1
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Huang R, Zhang C, Zheng Y, Zhang W, Huang H, Qiu M, Li J, Li F. ISL1 regulates lung branching morphogenesis via Shh signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105034. [PMID: 37442233 PMCID: PMC10406864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung branching morphogenesis relies on a complex coordination of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors. Here, we found that ablation of the LIM homeodomain transcription factor Islet1 (Isl1) in lung epithelium resulted in defective branching morphogenesis and incomplete formation of five lobes. A reduction in mesenchymal cell proliferation was observed in Isl1ShhCre lungs. There was no difference in apoptosis between the wild-type (ShhCre) and Isl1ShhCre embryos. RNA-Seq and in situ hybridization analysis showed that Shh, Ptch1, Sox9, Irx1, Irx2, Tbx2, and Tbx3 were downregulated in the lungs of Isl1ShhCre embryos. ChIP assay implied the Shh gene served as a direct target of ISL1, since the transcription factor ISL1 could bind to the Shh epithelial enhancer sequence (MACS1). Also, activation of the Hedgehog pathway via ectopic gene expression rescued the defects caused by Isl1 ablation, confirming the genetic integration of Hedgehog signaling. In conclusion, our works suggest that epithelial Isl1 regulates lung branching morphogenesis through administrating the Shh signaling mediated epithelial-mesenchymal communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chujing Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huarong Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feixue Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Liu Z, Hu W, Qin Y, Sun L, Jing L, Lu M, Li Y, Qu J, Yang Z. Isl1 promotes gene transcription through physical interaction with Set1/Mll complexes. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151295. [PMID: 36758343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation is generally recognized as a prominent marker of gene activation. While Set1/Mll complexes are major methyltransferases that are responsible for H3K4 methylation, the mechanism of how these complexes are recruited into the target gene promotor is still unclear. Here, starting with an affinity purification-mass spectrometry approach, we have found that Isl1, a highly tissue-specific expressed LIM/homeodomain transcription factor, is physically associated with Set1/Mll complexes. We then show that Wdr5 directly binds to Isl1. And this binding is likely mediated by the homeodomain of Isl1. Functionally, using mouse β-cell and human neuroblastoma tumor cell lines, we show that both Wdr5 binding and H3K4 methylation level at promoters of some Isl1 target genes are significantly reduced upon depletion of Isl1, suggesting Isl1 is required for efficient locus-specific H3K4 methylation. Taken together, our results establish a critical role of Set1/Mll complexes in regulating the target gene expression of Isl1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weijing Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yali Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lingyun Jing
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Manman Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Qu
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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3
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Closser M, Guo Y, Wang P, Patel T, Jang S, Hammelman J, De Nooij JC, Kopunova R, Mazzoni EO, Ruan Y, Gifford DK, Wichterle H. An expansion of the non-coding genome and its regulatory potential underlies vertebrate neuronal diversity. Neuron 2022; 110:70-85.e6. [PMID: 34727520 PMCID: PMC8738133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Proper assembly and function of the nervous system requires the generation of a uniquely diverse population of neurons expressing a cell-type-specific combination of effector genes that collectively define neuronal morphology, connectivity, and function. How countless partially overlapping but cell-type-specific patterns of gene expression are controlled at the genomic level remains poorly understood. Here we show that neuronal genes are associated with highly complex gene regulatory systems composed of independent cell-type- and cell-stage-specific regulatory elements that reside in expanded non-coding genomic domains. Mapping enhancer-promoter interactions revealed that motor neuron enhancers are broadly distributed across the large chromatin domains. This distributed regulatory architecture is not a unique property of motor neurons but is employed throughout the nervous system. The number of regulatory elements increased dramatically during the transition from invertebrates to vertebrates, suggesting that acquisition of new enhancers might be a fundamental process underlying the evolutionary increase in cellular complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Closser
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuchun Guo
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Tulsi Patel
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sumin Jang
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer Hammelman
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joriene C De Nooij
- Department of Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachel Kopunova
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Yijun Ruan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - David K Gifford
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Departments of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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4
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Ren J, Miao D, Li Y, Gao R. Spotlight on Isl1: A Key Player in Cardiovascular Development and Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:793605. [PMID: 34901033 PMCID: PMC8656156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.793605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac transcription factors orchestrate a regulatory network controlling cardiovascular development. Isl1, a LIM-homeodomain transcription factor, acts as a key player in multiple organs during embryonic development. Its crucial roles in cardiovascular development have been elucidated by extensive studies, especially as a marker gene for the second heart field progenitors. Here, we summarize the roles of Isl1 in cardiovascular development and function, and outline its cellular and molecular modes of action, thus providing insights for the molecular basis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ren
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Danxiu Miao
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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5
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Zhou M, Tao X, Sui M, Cui M, Liu D, Wang B, Wang T, Zheng Y, Luo J, Mu Y, Wan F, Zhu LQ, Zhang B. Reprogramming astrocytes to motor neurons by activation of endogenous Ngn2 and Isl1. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1777-1791. [PMID: 34171285 PMCID: PMC8282467 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system injury and neurodegenerative diseases cause irreversible loss of neurons. Overexpression of exogenous specific transcription factors can reprogram somatic cells into functional neurons for regeneration and functional reconstruction. However, these practices are potentially problematic due to the integration of vectors into the host genome. Here, we showed that the activation of endogenous genes Ngn2 and Isl1 by CRISPRa enabled reprogramming of mouse spinal astrocytes and embryonic fibroblasts to motor neurons. These induced neurons showed motor neuronal morphology and exhibited electrophysiological activities. Furthermore, astrocytes in the spinal cord of the adult mouse can be converted into motor neurons by this approach with high efficiency. These results demonstrate that the activation of endogenous genes is sufficient to induce astrocytes into functional motor neurons in vitro and in vivo. This direct neuronal reprogramming approach may provide a novel potential therapeutic strategy for treating neurodegenerative diseases and spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoqing Tao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ming Sui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengge Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yunjie Zheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Juan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yangling Mu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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6
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Falco A, Bartolomé-Cabrero R, Gascón S. Bcl-2-Assisted Reprogramming of Mouse Astrocytes and Human Fibroblasts into Induced Neurons. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2352:57-71. [PMID: 34324180 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1601-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Direct neuronal reprogramming is a promising strategy to generate various types of neurons that are, otherwise, inaccessible for researchers. However, the efficiency of neuronal conversion is highly dependent on the transcription factor used, the identity of the initial cells to convert, their species' background, and the neuronal subtype to which cells will convert. Regardless of these conditioning factors, the apoptotic regulator Bcl-2 acts as a pan-neuronal reprogramming enhancer. Bcl-2 mediates its effect in reprogramming by preventing an overshot of oxidative stress during the acquisition of a neuronal oxidative metabolism, thus reducing cell death by ferroptosis and facilitating the phenotypic conversion. In this chapter, we outline two methods to obtain either mouse or human neurons derived from postnatal astrocytes and skin fibroblasts, respectively. The overall reprogramming strategy is based on the co-expression of Bcl-2 and the transcription factor Neurog2 that produces mostly excitatory neurons. However, the method can be easily adapted to achieve alternative neuronal subtypes by using additional transcription factors, such as Isl1 for motor neurons. Therefore, our approaches provide solid but flexible platforms to obtain human and mouse induced neurons in vitro that can be applied to basic or translational research.
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7
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Wang J, He Q, Zhang K, Sun H, Zhang G, Liang H, Guo J, Hao L, Ke J, Chen S. Quick Commitment and Efficient Reprogramming Route of Direct Induction of Retinal Ganglion Cell-like Neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:1095-1110. [PMID: 33096050 PMCID: PMC7663790 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct reprogramming has been widely explored to generate various types of neurons for neurobiological research and translational medicine applications, but there is still no efficient reprogramming method to generate retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-like neurons, which are the sole projection neurons in the retina. Here, we show that three transcription factors, Ascl1, Brn3b, and Isl1, efficiently convert fibroblasts into RGC-like neurons (iRGCs). Furthermore, we show that the competence of cells to enter iRGC reprogramming route is determined by the cell-cycle status at a very early stage of the process. The iRGC reprogramming route involves intermediate states that are characterized by a transient inflammatory-like response followed by active epigenomic and transcriptional modifications. Our study provides an efficient method to generate iRGCs, which would be a valuable cell source for potential glaucoma cell replacement therapy and drug screening studies, and reveals the key cellular events that govern successful neuronal fate reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Qinghai He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Huilin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Lili Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Jiangbin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Shuyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
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8
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He D, Guo R, Zheng D, Xu M, Li P, Guo L, Gan L. Transcription factor Isl1 is dispensable for the development of the mouse prosensory region. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:407-414. [PMID: 32219582 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to identify genes involved in the development of inner ear hair cells, we investigated the role of the transcription factor Islet-class LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD) 1 (Isl1) in the development of the mouse prosensory region. Isl1 was deleted using the Pax2-Cre system, and deletion of both alleles was verified using cochlea sections. Changes in the number of prosensory region cells were measured to determine the effect of Isl1 on the development of the mouse prosensory region. In order to test whether Isl1 formed a protein complex with Ldb1 and Gata3, co-immunoprecipitation experiments were performed in HEK293 cells using the Flag-tagged LIM-domain of Isl1, HA-tagged LID of Ldb1 and Myc-tagged C-terminal domain of Gata3. The expression of Gata3, Sox2, Jag1 and P27 proteins in the prosensory region were not affected in Isl1-/- prosensory cells. Thus, Isl1 did not form a protein complex with Gata3 through Ldb1 in the Isl1-/- cells. Our results suggest that Isl1 may be dispensable for the development of the mouse prosensory region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiang He
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongwang Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, HangZhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Li
- HangZhou CalyGene Bitechnology Limited Company, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luming Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Gan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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9
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Kim E, Jiang M, Huang H, Zhang Y, Tjota N, Gao X, Robert J, Gilmore N, Gan L, Que J. Isl1 Regulation of Nkx2.1 in the Early Foregut Epithelium Is Required for Trachea-Esophageal Separation and Lung Lobation. Dev Cell 2019; 51:675-683.e4. [PMID: 31813798 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The esophagus and trachea arise from the dorsal and ventral aspects of the anterior foregut, respectively. Abnormal trachea-esophageal separation leads to the common birth defect esophageal atresia with or without trachea-esophageal fistula (EA/TEF). Yet the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we combine Xenopus and mouse genetic models to identify that the transcription factor Isl1 orchestrates trachea-esophageal separation through modulating a specific epithelial progenitor cell population (midline epithelial cells [MECs], Isl1+ Nkx2.1+ Sox2+) located at the dorsal-ventral boundary of the foregut. Lineage tracing experiments show that MECs contribute to both tracheal and esophageal epithelium, and Isl1 is required for Nkx2.1 transcription in MECs. Deletion of the chromosomal region spanning the ISL1 gene has been found in patients with abnormal trachea-esophageal separation. Our studies thus provide definitive evidence that ISL1 is a critical player in the process of foregut morphogenesis, acting in a small progenitor population of boundary cells.
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10
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Toch M, Clotman F. CBP and p300 coactivators contribute to the maintenance of Isl1 expression by the Onecut transcription factors in embryonic spinal motor neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 101:103411. [PMID: 31648029 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Onecut transcription factors are required to maintain Islet1 (Isl1) expression in developing spinal motor neurons (MNs), and this process is critical for proper MN differentiation. However, the mechanisms whereby OC stimulate Isl1 expression remain unknown. CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300 paralogs are transcriptional coactivators that interact with OC proteins in hepatic cells. In the embryonic spinal cord, CBP and p300 play key roles in neurogenesis and MN differentiation. Here, using chromatin immunoprecipitation and in ovo electroporation in chicken spinal cord, we provide evidence that CBP and p300 contribute to the regulation of Isl1 expression by the OC factors in embryonic spinal MNs. CBP and p300 are detected on the CREST2 enhancer of Isl1 where OC factors are also bound. Inhibition of CBP and p300 activity inhibits activation of the CREST2 enhancer and prevents the stimulation of Isl1 expression by the OC factors. These observations suggest that CBP and p300 coactivators cooperate with OC factors to maintain Isl1 expression in postmitotic MNs.
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11
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Palaniappan TK, Slekiene L, Gunhaga L, Patthey C. Extensive apoptosis during the formation of the terminal nerve ganglion by olfactory placode-derived cells with distinct molecular markers. Differentiation 2019; 110:8-16. [PMID: 31539705 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The terminal nerve ganglion (TNG) is a well-known structure of the peripheral nervous system in cartilaginous and teleost fishes. It derives from the olfactory placode during embryonic development. While the differentiation and migration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-expressing neurons from the olfactory placode has been well documented, the TNG has been neglected in birds and mammals, and its development is less well described. Here we describe the formation of a ganglion-like structure from migratory olfactory placodal cells in chicken. The TNG is surrounded by neural crest cells, but in contrast to other cranial sensory ganglia, we observed no neural crest corridor, and olfactory unsheathing cells appear only after the onset of neuronal migration. We identified Isl1 and Lhx2 as two transcription factors that label neuronal subpopulations in the forming TNG, distinct from GnRH1+ cells, thereby revealing a diversity of cell types during the formation of the TNG. We also provide evidence for extensive apoptosis in the terminal nerve ganglion shortly after its formation, but not in other cranial sensory ganglia. Moreover, at later stages placode-derived neurons expressing GnRH1, Isl1 and/or Lhx2 become incorporated in the telencephalon. The integration of TNG neurons into the telencephalon together with the earlier widespread apoptosis in the TNG might be an explanation why the TNG in mammals and birds is much smaller compared to other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Slekiene
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lena Gunhaga
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cedric Patthey
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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12
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Nam H, Jeon S, An H, Yoo J, Lee HJ, Lee SK, Lee S. Critical roles of ARHGAP36 as a signal transduction mediator of Shh pathway in lateral motor columnar specification. eLife 2019; 8:46683. [PMID: 31305241 PMCID: PMC6658197 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
During spinal cord development, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), secreted from the floor plate, plays an important role in the production of motor neurons by patterning the ventral neural tube, which establishes MN progenitor identity. It remains unknown, however, if Shh signaling plays a role in generating columnar diversity of MNs that connect distinct target muscles. Here, we report that Shh, expressed in MNs, is essential for the formation of lateral motor column (LMC) neurons in vertebrate spinal cord. This novel activity of Shh is mediated by its downstream effector ARHGAP36, whose expression is directly induced by the MN-specific transcription factor complex Isl1-Lhx3. Furthermore, we found that AKT stimulates the Shh activity to induce LMC MNs through the stabilization of ARHGAP36 proteins. Taken together, our data reveal that Shh, secreted from MNs, plays a crucial role in generating MN diversity via a regulatory axis of Shh-AKT-ARHGAP36 in the developing mouse spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Nam
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Neuroscience Section, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science Uiversity, Portland, United States
| | - Hyejin An
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gyungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Lee
- Neuroscience Section, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science Uiversity, Portland, United States.,Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Pan JP, Hu Y, Wang JH, Xin YR, Jiang JX, Chen KQ, Yang CY, Gao Q, Xiao F, Yan L, Luo HM. Methyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate Induces Neural Stem Cells to Differentiate Into Cholinergic Neurons in vitro. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:478. [PMID: 30581378 PMCID: PMC6292956 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been shown as a potential source for replacing degenerated neurons in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the therapeutic potential of these cells is limited by the lack of effective methodologies for controlling their differentiation. Inducing endogenous pools of NSCs by small molecule can be considered as a potential approach of generating the desired cell types in large numbers. Here, we reported the characterization of a small molecule (Methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate; MDHB) that selectively induces hippocampal NSCs to differentiate into cholinergic motor neurons which expressed synapsin 1 (SYN1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95). Studies on the mechanisms revealed that MDHB induced the hippocampal NSCs differentiation into cholinergic motor neurons by inhibiting AKT phosphorylation and activating autophosphorylation of GSK3β at tyrosine 216. Furthermore, we found that MDHB enhanced β-catenin degradation and abolished its entering into the nucleus. Collectively, this report provides the strong evidence that MDHB promotes NSCs differentiation into cholinergic motor neurons by enhancing gene Isl1 expression and inhibiting cell cycle progression. It may provide a basis for pharmacological effects of MDHB directed on NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Rong Xin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Xing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Qi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-You Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Min Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Brain Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Zhang J, Qiu J, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Li H, Zhang T, Jiang Y, Gou K, Cui S. LIM homeobox transcription factor Isl1 is required for melatonin synthesis in the pig pineal gland. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12481. [PMID: 29480946 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a key hormone that regulates circadian rhythms, metabolism, and reproduction. However, the mechanisms of melatonin synthesis and secretion have not been fully defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions of the LIM homeobox transcription factor Isl1 in regulating melatonin synthesis and secretion in porcine pineal gland. We found that Isl1 is highly expressed in the melatonin-producing cells in the porcine pineal gland. Further functional studies demonstrate that Isl1 knockdown in cultured primary porcine pinealocytes results in the decline of melatonin and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) mRNA levels by 29.2% and 72.2%, respectively, whereas Isl1 overexpression raised by 1.3-fold and 2.7-fold. In addition, the enhancing effect of norepinephrine (NE) on melatonin synthesis was abolished by Isl1 knockdown. The in vivo intracerebroventricular NE injections upregulate Isl1 mRNA and protein levels by about threefold and 4.5-fold in the porcine pineal gland. We then examined the changes in Isl1 expression in the pineal gland and global melatonin levels throughout the day. The results show that Isl1 protein level at 24:00 is 2.5-fold higher than that at 12:00, which is parallel to melatonin levels. We further found that Isl1 increases the activity of AANAT promoter, and the effect of NE on Isl1 expression was blocked by an ERK inhibitor. Collectively, the results presented here demonstrate that Isl1 positively modulates melatonin synthesis by targeting AANAT, via the ERK signaling pathway of NE. These suggest that Isl1 plays important roles in maintaining the daily circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingtao Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yewen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Taojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kemian Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Shao W, Szeto V, Song Z, Tian L, Feng ZP, Nostro MC, Jin T. The LIM homeodomain protein ISL1 mediates the function of TCF7L2 in pancreatic beta cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:1-12. [PMID: 29678908 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell Tcf7l2 deletion or its functional knockdown suggested the essential role of this Wnt pathway effector in controlling insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis and β-cell gene expression. As the LIM homeodomain protein ISL1 is a suggested Wnt pathway downstream target, we hypothesize that it mediates metabolic functions of TCF7L2. We aimed to determine the role of ISL1 in mediating the function of TCF7L2 and the incretin hormone GLP-1 in pancreatic β-cells. The effect of dominant negative TCF7L2 (TCF7L2DN) mediated Wnt pathway functional knockdown on Isl1 expression was determined in βTCFDN mouse islets and in the rat insulinoma cell line INS-1 832/13. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were utilized to determine whether Isl1 is a direct downstream target of Tcf7l2 TCF7L2DN adenovirus infection and siRNA-mediated Isl1 knockdown on β-cell gene expression were compared. Furthermore, Isl1 knockdown on GLP-1 stimulated β-catenin S675 phosphorylation and insulin secretion was determined. We found that TCF7L2DN repressed ISL1 levels in βTCFDN islets and the INS-1 832/13 cell line. Wnt stimulators enhanced Isl1 promoter activity and binding of TCF7L2 on Isl1 promoter. TCF7L2DN adenovirus infection and Isl1 knockdown generated similar repression on expression of β-cell genes, including the ones that encode GLUT2 and GLP-1 receptor. Either TCF7L2DN adenovirus infection or Isl1 knockdown attenuated GLP-1-stimulated β-catenin S675 phosphorylation in INS-1 832/13 cells or mouse islets and GLP-1 stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 or MIN6 cells. Our observations support the existence of TCF7L2-ISL1 transcriptional network, and we suggest that this network also mediates β-cell function of GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Shao
- Division of Advanced DiagnosticsToronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian Szeto
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lili Tian
- Division of Advanced DiagnosticsToronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Cristina Nostro
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Experimental TherapeuticsToronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianru Jin
- Division of Advanced DiagnosticsToronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes CenterUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Blixt MKE, Konjusha D, Ring H, Hallböök F. Zinc finger gene nolz1 regulates the formation of retinal progenitor cells and suppresses the Lim3/Lhx3 phenotype of retinal bipolar cells in chicken retina. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:630-641. [PMID: 29139167 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zinc-finger transcription factor Nolz1 regulates spinal cord neuron development by interacting with the transcription factors Isl1, Lim1, and Lim3, which are also important for photoreceptors, horizontal and bipolar cells during retinal development. We, therefore, studied Nolz1 during retinal development. RESULTS Nolz1 expression was seen in two waves during development: one early (peak at embryonic day 3-4.5) in retinal progenitors and one late (embryonic day 8) in newly differentiated cells in the inner nuclear layer. Overexpression and knockdown showed that Nolz1 decreases proliferation and stimulates cell cycle withdrawal in retinal progenitors with effects on the generation of retinal ganglion cells, photoreceptors, and horizontal cells without triggering apoptosis. Overexpression of Nolz1 gave more p27 positive cells. Sustained overexpression of Nolz1 in the retina gave fewer Lim3/Lhx3 bipolar cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Nolz1 has multiple functions during development and suggest a mechanism in which Nolz1 initially regulates the proliferation state of the retinal progenitor cells and then acts as a repressor that suppresses the Lim3/Lhx3 bipolar cell phenotype at the time of bipolar cell differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 247:630-641, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K E Blixt
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dardan Konjusha
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ring
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Finn Hallböök
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Tahara N, Akiyama R, Theisen JWM, Kawakami H, Wong J, Garry DJ, Kawakami Y. Gata6 restricts Isl1 to the posterior of nascent hindlimb buds through Isl1 cis-regulatory modules. Dev Biol 2017; 434:74-83. [PMID: 29197504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Isl1 is required for two processes during hindlimb development: initiation of the processes directing hindlimb development in the lateral plate mesoderm and configuring posterior hindlimb field in the nascent hindlimb buds. During these processes, Isl1 expression is restricted to the posterior mesenchyme of hindlimb buds. How this dynamic change in Isl1 expression is regulated remains unknown. We found that two evolutionarily conserved sequences, located 3' to the Isl1 gene, regulate LacZ transgene expression in the hindlimb-forming region in mouse embryos. Both sequences contain GATA binding motifs, and expression pattern analysis identified that Gata6 is expressed in the flank and the anterior portion of nascent hindlimb buds. Recent studies have shown that conditional inactivation of Gata6 in mice causes hindlimb-specific pre-axial polydactyly, indicating a role of Gata6 in anterior-posterior patterning of hindlimbs. We studied whether Gata6 restricts Isl1 in the nascent hindlimb bud through the cis-regulatory modules. In vitro experiments demonstrate that GATA6 binds to the conserved GATA motifs in the cis-regulatory modules. GATA6 repressed expression of a luciferase reporter that contains the cis-regulatory modules by synergizing with Zfpm2. Analyses of Gata6 mutant embryos showed that ISL1 levels are higher in the anterior of nascent hindlimb buds than in wild type. Moreover, we detected a greater number of Isl1-transcribing cells in the anterior of nascent hindlimb buds in Gata6 mutants. Our results support a model in which Gata6 contributes to repression of Isl1 expression in the anterior of nascent hindlimb buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Tahara
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ryutaro Akiyama
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joshua W M Theisen
- Lillehei Heart Institute Regenerative Medicine and Sciences Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hiroko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Julia Wong
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Lillehei Heart Institute Regenerative Medicine and Sciences Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Yasuhiko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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18
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Merchan-Sala P, Nardini D, Waclaw RR, Campbell K. Selective neuronal expression of the SoxE factor, Sox8, in direct pathway striatal projection neurons of the developing mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2805-2819. [PMID: 28472858 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The striatum is the major component of the basal ganglia and is well known to play a key role in the control of motor function via balanced output from the indirect (iSPNs) and direct pathway striatal projection neurons (dSPNs). Little is known, however, about the molecular genetic mechanisms that control the formation of the iSPNs versus dSPNs. We show here that the SoxE family member, Sox8, is co-expressed with the dSPN markers, Isl1 and Ebf1, in the developing striatum. Moreover, dSPNs, as marked by Isl1-cre fate map, express Sox8 in the embryonic striatum and Sox8-EGFP BAC transgenic mice specifically reveal the direct pathway axons during development. These EGFP+ axons are first observed to reach their midbrain target, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), at E14 in the mouse with a robust connection observed already at birth. The selective expression of EGFP in dSPNs of Sox8-EGFP BAC mice is maintained at postnatal timepoints. Sox8 is known to be expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) together with other SoxE factors and we show here that the EGFP signal co-localizes with the OPC markers throughout the brain. Finally, we show that Sox8-EGFP BAC mice can be used to interrogate the altered dSPN development in Isl1 conditional mutants including aberrant axonal projections detected already at embryonic timepoints. Thus, Sox8 represents an early and specific marker of embryonic dSPNs and the Sox8-EGFP BAC transgenic mice are an excellent tool to study the development of basal ganglia circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Merchan-Sala
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Diana Nardini
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ronald R Waclaw
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kenneth Campbell
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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19
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Erb M, Lee B, Yeon Seo S, Lee JW, Lee S, Lee SK. The Isl1-Lhx3 Complex Promotes Motor Neuron Specification by Activating Transcriptional Pathways that Enhance Its Own Expression and Formation. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO. [PMID: 28451636 DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0349-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron (MN) progenitor cells rapidly induce high expression of the transcription factors Islet-1 (Isl1), LIM-homeobox 3 (Lhx3), and the transcriptional regulator LMO4, as they differentiate. While these factors are critical for MN specification, the mechanisms regulating their precise temporal and spatial expression patterns are not well characterized. Isl1 and Lhx3 form the Isl1-Lhx3 complex, which induces the transcription of genes critical for MN specification and maturation. Here, we report that Isl1, Lhx3, and Lmo4 are direct target genes of the Isl1-Lhx3 complex. Our results show that specific genomic loci associated with these genes recruit the Isl1-Lhx3 complex to activate the transcription of Isl1, Lhx3, and Lmo4 in embryonic MNs of chick and mouse. These findings support a model in which the Isl1-Lhx3 complex amplifies its own expression through a potent autoregulatory feedback loop and simultaneously enhances the transcription of Lmo4. LMO4 blocks the formation of the V2 interneuron-specifying Lhx3 complex. In developing MNs, this action inhibits the expression of V2 interneuron genes and increases the pool of unbound Lhx3 available to incorporate into the Isl1-Lhx3 complex. Identifying the pathways that regulate the expression of these key factors provides important insights into the genetic strategies utilized to promote MN differentiation and maturation.
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20
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Pacheco-Leyva I, Matias AC, Oliveira DV, Santos JMA, Nascimento R, Guerreiro E, Michell AC, van De Vrugt AM, Machado-Oliveira G, Ferreira G, Domian I, Bragança J. CITED2 Cooperates with ISL1 and Promotes Cardiac Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:1037-1049. [PMID: 27818139 PMCID: PMC5161512 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator CITED2 is essential for heart development. Here, we investigated the role of CITED2 in the specification of cardiac cell fate from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC). The overexpression of CITED2 in undifferentiated ESC was sufficient to promote cardiac cell emergence upon differentiation. Conversely, the depletion of Cited2 at the onset of differentiation resulted in a decline of ESC ability to generate cardiac cells. Moreover, loss of Cited2 expression impairs the expression of early mesoderm markers and cardiogenic transcription factors (Isl1, Gata4, Tbx5). The cardiogenic defects in Cited2-depleted cells were rescued by treatment with recombinant CITED2 protein. We showed that Cited2 expression is enriched in cardiac progenitors either derived from ESC or mouse embryonic hearts. Finally, we demonstrated that CITED2 and ISL1 proteins interact physically and cooperate to promote ESC differentiation toward cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our results show that Cited2 plays a pivotal role in cardiac commitment of ESC. Overexpression of CITED2 in ESC promotes cardiogenesis upon differentiation Cited2 depletion reduces ESC ability to generate cardiac cells Cited2 expression is enriched in cardiac progenitors CITED2 and ISL1 cooperate to promote ESC differentiation toward cardiomyocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Pacheco-Leyva
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research - CBMR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Matias
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research - CBMR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Daniel V Oliveira
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research - CBMR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - João M A Santos
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research - CBMR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rita Nascimento
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research - CBMR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Guerreiro
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research - CBMR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Anna C Michell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Annebel M van De Vrugt
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charles River Plaza/CPZN 3200, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114-2790, USA; Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gisela Machado-Oliveira
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research - CBMR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Ferreira
- DSM Biotechnology Center, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ibrahim Domian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charles River Plaza/CPZN 3200, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114-2790, USA; Harvard Medical School, 250 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - José Bragança
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Centre for Biomedical Research - CBMR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, Building 8, Room 2.22, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; ABC - Algarve Biomedical Centre, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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21
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He Z, Grunewald M, Dor Y, Keshet E. VEGF regulates relative allocation of Isl1+ cardiac progenitors to myocardial and endocardial lineages. Mech Dev 2016; 142:40-49. [PMID: 27794491 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental issue in organogenesis is how dichotomous fate decisions are made securing proper allocation of multipotent progenitors to their respective descendants. Previous lineage tracing analyses showing Isl1+/VEGFR2+ cardiac progenitors in the second heart field give rise to both endocardium and myocardium suggest VEGF plays a role in this fate decision, conceivably promoting an endocardial fate. Isl1+ multipotent progenitors and lineage-committed descendants thereof were visualized and quantified within their transition zone in the outflow tract. Forced VEGF expression during the critical E8.5-E10.5 interval tilted the balance between myocardial- and endocardial-committed progenitors towards the latter, culminating in generation of surplus endocardium developing at the expense of a much thinner myocardium. Experiments ruled-out that surplus endocardium is due to VEGF-induced endocardial proliferation and that reduced myocardium is due to myocardial apoptosis. Inducing VEGF after most Isl1+ progenitors have been exhausted had no effect on the normal endocardia/myocardial ratio but instead produced an unrelated coronary phenotype. Together, these results uncover a novel role for VEGF in controlling proper allocation of Isl1+ cardiac progenitors to their respective descending lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Myriam Grunewald
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Eli Keshet
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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22
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Gueta K, David A, Cohen T, Menuchin-Lasowski Y, Nobel H, Narkis G, Li L, Love P, de Melo J, Blackshaw S, Westphal H, Ashery-Padan R. The stage-dependent roles of Ldb1 and functional redundancy with Ldb2 in mammalian retinogenesis. Development 2016; 143:4182-4192. [PMID: 27697904 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Lim domain-binding proteins are key co-factor proteins that assemble with LIM domains of the LMO/LIM-HD family to form functional complexes that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Using conditional mutagenesis and comparative phenotypic analysis, we analyze the function of Ldb1 and Ldb2 in mouse retinal development, and demonstrate overlapping and specific functions of both proteins. Ldb1 interacts with Lhx2 in the embryonic retina and both Ldb1 and Ldb2 play a key role in maintaining the pool of retinal progenitor cells. This is accomplished by controlling the expression of the Vsx2 and Rax, and components of the Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways. Furthermore, the Ldb1/Ldb2-mediated complex is essential for generation of early-born photoreceptors through the regulation of Rax and Crx. Finally, we demonstrate functional redundancy between Ldb1 and Ldb2. Ldb1 can fully compensate the loss of Ldb2 during all phases of retinal development, whereas Ldb2 alone is sufficient to sustain activity of Lhx2 in both early- and late-stage RPCs and in Müller glia. By contrast, loss of Ldb1 disrupts activity of the LIM domain factors in neuronal precursors. An intricate regulatory network exists that is mediated by Ldb1 and Ldb2, and promotes RPC proliferation and multipotency; it also controls specification of mammalian retina cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Gueta
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ahuvit David
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tsadok Cohen
- Mammalian Genes and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yotam Menuchin-Lasowski
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hila Nobel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ginat Narkis
- Mammalian Genes and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - LiQi Li
- Program on Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Love
- Program on Genomics of Differentiation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jimmy de Melo
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Heiner Westphal
- Mammalian Genes and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruth Ashery-Padan
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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23
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Lee B, Lee S, Lee SK, Lee JW. The LIM-homeobox transcription factor Isl1 plays crucial roles in the development of multiple arcuate nucleus neurons. Development 2016; 143:3763-3773. [PMID: 27578785 DOI: 10.1242/dev.133967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus relay and translate important cues from the periphery into the central nervous system. However, the gene regulatory program directing their development remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Isl1 is expressed in several subpopulations of developing arcuate neurons and plays crucial roles in their fate specification. Mice with conditional deletion of the Isl1 gene in developing hypothalamus display severe deficits in both feeding and linear growth. Consistent with these results, their arcuate nucleus fails to express key fate markers of Isl1-expressing neurons that regulate feeding and growth. These include the orexigenic neuropeptides AgRP and NPY for specifying AgRP-neurons, the anorexigenic neuropeptide αMSH for POMC-neurons, and two growth-stimulatory peptides, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) for GHRH-neurons and somatostatin (Sst) for Sst-neurons. Finally, we show that Isl1 directly enhances the expression of AgRP by cooperating with the key orexigenic transcription factors glucocorticoid receptor and brain-specific homeobox factor. Our results identify Isl1 as a crucial transcription factor that plays essential roles in the gene regulatory program directing development of multiple arcuate neuronal subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lee
- Neuroscience Section, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Lee
- Neuroscience Section, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jae W Lee
- Neuroscience Section, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA .,Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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24
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Feng J, Xian Q, Guan T, Hu J, Wang M, Huang Y, So KF, Evans SM, Chai G, Goffinet AM, Qu Y, Zhou L. Celsr3 and Fzd3 Organize a Pioneer Neuron Scaffold to Steer Growing Thalamocortical Axons. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:3323-34. [PMID: 27170656 PMCID: PMC4898681 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Celsr3 and Fzd3 regulate the development of reciprocal thalamocortical projections independently of their expression in cortical or thalamic neurons. To understand this cell non autonomous mechanism further, we tested whether Celsr3 and Fzd3 could act via Isl1-positive guidepost cells. Isl1-positive cells appear in the forebrain at embryonic day (E) 9.5-E10.5 and, from E12.5, they form 2 contingents in ventral telencephalon and prethalamus. In control mice, corticothalamic axons run in the ventral telencephalic corridor in close contact with Isl1-positive cells. When Celsr3 or Fzd3 is inactivated in Isl1-expressing cells, corticofugal fibers stall and loop in the ventral telencephalic corridor of high Isl1 expression, and thalamic axons fail to cross the diencephalon–telencephalon junction (DTJ). At E12.5, before thalamic and cortical axons emerge, pioneer projections from Isl1-positive cells cross the DTJ from both sides in control but not mutant embryos. These early projections appear to act like a bridge to guide later growing thalamic axons through the DTJ. Our data suggest that Celsr3 and Fzd3 orchestrate the formation of a scaffold of pioneer neurons and their axons. This scaffold extends from prethalamus to ventral telencephalon and subcortex, and steers reciprocal corticothalamic fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Quanxiang Xian
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Tingting Guan
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jing Hu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Meizhi Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Guoliang Chai
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels B1200, Belgium
| | - Andre M Goffinet
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels B1200, Belgium
| | - Yibo Qu
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory Guangdong key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Lee B, Lee S, Agulnick AD, Lee JW, Lee SK. Single-stranded DNA binding proteins are required for LIM complexes to induce transcriptionally active chromatin and specify spinal neuronal identities. Development 2016; 143:1721-31. [PMID: 26965372 DOI: 10.1242/dev.131284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
LIM homeodomain factors regulate the development of many cell types. However, transcriptional coactivators that mediate their developmental function remain poorly defined. To address these, we examined how two related NLI-dependent LIM complexes, which govern the development of spinal motor neurons and V2a interneurons, activate the transcription in the embryonic spinal cord. We found that single-stranded DNA-binding proteins are recruited to these LIM complexes via NLI, and enhance their transcriptional activation potential. Ssdp1 and Ssdp2 (Ssdp1/2) are highly expressed in the neural tube and promote motor neuron differentiation in the embryonic spinal cord and P19 stem cells. Inhibition of Ssdp1/2 activity in mouse and chick embryos suppresses the generation of motor neurons and V2a interneurons. Furthermore, Ssdp1/2 recruit histone-modifying enzymes to the motor neuron-specifying LIM complex and trigger acetylation and lysine 4 trimethylation of histone H3, which are well-established chromatin marks for active transcription. Our results suggest that Ssdp1/2 function as crucial transcriptional coactivators for LIM complexes to specify spinal neuronal identities during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Lee
- Neuroscience Section, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA Department of Cell, Developmental Biology and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jae W Lee
- Neuroscience Section, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA Department of Cell, Developmental Biology and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Soo-Kyung Lee
- Neuroscience Section, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA Department of Cell, Developmental Biology and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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26
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Dorn T, Goedel A, Lam JT, Haas J, Tian Q, Herrmann F, Bundschu K, Dobreva G, Schiemann M, Dirschinger R, Guo Y, Kühl SJ, Sinnecker D, Lipp P, Laugwitz KL, Kühl M, Moretti A. Direct nkx2-5 transcriptional repression of isl1 controls cardiomyocyte subtype identity. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1113-29. [PMID: 25524439 PMCID: PMC6750130 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During cardiogenesis, most myocytes arise from cardiac progenitors expressing the transcription factors Isl1 and Nkx2-5. Here, we show that a direct repression of Isl1 by Nkx2-5 is necessary for proper development of the ventricular myocardial lineage. Overexpression of Nkx2-5 in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) delayed specification of cardiac progenitors and inhibited expression of Isl1 and its downstream targets in Isl1(+) precursors. Embryos deficient for Nkx2-5 in the Isl1(+) lineage failed to downregulate Isl1 protein in cardiomyocytes of the heart tube. We demonstrated that Nkx2-5 directly binds to an Isl1 enhancer and represses Isl1 transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we showed that overexpression of Isl1 does not prevent cardiac differentiation of ESCs and in Xenopus laevis embryos. Instead, it leads to enhanced specification of cardiac progenitors, earlier cardiac differentiation, and increased cardiomyocyte number. Functional and molecular characterization of Isl1-overexpressing cardiomyocytes revealed higher beating frequencies in both ESC-derived contracting areas and Xenopus Isl1-gain-of-function hearts, which associated with upregulation of nodal-specific genes and downregulation of transcripts of working myocardium. Immunocytochemistry of cardiomyocyte lineage-specific markers demonstrated a reduction of ventricular cells and an increase of cells expressing the pacemaker channel Hcn4. Finally, optical action potential imaging of single cardiomyocytes combined with pharmacological approaches proved that Isl1 overexpression in ESCs resulted in normally electrophysiologically functional cells, highly enriched in the nodal subtype at the expense of the ventricular lineage. Our findings provide an Isl1/Nkx2-5-mediated mechanism that coordinately regulates the specification of cardiac progenitors toward the different myocardial lineages and ensures proper acquisition of myocyte subtype identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Dorn
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
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27
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Caputo L, Witzel HR, Kolovos P, Cheedipudi S, Looso M, Mylona A, van IJcken WFJ, Laugwitz KL, Evans SM, Braun T, Soler E, Grosveld F, Dobreva G. The Isl1/Ldb1 Complex Orchestrates Genome-wide Chromatin Organization to Instruct Differentiation of Multipotent Cardiac Progenitors. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 17:287-99. [PMID: 26321200 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac stem/progenitor cells hold great potential for regenerative therapies; however, the mechanisms regulating their expansion and differentiation remain insufficiently defined. Here we show that Ldb1 is a central regulator of genome organization in cardiac progenitor cells, which is crucial for cardiac lineage differentiation and heart development. We demonstrate that Ldb1 binds to the key regulator of cardiac progenitors, Isl1, and protects it from degradation. Furthermore, the Isl1/Ldb1 complex promotes long-range enhancer-promoter interactions at the loci of the core cardiac transcription factors Mef2c and Hand2. Chromosome conformation capture followed by sequencing identified specific Ldb1-mediated interactions of the Isl1/Ldb1 responsive Mef2c anterior heart field enhancer with genes that play key roles in cardiac progenitor cell function and cardiovascular development. Importantly, the expression of these genes was downregulated upon Ldb1 depletion and Isl1/Ldb1 haplodeficiency. In conclusion, the Isl1/Ldb1 complex orchestrates a network for heart-specific transcriptional regulation and coordination in three-dimensional space during cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Caputo
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hagen R Witzel
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Petros Kolovos
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sirisha Cheedipudi
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Athina Mylona
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; School of Human and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, Kent CT1 1QU, UK
| | | | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- I. Medical Department, Cardiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Department of Medicine, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Eric Soler
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Molecular Hematopoiesis, CEA/DSV/iRCM/LHM, INSERM UMR967, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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28
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Narematsu M, Kamimura T, Yamagishi T, Fukui M, Nakajima Y. Impaired development of left anterior heart field by ectopic retinoic acid causes transposition of the great arteries. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:jah3958. [PMID: 25929268 PMCID: PMC4599416 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.001889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Transposition of the great arteries is one of the most commonly diagnosed conotruncal heart defects at birth, but its etiology is largely unknown. The anterior heart field (AHF) that resides in the anterior pharyngeal arches contributes to conotruncal development, during which heart progenitors that originated from the left and right AHF migrate to form distinct conotruncal regions. The aim of this study is to identify abnormal AHF development that causes the morphology of transposition of the great arteries. Methods and Results We placed a retinoic acid–soaked bead on the left or the right or on both sides of the AHF of stage 12 to 14 chick embryos and examined the conotruncal heart defect at stage 34. Transposition of the great arteries was diagnosed at high incidence in embryos for which a retinoic acid–soaked bead had been placed in the left AHF at stage 12. Fluorescent dye tracing showed that AHF exposed to retinoic acid failed to contribute to conotruncus development. FGF8 and Isl1 expression were downregulated in retinoic acid–exposed AHF, and differentiation and expansion of cardiomyocytes were suppressed in cultured AHF in medium supplemented with retinoic acid. Conclusions The left AHF at the early looped heart stage, corresponding to Carnegie stages 10 to 11 (28 to 29 days after fertilization) in human embryos, is the region of the impediment that causes the morphology of transposition of the great arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Narematsu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan (M.N., T.K., T.Y., Y.N.)
| | - Tatsuya Kamimura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan (M.N., T.K., T.Y., Y.N.)
| | - Toshiyuki Yamagishi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan (M.N., T.K., T.Y., Y.N.)
| | - Mitsuru Fukui
- Laboratory of Statics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan (M.F.)
| | - Yuji Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan (M.N., T.K., T.Y., Y.N.)
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29
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Nasif S, de Souza FS, González LE, Yamashita M, Orquera DP, Low MJ, Rubinstein M. Islet 1 specifies the identity of hypothalamic melanocortin neurons and is critical for normal food intake and adiposity in adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1861-70. [PMID: 25825735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500672112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake and body weight regulation depend on proper expression of the proopiomelanocortin gene (Pomc) in a group of neurons located in the mediobasal hypothalamus of all vertebrates. These neurons release POMC-encoded melanocortins, which are potent anorexigenic neuropeptides, and their absence from mice or humans leads to hyperphagia and severe obesity. Although the pathophysiology of hypothalamic POMC neurons is well understood, the genetic program that establishes the neuronal melanocortinergic phenotype and maintains a fully functional neuronal POMC phenotype throughout adulthood remains unknown. Here, we report that the early expression of the LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Islet 1 (ISL1) in the developing hypothalamus promotes the terminal differentiation of melanocortinergic neurons and is essential for hypothalamic Pomc expression since its initial onset and throughout the entire lifetime. We detected ISL1 in the prospective hypothalamus just before the onset of Pomc expression and, from then on, Pomc and Isl1 coexpress. ISL1 binds in vitro and in vivo to critical homeodomain binding DNA motifs present in the neuronal Pomc enhancers nPE1 and nPE2, and mutations of these sites completely disrupt the ability of these enhancers to drive reporter gene expression to hypothalamic POMC neurons in transgenic mice and zebrafish. ISL1 is necessary for hypothalamic Pomc expression during mouse and zebrafish embryogenesis. Furthermore, conditional Isl1 inactivation from POMC neurons impairs Pomc expression, leading to hyperphagia and obesity. Our results demonstrate that ISL1 specifies the identity of hypothalamic melanocortin neurons and is required for melanocortin-induced satiety and normal adiposity throughout the entire lifespan.
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30
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Akiyama R, Kawakami H, Taketo MM, Evans SM, Wada N, Petryk A, Kawakami Y. Distinct populations within Isl1 lineages contribute to appendicular and facial skeletogenesis through the β-catenin pathway. Dev Biol 2014; 387:37-48. [PMID: 24424161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Isl1 expression marks progenitor populations in developing embryos. In this study, we investigated the contribution of Isl1-expressing cells that utilize the β-catenin pathway to skeletal development. Inactivation of β-catenin in Isl1-expressing cells caused agenesis of the hindlimb skeleton and absence of the lower jaw (agnathia). In the hindlimb, Isl1-lineages broadly contributed to the mesenchyme; however, deletion of β-catenin in the Isl1-lineage caused cell death only in a discrete posterior domain of nascent hindlimb bud mesenchyme. We found that the loss of posterior mesenchyme, which gives rise to Shh-expressing posterior organizer tissue, caused loss of posterior gene expression and failure to expand chondrogenic precursor cells, leading to severe truncation of the hindlimb. In facial tissues, Isl1-expressing cells broadly contributed to facial epithelium. We found reduced nuclear β-catenin accumulation and loss of Fgf8 expression in mandibular epithelium of Isl1(-/-) embryos. Inactivating β-catenin in Isl1-expressing epithelium caused both loss of epithelial Fgf8 expression and death of mesenchymal cells in the mandibular arch without affecting epithelial proliferation and survival. These results suggest a Isl1→β-catenin→Fgf8 pathway that regulates mesenchymal survival and development of the lower jaw in the mandibular epithelium. By contrast, activating β-catenin signaling in Isl1-lineages caused activation of Fgf8 broadly in facial epithelium. Our results provide evidence that, despite its broad contribution to hindlimb mesenchyme and facial epithelium, the Isl1-β-catenin pathway regulates skeletal development of the hindlimb and lower jaw through discrete populations of cells that give rise to Shh-expressing posterior hindlimb mesenchyme and Fgf8-expressing mandibular epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Akiyama
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, 2001 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hiroko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, 2001 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - M Mark Taketo
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8051, Japan
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Naoyuki Wada
- Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Anna Petryk
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Kawakami
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, 2001 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Developmental Biology Center, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Zhuang S, Zhang Q, Zhuang T, Evans SM, Liang X, Sun Y. Expression of Isl1 during mouse development. Gene Expr Patterns 2013; 13:407-12. [PMID: 23906961 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Isl1 plays essential roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival during embryogenesis. To better visualize Isl1 expression and provide insight into the role of Isl1 during development, we generated an Isl1 nuclear LacZ (nLacZ) knockin mouse line. We have analyzed Isl1nlacZ expression during development by Xgal staining, and compared expression of Isl1nlacZ with endogenous Isl1 by coimmunostaining with antibodies to Isl1 and β-galactosidase. Results demonstrated that during development, Isl1 nLacZ is expressed in a pattern that recapitulates endogenous Isl1 protein expression. Consistent with previous in situ and immunohistochemistry data, we observed Isl1nlacZ expression in multiple tissues and cell types, including the central and peripheral nervous system, neural retina, inner ear, pharyngeal mesoderm and endoderm and their derivatives (craniofacial structures, thymus, thyroid gland and trachea), cardiovascular system (cardiac outflow tract, carotid arteries, umbilical vessels, sinoatrial node and atrial septum), gastrointestinal system (oral epithelium, stomach, pancreas, mesentery) and hindlimb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia, Ministry of Education, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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Lee S, Shen R, Cho HH, Kwon RJ, Seo SY, Lee JW, Lee SK. STAT3 promotes motor neuron differentiation by collaborating with motor neuron-specific LIM complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:11445-50. [PMID: 23798382 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1302676110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The motor neuron (MN)-hexamer complex consisting of LIM homeobox 3, Islet-1, and nuclear LIM interactor is a key determinant of motor neuron specification and differentiation. To gain insights into the transcriptional network in motor neuron development, we performed a genome-wide ChIP-sequencing analysis and found that the MN-hexamer directly regulates a wide array of motor neuron genes by binding to the HxRE (hexamer response element) shared among the target genes. Interestingly, STAT3-binding motif is highly enriched in the MN-hexamer-bound peaks in addition to the HxRE. We also found that a transcriptionally active form of STAT3 is expressed in embryonic motor neurons and that STAT3 associates with the MN-hexamer, enhancing the transcriptional activity of the MN-hexamer in an upstream signal-dependent manner. Correspondingly, STAT3 was needed for motor neuron differentiation in the developing spinal cord. Together, our studies uncover crucial gene regulatory mechanisms that couple MN-hexamer and STAT-activating extracellular signals to promote motor neuron differentiation in vertebrate spinal cord.
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Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies hold promise for regenerating the myocardium after injury. Recent data obtained from phase I clinical trials using endogenous cardiovascular progenitors isolated directly from the heart suggest that cell-based treatment for heart patients using stem cells that reside in the heart provides significant functional benefit and an improvement in patient outcome. Methods to achieve improved engraftment and regeneration may extend this therapeutic benefit. Endogenous cardiovascular progenitors have been tested extensively in small animals to identify cells that improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. However, the relative lack of large animal models impedes translation into clinical practice. This review will exclusively focus on the latest research pertaining to humans and large animals, including both endogenous and induced sources of cardiovascular progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Fuentes
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mary Kearns-Jonker
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Harrelson Z, Kaestner KH, Evans SM. Foxa2 mediates critical functions of prechordal plate in patterning and morphogenesis and is cell autonomously required for early ventral endoderm morphogenesis. Biol Open 2012; 1:173-81. [PMID: 23213408 PMCID: PMC3507292 DOI: 10.1242/bio.2012040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Axial mesendoderm is comprised of prechordal plate and notochord. Lack of a suitable Cre driver has hampered the ability to genetically dissect the requirement for each of these components, or genes expressed within them, to anterior patterning. Here, we have utilized Isl1-Cre to investigate roles of the winged helix transcription factor Foxa2 specifically in prechordal plate and ventral endoderm. Foxa2loxP/loxP; Isl1-Cre mutants died at 13.5 dpc, exhibiting aberrations in anterior neural tube and forebrain patterning, and in ventral foregut morphogenesis and cardiac fusion. Molecular analysis of Foxa2loxP/loxP; Isl1-Cre mutants indicated that Foxa2 is required in Isl1 lineages for expression of notochord and dorsal foregut endoderm markers, Shh. Brachyury, and Hlxb9. Our results support a requirement for Foxa2 in prechordal plate for notochord morphogenesis, axial patterning, and patterning of dorsal foregut endoderm. Loss of Foxa2 in ventral endoderm resulted in reduced expression of Sox17, Gata4, and ZO proteins, accounting at least in part for observed lack of foregut fusion, cardia bifida, and increased apoptosis of ventral endoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Harrelson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive MC0613C, La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA
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