1
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Dark N, Cosson MV, Tsansizi LI, Owen TJ, Ferraro E, Francis AJ, Tsai S, Bouissou C, Weston A, Collinson L, Abi-Gerges N, Miller PE, MacLeod KT, Ehler E, Mitter R, Harding SE, Smith JC, Bernardo AS. Generation of left ventricle-like cardiomyocytes with improved structural, functional, and metabolic maturity from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep Methods 2023; 3:100456. [PMID: 37159667 PMCID: PMC10163040 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Decreased left ventricle (LV) function caused by genetic mutations or injury often leads to debilitating and fatal cardiovascular disease. LV cardiomyocytes are, therefore, a potentially valuable therapeutical target. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are neither homogeneous nor functionally mature, which reduces their utility. Here, we exploit cardiac development knowledge to instruct differentiation of hPSCs specifically toward LV cardiomyocytes. Correct mesoderm patterning and retinoic acid pathway blocking are essential to generate near-homogenous LV-specific hPSC-CMs (hPSC-LV-CMs). These cells transit via first heart field progenitors and display typical ventricular action potentials. Importantly, hPSC-LV-CMs exhibit increased metabolism, reduced proliferation, and improved cytoarchitecture and functional maturity compared with age-matched cardiomyocytes generated using the standard WNT-ON/WNT-OFF protocol. Similarly, engineered heart tissues made from hPSC-LV-CMs are better organized, produce higher force, and beat more slowly but can be paced to physiological levels. Together, we show that functionally matured hPSC-LV-CMs can be obtained rapidly without exposure to current maturation regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lorenza I. Tsansizi
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreia S. Bernardo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
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2
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Dominguez MH, Krup AL, Muncie JM, Bruneau BG. Graded mesoderm assembly governs cell fate and morphogenesis of the early mammalian heart. Cell 2023; 186:479-496.e23. [PMID: 36736300 PMCID: PMC10091855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using four-dimensional whole-embryo light sheet imaging with improved and accessible computational tools, we longitudinally reconstruct early murine cardiac development at single-cell resolution. Nascent mesoderm progenitors form opposing density and motility gradients, converting the temporal birth sequence of gastrulation into a spatial anterolateral-to-posteromedial arrangement. Migrating precardiac mesoderm does not strictly preserve cellular neighbor relationships, and spatial patterns only become solidified as the cardiac crescent emerges. Progenitors undergo a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, with a first heart field (FHF) ridge apposing a motile juxta-cardiac field (JCF). Anchored along the ridge, the FHF epithelium rotates the JCF forward to form the initial heart tube, along with push-pull morphodynamics of the second heart field. In Mesp1 mutants that fail to make a cardiac crescent, mesoderm remains highly motile but directionally incoherent, resulting in density gradient inversion. Our practicable live embryo imaging approach defines spatial origins and behaviors of cardiac progenitors and identifies their unanticipated morphological transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H Dominguez
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alexis Leigh Krup
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Human Genetics, and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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3
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Rampoldi A, Forghani P, Li D, Hwang H, Armand LC, Fite J, Boland G, Maxwell J, Maher K, Xu C. Space microgravity improves proliferation of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2272-2285. [PMID: 36084640 PMCID: PMC9561632 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In microgravity, cells undergo profound changes in their properties. However, how human cardiac progenitors respond to space microgravity is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of space microgravity on differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiac progenitors compared with 1G cultures on the International Space Station (ISS). Cryopreserved 3D cardiac progenitors were cultured for 3 weeks on the ISS. Compared with 1G cultures, the microgravity cultures had 3-fold larger sphere sizes, 20-fold higher counts of nuclei, and increased expression of proliferation markers. Highly enriched cardiomyocytes generated in space microgravity showed improved Ca2+ handling and increased expression of contraction-associated genes. Short-term exposure (3 days) of cardiac progenitors to space microgravity upregulated genes involved in cell proliferation, survival, cardiac differentiation, and contraction, consistent with improved microgravity cultures at the late stage. These results indicate that space microgravity increased proliferation of hiPSC-cardiomyocytes, which had appropriate structure and function. Cryopreserved 3D hiPSC-cardiac progenitors differentiated efficiently in space Microgravity cultures had increased sphere sizes and cellular proliferation Beating cardiomyocytes in microgravity cultures had improved Ca2+ handling Microgravity cultures had upregulated genes in cardiac contraction
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rampoldi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Parvin Forghani
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hyun Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lawrence Christian Armand
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Maher
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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4
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Duong TB, Waxman JS. Patterning of vertebrate cardiac progenitor fields by retinoic acid signaling. Genesis 2021; 59:e23458. [PMID: 34665508 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of retinoic acid (RA) signaling on vertebrate development has a well-studied history. Cumulatively, we now understand that RA signaling has a conserved requirement early in development restricting cardiac progenitors within the anterior lateral plate mesoderm of vertebrate embryos. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological manipulations of RA signaling in vertebrate models have shown that proper heart development is achieved through the deployment of positive and negative feedback mechanisms, which maintain appropriate RA levels. In this brief review, we present a chronological overview of key work that has led to a current model of the critical role for early RA signaling in limiting the generation of cardiac progenitors within vertebrate embryos. Furthermore, we integrate the previous work in mice and our recent findings using zebrafish, which together show that RA signaling has remarkably conserved influences on the later-differentiating progenitor populations at the arterial and venous poles. We discuss how recognizing the significant conservation of RA signaling on the differentiation of these progenitor populations offers new perspectives and may impact future work dedicated to examining vertebrate heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany B Duong
- Molecular Genetics Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joshua S Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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5
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Choquet C, Boulgakoff L, Kelly RG, Miquerol L. New Insights into the Development and Morphogenesis of the Cardiac Purkinje Fiber Network: Linking Architecture and Function. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:95. [PMID: 34436237 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8080095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid propagation of electrical activity through the ventricular conduction system (VCS) controls spatiotemporal contraction of the ventricles. Cardiac conduction defects or arrhythmias in humans are often associated with mutations in key cardiac transcription factors that have been shown to play important roles in VCS morphogenesis in mice. Understanding of the mechanisms of VCS development is thus crucial to decipher the etiology of conduction disturbances in adults. During embryogenesis, the VCS, consisting of the His bundle, bundle branches, and the distal Purkinje network, originates from two independent progenitor populations in the primary ring and the ventricular trabeculae. Differentiation into fast-conducting cardiomyocytes occurs progressively as ventricles develop to form a unique electrical pathway at late fetal stages. The objectives of this review are to highlight the structure–function relationship between VCS morphogenesis and conduction defects and to discuss recent data on the origin and development of the VCS with a focus on the distal Purkinje fiber network.
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6
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Abstract
Advances in our understanding of cardiovascular development have provided a roadmap for the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to the major cell types found in the heart. In this Perspective, we review the state of the field in generating and maturing cardiovascular cells from hPSCs based on our fundamental understanding of heart development. We then highlight their applications for studying human heart development, modeling disease-performing drug screening, and cell replacement therapy. With the advancements highlighted here, the promise that hPSCs will deliver new treatments for degenerative and debilitating diseases may soon be fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie I Protze
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Jee Hoon Lee
- BlueRock Therapeutics ULC, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gordon M Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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7
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André E, De Pauw A, Verdoy R, Brusa D, Bouzin C, Timmermans A, Bertrand L, Balligand JL. Changes of Metabolic Phenotype of Cardiac Progenitor Cells During Differentiation: Neutral Effect of Stimulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1498-1513. [PMID: 31530214 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) in the adult mammalian heart, as well as exogenous CPCs injected at the border zone of infarcted tissue, display very low differentiation rate into cardiac myocytes and marginal repair capacity in the injured heart. Emerging evidence supports an obligatory metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during stem cells differentiation, suggesting that pharmacological modulation of metabolism may improve CPC differentiation and, potentially, healing properties. In this study, we investigated the metabolic transition underlying CPC differentiation toward cardiac myocytes. In addition, we tested whether activators of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), known to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in other cell types would also improve CPC differentiation. Stem cell antigen 1 (Sca1+) CPCs were isolated from adult mouse hearts and their phenotype compared with more mature neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs). Under normoxia, glucose consumption and lactate release were significantly higher in CPCs than in NRCMs. Both parameters were increased in hypoxia together with increased abundance of Glut1 (glucose transporter), of the monocarboxylic transporter Mct4 (lactate efflux mediator) and of Pfkfb3 (key regulator of glycolytic rate). CPC proliferation was critically dependent on glucose and glutamine availability in the media. Oxygen consumption analysis indicates that, compared with NRCMs, CPCs exhibited lower basal and maximal respirations with lower Tomm20 protein expression and mitochondrial DNA content. This CPC metabolic phenotype profoundly changed upon in vitro differentiation, with a decrease of glucose consumption and lactate release together with increased abundance of Tnnt2, Pgc-1α, Tomm20, and mitochondrial DNA content. Proliferative CPCs express both alpha1 and -2 catalytic subunits of AMPK that is activated by A769662. However, A769662 or resveratrol (an activator of Pgc-1α and AMPK) did not promote either mitochondrial biogenesis or CPC maturation during their differentiation. We conclude that although CPC differentiation is accompanied with an increase of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, this is not potentiated by activation of AMPK in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie André
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélia De Pauw
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roxane Verdoy
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Davide Brusa
- Flow Cytometry Platform, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- I2P Imaging Platform, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Timmermans
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Perl E, Waxman JS. Reiterative Mechanisms of Retinoic Acid Signaling during Vertebrate Heart Development. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7020011. [PMID: 31151214 PMCID: PMC6631158 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tightly-regulated levels of retinoic acid (RA) are critical for promoting normal vertebrate development. The extensive history of research on RA has shown that its proper regulation is essential for cardiac progenitor specification and organogenesis. Here, we discuss the roles of RA signaling and its establishment of networks that drive both early and later steps of normal vertebrate heart development. We focus on studies that highlight the drastic effects alternative levels of RA have on early cardiomyocyte (CM) specification and cardiac chamber morphogenesis, consequences of improper RA synthesis and degradation, and known effectors downstream of RA. We conclude with the implications of these findings to our understanding of cardiac regeneration and the etiologies of congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliyahu Perl
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
- The Heart Institute and Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Joshua S Waxman
- The Heart Institute and Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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9
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Min YL, Jaichander P, Sanchez-Ortiz E, Bezprozvannaya S, Malladi VS, Cui M, Wang Z, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN, Liu N. Identification of a multipotent Twist2-expressing cell population in the adult heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8430-9. [PMID: 30127033 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800526115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist transcription factors function as ancestral regulators of mesodermal cell fates in organisms ranging from Drosophila to mammals. Through lineage tracing of Twist2 (Tw2)-expressing cells with tamoxifen-inducible Tw2-CreERT2 and tdTomato (tdTO) reporter mice, we discovered a unique cell population that progressively contributes to cardiomyocytes (CMs), endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in the adult heart. Clonal analysis confirmed the ability of Tw2-derived tdTO+ (Tw2-tdTO+) cells to form CMs in vitro. Within the adult heart, Tw2-tdTO+ CMs accounted for ∼13% of total CMs, the majority of which resulted from fusion of Tw2-tdTO+ cells with existing CMs. Tw2-tdTO+ cells also contribute to cardiac remodeling after injury. We conclude that Tw2-tdTO+ cells participate in lifelong maintenance of cardiac function, at least in part through de novo formation of CMs and fusion with preexisting CMs, as well as in the genesis of other cellular components of the adult heart.
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10
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Dorn T, Kornherr J, Parrotta EI, Zawada D, Ayetey H, Santamaria G, Iop L, Mastantuono E, Sinnecker D, Goedel A, Dirschinger RJ, My I, Laue S, Bozoglu T, Baarlink C, Ziegler T, Graf E, Hinkel R, Cuda G, Kääb S, Grace AA, Grosse R, Kupatt C, Meitinger T, Smith AG, Laugwitz KL, Moretti A. Interplay of cell-cell contacts and RhoA/MRTF-A signaling regulates cardiomyocyte identity. EMBO J 2018; 37:e98133. [PMID: 29764980 PMCID: PMC6003642 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions guide organ development and homeostasis by controlling lineage specification and maintenance, but the underlying molecular principles are largely unknown. Here, we show that in human developing cardiomyocytes cell-cell contacts at the intercalated disk connect to remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the RhoA-ROCK signaling to maintain an active MRTF/SRF transcriptional program essential for cardiomyocyte identity. Genetic perturbation of this mechanosensory pathway activates an ectopic fat gene program during cardiomyocyte differentiation, which ultimately primes the cells to switch to the brown/beige adipocyte lineage in response to adipogenesis-inducing signals. We also demonstrate by in vivo fate mapping and clonal analysis of cardiac progenitors that cardiac fat and a subset of cardiac muscle arise from a common precursor expressing Isl1 and Wt1 during heart development, suggesting related mechanisms of determination between the two lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Dorn
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Kornherr
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elvira I Parrotta
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dorota Zawada
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Harold Ayetey
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisa Mastantuono
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Sinnecker
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Goedel
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf J Dirschinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ilaria My
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Laue
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tarik Bozoglu
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tilman Ziegler
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- IPEK Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Klinikum der Universität München - Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical School, University of Magna Grecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München - Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew A Grace
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Grosse
- Pharmacology Institute, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Austin G Smith
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Alessandra Moretti
- Klinik und Poliklinik Innere Medizin I, Klinikum rechts der Isar - Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) - partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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11
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Cunningham TJ, Yu MS, McKeithan WL, Spiering S, Carrette F, Huang CT, Bushway PJ, Tierney M, Albini S, Giacca M, Mano M, Puri PL, Sacco A, Ruiz-Lozano P, Riou JF, Umbhauer M, Duester G, Mercola M, Colas AR. Id genes are essential for early heart formation. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1325-1338. [PMID: 28794185 PMCID: PMC5580654 DOI: 10.1101/gad.300400.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the fundamental mechanisms controlling cardiac specification is critical for our understanding of how heart formation is initiated during embryonic development and for applying stem cell biology to regenerative medicine and disease modeling. Using systematic and unbiased functional screening approaches, we discovered that the Id family of helix-loop-helix proteins is both necessary and sufficient to direct cardiac mesoderm formation in frog embryos and human embryonic stem cells. Mechanistically, Id proteins specify cardiac cell fate by repressing two inhibitors of cardiogenic mesoderm formation-Tcf3 and Foxa2-and activating inducers Evx1, Grrp1, and Mesp1. Most importantly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ablation of the entire Id (Id1-4) family in mouse embryos leads to failure of anterior cardiac progenitor specification and the development of heartless embryos. Thus, Id proteins play a central and evolutionarily conserved role during heart formation and provide a novel means to efficiently produce cardiovascular progenitors for regenerative medicine and drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Cunningham
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Michael S Yu
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Wesley L McKeithan
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Sean Spiering
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Florent Carrette
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Chun-Teng Huang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Paul J Bushway
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Matthew Tierney
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Sonia Albini
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Miguel Mano
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sacco
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Pilar Ruiz-Lozano
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Regencor, Inc., Los Altos, California 94022, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Riou
- UMR 7622 Developmental Biology, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie, F- 75005 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Umbhauer
- UMR 7622 Developmental Biology, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre and Marie Curie, F- 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gregg Duester
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA.,Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | - Alexandre R Colas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, 92037, USA
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12
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Deshwar AR, Chng SC, Ho L, Reversade B, Scott IC. The Apelin receptor enhances Nodal/TGFβ signaling to ensure proper cardiac development. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27077952 PMCID: PMC4859801 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Apelin receptor (Aplnr) is essential for heart development, controlling the early migration of cardiac progenitors. Here we demonstrate that in zebrafish Aplnr modulates Nodal/TGFβ signaling, a key pathway essential for mesendoderm induction and migration. Loss of Aplnr function leads to a reduction in Nodal target gene expression whereas activation of Aplnr by a non-peptide agonist increases the expression of these same targets. Furthermore, loss of Aplnr results in a delay in the expression of the cardiogenic transcription factors mespaa/ab. Elevating Nodal levels in aplnra/b morphant and double mutant embryos is sufficient to rescue cardiac differentiation defects. We demonstrate that loss of Aplnr attenuates the activity of a point source of Nodal ligands Squint and Cyclops in a non-cell autonomous manner. Our results favour a model in which Aplnr is required to fine-tune Nodal output, acting as a specific rheostat for the Nodal/TGFβ pathway during the earliest stages of cardiogenesis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13758.001 In one of the first events that happens as an embryo develops, cells become the different stem cell populations that form the body’s organs. So what makes a cell become one stem cell type rather than another? In the case of the heart, the first important event is the activity of a signaling pathway called the Nodal/TGFβ pathway. Nodal signaling can drive cells to become many different stem cell types depending on its level of activity. Many different levels of regulation fine-tune Nodal signaling to produce these activity thresholds. Zebrafish that have a mutation in the gene that encodes a protein called the Apelin receptor have no heart. The loss of this receptor interferes with how heart stem cells (called cardiac progenitors) are made and how they move to where heart development occurs. Deshwar et al. have now studied mutant zebrafish in order to investigate how the Apelin receptor influences early heart development. This revealed that Nodal signaling levels are slightly lower in the mutant zebrafish embryos than in normal fish at the time when Nodal activity induces cardiac progenitors to form. When Nodal activity is experimentally boosted in zebrafish that lack the Apelin receptor, they become able to develop hearts. Deshwar et al. also found that the Apelin receptor does not work in cells that produce or receive Nodal signals. This suggests that the Apelin receptor modulates Nodal signaling levels by acting in cells that lie between the cells that release Nodal signals and the cardiac progenitors. An important question for future work to address is how this modulation works. As Nodal is a key determinant of many cell types in developing embryos, learning how Apelin receptors regulate its activity could help researchers to derive specific cell types from cultured stem cells for use in regenerative medicine. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13758.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish R Deshwar
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Serene C Chng
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lena Ho
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, , Singapore
| | - Ian C Scott
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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13
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Ja KPMM, Miao Q, Zhen Tee NG, Lim SY, Nandihalli M, Ramachandra CJA, Mehta A, Shim W. iPSC-derived human cardiac progenitor cells improve ventricular remodelling via angiogenesis and interstitial networking of infarcted myocardium. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:323-32. [PMID: 26612359 PMCID: PMC4727567 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the effects of myocardial transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived progenitors and cardiomyocytes into acutely infarcted myocardium in severe combined immune deficiency mice. A total of 2 × 105 progenitors, cardiomyocytes or cell‐free saline were injected into peri‐infarcted anterior free wall. Sham‐operated animals received no injection. Myocardial function was assessed at 2‐week and 4‐week post‐infarction by using echocardiography and pressure‐volume catheterization. Early myocardial remodelling was observed at 2‐week with echocardiography derived stroke volume (SV) in saline (20.45 ± 7.36 μl, P < 0.05) and cardiomyocyte (19.52 ± 3.97 μl, P < 0.05) groups, but not in progenitor group (25.65 ± 3.61 μl), significantly deteriorated as compared to sham control group (28.41 ± 4.41 μl). Consistently, pressure–volume haemodynamic measurements showed worsening chamber dilation in saline (EDV: 23.24 ± 5.01 μl, P < 0.05; ESV: 17.08 ± 5.82 μl, P < 0.05) and cardiomyocyte (EDV: 26.45 ± 5.69 μl, P < 0.05; ESV: 18.03 ± 6.58 μl, P < 0.05) groups by 4‐week post‐infarction as compared to control (EDV: 15.26 ± 2.96 μl; ESV: 8.41 ± 2.94 μl). In contrast, cardiac progenitors (EDV: 20.09 ± 7.76 μl; ESV: 13.98 ± 6.74 μl) persistently protected chamber geometry against negative cardiac remodelling. Similarly, as compared to sham control (54.64 ± 11.37%), LV ejection fraction was preserved in progenitor group from 2‐(38.68 ± 7.34%) to 4‐week (39.56 ± 13.26%) while cardiomyocyte (36.52 ± 11.39%, P < 0.05) and saline (35.34 ± 11.86%, P < 0.05) groups deteriorated early at 2‐week. Improvements of myocardial function in the progenitor group corresponded to increased vascularization (16.12 ± 1.49/mm2 to 25.48 ± 2.08/mm2 myocardial tissue, P < 0.05) and coincided with augmented networking of cardiac telocytes in the interstitial space of infarcted zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Myu Mia Ja
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Miao
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nicole Gui Zhen Tee
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Yun Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manasi Nandihalli
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ashish Mehta
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School
| | - Winston Shim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School
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14
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Abstract
Single ventricle physiology, especially hypoplastic left heart syndrome, is one of the most high-risk lesions in children with congenital heart disease, and the ensuing heart failure remains as a major problem related to adverse outcomes in these patients. The field of stem cell therapy for heart failure has shown striking advances during the past 10 years, and many clinical trials using stem cell technologies have been conducted in adults, which suggest that stem cell therapy is associated with long-term improvement in cardiac function. Cardiac progenitor cells have recently been discovered, and their strong regenerative ability has been demonstrated in several studies. Although no large clinical trials have been performed in the field of congenital heart disease, recent investigations indicate that stem cell therapy may hold great potential to treat children with cardiac defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Tarui
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunji Sano
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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15
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Caputo L, Witzel HR, Kolovos P, Cheedipudi S, Looso M, Mylona A, van IJcken WFJ, Laugwitz KL, Evans SM, Braun T, Soler E, Grosveld F, Dobreva G. The Isl1/Ldb1 Complex Orchestrates Genome-wide Chromatin Organization to Instruct Differentiation of Multipotent Cardiac Progenitors. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17:287-99. [PMID: 26321200 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac stem/progenitor cells hold great potential for regenerative therapies; however, the mechanisms regulating their expansion and differentiation remain insufficiently defined. Here we show that Ldb1 is a central regulator of genome organization in cardiac progenitor cells, which is crucial for cardiac lineage differentiation and heart development. We demonstrate that Ldb1 binds to the key regulator of cardiac progenitors, Isl1, and protects it from degradation. Furthermore, the Isl1/Ldb1 complex promotes long-range enhancer-promoter interactions at the loci of the core cardiac transcription factors Mef2c and Hand2. Chromosome conformation capture followed by sequencing identified specific Ldb1-mediated interactions of the Isl1/Ldb1 responsive Mef2c anterior heart field enhancer with genes that play key roles in cardiac progenitor cell function and cardiovascular development. Importantly, the expression of these genes was downregulated upon Ldb1 depletion and Isl1/Ldb1 haplodeficiency. In conclusion, the Isl1/Ldb1 complex orchestrates a network for heart-specific transcriptional regulation and coordination in three-dimensional space during cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Caputo
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hagen R Witzel
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Petros Kolovos
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sirisha Cheedipudi
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Athina Mylona
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent CT1 1QU, UK
| | | | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- I. Medical Department, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Department of Medicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Eric Soler
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis, CEA/DSV/iRCM/LHM, INSERM UMR967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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16
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D'Aniello E, Waxman JS. Input overload: Contributions of retinoic acid signaling feedback mechanisms to heart development and teratogenesis. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:513-23. [PMID: 25418431 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate levels of retinoic acid (RA) signaling are critical for normal heart development in vertebrates. A fascinating property of RA signaling is the thoroughness by which positive and negative feedback are employed to promote proper embryonic RA levels. In the present short review, we first cover the advancement of hypotheses regarding the impact of RA signaling on cardiac specification. We then discuss our current understanding of RA signaling feedback mechanisms and the implications of recent studies, which have indicated improperly maintained RA signaling feedback can be a contributing factor to developmental malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico D'Aniello
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio
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17
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Bellamy V, Vanneaux V, Bel A, Nemetalla H, Emmanuelle Boitard S, Farouz Y, Joanne P, Perier MC, Robidel E, Mandet C, Hagège A, Bruneval P, Larghero J, Agbulut O, Menasché P. Long-term functional benefits of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors embedded into a fibrin scaffold. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014; 34:1198-207. [PMID: 25534019 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac-committed cells and biomimetic scaffolds independently improve the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells. In this study we tested the long-term effects of their combination. METHODS Eighty immune-deficient rats underwent permanent coronary artery ligation. Five to 7 weeks later, those with an echocardiographically measured ejection fraction (EF) ≤55% were re-operated on and randomly allocated to receive a cell-free fibrin patch (n = 25), a fibrin patch loaded with 700,000 human embryonic stem cells (ESC) pre-treated to promote early cardiac differentiation (SSEA-1(+) progenitors [n = 30]), or to serve as sham-operated animals (n = 25). Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography at baseline and every month thereafter until 4 months. Hearts were then processed for assessment of fibrosis and angiogenesis and a 5-component heart failure score was constructed by integrating the absolute change in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) between 4 months and baseline, and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based expression of natriuretic peptides A and B, myosin heavy chain 7 and periostin. All data were recorded and analyzed in a blinded manner. RESULTS The cell-treated group consistently yielded better functional outcomes than the sham-operated group (p = 0.002 for EF; p = 0.01 for LVESV). Angiogenesis in the border zone was also significantly greater in the cell-fibrin group (p = 0.006), which yielded the lowest heart failure score (p = 0.04 vs sham). Engrafted progenitors were only detected shortly after transplantation; no grafted cells were identified after 4 months. There was no teratoma identified. CONCLUSIONS A fibrin scaffold loaded with ESC-derived cardiac progenitors resulted in sustained improvement in contractility and attenuation of remodeling without sustained donor cell engraftment. A paracrine effect, possibly on innate reparative responses, is a possible mechanism for this enduring effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Bellamy
- INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Vanneaux
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Cell Therapy Unit and Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapies (CBT501), INSERM UMR1160, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alain Bel
- INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hany Nemetalla
- INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiology, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Solène Emmanuelle Boitard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Yohan Farouz
- INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Joanne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | | | - Estelle Robidel
- INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Mandet
- INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Albert Hagège
- INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiology, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Pathology, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Cell Therapy Unit and Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapies (CBT501), INSERM UMR1160, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Menasché
- INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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18
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Abstract
Although cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and tissue engineering are very promising for cardiac regenerative medicine, studies with model organisms for heart regeneration will provide alternative therapeutic targets and opportunities. Here, we present a review on heart regeneration, with a particular focus on the most recent work in mouse and zebrafish. We attempt to summarize the recent progresses and bottlenecks of CSCs and tissue engineering for heart regeneration; and emphasize what we have learned from mouse and zebrafish regenerative models on discovering crucial genetic and epigenetic factors for stimulating heart regeneration; and speculate the potential application of these regenerative factors for heart failure. A brief perspective highlights several important and promising research directions in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Xiong
- are from Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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19
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Abstract
The heart is a large organ containing many cell types, each of which is necessary for normal function. Because of this, cardiac regenerative medicine presents many unique challenges. Because each of the many types of cells within the heart has unique physiological and electrophysiological characteristics, donor cells must be well matched to the area of the heart into which they are grafted to avoid mechanical dysfunction or arrhythmia. In addition, grafted cells must be functionally integrated into host tissue to effectively repair cardiac function. Because of its size and physiological function, the metabolic needs of the heart are considerable. Therefore grafts must contain not only cardiomyocytes but also a functional vascular network to meet their needs for oxygen and nutrition. In this article we review progress in the use of pluripotent stem cells as a source of donor cardiomyocytes and highlight current unmet needs in the field. We also examine recent tissue engineering approaches integrating cells with various engineered materials that should address some of these unmet needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Dai
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
| | - Ann C. Foley
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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20
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Kimura W, Sadek HA. The cardiac hypoxic niche: emerging role of hypoxic microenvironment in cardiac progenitors. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2013; 2:278-89. [PMID: 24282728 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2012.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resident stem cells persist throughout the entire lifetime of an organism where they replenishing damaged cells. Numerous types of resident stem cells are housed in a low-oxygen tension (hypoxic) microenvironment, or niches, which seem to be critical for survival and maintenance of stem cells. Recently our group has identified the adult mammalian epicardium and subepicardium as a hypoxic niche for cardiac progenitor cells. Similar to hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs), progenitor cells in the hypoxic epicardial niche utilize cytoplasmic glycolysis instead of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, where hypoxia inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α) maintains them in glycolytic undifferentiated state. In this review we summarize the relationship between hypoxic signaling and stem cell function, and discuss potential roles of several cardiac stem/progenitor cells in cardiac homeostasis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kimura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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