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Cocco S, Leone A, Piezzo M, Caputo R, Di Lauro V, Di Rella F, Fusco G, Capozzi M, Gioia GD, Budillon A, De Laurentiis M. Targeting Autophagy in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7836. [PMID: 33105796 PMCID: PMC7660056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of different biological subtypes, with differences in terms of incidence, response to diverse treatments, risk of disease progression, and sites of metastases. In the last years, several molecular targets have emerged and new drugs, targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR and cyclinD/CDK/pRb pathways and tumor microenvironment have been integrated into clinical practice. However, it is clear now that breast cancer is able to develop resistance to these drugs and the identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms is paramount to drive further drug development. Autophagy is a highly conserved homeostatic process that can be activated in response to antineoplastic agents as a cytoprotective mechanism. Inhibition of autophagy could enhance tumor cell death by diverse anti-cancer therapies, representing an attractive approach to control mechanisms of drug resistance. In this manuscript, we present a review of autophagy focusing on its interplay with targeted drugs used for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Cocco
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Michela Piezzo
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Roberta Caputo
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Lauro
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Giuseppina Fusco
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Monica Capozzi
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Germira di Gioia
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (A.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Michelino De Laurentiis
- Breast Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS “Fondazione G. Pascale”, Via Mariano Semmola 53, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.P.); (R.C.); (V.D.L.); (F.D.R.); (G.F.); (M.C.); (G.d.G.)
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Wei S, Qiu T, Wang N, Yao X, Jiang L, Jia X, Tao Y, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Yang G, Liu X, Liu S, Sun X. Ferroptosis mediated by the interaction between Mfn2 and IREα promotes arsenic-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109824. [PMID: 32593899 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic is a risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death defined by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation. In the current study, we observed the occurrence of ferroptosis in arsenic-induced NASH by assessing ferroptosis related hallmarks. In vitro, we found that ferrostatin-1 effectively attenuated the executing of ferroptosis and NASH. Simultaneously, the expression of ACSL4 (acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4) was upregulated in rat's liver and L-02 cells exposed to arsenic. While, suppression of ACSL4 with rosiglitazone or ACSL4 siRNA remarkably alleviated arsenic-induced NASH and ferroptosis through diminishing 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) content. Additionally, Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a physical tether between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, has rarely been explored in the ferroptosis. Using Mfn2 siRNA or inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) inhibitor, we found NASH and ferroptosis were obviously mitigated through reducing 5-HETE content. Importantly, Co-IP assay indicated that Mfn2 could interact with IRE1α and promoted the production of 5-HETE, ultimately led to ferroptosis and NASH. Collectively, our data showed that ferroptosis is involved in arsenic-induced NASH. These data provide insightful viewpoints into the mechanism of arsenic-induced NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Tianming Qiu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Liping Jiang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Xue Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Yuhan Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
| | - Xiance Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China; Global Health Research Center, Dalian Medical University, 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, PR China.
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Shen Q, Liang M, Yang F, Deng YZ, Naqvi NI. Ferroptosis contributes to developmental cell death in rice blast. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1831-1846. [PMID: 32367535 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death process, was found to occur in Magnaporthe oryzae, and plays a key role in infection-related development therein. Ferroptosis in the rice-blast fungus was confirmed based on five basic criteria. We confirmed the dependence of ferroptosis on ferric ions, and optimized ratio-fluorescence imaging of C11-BODIPY581/591 as a precise sensor for lipid peroxides that mediate ferroptosis in M. oryzae. We uncovered an important regulatory function for reduced glutathione and NADPH oxidases in modulating the superoxide moieties required for ferroptotic cell death. We found ferroptosis to be necessary for the developmental cell death of conidia during appressorium maturation in rice blast. Such ferroptotic cell death initiated first in the terminal cell and progressed sequentially to the entire conidium. Iron chelation or chemical inhibition of ferroptosis caused conidial cells to remain viable, and led to strong defects in host invasion by M. oryzae. Ferroptosis induction exclusively in the host severely constrained the invasive growth of M. oryzae. We found inter-reliant and independent roles for ferroptosis and autophagy in controlling such precise cell death in M. oryzae during pathogenic differentiation. Our study provides significant molecular insights into the role of developmental cell death and iron homeostasis in fungal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Meiling Liang
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yi Zhen Deng
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Naweed I Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Republic of Singapore
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Badran G, Verdin A, Grare C, Abbas I, Achour D, Ledoux F, Roumie M, Cazier F, Courcot D, Lo Guidice JM, Garçon G. Toxicological appraisal of the chemical fractions of ambient fine (PM 2.5-0.3) and quasi-ultrafine (PM 0.3) particles in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114620. [PMID: 33618464 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
New toxicological research is still urgently needed to improve the current knowledge about the induction of some underlying mechanisms of toxicity by the different chemical fractions of ambient particulate matter (PM). This in vitro study sought also to better evaluate and compare the respective toxicities of fine particles (PM2.5-0.3) and their inorganic and organic chemical fractions, and the respective toxicities of the organic chemical fractions of PM2.5-0.3 and quasi-ultrafine particles (PM0.3). Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were also exposed for 6-48 h to relatively low doses of PM2.5-0.3 and their organic extractable (OEM2.5-0.3) and non-extractable (NEM2.5-0.3) fractions, and the organic extractable fraction (OEM0.3) of PM0.3. We reported that not only PM2.5-0.3, but also, to a lesser extent, its inorganic chemical fraction, NEM2.5-0.3, and organic chemical fraction, OEM2.5-0.3, were able to significantly induce ROS overproduction and oxidative damage notwithstanding the early activation of NRF2 signaling pathway. Moreover, for any exposure, inflammatory and apoptotic events were noticed. Similar results were observed in BEAS-2B cells exposed to OEM0.3, rich of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives. In BEAS-2B cells exposed for 24 and 48 h to OEM2.5-0.3 and OEM0.3, to a higher extent, there was an alteration of the levels of some critical proteins even though crucial for the autophagy rather than a real reduction of autophagy. It is noteworthy that the toxicological effects were equal or mostly higher in BEAS-2B cells exposed for 6 and/or 24 h to PM2.5-0.3 from those exposed to NEM2.5-0.3 or OEM2.5-0.3, and in BEAS-2B cells exposed for 6 and/or mostly 24 h to OEM0.3 from those exposed to OEM2.5-0.3. Taken together, these results revealed the higher potentials for toxicity, closely linked to their respective physical and chemical characteristics, of PM2.5-0.3 vs NEM2.5-0.3 and/or OEM2.5-0.3, and OEM0.3 vs OEM2.5-0.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghidaa Badran
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV-EA 4492, FR CNRS, 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France; CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France; Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, NCSR, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anthony Verdin
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV-EA 4492, FR CNRS, 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Céline Grare
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Imane Abbas
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, NCSR, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Djamal Achour
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Ledoux
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV-EA 4492, FR CNRS, 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Mohamad Roumie
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, NCSR, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Centre Commun de Mesures, Maison de la Recherche en Environnement Industriel, Univ. du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Dominique Courcot
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, UCEIV-EA 4492, FR CNRS, 3417, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Dunkerque, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lo Guidice
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Garçon
- CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483-IMPacts de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé (IMPECS), Univ. Lille, Lille, France.
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Minagawa S, Yoshida M, Araya J, Hara H, Imai H, Kuwano K. Regulated Necrosis in Pulmonary Disease. A Focus on Necroptosis and Ferroptosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:554-562. [PMID: 32017592 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0337tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, increasing evidence suggests the possible involvement of various types of cell death in lung diseases. The recognized regulated cell death includes necrotic cell death that is immunogenic, releasing damage-associated molecular patterns and driving tissue inflammation. Necroptosis is a well-understood form of regulated necrosis that is executed by RIPK3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3) and the pseudokinase MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein). Ferroptosis is a newly described caspase-independent form of regulated necrosis that is characterized by the increase of detrimental lipid reactive oxygen species produced via iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. The role of these two cell death pathways differs depending on the disease, cell type, and microenvironment. Moreover, some experimental cell death models have demonstrated shared ferroptotic and necroptotic cell death and the synergistic effect of simultaneous inhibition. This review examines the role of regulated necrotic cell death, particularly necroptosis and ferroptosis, in lung disease pathogenesis in the context of recent insights into the roles of the key effector molecules of these two cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Minagawa
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Hiromichi Hara
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Hirotaka Imai
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
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Montes-Fernández MA, Pérez-Villegas EM, Garcia-Gonzalo FR, Pedrazza L, Rosa JL, de Toledo GA, Armengol JA. The HERC1 ubiquitin ligase regulates presynaptic membrane dynamics of central synapses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12057. [PMID: 32694577 PMCID: PMC7374096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HERC1 is a ubiquitin ligase protein, which, when mutated, induces several malformations and intellectual disability in humans. The animal model of HERC1 mutation is the mouse tambaleante characterized by: (1) overproduction of the protein; (2) cerebellar Purkinje cells death by autophagy; (3) dysregulation of autophagy in spinal cord motor neurons, and CA3 and neocortical pyramidal neurons; (4) impairment of associative learning, linked to altered spinogenesis and absence of LTP in the lateral amygdala; and, (5) motor impairment due to delayed action potential transmission, decrease synaptic transmission efficiency and altered myelination in the peripheral nervous system. To investigate the putative role of HERC1 in the presynaptic dynamics we have performed a series of experiments in cultured tambaleante hippocampal neurons by using transmission electron microscopy, FM1-43 destaining and immunocytochemistry. Our results show: (1) a decrease in the number of synaptic vesicles; (2) reduced active zones; (3) less clathrin immunoreactivity and less presynaptic endings over the hippocampal main dendritic trees; which contrast with (4) a greater number of endosomes and autophagosomes in the presynaptic endings of the tambaleante neurons relative to control ones. Altogether these results show an important role of HERC1 in the regulation of presynaptic membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Mª Pérez-Villegas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Leonardo Pedrazza
- Department of Physiological Sciences, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Rosa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José A Armengol
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.
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Sanchez-Garrido J, Shenoy AR. Regulation and repurposing of nutrient sensing and autophagy in innate immunity. Autophagy 2020; 17:1571-1591. [PMID: 32627660 PMCID: PMC8354595 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1783119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients not only act as building blocks but also as signaling molecules. Nutrient-availability promotes cell growth and proliferation and suppresses catabolic processes, such as macroautophagy/autophagy. These effects are mediated by checkpoint kinases such as MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase), which is activated by amino acids and growth factors, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is activated by low levels of glucose or ATP. These kinases have wide-ranging activities that can be co-opted by immune cells upon exposure to danger signals, cytokines or pathogens. Here, we discuss recent insight into the regulation and repurposing of nutrient-sensing responses by the innate immune system during infection. Moreover, we examine how natural mutations and pathogen-mediated interventions can alter the balance between anabolic and autophagic pathways leading to a breakdown in tissue homeostasis and/or host defense.Abbreviations: AKT1/PKB: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; CGAS: cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; EIF2AK4/GCN2: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FFAR: free fatty acid receptor; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAP3K7/TAK1: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NLR: NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain) and leucine-rich repeat containing proteins; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PRR: pattern-recognition receptor; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RALB: RAS like proto-oncogene B; RHEB: Ras homolog, MTORC1 binding; RIPK1: receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; RRAG: Ras related GTP binding; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STING1/TMEM173: stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; STK11/LKB1: serine/threonine kinase 11; TBK1: TANK binding kinase 1; TLR: toll like receptor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; TRIM: tripartite motif protein; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type H+-proton-translocating ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sanchez-Garrido
- Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Avinash R Shenoy
- Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Satellite Group Leader, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Autophagy as a decisive process for cell death. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:921-930. [PMID: 32591647 PMCID: PMC7338414 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway in which cellular constituents are engulfed by autophagosomes and degraded upon autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. Autophagy serves as a major cytoprotective process by maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling cytoplasmic contents. However, emerging evidence suggests that autophagy is a primary mechanism of cell death (autophagic cell death, ACD) and implicates ACD in several aspects of mammalian physiology, including tumor suppression and psychological disorders. However, little is known about the physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of ACD. In this review, we document examples of ACD and discuss recent progress in our understanding of its molecular mechanisms.
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Li J, Mao H, Pan Y, Li H, Lei L. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9 Inhibition Suppresses Necroptosis and Pyroptosis in the Progress of Endotoxemia. Inflammation 2020; 43:2061-2074. [PMID: 32556803 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The host innate immune response stands at the first line of defense against the outburst of pathogen invasion and their byproduct release. The balanced and coordinated expression of genes in normal immune responses is compromised in the progress of endotoxemia with exacerbated inflammation and massive cell death. In the present study, we identified cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), the functional subunit of the positive transcription elongation factor b, as a master regulator of inflammatory gene transcription in the process of promoter-proximal pausing to productive elongation. Therapeutic pharmacological inhibition of CDK9 by flavopiridol (FVD) rescued mice from death in experimental models of fatal endotoxemia. In addition to alleviation of the cytokine storm in the circulation system following lethal endotoxin injection, FVD treatment significantly dampened the onset of inflammation in the livers and lungs and reduced the necroptosis and pyroptosis in livers. Moreover, CDK9 inhibition reduced inflammatory cytokine release and decreased cell death in the pro-inflammatory pyroptotic and necroptotic cell death pathway in monocytes in responses to lipopolysaccharide. In conclusion, CDK9 inhibition may affect the progress of endotoxemia by dampening inflammation and cell death including necroptosis and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huimin Mao
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Houxuan Li
- Department of Periodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lang Lei
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Xie M, Liu J, Wang Z, Sun B, Wang J. Inhibitory effects of 5-heptadecylresorcinol on the proliferation of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells through modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Konstorum A, Tesfay L, Paul BT, Torti FM, Laubenbacher RC, Torti SV. Systems biology of ferroptosis: A modeling approach. J Theor Biol 2020; 493:110222. [PMID: 32114023 PMCID: PMC7254156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of iron-dependent regulated cell death (RCD) that occurs via peroxidation of phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) moieties. Activating this form of cell death is an emerging strategy in cancer treatment. Because multiple pathways and molecular species contribute to the ferroptotic process, predicting which tumors will be sensitive to ferroptosis is a challenge. We thus develop a mathematical model of several critical pathways to ferroptosis in order to perform a systems-level analysis of the process. We show that sensitivity to ferroptosis depends on the activity of multiple upstream cascades, including PUFA incorporation into the phospholipid membrane, and the balance between levels of pro-oxidant factors (reactive oxygen species, lipoxogynases) and antioxidant factors (GPX4). We perform a systems-level analysis of ferroptosis sensitivity as an outcome of five input variables (ACSL4, SCD1, ferroportin, transferrin receptor, and p53) and organize the resulting simulations into 'high' and 'low' ferroptosis sensitivity groups. We make a novel prediction corresponding to the combinatorial requirements of ferroptosis sensitivity to SCD1 and ACSL4 activity. To validate our prediction, we model the ferroptotic response of an ovarian cancer stem cell line following single- and double-knockdown of SCD1 and ACSL4. We find that the experimental outcomes are consistent with our simulated predictions. This work suggests that a systems-level approach is beneficial for understanding the complex combined effects of ferroptotic input, and in predicting cancer susceptibility to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konstorum
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, United States of America.
| | - Lia Tesfay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Bibbin T Paul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Frank M Torti
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Reinhard C Laubenbacher
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, United States of America; Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, United States of America
| | - Suzy V Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, United States of America
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FAS/FAS-L-mediated apoptosis and autophagy of SPC-A-1 cells induced by water-soluble polysaccharide from Polygala tenuifolia. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:449-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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63
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Li K, Deng Y, Deng G, Chen P, Wang Y, Wu H, Ji Z, Yao Z, Zhang X, Yu B, Zhang K. High cholesterol induces apoptosis and autophagy through the ROS-activated AKT/FOXO1 pathway in tendon-derived stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:131. [PMID: 32197645 PMCID: PMC7082977 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of tendon pain and tendon rupture. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) play a vital role in the development of tendinopathy. Our previous research found that high cholesterol inhibits tendon-related gene expression in TDSCs. Whether high cholesterol has other biological effects on TDSCs remains unknown. METHODS TDSCs isolated from female SD rats were exposed to 10 mg/dL cholesterol for 24 h. Then, cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope. RFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus transfection was used for measuring autophagy. Signaling transduction was measured by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. In addition, Achilles tendons from ApoE -/- mice fed with a high-fat diet were histologically assessed using HE staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In this work, we verified that 10 mg/dL cholesterol suppressed cell proliferation and migration and induced G0/G1 phase arrest. Additionally, cholesterol induced apoptosis and autophagy simultaneously in TDSCs. Apoptosis induction was related to increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and BAX and decreased expression of Bcl-xL. The occurrence of autophagic flux and accumulation of LC3-II demonstrated the induction of autophagy by cholesterol. Compared with the effects of cholesterol treatment alone, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced apoptosis, while the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK diminished cholesterol-induced autophagy. Moreover, cholesterol triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activated the AKT/FOXO1 pathway, while the ROS scavenger NAC blocked cholesterol-induced activation of the AKT/FOXO1 pathway. NAC and the FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 rescued the apoptosis and autophagy induced by cholesterol. Finally, high cholesterol elevated the expression of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, LC3-II, and FOXO1 in vivo. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that high cholesterol induced apoptosis and autophagy through ROS-activated AKT/FOXO1 signaling in TDSCs, providing new insights into the mechanism of hypercholesterolemia-induced tendinopathy. High cholesterol induces apoptosis and autophagy through the ROS-activated AKT/FOXO1 pathway in tendon-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ganming Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Baoan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518100, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hangtian Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhiguo Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zilong Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Kairui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Ge D, Tao HR, Fang L, Kong XQ, Han LN, Li N, Xu YX, Li LY, Yu M, Zhang H. 11-Methoxytabersonine Induces Necroptosis with Autophagy through AMPK/mTOR and JNK Pathways in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:244-250. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Ge
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan
| | - Hong-Rui Tao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan
| | - Xiang-Qian Kong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University
| | - Li-Na Han
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan
| | - Ning Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan
| | - Yan-Xin Xu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan
| | - Ling-Yu Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan
| | - Mei Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan
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Casterton RL, Hunt RJ, Fanto M. Pathomechanism Heterogeneity in the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Disease Spectrum: Providing Focus Through the Lens of Autophagy. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2692-2713. [PMID: 32119873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) constitute aggressive neurodegenerative pathologies that lead to the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons and of neocortical areas, respectively. In the past decade, the identification of several genes that cause these disorders indicated that the two diseases overlap in a multifaceted spectrum of conditions. The autophagy-lysosome system has been identified as a main intersection for the onset and progression of neurodegeneration in ALS/FTD. Genetic evidence has revealed that several genes with a mechanistic role at different stages of the autophagy process are mutated in patients with ALS/FTD. Moreover, the three main proteins aggregating in ALS/FTD, including in sporadic cases, are also targeted by autophagy and affect this process. Here, we examine the varied dysfunctions and degrees of involvement of the autophagy-lysosome system that have been discovered in ALS/FTD. We argue that these findings shed light on the pathological mechanisms in the ALS/FTD spectrum and conclude that they have important consequences both for treatment options and for the basic biomolecular understanding of how this process intersects with RNA metabolism, the other major cellular process reported to be dysfunctional in part of the ALS/FTD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Casterton
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel J Hunt
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Manolis Fanto
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), 47, bd de l'hôpital, F-75013 Paris, France.
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66
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Wang G, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Sun D, Zhen Y, Liu J, Fu L, Zhang L, Ouyang L. Discovery of a Novel Dual-Target Inhibitor of ERK1 and ERK5 That Induces Regulated Cell Death to Overcome Compensatory Mechanism in Specific Tumor Types. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3976-3995. [PMID: 32078308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongqi Zhen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Lindner P, Christensen SB, Nissen P, Møller JV, Engedal N. Cell death induced by the ER stressor thapsigargin involves death receptor 5, a non-autophagic function of MAP1LC3B, and distinct contributions from unfolded protein response components. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:12. [PMID: 31987044 PMCID: PMC6986015 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell death triggered by unmitigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in physiology and disease, but the death-inducing signaling mechanisms are incompletely understood. To gain more insight into these mechanisms, the ER stressor thapsigargin (Tg) is an instrumental experimental tool. Additionally, Tg forms the basis for analog prodrugs designed for cell killing in targeted cancer therapy. Tg induces apoptosis via the unfolded protein response (UPR), but how apoptosis is initiated, and how individual effects of the various UPR components are integrated, is unclear. Furthermore, the role of autophagy and autophagy-related (ATG) proteins remains elusive. METHODS To systematically address these key questions, we analyzed the effects of Tg and therapeutically relevant Tg analogs in two human cancer cell lines of different origin (LNCaP prostate- and HCT116 colon cancer cells), using RNAi and inhibitory drugs to target death receptors, UPR components and ATG proteins, in combination with measurements of cell death by fluorescence imaging and propidium iodide staining, as well as real-time RT-PCR and western blotting to monitor caspase activity, expression of ATG proteins, UPR components, and downstream ER stress signaling. RESULTS In both cell lines, Tg-induced cell death depended on death receptor 5 and caspase-8. Optimal cytotoxicity involved a non-autophagic function of MAP1LC3B upstream of procaspase-8 cleavage. PERK, ATF4 and CHOP were required for Tg-induced cell death, but surprisingly acted in parallel rather than as a linear pathway; ATF4 and CHOP were independently required for Tg-mediated upregulation of death receptor 5 and MAP1LC3B proteins, whereas PERK acted via other pathways. Interestingly, IRE1 contributed to Tg-induced cell death in a cell type-specific manner. This was linked to an XBP1-dependent activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which was pro-apoptotic in LNCaP but not HCT116 cells. Molecular requirements for cell death induction by therapy-relevant Tg analogs were identical to those observed with Tg. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results provide a new, integrated understanding of UPR signaling mechanisms and downstream mediators that induce cell death upon Tg-triggered, unmitigated ER stress. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lindner
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1137, Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Poul Nissen
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Nikolai Engedal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1137, Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
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Guo Q, Jing FJ, Xu W, Li X, Li X, Sun JL, Xing XM, Zhou CK, Jing FB. Ubenimex induces autophagy inhibition and EMT suppression to overcome cisplatin resistance in GC cells by perturbing the CD13/EMP3/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 12:80-105. [PMID: 31895687 PMCID: PMC6977684 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy is a standard treatment for gastric cancer (GC). However, chemoresistance is a major obstacle for CDDP application. Exploring underlying mechanisms of CDDP resistance development in GC and selecting an effective strategy to overcome CDDP resistance remain a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that a transmembrane ectoenzyme, CD13, endows GC patients with insensitivity to CDDP and predicts an undesirable prognosis in GC patients with CDDP treatment. Similarly, CD13 expression is positively related with CDDP resistance in GC cells. A CD13 inhibitor, Ubenimex, reverses CDDP resistance and renders GC cells sensitivity to CDDP, for which CD13 reduction is essential, and epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) is a putative target downstream of CD13. Furthermore, Ubenimex decreases EMP3 expression by boosting its CpG island hypermethylation for which CD13 down-regulation is required. In addition, EMP3 is a presumptive modifier by which CD13 exerts functions in the phosphoinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway. Ubenimex inhibits the activation of the CD13/EMP3/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway to overcome CDDP resistance in GC cells by suppressing autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, CD13 is a potential indicator of CDDP resistance formation, and Ubenimex may serve as a potent candidate for reversing CDDP resistance in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qie Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Fan-Jing Jing
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Jia-Lin Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Xiao-Min Xing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Chang-Kai Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Fan-Bo Jing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
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You XG, Fan TJ, Jiang GJ. Phenylephrine induces necroptosis and apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells dose- and time-dependently. Toxicology 2019; 428:152305. [PMID: 31605733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the toxicity of phenylephrine, a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist, in corneal epithelial cells and its underlying mechanisms were investigated using an in vitro model of human corneal epithelial cells (HCEPCs) and an in vivo model of New Zealand white rabbit corneas. The HCEPCs treated with phenylephrine at concentrations from 10% to 0.078125% displayed abnormal morphology, decline of cell viability and elevation of plasma membrane permeability time- and dose-dependently. Moreover, 10%-1.25% phenylephrine induce necrosis characteristics of marginalization and uneven distribution of chromatin through up-regulation of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL along with inactivation of caspase-8 and caspase-2, whereas 0.625% phenylephrine induced condensed chromatin, S phase arrest, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation and apoptotic body formation in the HCECs through activation of caspase-2, -8, -9 and -3 as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2, up-regulation of Bad, ΔΨm disruption and release of cytochrome c and AIF into cytosol. At last, 10% phenylephrine induced destruction of the corneal epithelia and apoptosis of corneal epithelial cells in rabbit corneas. In conclusion, 10% to 1.25% phenylephrine cause necroptosis via RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL axis and 0.625% phenylephrine induce apoptosis via a mitochondrion-dependent and death receptor-mediated signal pathway in HCEPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Guo You
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Guo-Jian Jiang
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China.
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Sun T, Ding W, Xu T, Ao X, Yu T, Li M, Liu Y, Zhang X, Hou L, Wang J. Parkin Regulates Programmed Necrosis and Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Targeting Cyclophilin-D. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1177-1193. [PMID: 31456416 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Cardiomyocyte death critically contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiac disorders, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. As one of the main forms of cardiac cell death, necrosis plays a critical role in heart diseases. Multiple signaling pathways of necrosis have been demonstrated, in which death receptors, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein 1 and 3 kinases, and cyclophilin-D (CypD) have been deeply implicated. However, the fundamental mechanism underlying myocardial necroptosis, especially the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP)-CypD-dependent death pathway, is poorly understood. Parkin functions as an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that mainly mediates mitophagy cascades. As yet, it is not clear whether Parkin participates in regulating necrosis and myocardial I/R injury. Results: Here, our results showed that Parkin mediated mitophagy and inhibited necrosis under oxidative stress. In further exploring the underlying mechanisms, we found that Parkin suppressed mPTP opening by catalyzing the ubiquitination of CypD in necrotic cascades, which were not involved in Parkin-regulated mitophagy. Parkin inhibited necrosis, reduced myocardial I/R injury, and improved cardiac function. Innovation: Our present work reveals a highlighted connection between the mitochondrial matrix-localized Parkin and the mPTP-CypD-dependent necrotic signaling pathway in cardiac injury. Conclusion: Our results revealed a novel myocardial necrotic regulating model composed of Parkin, CypD, and mPTP, which may provide potential therapeutic targets and strategies to modulate the levels of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Sun
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Li Z, Liu S, Fu T, Peng Y, Zhang J. Microtubule destabilization caused by silicate via HDAC6 activation contributes to autophagic dysfunction in bone mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:351. [PMID: 31775910 PMCID: PMC6880487 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicon-modified biomaterials have been extensively studied in bone tissue engineering. In recent years, the toxicity of silicon-doped biomaterials has gradually attracted attention but requires further elucidation. This study was designed to explore whether high-dose silicate can induce a cytotoxicity effect in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the role of autophagy in its cytotoxicity and mechanism. METHODS Morphologic changes and cell viability of BMSCs were detected after different doses of silicate exposure. Autophagic proteins (LC3, p62), LC3 turnover assay, and RFP-GFP-LC3 assay were applied to detect the changes of autophagic flux following silicate treatment. Furthermore, to identify the potential mechanism of autophagic dysfunction, we tested the acetyl-α-tubulin protein level and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activity after high-dose silicate exposure as well as the changes in microtubule and autophagic activity after HDAC6 siRNA was applied. RESULTS It was found that a high dose of silicate could induce a decrease in cell viability; LC3-II and p62 simultaneously increased after high-dose silicate exposure. A high concentration of silicate could induce autophagic dysfunction and cause autophagosomes to accumulate via microtubule destabilization. Results showed that acetyl-α-tubulin decreased significantly with high-dose silicate treatment, and inhibition of HDAC6 activity can restore microtubule structure and autophagic flux. CONCLUSIONS Microtubule destabilization caused by a high concentration of silicate via HDAC6 activation contributed to autophagic dysfunction in BMSCs, and inhibition of HDAC6 exerted a cytoprotection effect through restoration of the microtubule structure and autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China.
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Wu C, Li Z, Ding X, Guo X, Sun Y, Wang X, Hu Y, Li T, La X, Li J, Li JA, Li W, Xue L. Snail modulates JNK-mediated cell death in Drosophila. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:893. [PMID: 31772150 PMCID: PMC6879600 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell death plays a pivotal role in animal development and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of this process is associated with a wide variety of human diseases, including developmental and immunological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. While the fundamental role of JNK pathway in cell death has been extensively studied, its down-stream regulators and the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. From a Drosophila genetic screen, we identified Snail (Sna), a Zinc-finger transcription factor, as a novel modulator of ectopic Egr-induced JNK-mediated cell death. In addition, sna is essential for the physiological function of JNK signaling in development. Our genetic epistasis data suggest that Sna acts downstream of JNK to promote cell death. Mechanistically, JNK signaling triggers dFoxO-dependent transcriptional activation of sna. Thus, our findings not only reveal a novel function and the underlying mechanism of Sna in modulating JNK-mediated cell death, but also provide a potential drug target and therapeutic strategies for JNK signaling-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wu
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Zhuojie Li
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Fl, 33458, USA
| | - Yujia Hu
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tongtong Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Xiaojin La
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Jianing Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Ji-An Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Institute of Intervention Vessel, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Center of Intervention Radiology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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73
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Gao J, Wen L. Pro-Death or Pro-Survival: Contrasting Paradigms on Nanomaterial-Induced Autophagy and Exploitations for Cancer Therapy. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:3164-3176. [PMID: 31621285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical lysosome-mediated cellular degradation process for the clearance of damaged organelles, obsolete proteins, and invading pathogens and plays important roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of human diseases including cancer. While not a cell death process per se, autophagy is nevertheless intimately linked to a cell's live/die decision. Basal autophagy, operating constitutively at low levels in essentially every mammalian cell, is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis and promotes cell survival. On the other hand, elevated level of autophagy is frequently observed in cells responding to a physical, chemical, or biological stress. This "induced" autophagy, a hallmark under a variety of pathological and pathophysiological conditions, may be either pro-death or pro-survival, two contrasting paradigms for cell fate determination. Research in our laboratory and other groups around the world over the last 15 years has revealed nanomaterials as a unique class of autophagy inducers, with the capability of elevating the cellular autophagy to extremely high levels. In this Account we focus on the contrasting cell fate decision impacted by nanomaterial-induced autophagy. First, we give a brief introduction to nanomaterial-induced autophagy and summarize our current understanding on how it affects a cell's live/die decision. Autophagy induced by nanomaterials, in most cases, promotes cell death, but a significant number of nanomaterials are also able to elicit pro-survival autophagy. Although not a common feature, some nanomaterials may induce pro-death autophagy in one cell type while eliciting pro-survival autophagy in a different cell type. The ability to control the level of the induced autophagy, and furthermore its pro-death/pro-survival nature, is critically important for nanomedicine. Second, we discuss several possible mechanistic insights on the pro-death/pro-survival decision for nanomaterial-induced autophagy. "Disrupted" autophagic processes, with a "block" or perhaps "diversion" at the various stages, may be a characteristic hallmark for nanomaterial-induced autophagy, rendering it intrinsically pro-death in nature. On the other hand, autophagy-mediated upregulation and activation of pro-survival factors or signaling pathways, overriding the intrinsic pro-death nature, may be a common mechanism for nanomaterial-induced pro-survival autophagy. In addition, cargo degradation and reactive oxygen species may also play important roles in the pro-death/pro-survival decision impacted by nanomaterial-induced autophagy. Finally, we focus on the situation where nanomaterials induce autophagy in cancer cells and summarize the different strategies in exploiting the pro-death or pro-survival nature of nanomaterial-induced autophagy to enhance the various modalities of cancer therapy, including direct cancer cell killing, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, and integrated diagnosis and therapy. While the details vary, the basic principle is simple and straightforward. If the induced autophagy is pro-death, maximize it. Otherwise, inhibit it. Effective exploitation of nanomaterial-induced autophagy has the potential to become a new weapon in our ever-increasing arsenal to fight cancer, particularly difficult-to-treat and drug-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine and Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Longping Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine and Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
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74
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Sztandera K, Gorzkiewicz M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Nanocarriers in photodynamic therapy-in vitro and in vivo studies. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1509. [PMID: 31692285 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive technique which has proven to be successful in the treatment of several types of tumors. This relatively simple method exploits three inseparable elements: phototoxic compound (photosensitizer [PS]), light source, and oxygen. Upon irradiation by light with specified wavelength, PS generates reactive oxygen species, which starts the cascade of reactions leading to cell death. The positive therapeutic outcome of PDT may be limited due to several aspects, including low water solubility of PSs, hampering their effective administration and blood circulation, as well as low tumor specificity, inefficient cellular uptake and activation energies requiring prolonged illumination times. One of the promising approaches to overcome these obstacles involves the use of carrier systems modulating pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the PSs. In the present review, we summarized current in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the use of nanoparticles as potential delivery devices for PSs to enhance their cellular uptake and cytotoxic properties, and thus-the therapeutic outcome of PDT. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Sztandera
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Gorzkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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75
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Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that plays an essential role in neuronal homeostasis and is perturbed in many neurological diseases. Transcriptional downregulation of fat was previously observed in a Drosophila model of the polyglutamine disease Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and this was shown to be partially responsible for autophagy defects and neurodegeneration. However, it is still unclear whether a downregulation of mammalian Fat orthologues is associated with neurodegeneration in mice. We hereby show that all four Fat orthologues are transcriptionally downregulated in the cerebellum in a mouse model of DRPLA. To elucidate the possible roles of single Fat genes, this study concentrates on Fat3. This fat homologue is shown to be the most widely expressed in the brain. Conditional knockout (KO) of Fat3 in brains of adult mice was attempted using the inducible Thy1Cre(ERT2) SLICK H line. Behavioral and biochemical analysis revealed that mice with conditional KO of Fat3 in the brain display no abnormalities. This may be ascribed either to the limited efficiency of the KO strategy pursued or to the lack of effect of Fat3 KO on autophagy.
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76
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Heard BJ, Barton KI, Agbojo OM, Chung M, Sevick JL, Bader TJ, Martin CR, Shrive NG, Hart DA. Molecular Response of Rabbit Menisci to Surgically Induced Hemarthrosis and a Single Intra-Articular Dexamethasone Treatment. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2043-2052. [PMID: 31095777 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery can restore biomechanical stability, however, such surgery cannot reliably prevent the onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular response that occurs within the menisci following a surgical injury that allows bleeding into the joint space, and then to investigate the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on this molecular response. Cell viability studies following acute controlled exposure to blood and blood plus DEX were also conducted. Forty-eight New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated into control, sham, surgical, and surgical + DEX groups (each group n = 6). Animals were sacrificed at 48 h and 9 weeks, and menisci were harvested. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels for key inflammatory, and degradative proteins, as well as mRNA levels for autophagy pathway molecules were quantified, and statistically significant changes were described. Meniscal cell viability was calculated by incubating groups of medial and lateral menisci in autologous blood, or autologous blood plus DEX for 48 h (each group n = 4; total of eight medial and eight lateral menisci), and then conducting a histological live/dead assay. Results indicated a significant reduction in only medial meniscal cell viability when the tissue was exposed to blood in combination with DEX. A single administration of DEX following surgery significantly suppresses the elevated molecular expression for key inflammatory and degradative markers within menisci at 48 h and 9 weeks post-surgery. In vitro, autologous blood did not affect cell viability, but addition of DEX uniquely impacted the medial menisci. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2043-2052, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan J Heard
- Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristen I Barton
- Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Omokhowa M Agbojo
- Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - May Chung
- Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John L Sevick
- Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Taylor J Bader
- Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Ryan Martin
- Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nigel G Shrive
- Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Health Services Bone and Joint Health Strategic Clinical Networks, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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77
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Fan TJ, Wu SX, Jiang GJ. Apoptotic effects of norfloxacin on corneal endothelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:77-88. [PMID: 31420720 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Norfloxacin, a frequently used ocular antibiotic, might have cytotoxic effect on human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs), subsequently damage the cornea and finally impair human vision. However, the possible mechanisms of cytotoxicity of norfloxacin to HCEC line are unclear. Herein, we investigated the cytotoxicity of norfloxacin and its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms using in vitro cultured non-transfected HCECs and verified the cytotoxicity with cat corneal endothelium in vivo. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of norfloxacin in the in vitro cultured HCECs was recognized by causing abnormal morphology such as cell shrinkage and detachment from plate bottom, and decline of viability of in vitro cultured HCECs. Then, its cytotoxicity was verified by inducing reduction of cell density and morphological abnormality of in vivo cat corneal endothelial cells. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of norfloxacin in HCECs was corroborated as apoptosis by elevation of plasma membrane permeability, S phase arrest, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation in in vitro cultured HCECs and apoptosis-like swollen cells in the in vivo model. Moreover, norfloxacin induced extrinsic death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathway by activating caspase-2/-8/-3 and intrinsic mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis pathway by downregulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and upregulating of pro-apoptotic Bad, which disrupted mitochondrial transmembrane potential, subsequently upregulated cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor and finally activated caspase-9/-3. Generally, norfloxacin induces HCE cell apoptosis via a death receptor-mediated and mitochondrion-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jun Fan
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road No. 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shu-Xian Wu
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road No. 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guo-Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road No. 5, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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78
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Wang X, Liu Z, Fan F, Hou Y, Yang H, Meng X, Zhang Y, Ren F. Microfluidic chip and its application in autophagy detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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79
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