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Liang S, Su Y, Yao R. 3D Bioprinting of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Disease Modeling. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 281:29-56. [PMID: 36882603 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), carrying the genetic information of the disease and capable of differentiating into multilineages in vitro, are valuable for disease modeling. 3D bioprinting enables the assembly of the cell-laden hydrogel into hierarchically three-dimensional architectures that recapitulate the natural tissues and organs. Investigation of iPSC-derived physiological and pathological models constructed by 3D bioprinting is a fast-growing field still in its infancy. Distinctly from cell lines and adult stem cells, iPSCs and iPSC-derived cells are more susceptible to external stimuli which can disturb the differentiation, maturation, and organization of iPSCs and their progeny. Here we discuss the fitness of iPSCs and 3D bioprinting from the perspective of bioinks and printing technologies. We provide a timely review of the progress of 3D bioprinting iPSC-derived physiological and pathological models by exemplifying the relatively prosperous cardiac and neurological fields. We also discuss scientific rigors and highlight the remaining issues to offer a guiding framework for bioprinting-assisted personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Liang
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering,, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Su
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering,, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yao
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering,, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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52
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Wang K, Wen D, Xu X, Zhao R, Jiang F, Yuan S, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Li Q. Extracellular matrix stiffness-The central cue for skin fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1132353. [PMID: 36968277 PMCID: PMC10031116 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1132353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin fibrosis is a physiopathological process featuring the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is the main architecture that provides structural support and constitutes the microenvironment for various cellular behaviors. Recently, increasing interest has been drawn to the relationship between the mechanical properties of the ECM and the initiation and modulation of skin fibrosis, with the engagement of a complex network of signaling pathways, the activation of mechanosensitive proteins, and changes in immunoregulation and metabolism. Simultaneous with the progression of skin fibrosis, the stiffness of ECM increases, which in turn perturbs mechanical and humoral homeostasis to drive cell fate toward an outcome that maintains and enhances the fibrosis process, thus forming a pro-fibrotic "positive feedback loop". In this review, we highlighted the central role of the ECM and its dynamic changes at both the molecular and cellular levels in skin fibrosis. We paid special attention to signaling pathways regulated by mechanical cues in ECM remodeling. We also systematically summarized antifibrotic interventions targeting the ECM, hopefully enlightening new strategies for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongsheng Wen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feipeng Jiang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengqin Yuan
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yifan Zhang, ; Ya Gao, ; Qingfeng Li,
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yifan Zhang, ; Ya Gao, ; Qingfeng Li,
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yifan Zhang, ; Ya Gao, ; Qingfeng Li,
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53
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Panchenko AY, Tchaicheeyan O, Berinskii IE, Lesman A. Does the Extracellular Matrix Support Cell-Cell Communication by Elastic Wave Packets? ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:5155-5170. [PMID: 36346743 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fibrous network supporting biological cells and provides them a medium for interaction. Cells modify the ECM by applying traction forces, and these forces can propagate to long ranges and establish a mechanism of mechanical communication between neighboring cells. Previous studies have mainly focused on analysis of static force transmission across the ECM. In this study, we explore the plausibility of dynamic mechanical interaction, expressed as vibrations or abrupt fluctuations, giving rise to elastic waves propagating along ECM fibers. We use a numerical mass-spring model to simulate the longitudinal and transversal waves propagating along a single ECM fiber and across a 2D random fiber network. The elastic waves are induced by an active contracting cell (signaler) and received by a passive neighboring cell (receiver). We show that dynamic wave propagation may amplify the signal at the receiver end and support up to an order of magnitude stronger mechanical cues and longer-ranged communication relative to static transmission. Also, we report an optimal impulse duration corresponding to the most effective transmission, as well as extreme fast impulses, in which the waves are encaged around the active cell and do not reach the neighboring cell, possibly due to the Anderson localization effect. Finally, we also demonstrate that extracellular fluid viscosity reduces, but still allows, dynamic propagation along embedded ECM fibers. Our results motivate future biological experiments in mechanobiology to investigate, on the one hand, the mechanosensitivity of cells to dynamic forces traveling and guided by the ECM and, on the other hand, the impact of ECM architecture and remodeling on dynamic force transmission and its spectral filtering, dispersion, and decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Y Panchenko
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Oren Tchaicheeyan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Igor E Berinskii
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Ayelet Lesman
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel.,The Center for the Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
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54
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TGF-β1 induces type I collagen deposition in granulosa cells via the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway-mediated MMP1 down-regulation. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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55
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Kim KP, Williams CE, Lemmon CA. Cell-Matrix Interactions in Renal Fibrosis. KIDNEY AND DIALYSIS 2022; 2:607-624. [PMID: 37033194 PMCID: PMC10081509 DOI: 10.3390/kidneydial2040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of end-stage chronic kidney disease. It is characterized by increased accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which disrupts cellular organization and function within the kidney. Here, we review the bi-directional interactions between cells and the ECM that drive renal fibrosis. We will discuss the cells involved in renal fibrosis, changes that occur in the ECM, the interactions between renal cells and the surrounding fibrotic microenvironment, and signal transduction pathways that are misregulated as fibrosis proceeds. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of cell-ECM crosstalk will identify novel targets to better identify and treat renal fibrosis and associated renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin P. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Caitlin E. Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Christopher A. Lemmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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56
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Liu H, Fan P, Jin F, Huang G, Guo X, Xu F. Dynamic and static biomechanical traits of cardiac fibrosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1042030. [PMID: 36394025 PMCID: PMC9659743 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1042030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathology in cardiovascular diseases which are reported as the leading cause of death globally. In recent decades, accumulating evidence has shown that the biomechanical traits of fibrosis play important roles in cardiac fibrosis initiation, progression and treatment. In this review, we summarize the four main distinct biomechanical traits (i.e., stretch, fluid shear stress, ECM microarchitecture, and ECM stiffness) and categorize them into two different types (i.e., static and dynamic), mainly consulting the unique characteristic of the heart. Moreover, we also provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of different biomechanical traits on cardiac fibrosis, their transduction mechanisms, and in-vitro engineered models targeting biomechanical traits that will aid the identification and prediction of mechano-based therapeutic targets to ameliorate cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengbei Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fanli Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Guoyou Huang, ; Xiaogang Guo, ; Feng Xu,
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoyou Huang, ; Xiaogang Guo, ; Feng Xu,
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Guoyou Huang, ; Xiaogang Guo, ; Feng Xu,
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57
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Yamada KM, Doyle AD, Lu J. Cell-3D matrix interactions: recent advances and opportunities. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:883-895. [PMID: 35410820 PMCID: PMC9464680 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tissues consist of cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Cell-ECM interactions play crucial roles in embryonic development, differentiation, tissue remodeling, and diseases including fibrosis and cancer. Recent research advances in characterizing cell-matrix interactions include detailed descriptions of hundreds of ECM and associated molecules, their complex intermolecular interactions in development and disease, identification of distinctive modes of cell migration in different 3D ECMs, and new insights into mechanisms of organ formation. Exploring the roles of the physical features of different ECM microenvironments and the bidirectional regulation of cell signaling and matrix organization emphasize the dynamic nature of these interactions, which can include feedback loops that exacerbate disease. Understanding mechanisms of cell-matrix interactions can potentially lead to targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Andrew D Doyle
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiaoyang Lu
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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58
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Intercellular communication in the tumour microecosystem: Mediators and therapeutic approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166528. [PMID: 36007784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common tumours worldwide, is one of the main causes of mortality in cancer patients. There are still numerous problems hindering its early diagnosis, which lead to late patients receiving treatment, and these problems need to be solved urgently. The tumour microecosystem is a complex network system comprising seven parts: the hypoxia niche, immune microenvironment, metabolic microenvironment, acidic niche, innervated niche, mechanical microenvironment, and microbial microenvironment. Intercellular communication is divided into direct contact and indirect communication. Direct contact communication includes gap junctions, tunneling nanotubes, and receptor-ligand interactions, whereas indirect communication includes exosomes, apoptotic vesicles, and soluble factors. Mechanical communication and cytoplasmic exchange are further means of intercellular communication. Intercellular communication mediates the crosstalk between the tumour microecosystem and the host as well as that between cells and cell-free components in the tumour microecosystem, causing changes in the tumour hallmarks of the HCC microecosystem such as changes in tumour proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, inflammatory response, gene mutation, immune escape, metabolic reprogramming, and therapeutic resistance. Here, we review the role of the above-mentioned intercellular communication in the HCC microecosystem and discuss the advantages of targeted intercellular communication in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC. Finally, the current problems and prospects are discussed.
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59
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Ouyang M, Zhu Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Bu B, Guo J, Deng L. Mechanical communication-associated cell directional migration and branching connections mediated by calcium channels, integrin β1, and N-cadherin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942058. [PMID: 36051439 PMCID: PMC9424768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell mechanical communications at a large spatial scale (above hundreds of micrometers) have been increasingly recognized in recent decade, which shows importance in tissue-level assembly and morphodynamics. The involved mechanosensing mechanism and resulted physiological functions are still to be fully understood. Recent work showed that traction force sensation in the matrix induces cell communications for self-assembly. Here, based on the experimental model of cell directional migration on Matrigel hydrogel, containing 0.5 mg/ml type I collagen, we studied the mechano-responsive pathways for cell distant communications. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells assembled network structure on the hydrogel, whereas stayed isolated individually when cultured on glass without force transmission. Cell directional migration, or network assembly was significantly attenuated by inhibited actomyosin activity, or inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) calcium channel or SERCA pump on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, or L-type calcium channel on the plasma membrane. Inhibition of integrin β1 with siRNA knockdown reduced cell directional migration and branching assembly, whereas inhibition of cell junctional N-cadherin with siRNA had little effect on distant attractions but blocked branching assembly. Our work demonstrated that the endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels and integrin are mechanosensing signals for cell mechanical communications regulated by actomyosin activity, while N-cadherin is responsible for traction force-induced cell stable connections in the assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linhong Deng
- *Correspondence: Mingxing Ouyang, ; Linhong Deng,
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60
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Li N, Zhang X, Zhou J, Li W, Shu X, Wu Y, Long M. Multiscale biomechanics and mechanotransduction from liver fibrosis to cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114448. [PMID: 35820602 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of multiscale biomechanical studies has been proposed to highlight the mechanical cues in the development of hepatic fibrosis and cancer. At the cellular level, changes in mechanical microenvironment induce phenotypic and functional alterations of hepatic cells, initiating a positive feedback loop that promotes liver fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Tumor mechanical microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma facilitates tumor cell growth and metastasis, and hinders the drug delivery and immunotherapy. At the molecular level, mechanical forces are sensed and transmitted into hepatic cells via allosteric activation of mechanoreceptors on the cell membrane, leading to the activation of various mechanotransduction pathways including integrin and YAP signaling and then regulating cell function. Thus, the application of mechanomedicine concept in the treatment of liver diseases is promising for rational design and cell-specific delivery of therapeutic drugs. This review mainly discusses the correlation between biomechanical cues and liver diseases from the viewpoint of mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wang Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyu Shu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mian Long
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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61
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Yi Z, Zeng J, Chen Z, Chen L, Lu HB, Zhang Q, Yang X, Qi Z. The Role of Verteporfin in Prevention of Periprosthetic Capsular Fibrosis: An Experimental Study. Aesthet Surg J 2022; 42:820-829. [PMID: 35420670 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsular contracture (CC) characterized by excessive fibrosis is one of the most common complications after silicone implant surgery. Verteporfin (VP), an inhibitor of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), has recently been found to reduce the fibrotic process. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to use an in vivo rabbit model to evaluate the efficacy of VP for the prevention of CC. METHODS Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits received 10-cc smooth saline silicone implants inserted in the dorsal skin and were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive 2 mL VP (1.5 mg/mL) or 2 mL phosphate-buffered saline solution instillation in the implant pocket. When the animals were killed on Day 60, capsule formation was observed both macroscopically and microscopically. Histologic evaluation included capsule thickness, fibrosis degree, and myofibroblast (α smooth muscle actin positive) content. In addition, the YAP1 expression level was examined by immunofluorescence staining. Transforming growth factor β1, collagen I, and connective tissue growth factor expression were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The VP-treated group exhibited thinner, more transparent capsules and less fibrosis than the control group at 60 days postsurgery (P < 0.05). Moreover, the VP treatment significantly reduced α smooth muscle actin, YAP1, transforming growth factor β1, collagen I, and connective tissue growth factor expression levels in the capsular tissues (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS VP reduced capsule formation after silicone implantation by inhibiting YAP1-mediated mechanical signaling, thereby attenuating excessive collagen deposition in the rabbit model. This preclinical study may provide a feasible strategy to prevent periprosthetic capsular fibrosis in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yi
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Jinshi Zeng
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Zixiang Chen
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Hai-bin Lu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Zuoliang Qi
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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62
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Current Perspectives on Nucleus Pulposus Fibrosis in Disc Degeneration and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126612. [PMID: 35743056 PMCID: PMC9223673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence in humans and animal models indicates an association between intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and increased fibrotic elements in the nucleus pulposus (NP). These include enhanced matrix turnover along with the abnormal deposition of collagens and other fibrous matrices, the emergence of fibrosis effector cells, such as macrophages and active fibroblasts, and the upregulation of the fibroinflammatory factors TGF-β1 and IL-1/-13. Studies have suggested a role for NP cells in fibroblastic differentiation through the TGF-βR1-Smad2/3 pathway, inflammatory activation and mechanosensing machineries. Moreover, NP fibrosis is linked to abnormal MMP activity, consistent with the role of matrix proteases in regulating tissue fibrosis. MMP-2 and MMP-12 are the two main profibrogenic markers of myofibroblastic NP cells. This review revisits studies in the literature relevant to NP fibrosis in an attempt to stratify its biochemical features and the molecular identity of fibroblastic cells in the context of IDD. Given the role of fibrosis in tissue healing and diseases, the perspective may provide new insights into the pathomechanism of IDD and its management.
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63
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Yang CE, Wang YN, Hua MR, Miao H, Zhao YY, Cao G. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: From pathogenesis to therapeutic targets in aging-related tissue fibrosis. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 79:101662. [PMID: 35688331 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging promotes chronic inflammation, which contributes to fibrosis and decreases organ function. Fibrosis, the excessive synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix components, is the main cause of most chronic diseases including aging-related organ failure. Organ fibrosis in the heart, liver, and kidneys is the final manifestation of many chronic diseases. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a cytoplasmic receptor and highly conserved transcription factor that is activated by a variety of small-molecule ligands to affect a wide array of tissue homeostasis functions. In recent years, mounting evidence has revealed that AHR plays an important role in multi-organ fibrosis initiation, progression, and therapy. In this review, we summarise the relationship between AHR and the pathogenesis of aging-related tissue fibrosis, and further discuss how AHR modulates tissue fibrosis by regulating transforming growth factor-β signalling, immune response, and mitochondrial function, which may offer novel targets for the prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-E Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Meng-Ru Hua
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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64
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Redaelli A, Long M. Bioengineering of the liver. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:020401. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0087886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Redaelli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Mian Long
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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65
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Tackling the effects of extracellular vesicles in fibrosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151221. [PMID: 35405464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a physiological process of tissue repair that turns into pathological when becomes chronic, damaging the functional structure of the tissue. In this review we outline the current status of extracellular vesicles as modulators of the fibrotic process at different levels. In adipose tissue, extracellular vesicles mediate the intercellular communication not only between adipocytes, but also between adipocytes and other cells of the stromal vascular fraction. Thus, they could be altering essential processes for the functionality of adipose tissue, such as adipocyte hypertrophy/hyperplasia, tissue plasticity, adipogenesis and/or inflammation, and ultimately trigger fibrosis. This process is particularly important in obesity, and may eventually, influence the development of obesity-associated alterations. In this regard, obesity is now recognized as an independent risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease, although the role of extracellular vesicles in this connection has not been explored so far. Nonetheless, the role of extracellular vesicles in the onset and progression of renal fibrosis has been highlighted due to the critical role of fibrosis as a common feature of kidney diseases. In fact, the content of extracellular vesicles disturbs cellular signaling cascades involved in fibrosis in virtually all types of renal cells. What is certain is that the study of extracellular vesicles is complex, as their isolation and manipulation is still difficult to reproduce, which complicates the overview of their physiopathological effects. Nevertheless, new strategies have been developed to exploit the potential of extracellular vesicles and their cargo, both as biomarkers and as therapeutic tools to prevent the progression of fibrosis towards an irreversible event.
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