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Dort J, Orfi Z, Fabre P, Molina T, Conte TC, Greffard K, Pellerito O, Bilodeau JF, Dumont NA. Resolvin-D2 targets myogenic cells and improves muscle regeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6264. [PMID: 34716330 PMCID: PMC8556273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of dystrophin causes muscle degeneration, which is exacerbated by chronic inflammation and reduced regenerative capacity of muscle stem cells in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). To date, glucocorticoids remain the gold standard for the treatment of DMD. These drugs are able to slow down the progression of the disease and increase lifespan by dampening the chronic and excessive inflammatory process; however, they also have numerous harmful side effects that hamper their therapeutic potential. Here, we investigated Resolvin-D2 as a new therapeutic alternative having the potential to target multiple key features contributing to the disease progression. Our in vitro findings showed that Resolvin-D2 promotes the switch of macrophages toward their anti-inflammatory phenotype and increases their secretion of pro-myogenic factors. Moreover, Resolvin-D2 directly targets myogenic cells and promotes their differentiation and the expansion of the pool of myogenic progenitor cells leading to increased myogenesis. These effects are ablated when the receptor Gpr18 is knocked-out, knocked-down, or blocked by the pharmacological antagonist O-1918. Using different mouse models of DMD, we showed that Resolvin-D2 targets both inflammation and myogenesis leading to enhanced muscle function compared to glucocorticoids. Overall, this preclinical study has identified a new therapeutic approach that is more potent than the gold-standard treatment for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junio Dort
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zakaria Orfi
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of pharmacology and physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Fabre
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of pharmacology and physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Molina
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of pharmacology and physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Talita C Conte
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of pharmacology and physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karine Greffard
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Quebec city, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jean-François Bilodeau
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University Research Center, Quebec city, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec city, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas A Dumont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- School of rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Tian S, Fu L, Zhang J, Xu J, Yuan L, Qin J, Zhang W. Identification of a DNA Methylation-Driven Genes-Based Prognostic Model and Drug Targets in Breast Cancer: In silico Screening of Therapeutic Compounds and in vitro Characterization. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761326. [PMID: 34745136 PMCID: PMC8567755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a vital epigenetic change that regulates gene transcription and helps to keep the genome stable. The deregulation hallmark of human cancer is often defined by aberrant DNA methylation which is critical for tumor formation and controls the expression of several tumor-associated genes. In various cancers, methylation changes such as tumor suppressor gene hypermethylation and oncogene hypomethylation are critical in tumor occurrences, especially in breast cancer. Detecting DNA methylation-driven genes and understanding the molecular features of such genes could thus help to enhance our understanding of pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of breast cancer, facilitating the development of precision medicine and drug discovery. In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed over one thousand breast cancer patients and established a robust prognostic signature based on DNA methylation-driven genes. Then, we calculated immune cells abundance in each patient and lower immune activity existed in high-risk patients. The expression of leukocyte antigen (HLA) family genes and immune checkpoints genes were consistent with the above results. In addition, more mutated genes were observed in the high-risk group. Furthermore, a in silico screening of druggable targets and compounds from CTRP and PRISM databases was performed, resulting in the identification of five target genes (HMMR, CCNB1, CDC25C, AURKA, and CENPE) and five agents (oligomycin A, panobinostat, (+)-JQ1, voxtalisib, and arcyriaflavin A), which might have therapeutic potential in treating high-risk breast cancer patients. Further in vitro evaluation confirmed that (+)-JQ1 had the best cancer cell selectivity and exerted its anti-breast cancer activity through CENPE. In conclusion, our study provided new insights into personalized prognostication and may inspire the integration of risk stratification and precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Rehabilitation Center of Joint Logistics Support Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangjiang Qin
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center of Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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53
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Control of satellite cell function in muscle regeneration and its disruption in ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 23:204-226. [PMID: 34663964 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contains a designated population of adult stem cells, called satellite cells, which are generally quiescent. In homeostasis, satellite cells proliferate only sporadically and usually by asymmetric cell division to replace myofibres damaged by daily activity and maintain the stem cell pool. However, satellite cells can also be robustly activated upon tissue injury, after which they undergo symmetric divisions to generate new stem cells and numerous proliferating myoblasts that later differentiate to muscle cells (myocytes) to rebuild the muscle fibre, thereby supporting skeletal muscle regeneration. Recent discoveries show that satellite cells have a great degree of population heterogeneity, and that their cell fate choices during the regeneration process are dictated by both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Extrinsic cues come largely from communication with the numerous distinct stromal cell types in their niche, creating a dynamically interactive microenvironment. This Review discusses the role and regulation of satellite cells in skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration. In particular, we highlight the cell-intrinsic control of quiescence versus activation, the importance of satellite cell-niche communication, and deregulation of these mechanisms associated with ageing. The increasing understanding of how satellite cells are regulated will help to advance muscle regeneration and rejuvenation therapies.
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Salvadori L, Chiappalupi S, Arato I, Mancuso F, Calvitti M, Marchetti MC, Riuzzi F, Calafiore R, Luca G, Sorci G. Sertoli Cells Improve Myogenic Differentiation, Reduce Fibrogenic Markers, and Induce Utrophin Expression in Human DMD Myoblasts. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1504. [PMID: 34680138 PMCID: PMC8533898 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in DMD gene translating in lack of functional dystrophin and resulting in susceptibility of myofibers to rupture during contraction. Inflammation and fibrosis are critical hallmarks of DMD muscles, which undergo progressive degeneration leading to loss of independent ambulation in childhood and death by early adulthood. We reported that intraperitoneal injection of microencapsulated Sertoli cells (SeC) in dystrophic mice translates into recovery of muscle morphology and performance thanks to anti-inflammatory effects and induction of the dystrophin paralogue, utrophin at the muscle level, opening new avenues in the treatment of DMD. The aim of this study is to obtain information about the direct effects of SeC on myoblasts/myotubes, as a necessary step in view of a translational application of SeC-based approaches to DMD. We show that (i) SeC-derived factors stimulate cell proliferation in the early phase of differentiation in C2C12, and human healthy and DMD myoblasts; (ii) SeC delay the expression of differentiation markers in the early phase nevertheless stimulating terminal differentiation in DMD myoblasts; (iii) SeC restrain the fibrogenic potential of fibroblasts, and inhibit myoblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation; and, (iv) SeC provide functional replacement of dystrophin in preformed DMD myotubes regardless of the mutation by inducing heregulin β1/ErbB2/ERK1/2-dependent utrophin expression. Altogether, these results show that SeC are endowed with promyogenic and antifibrotic effects on dystrophic myoblasts, further supporting their potential use in the treatment of DMD patients. Our data also suggest that SeC-based approaches might be useful in improving the early phase of muscle regeneration, during which myoblasts have to adequately proliferate to replace the damaged muscle mass.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Transdifferentiation/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/metabolism
- Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/pathology
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Myoblasts/metabolism
- Neuregulin-1/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Regeneration/genetics
- Sertoli Cells/metabolism
- Sertoli Cells/pathology
- Utrophin/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Salvadori
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (F.R.)
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (CIB), 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Iva Arato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Francesca Mancuso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Mario Calvitti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Marchetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (CIB), 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calafiore
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
- Centro Biotecnologico Internazionale di Ricerca Traslazionale ad Indirizzo Endocrino, Metabolico ed Embrio-Riproduttivo (CIRTEMER), 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
- Centro Biotecnologico Internazionale di Ricerca Traslazionale ad Indirizzo Endocrino, Metabolico ed Embrio-Riproduttivo (CIRTEMER), 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale (CURGeF), 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (F.R.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (I.A.); (F.M.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.); (R.C.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie (CIB), 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Centro Biotecnologico Internazionale di Ricerca Traslazionale ad Indirizzo Endocrino, Metabolico ed Embrio-Riproduttivo (CIRTEMER), 06132 Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale (CURGeF), 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Singh B, Bogatcheva G, Krystofiak E, McKinley ET, Hill S, Rose KL, Higginbotham JN, Coffey RJ. Induction of apically mistrafficked epiregulin disrupts epithelial polarity via aberrant EGFR signaling. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271860. [PMID: 34406412 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In polarized MDCK cells, disruption of the tyrosine-based YXXΦ basolateral trafficking motif (Y156A) in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand epiregulin (EREG), results in its apical mistrafficking and transformation in vivo. However, the mechanisms underlying these dramatic effects are unknown. Using a doxycycline-inducible system in 3D Matrigel cultures, we now show that induction of Y156A EREG in fully formed MDCK cysts results in direct and complete delivery of mutant EREG to the apical cell surface. Within 3 days of induction, ectopic lumens were detected in mutant, but not wild-type, EREG-expressing cysts. Of note, these structures resembled histological features found in subcutaneous xenografts of mutant EREG-expressing MDCK cells. These ectopic lumens formed de novo rather than budding from the central lumen and depended on metalloprotease-mediated cleavage of EREG and subsequent EGFR activity. Moreover, the most frequent EREG mutation in human cancer (R147stop) resulted in its apical mistrafficking in engineered MDCK cells. Thus, induction of EREG apical mistrafficking is sufficient to disrupt selective aspects of polarity of a preformed polarized epithelium. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuminder Singh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Epithelial Biology Center , Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Galina Bogatcheva
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Cell Imaging Shared Resource, Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eliot T McKinley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Epithelial Biology Center , Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Salisha Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - James N Higginbotham
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Epithelial Biology Center , Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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HER Tyrosine Kinase Family and Rhabdomyosarcoma: Role in Onset and Targeted Therapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071808. [PMID: 34359977 PMCID: PMC8305095 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are tumors of the skeletal muscle lineage. Two main features allow for distinction between subtypes: morphology and presence/absence of a translocation between the PAX3 (or PAX7) and FOXO1 genes. The two main subtypes are fusion-positive alveolar RMS (ARMS) and fusion-negative embryonal RMS (ERMS). This review will focus on the role of receptor tyrosine kinases of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family that is comprised EGFR itself, HER2, HER3 and HER4 in RMS onset and the potential therapeutic targeting of receptor tyrosine kinases. EGFR is highly expressed by ERMS tumors and cell lines, in some cases contributing to tumor growth. If not mutated, HER2 is not directly involved in control of RMS cell growth but can be expressed at significant levels. A minority of ERMS carries a HER2 mutation with driving activity on tumor growth. HER3 is frequently overexpressed by RMS and can play a role in the residual myogenic differentiation ability and in resistance to signaling-directed therapy. HER family members could be exploited for therapeutic approaches in two ways: blocking the HER member (playing a driving role for tumor growth with antibodies or inhibitors) and targeting expressed HER members to vehiculate toxins or immune effectors.
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Pintus SS, Akberdin IR, Yevshin I, Makhnovskii P, Tyapkina O, Nigmetzyanov I, Nurullin L, Devyatiyarov R, Shagimardanova E, Popov D, Kolpakov FA, Gusev O, Gazizova GR. Genome-Wide Atlas of Promoter Expression Reveals Contribution of Transcribed Regulatory Elements to Genetic Control of Disuse-Mediated Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060557. [PMID: 34203013 PMCID: PMC8235325 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The genetic process underlying the control of skeletal muscle homeostasis is a key factor in methods that develop technologies to prevent age and immobility-driven atrophy. In the current paper, using advanced methods for the whole-genome profiling of transcription starting sites in fast and slow muscle in rats, we developed an integrative database of transcribed regulatory elements. Employing methods of comparative transcriptomics, we demonstrate that cis-regulatory elements are actively involved in the control of atrophy and recovery, and that the differential use of promoters and enhancers is the one of the key mechanisms that distinguishes between specific processes in slow and fast skeletal muscles. Abstract The prevention of muscle atrophy carries with it clinical significance for the control of increased morbidity and mortality following physical inactivity. While major transcriptional events associated with muscle atrophy-recovery processes are the subject of active research on the gene level, the contribution of non-coding regulatory elements and alternative promoter usage is a major source for both the production of alternative protein products and new insights into the activity of transcription factors. We used the cap-analysis of gene expression (CAGE) to create a genome-wide atlas of promoter-level transcription in fast (m. EDL) and slow (m. soleus) muscles in rats that were subjected to hindlimb unloading and subsequent recovery. We found that the genetic regulation of the atrophy-recovery cycle in two types of muscle is mediated by different pathways, including a unique set of non-coding transcribed regulatory elements. We showed that the activation of “shadow” enhancers is tightly linked to specific stages of atrophy and recovery dynamics, with the largest number of specific regulatory elements being transcriptionally active in the muscles on the first day of recovery after a week of disuse. The developed comprehensive database of transcription of regulatory elements will further stimulate research on the gene regulation of muscle homeostasis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S. Pintus
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- BIOSOFT.RU LLC, 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.P.); (I.R.A.); (I.Y.)
| | - Ilya R. Akberdin
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- BIOSOFT.RU LLC, 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.P.); (I.R.A.); (I.Y.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan Yevshin
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- BIOSOFT.RU LLC, 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.P.); (I.R.A.); (I.Y.)
| | - Pavel Makhnovskii
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123007, Russia; (P.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Oksana Tyapkina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420007 Kazan, Russia; (O.T.); (L.N.)
- Department of Biology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Islam Nigmetzyanov
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420009 Kazan, Russia; (I.N.); (R.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Leniz Nurullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420007 Kazan, Russia; (O.T.); (L.N.)
- Department of Biology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ruslan Devyatiyarov
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420009 Kazan, Russia; (I.N.); (R.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420009 Kazan, Russia; (I.N.); (R.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Daniil Popov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123007, Russia; (P.M.); (D.P.)
| | - Fedor A. Kolpakov
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- BIOSOFT.RU LLC, 630058 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.P.); (I.R.A.); (I.Y.)
- Correspondence: or (F.A.K.); (O.G.); (G.R.G.)
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420009 Kazan, Russia; (I.N.); (R.D.); (E.S.)
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Functional Transcriptomics for Medical Genetic Diagnostics, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: or (F.A.K.); (O.G.); (G.R.G.)
| | - Guzel R. Gazizova
- Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420009 Kazan, Russia; (I.N.); (R.D.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: or (F.A.K.); (O.G.); (G.R.G.)
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Amor F, Vu Hong A, Corre G, Sanson M, Suel L, Blaie S, Servais L, Voit T, Richard I, Israeli D. Cholesterol metabolism is a potential therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:677-693. [PMID: 34037326 PMCID: PMC8200436 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle disease detected in approximately 1:5000 male births. DMD is caused by mutations in the DMD gene, encoding a critical protein that links the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix in skeletal and cardiac muscles. The primary consequence of the disrupted link between the extracellular matrix and the myofibre actin cytoskeleton is thought to involve sarcolemma destabilization, perturbation of Ca2+ homeostasis, activation of proteases, mitochondrial damage, and tissue degeneration. A recently emphasized secondary aspect of the dystrophic process is a progressive metabolic change of the dystrophic tissue; however, the mechanism and nature of the metabolic dysregulation are yet poorly understood. In this study, we characterized a molecular mechanism of metabolic perturbation in DMD. METHODS We sequenced plasma miRNA in a DMD cohort, comprising 54 DMD patients treated or not by glucocorticoid, compared with 27 healthy controls, in three groups of the ages of 4-8, 8-12, and 12-20 years. We developed an original approach for the biological interpretation of miRNA dysregulation and produced a novel hypothesis concerning metabolic perturbation in DMD. We used the mdx mouse model for DMD for the investigation of this hypothesis. RESULTS We identified 96 dysregulated miRNAs (adjusted P-value <0.1), of which 74 were up-regulated and 22 were down-regulated in DMD. We confirmed the dysregulation in DMD of Dystro-miRs, Cardio-miRs, and a large number of the DLK1-DIO3 miRNAs. We also identified numerous dysregulated miRNAs yet unreported in DMD. Bioinformatics analysis of both target and host genes for dysregulated miRNAs predicted that lipid metabolism might be a critical metabolic perturbation in DMD. Investigation of skeletal muscles of the mdx mouse uncovered dysregulation of transcription factors of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism (SREBP-1 and SREBP-2), perturbation of the mevalonate pathway, and the accumulation of cholesterol in the dystrophic muscles. Elevated cholesterol level was also found in muscle biopsies of DMD patients. Treatment of mdx mice with Simvastatin, a cholesterol-reducing agent, normalized these perturbations and partially restored the dystrophic parameters. CONCLUSIONS This investigation supports that cholesterol metabolism and the mevalonate pathway are potential therapeutic targets in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Amor
- GénéthonEvryFrance
- Université Paris‐Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951EvryFrance
| | - Ai Vu Hong
- GénéthonEvryFrance
- Université Paris‐Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951EvryFrance
| | - Guillaume Corre
- GénéthonEvryFrance
- Université Paris‐Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951EvryFrance
| | - Mathilde Sanson
- GénéthonEvryFrance
- Université Paris‐Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951EvryFrance
| | - Laurence Suel
- GénéthonEvryFrance
- Université Paris‐Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951EvryFrance
| | | | - Laurent Servais
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, UK & Division of Child Neurology, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Department of PaediatricsUniversity Hospital of Liège & University of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Thomas Voit
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Isabelle Richard
- GénéthonEvryFrance
- Université Paris‐Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951EvryFrance
| | - David Israeli
- GénéthonEvryFrance
- Université Paris‐Saclay, Univ Evry, Inserm, Genethon, Integrare research unit UMR_S951EvryFrance
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59
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Jelinkova S, Sleiman Y, Fojtík P, Aimond F, Finan A, Hugon G, Scheuermann V, Beckerová D, Cazorla O, Vincenti M, Amedro P, Richard S, Jaros J, Dvorak P, Lacampagne A, Carnac G, Rotrekl V, Meli AC. Dystrophin Deficiency Causes Progressive Depletion of Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells in the Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095025. [PMID: 34068508 PMCID: PMC8125982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating condition shortening the lifespan of young men. DMD patients suffer from age-related dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) that leads to heart failure. Several molecular mechanisms leading to cardiomyocyte death in DMD have been described. However, the pathological progression of DMD-associated DCM remains unclear. In skeletal muscle, a dramatic decrease in stem cells, so-called satellite cells, has been shown in DMD patients. Whether similar dysfunction occurs with cardiac muscle cardiovascular progenitor cells (CVPCs) in DMD remains to be explored. We hypothesized that the number of CVPCs decreases in the dystrophin-deficient heart with age and disease state, contributing to DCM progression. We used the dystrophin-deficient mouse model (mdx) to investigate age-dependent CVPC properties. Using quantitative PCR, flow cytometry, speckle tracking echocardiography, and immunofluorescence, we revealed that young mdx mice exhibit elevated CVPCs. We observed a rapid age-related CVPC depletion, coinciding with the progressive onset of cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, mdx CVPCs displayed increased DNA damage, suggesting impaired cardiac muscle homeostasis. Overall, our results identify the early recruitment of CVPCs in dystrophic hearts and their fast depletion with ageing. This latter depletion may participate in the fibrosis development and the acceleration onset of the cardiomyopathy.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/pathology
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiovascular System/metabolism
- Cardiovascular System/pathology
- DNA Damage/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dystrophin/deficiency
- Dystrophin/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.F.); (D.B.); (P.D.)
- ICRC, St Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Yvonne Sleiman
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Petr Fojtík
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.F.); (D.B.); (P.D.)
- ICRC, St Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Franck Aimond
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Amanda Finan
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Gerald Hugon
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Valerie Scheuermann
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Deborah Beckerová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.F.); (D.B.); (P.D.)
- ICRC, St Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Marie Vincenti
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
- Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Center, CHU Montpellier, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Amedro
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
- Pediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional Reference CHD Center, CHU Montpellier, 371 Avenue du Doyen Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Richard
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Josef Jaros
- ICRC, St Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A1, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvorak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.F.); (D.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Gilles Carnac
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Vladimir Rotrekl
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (S.J.); (P.F.); (D.B.); (P.D.)
- ICRC, St Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (A.C.M.); Tel.: +420-549-498-002 (V.R.); +33-4-67-41-52-44 (A.C.M.); Fax: +420-549-491-327 (V.R.); +33-4-67-41-52-42 (A.C.M.)
| | - Albano C. Meli
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295 Montpellier, France; (Y.S.); (F.A.); (A.F.); (G.H.); (V.S.); (O.C.); (M.V.); (P.A.); (S.R.); (A.L.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (A.C.M.); Tel.: +420-549-498-002 (V.R.); +33-4-67-41-52-44 (A.C.M.); Fax: +420-549-491-327 (V.R.); +33-4-67-41-52-42 (A.C.M.)
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60
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Starosta A, Konieczny P. Therapeutic aspects of cell signaling and communication in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4867-4891. [PMID: 33825942 PMCID: PMC8233280 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating chromosome X-linked disease that manifests predominantly in progressive skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunctions in the heart and diaphragm. Approximately 1/5000 boys and 1/50,000,000 girls suffer from DMD, and to date, the disease is incurable and leads to premature death. This phenotypic severity is due to mutations in the DMD gene, which result in the absence of functional dystrophin protein. Initially, dystrophin was thought to be a force transducer; however, it is now considered an essential component of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), viewed as a multicomponent mechanical scaffold and a signal transduction hub. Modulating signal pathway activation or gene expression through epigenetic modifications has emerged at the forefront of therapeutic approaches as either an adjunct or stand-alone strategy. In this review, we propose a broader perspective by considering DMD to be a disease that affects myofibers and muscle stem (satellite) cells, as well as a disorder in which abrogated communication between different cell types occurs. We believe that by taking this systemic view, we can achieve safe and holistic treatments that can restore correct signal transmission and gene expression in diseased DMD tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Starosta
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Patryk Konieczny
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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61
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Khodabukus A. Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Models to Study Muscle Function, Plasticity, and Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:619710. [PMID: 33716768 PMCID: PMC7952620 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.619710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses remarkable plasticity that permits functional adaptations to a wide range of signals such as motor input, exercise, and disease. Small animal models have been pivotal in elucidating the molecular mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle adaptation and plasticity. However, these small animal models fail to accurately model human muscle disease resulting in poor clinical success of therapies. Here, we review the potential of in vitro three-dimensional tissue-engineered skeletal muscle models to study muscle function, plasticity, and disease. First, we discuss the generation and function of in vitro skeletal muscle models. We then discuss the genetic, neural, and hormonal factors regulating skeletal muscle fiber-type in vivo and the ability of current in vitro models to study muscle fiber-type regulation. We also evaluate the potential of these systems to be utilized in a patient-specific manner to accurately model and gain novel insights into diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and volumetric muscle loss. We conclude with a discussion on future developments required for tissue-engineered skeletal muscle models to become more mature, biomimetic, and widely utilized for studying muscle physiology, disease, and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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62
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Ancel S, Stuelsatz P, Feige JN. Muscle Stem Cell Quiescence: Controlling Stemness by Staying Asleep. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:556-568. [PMID: 33674167 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are tissue-resident stem cells required for growth and repair of skeletal muscle, that are otherwise maintained in a cell-cycle-arrested state called quiescence. While quiescence was originally believed to be a state of cellular inactivity, increasing evidence suggests that quiescence is dynamically regulated and contributes to stemness, the long-term capacity to maintain regenerative functions. Here, we review the current understanding of MuSC quiescence and highlight recently discovered molecular markers, which differentiate depth of quiescence and influence self-renewal capacity. We also discuss how quiescent MuSCs integrate paracrine factors from their niche and dynamically regulate cell signaling, metabolism and proteostasis as they anticipate physiological needs, and how perturbing these cues during aging impairs muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ancel
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Stuelsatz
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome N Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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63
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Mournetas V, Massouridès E, Dupont JB, Kornobis E, Polvèche H, Jarrige M, Dorval ARL, Gosselin MRF, Manousopoulou A, Garbis SD, Górecki DC, Pinset C. Myogenesis modelled by human pluripotent stem cells: a multi-omic study of Duchenne myopathy early onset. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:209-232. [PMID: 33586340 PMCID: PMC7890274 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) causes severe disability of children and death of young men, with an incidence of approximately 1/5000 male births. Symptoms appear in early childhood, with a diagnosis made mostly around 4 years old, a time where the amount of muscle damage is already significant, preventing early therapeutic interventions that could be more efficient at halting disease progression. In the meantime, the precise moment at which disease phenotypes arise-even asymptomatically-is still unknown. Thus, there is a critical need to better define DMD onset as well as its first manifestations, which could help identify early disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. METHODS We have used both human tissue-derived myoblasts and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from DMD patients to model skeletal myogenesis and compared their differentiation dynamics with that of healthy control cells by a comprehensive multi-omic analysis at seven time points. Results were strengthened with the analysis of isogenic CRISPR-edited human embryonic stem cells and through comparisons against published transcriptomic and proteomic datasets from human DMD muscles. The study was completed with DMD knockdown/rescue experiments in hiPSC-derived skeletal muscle progenitor cells and adenosine triphosphate measurement in hiPSC-derived myotubes. RESULTS Transcriptome and miRnome comparisons combined with protein analyses demonstrated that hiPSC differentiation (i) leads to embryonic/foetal myotubes that mimic described DMD phenotypes at the differentiation endpoint and (ii) homogeneously and robustly recapitulates key developmental steps-mesoderm, somite, and skeletal muscle. Starting at the somite stage, DMD dysregulations concerned almost 10% of the transcriptome. These include mitochondrial genes whose dysregulations escalate during differentiation. We also describe fibrosis as an intrinsic feature of DMD skeletal muscle cells that begins early during myogenesis. All the omics data are available online for exploration through a graphical interface at https://muscle-dmd.omics.ovh/. CONCLUSIONS Our data argue for an early developmental manifestation of DMD whose onset is triggered before the entry into the skeletal muscle compartment, data leading to a necessary reconsideration of dystrophin roles during muscle development. This hiPSC model of skeletal muscle differentiation offers the possibility to explore these functions as well as find earlier DMD biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Etienne Kornobis
- Biomics, C2RT, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Département BiologieComputationnelle, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Maxime R F Gosselin
- Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- Unit for Cancer Sciences, Centre for Proteomics Research, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Proteas Bioanalytics Inc., BioLabs at The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Dariusz C Górecki
- Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.,Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
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64
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Relaix F, Bencze M, Borok MJ, Der Vartanian A, Gattazzo F, Mademtzoglou D, Perez-Diaz S, Prola A, Reyes-Fernandez PC, Rotini A, Taglietti. Perspectives on skeletal muscle stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:692. [PMID: 33514709 PMCID: PMC7846784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has remarkable regeneration capabilities, mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells (MuSCs). In this review, we introduce recently developed technologies and the mechanistic insights they provide to the understanding of MuSC biology, including the re-definition of quiescence and Galert states. Additionally, we present recent studies that link MuSC function with cellular heterogeneity, highlighting the complex regulation of self-renewal in regeneration, muscle disorders and aging. Finally, we discuss MuSC metabolism and its role, as well as the multifaceted regulation of MuSCs by their niche. The presented conceptual advances in the MuSC field impact on our general understanding of stem cells and their therapeutic use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Relaix
- grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France ,EnvA, IMRB, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France ,grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258EFS, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France ,grid.50550.350000 0001 2175 4109AP-HP, Hopital Mondor, Service d’histologie, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - M. Bencze
- grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - M. J. Borok
- grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - A. Der Vartanian
- grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - F. Gattazzo
- grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France ,grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258EFS, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - D. Mademtzoglou
- grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - S. Perez-Diaz
- grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - A. Prola
- grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France ,EnvA, IMRB, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P. C. Reyes-Fernandez
- grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - A. Rotini
- grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Taglietti
- grid.462410.50000 0004 0386 3258Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, 94010 Creteil, France
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65
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Fujita R, Jamet S, Lean G, Cheng HCM, Hébert S, Kleinman CL, Crist C. Satellite cell expansion is mediated by P-eIF2α-dependent Tacc3 translation. Development 2021; 148:dev194480. [PMID: 33318147 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Translational control of gene expression is an important regulator of adult stem cell quiescence, activation and self-renewal. In skeletal muscle, quiescent satellite cells maintain low levels of protein synthesis, mediated in part through the phosphorylation of eIF2α (P-eIF2α). Pharmacological inhibition of the eIF2α phosphatase with the small molecule sal003 maintains P-eIF2α and permits the expansion of satellite cells ex vivo Paradoxically, P-eIF2α also increases the translation of specific mRNAs, which is mediated by P-eIF2α-dependent read-through of inhibitory upstream open reading frames (uORFs). Here, we ask whether P-eIF2α-dependent mRNA translation enables expansion of satellite cells. Using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we show a number of genes associated with the assembly of the spindle pole to be upregulated at the level of protein, without corresponding change in mRNA levels, in satellite cells expanded in the presence of sal003. We show that uORFs in the 5' UTR of mRNA for the mitotic spindle stability gene Tacc3 direct P-eIF2α-dependent translation. Satellite cells deficient for TACC3 exhibit defects in expansion, self-renewal and regeneration of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 University St., Montréal H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Solène Jamet
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Graham Lean
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 University St., Montréal H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Harry Chun Man Cheng
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 University St., Montréal H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Steven Hébert
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 University St., Montréal H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Colin Crist
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, 3640 University St., Montréal H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 chemin de la Côte Ste. Catherine, Montréal H3T 1E2, Canada
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66
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Feige P, Tsai EC, Rudnicki MA. Analysis of human satellite cell dynamics on cultured adult skeletal muscle myofibers. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:1. [PMID: 33397479 PMCID: PMC7780694 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining stem cells in physiologically relevant states is necessary to understand cell and context-specific signalling paradigms and to understand complex interfaces between cells in situ. Understanding human stem cell function is largely based on tissue biopsies, cell culture, and transplantation into model organisms. METHODS Here, we describe a method to isolate post-mortem intact human muscle myofibers and culture muscle stem cells within the niche microenvironment to assay cellular dynamics, stem cell identity, stem cell hierarchy, and differentiation potential. RESULTS We show human myofiber culture maintains complex cell-cell contacts and extracellular niche composition during culture. Human satellite cells can be cultured at least 8 days, which represents a timepoint of activation, differentiation, and de novo human myofiber formation. We demonstrate that adult human muscle stem cells undergo apicobasal and planar cell divisions and express polarized dystrophin and EGFR. Furthermore, we validate that stimulation of the EGFR pathway stimulates the generation of myogenic progenitors and myogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This method provides proof of principle evidence for the use of human muscle to evaluate satellite cell dynamics and has applications in pre-clinical evaluation of therapeutics targeting muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Feige
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eve C Tsai
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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67
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Polverino F, Naso FD, Asteriti IA, Palmerini V, Singh D, Valente D, Bird AW, Rosa A, Mapelli M, Guarguaglini G. The Aurora-A/TPX2 Axis Directs Spindle Orientation in Adherent Human Cells by Regulating NuMA and Microtubule Stability. Curr Biol 2020; 31:658-667.e5. [PMID: 33275894 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitotic spindle orientation is a crucial process that defines the axis of cell division, contributing to daughter cell positioning and fate, and hence to tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis.1,2 The trimeric NuMA/LGN/Gαi complex, the major determinant of spindle orientation, exerts pulling forces on the spindle poles by anchoring astral microtubules (MTs) and dynein motors to the cell cortex.3,4 Mitotic kinases contribute to correct spindle orientation by regulating nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA) localization,5-7 among which the Aurora-A centrosomal kinase regulates NuMA targeting to the cell cortex in metaphase.8,9 Aurora-A and its activator targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) are frequently overexpressed in cancer,10-12 raising the question as to whether spindle orientation is among the processes downstream the Aurora-A/TPX2 signaling axis altered under pathological conditions. Here, we investigated the role of TPX2 in the Aurora-A- and NuMA-dependent spindle orientation. We show that, in cultured adherent human cells, the interaction with TPX2 is required for Aurora-A to exert this function. We also show that Aurora-A, TPX2, and NuMA are part of a complex at spindle MTs, where TPX2 acts as a platform for Aurora-A regulation of NuMA. Interestingly, excess TPX2 does not influence NuMA localization but induces a "super-alignment" of the spindle axis with respect to the substrate, although an excess of Aurora-A induces spindle misorientation. These opposite effects are both linked to altered MT stability. Overall, our results highlight the importance of TPX2 for spindle orientation and suggest that spindle orientation is differentially sensitive to unbalanced levels of Aurora-A, TPX2, or the Aurora-A/TPX2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Polverino
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco D Naso
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Italia A Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Palmerini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Divya Singh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Davide Valente
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexander W Bird
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Mapelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20141 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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68
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Yu C, Ding S. Therapeutic strategies targeting somatic stem cells: Chemical approaches. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115824. [PMID: 33126088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic modulation of fate and behavior of somatic stem cells can generate safe and functional cells ex vivo for cell-based therapy, or to repair and regenerate damaged tissues in vivo. Chemical approaches involving small molecules have provided promising approaches for modulating cellular fate and function. These strategies offer opportunities that support regenerative medicine. Here, we discuss strategies targeting somatic stem cells through chemical approaches, highlighting their progression as well as future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yu
- Institute of Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Sheng Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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69
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Lazure F, Blackburn DM, Corchado AH, Sahinyan K, Karam N, Sharanek A, Nguyen D, Lepper C, Najafabadi HS, Perkins TJ, Jahani-Asl A, Soleimani VD. Myf6/MRF4 is a myogenic niche regulator required for the maintenance of the muscle stem cell pool. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49499. [PMID: 33047485 PMCID: PMC7726801 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The function and maintenance of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are tightly regulated by signals originating from their niche environment. Skeletal myofibers are a principle component of the MuSC niche and are in direct contact with the muscle stem cells. Here, we show that Myf6 establishes a ligand/receptor interaction between muscle stem cells and their associated muscle fibers. Our data show that Myf6 transcriptionally regulates a broad spectrum of myokines and muscle‐secreted proteins in skeletal myofibers, including EGF. EGFR signaling blocks p38 MAP kinase‐induced differentiation of muscle stem cells. Homozygous deletion of Myf6 causes a significant reduction in the ability of muscle to produce EGF, leading to a deregulation in EGFR signaling. Consequently, although Myf6‐knockout mice are born with a normal muscle stem cell compartment, they undergo a progressive reduction in their stem cell pool during postnatal life due to spontaneous exit from quiescence. Taken together, our data uncover a novel role for Myf6 in promoting the expression of key myokines, such as EGF, in the muscle fiber which prevents muscle stem cell exhaustion by blocking their premature differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Lazure
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Darren M Blackburn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Aldo H Corchado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Korin Sahinyan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nabila Karam
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmad Sharanek
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christoph Lepper
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Theodore J Perkins
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Arezu Jahani-Asl
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vahab D Soleimani
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
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70
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Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) maintain tissue homeostasis and repair wounds. Despite marked variation in tissue architecture and regenerative demands, SCs often follow similar paradigms in communicating with their microenvironmental "niche" to transition between quiescent and regenerative states. Here we use skin epithelium and skeletal muscle-among the most highly-stressed tissues in our body-to highlight similarities and differences in niche constituents and how SCs mediate natural tissue rejuvenation and perform regenerative acts prompted by injuries. We discuss how these communication networks break down during aging and how understanding tissue SCs has led to major advances in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Foundation Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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71
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Kitajima Y, Suzuki N, Yoshioka K, Izumi R, Tateyama M, Tashiro Y, Takahashi R, Aoki M, Ono Y. Inducible Rpt3, a Proteasome Component, Knockout in Adult Skeletal Muscle Results in Muscle Atrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:859. [PMID: 32984340 PMCID: PMC7492297 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system has the capacity to degrade polyubiquitinated proteins and plays an important role in many cellular processes. However, the role of Rpt3, a crucial proteasomal gene, has not been investigated in adult muscles in vivo. Herein, we generated skeletal-muscle-specific Rpt3 knockout mice, in which genetic inactivation of Rpt3 could be induced by doxycycline administration. The Rpt3-knockout mice showed a significant reduction by more than 90% in the expression of Rpt3 in adult muscles. Using this model, we found that proteasome dysfunction in adult muscles resulted in muscle wasting and a decrease in the myofiber size. Immunoblotting analysis showed that the amounts of ubiquitinated proteins were markedly higher in muscles of Rpt3-deficient mice than in those of the control mice. Analysis of the autophagy pathway in the Rpt3-deficient mice showed that the upregulation of LC3II, p62, Atg5, Atg7, and Beclin-1 in protein levels, which supposed to be compensatory proteolysis activation. Our results suggest that the proteasome inhibition in adult muscle severely deteriorates myofiber integrity and results in muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Kitajima
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Shodo-kai Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Iwanuma, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshioka
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Rumiko Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maki Tateyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,National Hospital Organization Iwate National Hospital, Hanamaki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tashiro
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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72
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Myofiber necroptosis promotes muscle stem cell proliferation via releasing Tenascin-C during regeneration. Cell Res 2020; 30:1063-1077. [PMID: 32839552 PMCID: PMC7784988 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is characterized by the loss of membrane integrity and release of intracellular contents, the execution of which depends on the membrane-disrupting activity of the Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like protein (MLKL) upon its phosphorylation. Here we found myofibers committed MLKL-dependent necroptosis after muscle injury. Either pharmacological inhibition of the necroptosis upstream kinase Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases 1 (RIPK1) or genetic ablation of MLKL expression in myofibers led to significant muscle regeneration defects. By releasing factors into the muscle stem cell (MuSC) microenvironment, necroptotic myofibers facilitated muscle regeneration. Tenascin-C (TNC), released by necroptotic myofibers, was found to be critical for MuSC proliferation. The temporary expression of TNC in myofibers is tightly controlled by necroptosis; the extracellular release of TNC depends on necroptotic membrane rupture. TNC directly activated EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway in MuSCs through its N-terminus assembly domain together with the EGF-like domain. These findings indicate that necroptosis plays a key role in promoting MuSC proliferation to facilitate muscle regeneration.
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73
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De Micheli AJ, Spector JA, Elemento O, Cosgrove BD. A reference single-cell transcriptomic atlas of human skeletal muscle tissue reveals bifurcated muscle stem cell populations. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:19. [PMID: 32624006 PMCID: PMC7336639 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) facilitates the unbiased reconstruction of multicellular tissue systems in health and disease. Here, we present a curated scRNA-seq dataset of human muscle samples from 10 adult donors with diverse anatomical locations. We integrated ~ 22,000 single-cell transcriptomes using Scanorama to account for technical and biological variation and resolved 16 distinct populations of muscle-resident cells using unsupervised clustering of the data compendium. These cell populations included muscle stem/progenitor cells (MuSCs), which bifurcated into discrete "quiescent" and "early-activated" MuSC subpopulations. Differential expression analysis identified transcriptional profiles altered in the activated MuSCs including genes associated with aging, obesity, diabetes, and impaired muscle regeneration, as well as long non-coding RNAs previously undescribed in human myogenic cells. Further, we modeled ligand-receptor cell-communication interactions and observed enrichment of the TWEAK-FN14 pathway in activated MuSCs, a characteristic signature of muscle wasting diseases. In contrast, the quiescent MuSCs have enhanced expression of the EGFR receptor, a recognized human MuSC marker. This work provides a new benchmark reference resource to examine human muscle tissue heterogeneity and identify potential targets in MuSC diversity and dysregulation in disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J De Micheli
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jason A Spector
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Benjamin D Cosgrove
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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74
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Abstract
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is frequently expressed at elevated levels in different forms of cancer and expression often correlates positively with cancer progression and poor prognosis. Different mutant forms of this protein also contribute to cancer heterogeneity. A constitutively active form of EGFR, EGFRvIII is one of the most important variants. EGFR is responsible for the maintenance and functions of cancer stem cells (CSCs), including stemness, metabolism, immunomodulatory-activity, dormancy and therapy-resistance. EGFR regulates these pathways through several signaling cascades, and often cooperates with other RTKs to exert further control. Inhibitors of EGFR have been extensively studied and display some anticancer efficacy. However, CSCs can also acquire resistance to EGFR inhibitors making effective therapy even more difficult. To ameliorate this limitation of EGFR inhibitors when used as single agents, it may be of value to simultaneously combine multiple EGFR inhibitors or use EGFR inhibitors with regulators of other important cancer phenotype regulating molecules, such as STAT3, or involved in important processes such as DNA repair. These combinatorial approaches require further experimental confirmation, but if successful would expand and improve therapeutic outcomes employing EGFR inhibitors as one arm of the therapy.
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75
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Judson RN, Rossi FMV. Towards stem cell therapies for skeletal muscle repair. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:10. [PMID: 32411395 PMCID: PMC7214464 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-0094-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an ideal target for cell therapy. The use of its potent stem cell population in the form of autologous intramuscular transplantation represents a tantalizing strategy to slow the progression of congenital muscle diseases (such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy) or regenerate injured tissue following trauma. The syncytial nature of skeletal muscle uniquely permits the engraftment of stem/progenitor cells to contribute to new myonuclei and restore the expression of genes mutated in myopathies. Historically however, the implementation of this approach has been significantly limited by the inability to expand undifferentiated muscle stem cells (MuSCs) in culture whilst maintaining transplantation potential. This is crucial, as MuSC expansion and/or genetic manipulation is likely necessary for therapeutic applications. In this article, we review recent studies that have provided a number of important breakthroughs to tackle this problem. Progress towards this goal has been achieved by exploiting biochemical, biophysical and developmental paradigms to construct innovative in vitro strategies that are guiding stem cell therapies for muscle repair towards the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Judson
- 1STEMCELL Technologies Inc, Vancouver, BC Canada.,2Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- 2Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada
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76
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Nouet J, Himelman E, Lahey KC, Zhao Q, Fraidenraich D. Connexin-43 reduction prevents muscle defects in a mouse model of manifesting Duchenne muscular dystrophy female carriers. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5683. [PMID: 32231219 PMCID: PMC7105483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked neuromuscular disorder that affects males. However, 8% of female carriers are symptomatic and underrepresented in research due to the lack of animal models. We generated a symptomatic mouse model of DMD carriers via injection of mdx (murine DMD) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into wild-type (WT) blastocysts (mdx/WT chimera). mdx/WT chimeras developed cardiomyopathic features and dystrophic skeletal muscle phenotypes including elevated mononuclear invasion, central nucleation, fibrosis and declined forelimb grip strength. The disease was accompanied by connexin-43 (Cx43) aberrantly enhanced in both cardiac and skeletal muscles and remodeled in the heart. Genetic reduction of Cx43-copy number in mdx/WT-Cx43(+/-) chimeras protected them from both cardiac and skeletal muscle fiber damage. In dystrophic skeletal muscle, Cx43 expression was not seen in the fibers but in adjacent F4/80+ mononuclear cells. Ethidium Bromide uptake in purified F4/80+/CD11b+ mdx macrophages revealed functional activity of Cx43, which was inhibited by administration of Gap19 peptide mimetic, a Cx43 hemichannel-specific inhibitor. Thus, we suggest that Cx43 reduction in symptomatic DMD carrier mice leads to prevention of Cx43 remodeling in the heart and prevention of aberrant Cx43 hemichannel activity in the skeletal muscle macrophages neighboring Cx43 non-expressing fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Nouet
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Eric Himelman
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kevin C Lahey
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Qingshi Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Diego Fraidenraich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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77
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Feige P, Rudnicki MA. Isolation of satellite cells and transplantation into mice for lineage tracing in muscle. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1082-1097. [PMID: 31965111 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Limited methods exist to assay the direct effects of therapeutic intervention on muscle stem cell fate, proliferation or differentiation in an in vivo context. Here we provide an optimized protocol for muscle stem cell isolation and transplantation into mice to deconvolute heterogeneity within isolated stem cell populations. Viable and pure cell populations are isolated within 2 h and can then be used for therapeutic intervention or transplantation to uncover the repopulating and differentiation potential in mice, a physiologically relevant in vivo context. Effects can be assessed 9 d after transplantation. This methodology analyzes cell and sort purity prior to transplantation to improve reproducibility and outlines novel blocking steps to improve tissue staining and analysis. Experience with surgical procedures in mice is recommended before attempting this protocol. Our system is widely applicable for exploring stem cell dynamics within muscle and has already been used to study heterogeneity within muscle stem cell populations and efficacy of therapeutic intervention on isolated stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Feige
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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78
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Abstract
Satellite cells are the main muscle-resident cells responsible for muscle regeneration. Much research has described this population as being heterogeneous, but little is known about the different roles each subpopulation plays. Recent advances in the field have utilized the power of single-cell analysis to better describe and functionally characterize subpopulations of satellite cells as well as other cell groups comprising the muscle tissue. Furthermore, emerging technologies are opening the door to answering as-yet-unresolved questions pertaining to satellite cell heterogeneity and cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Saber
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alexander Y.T. Lin
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Michael A. Rudnicki
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
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79
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Smith LR, Meyer GA. Skeletal muscle explants: ex-vivo models to study cellular behavior in a complex tissue environment. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:248-261. [PMID: 31492079 PMCID: PMC8837600 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1662409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Skeletal muscle tissue explants have been cultured and studied for nearly 100 years. These cultures, which retain complex tissue structure in an environment suited to precision manipulation and measurement, have led to seminal discoveries of the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms regulating contractility, metabolism and regeneration. This review discusses the two primary models of muscle explant: isolated myofiber and intact muscle.Materials and Methods: Relevant literature was reviewed and synthesized with a focus on the unique challenges and capabilities of each explant model.Results: Impactful past, current and future novel applications are discussed.Conclusions: Experiments using skeletal muscle explants have been integral to our understanding of the fundamentals of muscle physiology. As they are refined and adapted, they are poised to continue to inform the field for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Smith
- Departments of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Davis; Davis, CA 95616
| | - Gretchen A. Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy and Departments of Neurology, Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO 63110
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80
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Sun C, Serra C, Lee G, Wagner KR. Stem cell-based therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113086. [PMID: 31639376 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic muscle disorders that cause progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Within this group, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common and one of the most severe. DMD is an X chromosome linked disease that occurs to 1 in 3500 to 1 in 5000 boys. The cause of DMD is a mutation in the dystrophin gene, whose encoded protein provides both structural support and cell signaling capabilities. So far, there are very limited therapeutic options available and there is no cure for this disease. In this review, we discuss the existing cell therapy research, especially stem cell-based, which utilize myoblasts, satellite cells, bone marrow cells, mesoangioblasts and CD133+ cells. Finally, we focus on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) which hold great potential in treating DMD. hPSCs can be used for autologous transplantation after being specified to a myogenic lineage. Over the last few years, there has been a rapid development of isolation, as well as differentiation, techniques in order to achieve effective transplantation results of myogenic cells specified from hPSCs. In this review, we summarize the current methods of hPSCs myogenic commitment/differentiation, and describe the current status of hPSC-derived myogenic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Sun
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Carlo Serra
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kathryn R Wagner
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Barthélémy F, Wang RT, Hsu C, Douine ED, Marcantonio EE, Nelson SF, Miceli MC. Targeting RyR Activity Boosts Antisense Exon 44 and 45 Skipping in Human DMD Skeletal or Cardiac Muscle Culture Models. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:580-589. [PMID: 31678734 PMCID: PMC6838898 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Systemic delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (AO) for DMD exon skipping has proven effective for reframing DMD mRNA, rescuing dystrophin expression, and slowing disease progression in animal models. In humans with Duchenne muscular dystrophy treated with AOs, low levels of dystrophin have been induced, and modest slowing of disease progression has been observed, highlighting the need for improved efficiency of human skipping drugs. Here, we demonstrate that dantrolene and Rycals S107 and ARM210 potentiate AO-mediated exon skipping of exon 44 or exon 45 in patient-derived myotube cultures with appropriate mutations. Further, dantrolene is shown to boost AO-mediated exon skipping in patient-derived, induced cardiomyocyte cultures. Our findings further validate the ryanodine receptors (RyR) as the likely target responsible for exon skip boosting and demonstrate potential applicability beyond exon 51 skipping. These data provide preclinical support of dantrolene trial as an adjuvant to AO-mediated exon-skipping therapy in humans and identify a novel Rycal, ARM210, for development as a potential exon-skipping booster. Further, they highlight the value of mutation-specific DMD culture models for basic discovery, preclinical drug screening and translation of personalized genetic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Barthélémy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard T Wang
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Hsu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emilie D Douine
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Stanley F Nelson
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Carrie Miceli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, and College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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82
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Gene expression profiling of skeletal myogenesis in human embryonic stem cells reveals a potential cascade of transcription factors regulating stages of myogenesis, including quiescent/activated satellite cell-like gene expression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222946. [PMID: 31560727 PMCID: PMC6764674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived skeletal muscle progenitors (SMP)—defined as PAX7-expressing cells with myogenic potential—can provide an abundant source of donor material for muscle stem cell therapy. As in vitro myogenesis is decoupled from in vivo timing and 3D-embryo structure, it is important to characterize what stage or type of muscle is modeled in culture. Here, gene expression profiling is analyzed in hESCs over a 50 day skeletal myogenesis protocol and compared to datasets of other hESC-derived skeletal muscle and adult murine satellite cells. Furthermore, day 2 cultures differentiated with high or lower concentrations of CHIR99021, a GSK3A/GSK3B inhibitor, were contrasted. Expression profiling of the 50 day time course identified successively expressed gene subsets involved in mesoderm/paraxial mesoderm induction, somitogenesis, and skeletal muscle commitment/formation which could be regulated by a putative cascade of transcription factors. Initiating differentiation with higher CHIR99021 concentrations significantly increased expression of MSGN1 and TGFB-superfamily genes, notably NODAL, resulting in enhanced paraxial mesoderm and reduced ectoderm/neuronal gene expression. Comparison to adult satellite cells revealed that genes expressed in 50-day cultures correlated better with those expressed by quiescent or early activated satellite cells, which have the greatest therapeutic potential. Day 50 cultures were similar to other hESC-derived skeletal muscle and both expressed known and novel SMP surface proteins. Overall, a putative cascade of transcription factors has been identified which regulates four stages of myogenesis. Subsets of these factors were upregulated by high CHIR99021 or their binding sites were significantly over-represented during SMP activation, ranging from quiescent to late-activated stages. This analysis serves as a resource to further study the progression of in vitro skeletal myogenesis and could be mined to identify novel markers of pluripotent-derived SMPs or regulatory transcription/growth factors. Finally, 50-day hESC-derived SMPs appear similar to quiescent/early activated satellite cells, suggesting they possess therapeutic potential.
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83
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Uchitomi R, Hatazawa Y, Senoo N, Yoshioka K, Fujita M, Shimizu T, Miura S, Ono Y, Kamei Y. Metabolomic Analysis of Skeletal Muscle in Aged Mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10425. [PMID: 31320689 PMCID: PMC6639307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the age-induced, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. To better understand changes in skeletal muscle during sarcopenia, we performed a metabolomic analysis of skeletal muscle in young (8-week-old) and aged (28-month-old) mice by using capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis showed clear changes in metabolites between young and aged mice. Glucose metabolism products were decreased in aged mice, specifically fructose 1,6-diphosphate (0.4-fold) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (0.6-fold), possibly from decreased glycolytic muscle fibers. Multiple metabolic products associated with phospholipid metabolism were significantly changed in aged mice, which may reflect changes in cell membrane phospholipids of skeletal muscle. Products of polyamine metabolism, which are known to increase nucleic acid and protein synthesis, decreased in spermine (0.5-fold) and spermidine (0.6-fold) levels. By contrast, neurotransmitter levels were increased in skeletal muscle of aged mice, including acetylcholine (1.8-fold), histamine (2.6-fold), and serotonin (1.7-fold). The increase in acetylcholine might compensate for age-associated dropout of neuromuscular junctions, whereas the increases in histamine and serotonin might be due to muscle injury associated with aging. Further analysis focusing on the altered metabolites observed in this study will provide essential data for understanding aging muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Uchitomi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukino Hatazawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Laboratories of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshioka
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Fujita
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Geriatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratories of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Kamei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
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84
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Blau
- From the Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.M.B.); and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.Q.D.)
| | - George Q Daley
- From the Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (H.M.B.); and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.Q.D.)
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