, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonfanti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laricia Bragg
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine. University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Camps
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ornella Cappellari
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Ciceri
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Coletta
- Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele-Telethon Institute of Gene Theray, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luciana De Angelis
- Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Galli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine. University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cesare Gargioli
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia F. M. Gerli
- UCL Department of Surgical Biotechnology and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Beatriz G. Galvez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Innocenzi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Giulia Minasi
- Lavitaminasi, Clinical Nutrition and Reproductive Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Perani
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | | | - Urmas Roostalu
- Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB), pRED Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuliana Rossi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Scardigli
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Dario Sirabella
- University College London, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and the Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Saverio Tedesco
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yvan Torrente
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo Ugarte
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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39
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Sharma K, Asp NT, Harrison SP, Siller R, Baumgarten SF, Gupta S, Chollet ME, Andersen E, Sullivan GJ, Simonsen A. Autophagy modulates cell fate decisions during lineage commitment. Autophagy 2021; 18:1915-1931. [PMID: 34923909 PMCID: PMC9450964 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2008691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early events during development leading to exit from a pluripotent state and commitment toward a specific germ layer still need in depth understanding. Autophagy has been shown to play a crucial role in both development and differentiation. This study employs human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells to understand the early events of lineage commitment with respect to the role of autophagy in this process. Our data indicate that a dip in autophagy facilitates exit from pluripotency. Upon exit, we demonstrate that the modulation of autophagy affects SOX2 levels and lineage commitment, with induction of autophagy promoting SOX2 degradation and mesendoderm formation, whereas inhibition of autophagy causes SOX2 accumulation and neuroectoderm formation. Thus, our results indicate that autophagy-mediated SOX2 turnover is a determining factor for lineage commitment. These findings will deepen our understanding of development and lead to improved methods to derive different lineages and cell types.Abbreviations: ACTB: Actin, beta; ATG: Autophagy-related; BafA1: Bafilomycin A1; CAS9: CRISPR associated protein 9; CQ: Chloroquine; DE: Definitive endoderm; hESCs: Human Embryonic Stem Cells; hiPSCs: Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; LAMP1: Lysosomal Associated Membrane Protein 1; MAP1LC3: Microtubule-Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3; MTOR: Mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Kinase; NANOG: Nanog Homeobox; PAX6: Paired Box 6; PE: Phosphatidylethanolamine; POU5F1: POU class 5 Homeobox 1; PRKAA2: Protein Kinase AMP-Activated Catalytic Subunit Alpha 2; SOX2: SRY-box Transcription Factor 2; SQSTM1: Sequestosome 1; ULK1: unc-51 like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1; WDFY3: WD Repeat and FYVE Domain Containing 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulbhushan Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi, India.,Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Nagham T Asp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sean P Harrison
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard Siller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saphira F Baumgarten
- Hybrid Technology Hub, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Swapnil Gupta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Maria E Chollet
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Andersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gareth J Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Montebello, Oslo, Norway
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40
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Folkendt L, Lohmann I, Domsch K. An Evolutionary Perspective on Hox Binding Site Preferences in Two Different Tissues. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9040057. [PMID: 34940504 PMCID: PMC8705983 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor (TF) networks define the precise development of multicellular organisms. While many studies focused on TFs expressed in specific cell types to elucidate their contribution to cell specification and differentiation, it is less understood how broadly expressed TFs perform their precise functions in the different cellular contexts. To uncover differences that could explain tissue-specific functions of such TFs, we analyzed here genomic chromatin interactions of the broadly expressed Drosophila Hox TF Ultrabithorax (Ubx) in the mesodermal and neuronal tissues using bioinformatics. Our investigations showed that Ubx preferentially interacts with multiple yet tissue-specific chromatin sites in putative regulatory regions of genes in both tissues. Importantly, we found the classical Hox/Ubx DNA binding motif to be enriched only among the neuronal Ubx chromatin interactions, whereas a novel Ubx-like motif with rather low predicted Hox affinities was identified among the regions bound by Ubx in the mesoderm. Finally, our analysis revealed that tissues-specific Ubx chromatin sites are also different with regards to the distribution of active and repressive histone marks. Based on our data, we propose that the tissue-related differences in Ubx binding behavior could be a result of the emergence of the mesoderm as a new germ layer in triploblastic animals, which might have required the Hox TFs to relax their binding specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Folkendt
- Developmental Biology, Erlangen-Nürnberg University, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Ingrid Lohmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (K.D.)
| | - Katrin Domsch
- Developmental Biology, Erlangen-Nürnberg University, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (K.D.)
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41
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Poliacikova G, Maurel-Zaffran C, Graba Y, Saurin AJ. Hox Proteins in the Regulation of Muscle Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:731996. [PMID: 34733846 PMCID: PMC8558437 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hox genes encode evolutionary conserved transcription factors that specify the anterior-posterior axis in all bilaterians. Being well known for their role in patterning ectoderm-derivatives, such as CNS and spinal cord, Hox protein function is also crucial in mesodermal patterning. While well described in the case of the vertebrate skeleton, much less is known about Hox functions in the development of different muscle types. In contrast to vertebrates however, studies in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have provided precious insights into the requirement of Hox at multiple stages of the myogenic process. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of Hox protein function in Drosophila and vertebrate muscle development, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying target gene regulation in this process. Emphasizing a tight ectoderm/mesoderm cross talk for proper locomotion, we discuss shared principles between CNS and muscle lineage specification and the emerging role of Hox in neuromuscular circuit establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yacine Graba
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, UMR 7288, Marseille, France
| | - Andrew J Saurin
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, UMR 7288, Marseille, France
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42
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Cashman TJ, Trivedi CM. Extracardiac Progenitors: Moving Beyond the First and Second Heart Field. Circ Res 2021; 129:488-490. [PMID: 34351798 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Cashman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.J.C., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.,Department of Medicine (T.J.C., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
| | - Chinmay M Trivedi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.J.C., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.,Department of Medicine (T.J.C., C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology (C.M.T.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
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43
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Maurya S, Yang W, Tamai M, Zhang Q, Erdmann-Gilmore P, Bystry A, Martins Rodrigues F, Valentine MC, Wong WH, Townsend R, Druley TE. Loss of KMT2C reprograms the epigenomic landscape in hPSCs resulting in NODAL overexpression and a failure of hemogenic endothelium specification. Epigenetics 2021; 17:220-238. [PMID: 34304711 PMCID: PMC8865227 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1954780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline or somatic variation in the family of KMT2 lysine methyltransferases have been associated with a variety of congenital disorders and cancers. Notably, KMT2A-fusions are prevalent in 70% of infant leukaemias but fail to phenocopy short latency leukaemogenesis in mammalian models, suggesting additional factors are necessary for transformation. Given the lack of additional somatic mutation, the role of epigenetic regulation in cell specification, and our prior results of germline KMT2C variation in infant leukaemia patients, we hypothesized that germline dysfunction of KMT2C altered haematopoietic specification. In isogenic KMT2C KO hPSCs, we found genome-wide differences in histone modifications at active and poised enhancers, leading to gene expression profiles akin to mesendoderm rather than mesoderm highlighted by a significant increase in NODAL expression and WNT inhibition, ultimately resulting in a lack of in vitro hemogenic endothelium specification. These unbiased multi-omic results provide new evidence for germline mechanisms increasing risk of early leukaemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Maurya
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Wei Yang
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Genome Technology Access Center, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Minori Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Petra Erdmann-Gilmore
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amelia Bystry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | | | - Mark C Valentine
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Wing H Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Reid Townsend
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Todd E Druley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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44
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Aramaki S, Kagiwada S, Wu G, Obridge D, Adachi K, Kutejova E, Lickert H, Hübner K, Schöler HR. Residual pluripotency is required for inductive germ cell segregation. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52553. [PMID: 34156139 PMCID: PMC8344911 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine‐tuned dissolution of pluripotency is critical for proper cell differentiation. Here we show that the mesodermal transcription factor, T, globally affects the properties of pluripotency through binding to Oct4 and to the loci of other pluripotency regulators. Strikingly, lower T levels coordinately affect naïve pluripotency, thereby directly activating the germ cell differentiation program, in contrast to the induction of germ cell fate of primed models. Contrary to the effect of lower T levels, higher T levels more severely affect the pluripotency state, concomitantly enhancing the somatic differentiation program and repressing the germ cell differentiation program. Consistent with such in vitro findings, nascent germ cells in vivo are detected in the region of lower T levels at the posterior primitive streak. Furthermore, T and core pluripotency regulators co‐localize at the loci of multiple germ cell determinants responsible for germ cell development. In conclusion, our findings indicate that residual pluripotency establishes the earliest and fundamental regulatory mechanism for inductive germline segregation from somatic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Aramaki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Saya Kagiwada
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Obridge
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Kenjiro Adachi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Kutejova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karin Hübner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.,Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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45
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Yaseen W, Kraft-Sheleg O, Zaffryar-Eilot S, Melamed S, Sun C, Millay DP, Hasson P. Fibroblast fusion to the muscle fiber regulates myotendinous junction formation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3852. [PMID: 34158500 PMCID: PMC8219707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate muscles and tendons are derived from distinct embryonic origins yet they must interact in order to facilitate muscle contraction and body movements. How robust muscle tendon junctions (MTJs) form to be able to withstand contraction forces is still not understood. Using techniques at a single cell resolution we reexamine the classical view of distinct identities for the tissues composing the musculoskeletal system. We identify fibroblasts that have switched on a myogenic program and demonstrate these dual identity cells fuse into the developing muscle fibers along the MTJs facilitating the introduction of fibroblast-specific transcripts into the elongating myofibers. We suggest this mechanism resulting in a hybrid muscle fiber, primarily along the fiber tips, enables a smooth transition from muscle fiber characteristics towards tendon features essential for forming robust MTJs. We propose that dual characteristics of junctional cells could be a common mechanism for generating stable interactions between tissues throughout the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesal Yaseen
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ortal Kraft-Sheleg
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shelly Zaffryar-Eilot
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shay Melamed
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peleg Hasson
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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46
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Wang Y, Wang H, Guo J, Gao J, Wang M, Xia M, Wen Y, Su P, Yang M, Liu M, Shi L, Cheng T, Zhou W, Zhou J. LGR4, Not LGR5, Enhances hPSC Hematopoiesis by Facilitating Mesoderm Induction via TGF-Beta Signaling Activation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107600. [PMID: 32375050 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts to generate functional blood cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) remain largely unsuccessful, mainly due to the lack of understanding of the regulatory network of human hematopoiesis. In this study, we identified leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) as an essential regulator of early hematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs. The deletion of LGR4 severely impairs mesoderm development, thereby limiting hematopoietic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, LGR5 is dispensable for hPSC hematopoiesis. The four R-spondin proteins show differential activities and dependencies on LGR4 in hematopoietic differentiation. The deletion of LGR4 almost entirely abolishes the enhancement induced by R-spondin1 and R-spondin3, but not R-spondin2. In addition, ZNRF3 is required for the response of R-spondin1-R-spondin3. At the mechanistic level, LGR4 regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling to control hematopoietic differentiation. Together, our results reveal vital roles of LGR4 in hematopoietic development and uncover distinct functions and underlying mechanisms for R-spondins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Mengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Meijuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, National Health and Family Planning Commission; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
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47
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Cheung MYQ, Roberts C, Scambler P, Stathopoulou A. Setd5 is required in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm for heart development and its haploinsufficiency is associated with outflow tract defects in mouse. Genesis 2021; 59:e23421. [PMID: 34050709 PMCID: PMC8564859 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects are a feature of several genetic haploinsufficiency syndromes, often involving transcriptional regulators. One property of haploinsufficient genes is their propensity for network interactions at the gene or protein level. In this article we took advantage of an online dataset of high throughput screening of mutations that are embryonic lethal in mice. Our aim was to identify new genes where the loss of function caused cardiovascular phenotypes resembling the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome models, that is, heterozygous and homozygous loss of Tbx1. One gene with a potentially haploinsufficient phenotype was identified, Setd5, thought to be involved in chromatin modification. We found murine Setd5 haploinsufficiency to be associated with double outlet right ventricle and perimembranous ventricular septal defect, although no genetic interaction with Tbx1 was detected. Conditional mutagenesis revealed that Setd5 was required in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm for progression of the heart tube through the ballooning stage to create a four-chambered heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Yu-Qing Cheung
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Roberts
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom.,Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Scambler
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Athanasia Stathopoulou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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48
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Hofbauer P, Jahnel SM, Papai N, Giesshammer M, Deyett A, Schmidt C, Penc M, Tavernini K, Grdseloff N, Meledeth C, Ginistrelli LC, Ctortecka C, Šalic Š, Novatchkova M, Mendjan S. Cardioids reveal self-organizing principles of human cardiogenesis. Cell 2021; 184:3299-3317.e22. [PMID: 34019794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organoids capable of forming tissue-like structures have transformed our ability to model human development and disease. With the notable exception of the human heart, lineage-specific self-organizing organoids have been reported for all major organs. Here, we established self-organizing cardioids from human pluripotent stem cells that intrinsically specify, pattern, and morph into chamber-like structures containing a cavity. Cardioid complexity can be controlled by signaling that instructs the separation of cardiomyocyte and endothelial layers and by directing epicardial spreading, inward migration, and differentiation. We find that cavity morphogenesis is governed by a mesodermal WNT-BMP signaling axis and requires its target HAND1, a transcription factor linked to developmental heart chamber defects. Upon cryoinjury, cardioids initiated a cell-type-dependent accumulation of extracellular matrix, an early hallmark of both regeneration and heart disease. Thus, human cardioids represent a powerful platform to mechanistically dissect self-organization, congenital heart defects and serve as a foundation for future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hofbauer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan M Jahnel
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Papai
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Giesshammer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alison Deyett
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Clara Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjam Penc
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katherina Tavernini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nastasja Grdseloff
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christy Meledeth
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lavinia Ceci Ginistrelli
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Ctortecka
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Šejla Šalic
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Minn KT, Dietmann S, Waye SE, Morris SA, Solnica-Krezel L. Gene expression dynamics underlying cell fate emergence in 2D micropatterned human embryonic stem cell gastruloids. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1210-1227. [PMID: 33891870 PMCID: PMC8185470 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells cultured in 2D micropatterns with BMP4 differentiate into a radial arrangement of germ layers and extraembryonic cells. Single-cell transcriptomes demonstrate generation of cell types transcriptionally similar to their in vivo counterparts in Carnegie stage 7 human gastrula. Time-course analyses indicate sequential differentiation, where the epiblast arises by 12 h between the prospective ectoderm in the center and the cells initiating differentiation toward extraembryonic fates at the edge. Extraembryonic and mesendoderm precursors arise from the epiblast by 24 h, while nascent mesoderm, endoderm, and primordial germ cell-like cells form by 44 h. Dynamic changes in transcripts encoding signaling components support a BMP, WNT, and Nodal hierarchy underlying germ-layer specification conserved across mammals, and FGF and HIPPO pathways being active throughout differentiation. This work also provides a resource for mining genes and pathways expressed in a stereotyped 2D gastruloid model, common with other species or unique to human gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyaw Thu Minn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Institute for Informatics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sarah E Waye
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samantha A Morris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lilianna Solnica-Krezel
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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50
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Yao Z, Wang J, Lu H, Li L, Zhuo T, Wan Q, Yie S. Zichong granules promote differentiation of ovarian granulosa-like cells from human embryonic stem cells in vitro. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2021; 41:203-211. [PMID: 33825399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Zichong granules (, ZCKL), a very effective herbal formula for treating infertility, have an impact on the differentiation of ovarian granulosa cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in vitro, and to explore the cellular mechanisms of its clinical effects. METHODS Serum from ZCKL-medicated rats was prepared and used to treat mesoderm cells derived from hESCs for 6 d. Normal rat serum and a set of growth factors were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. RESULTS ZCKL-medicated rat serum, but not normal rat serum, induced hESCs-derived mesoderm cells to differentiate into functional ovarian granulosa-like cells (OGLCs) in a similar manner to defined growth factors. The induced OGLCs resembled the morphology of native human granulosa cells, expressed granulosa cell-specific markers at both the mRNA and protein levels, produced high levels of estradiol and strongly responded to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulation. Furthermore, mRNA levels of follistatin, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 8 and bone morphogenetic protein 6 were dynamically changed during the process. CONCLUSION In the ZCKL treatment of infertility, one mechanism by which ZCKL may act is by influencing ovarian granulosa cell differentiation and development, possibly through the follistatin and BMP/SMAD signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouying Yao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Medical College/Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
- Gynecological Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Medical College/Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affinity Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian 712046, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Limin Li
- Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tianxiu Zhuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Medical College/Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Medical College/Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shangmian Yie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Medical College/Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610041, China
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