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Chen H, Zhang X, Jia X, Li Q, Su Q, Wang W, Liu Z. Thyroid disrupting effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in ovariectomized rats: A benchmark dose analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:733-740. [PMID: 26432769 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are proved endocrine disrupting potentials. Reference points (RP) for PCBs are derived from dose-response relationship analysis by using the traditional no observed adverse effect or lowest observed adverse effect level (NOAEL/LOAEL) methods, or a more advanced benchmark dose (BMD) method. In present study, toxicological RP for PCBs' thyroid disruption was established and compared between NOAEL/LOAEL and BMD method in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. Sham and OVX controls were given corn oil while other OVX groups were administered with 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0mg/kg bw of PCBs (aroclor 1254) respectively by gavage. Body weight change, liver type I 5'-deiodinase (5'-DI) activity, serum total thyroxine (tT4), triiodothyroxine (tT3), thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH), and thyroid histopathological changes were measured and analyzed. In PCBs-treated groups, serum tT4, tT3, TSH, and histopathological examinations showed significant changes with a dose-dependent manner compared with those in OVX control (P<0.05). The toxicological RP for PCBs affecting thyroid function of OVX rats was 0.02 mg/kg'bw based on BMD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), 100022, Beijing, China; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), 100022, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Jia
- Key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), 100022, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qing Su
- Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), 100022, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Key laboratory of food safety risk assessment, Ministry of Health (China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment), 100022, Beijing, China.
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Rosati MV, Montuori L, Caciari T, Sacco C, Marrocco M, Tomei G, Scala B, Sancini A, Anzelmo V, Bonomi S, Tomei F. Correlation between urinary cadmium and thyroid hormones in outdoor workers exposed to urban stressors. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; 32:1978-1986. [PMID: 26408504 DOI: 10.1177/0748233715602833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate whether exposure to low concentrations of cadmium (Cd) can have effects on the thyroid hormone level of outdoor workers exposed to urban pollutants. METHODS The study was conducted on a final sample of 277 individuals (184 males and 93 females). The environmental monitoring of Cd was evaluated through the use of portable dosimeters, while the biological monitoring was achieved through the assessment of urinary Cd and thyroid hormones. The total sample was divided according to sex and task. The Pearson's correlation coefficient among the variables was calculated after subdivision on the basis of sex and task. The multiple linear regression was performed to take into account the major confounding factors. RESULTS Statistical tests showed a negative correlation between urinary Cd levels and free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine and a positive correlation between urinary Cd and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS Our early results seem to point out that occupational exposure to low concentrations of Cd present in urban air affects the thyroid hormone levels in exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valeria Rosati
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Montuori
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Caciari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Carmina Sacco
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Mariasilvia Marrocco
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Tomei
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychological Science, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Scala
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Sancini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Anzelmo
- Institute of Public Health, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Cattolica del Sacro Cuore", Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Bonomi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Tomei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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53
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Matović V, Buha A, Ðukić-Ćosić D, Bulat Z. Insight into the oxidative stress induced by lead and/or cadmium in blood, liver and kidneys. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78:130-40. [PMID: 25681546 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Besides being important occupational hazards, lead and cadmium are nowadays metals of great environmental concern. Both metals, without any physiological functions, can induce serious adverse health effects in various organs and tissues. Although Pb and Cd are non-redox metals, one of the important mechanisms underlying their toxicity is oxidative stress induction as a result of the generation of reactive species and/or depletion of the antioxidant defense system. Considering that the co-exposure to both metals is a much more realistic scenario, the effects of these metals on oxidative status when simultaneously present in the organism have become one of the contemporary issues in toxicology. This paper reviews short and long term studies conducted on Pb or Cd-induced oxidative stress in blood, liver and kidneys as the most prominent target organs of the toxicity of these metals and proposes the possible molecular mechanisms of the observed effects. The review is also focused on the results obtained for the effects of the combined treatment with Pb and Cd on oxidative status in target organs and on the mechanisms of their possible interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Matović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Ðukić-Ćosić
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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54
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Buha A, Antonijević B, Milovanović V, Janković S, Bulat Z, Matović V. Polychlorinated biphenyls as oxidative stress inducers in liver of subacutely exposed rats: implication for dose-dependence toxicity and benchmark dose concept. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:309-317. [PMID: 25460651 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is one of the well-documented adverse health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)-persistent organic pollutants widely present in the environment. Although previous studies suggest possible role of oxidative stress, the precise mechanisms of PCB-induced ROS production in liver still remain to be fully assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of PCBs on the parameters of oxidative stress and to investigate whether these effects are dose dependent. Furthermore, a comparison between calculated benchmark doses (BMD) and estimated NOAEL values for investigated parameters, was made. Six groups of male albino Wistar rats (7 animals per group) were receiving Aroclor 1254 dissolved in corn oil in the doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mg PCBs/kg b.w./day by oral gavage during 28 days while control animals were receiving corn oil only. The following parameters of oxidative stress were analyzed in liver homogenates: superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total protein thiol levels. Hepatic enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and protein albumin were also determined in serum as clinical parameters of liver function. Collected data on the investigated parameters were analyzed by the BMD method. The results of this study demonstrate that subacute exposure to PCBs causes induction of oxidative stress in liver with dose-dependent changes of the investigated parameters, although more pronounced adverse effects were observed on enzymatic than on non-enzymatic components of antioxidant protection. The obtained values for BMD and NOAEL support the use of BMD concept in the prediction of health risks associated with PCBs exposure. Furthermore, our results implicate possible use of MDA in PCBs risk assessment, since MDA was the most sensitive investigated parameter with calculated low critical effect dose of 0.07 mg/kg b.w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Buha
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Antonijević
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Milovanović
- Chemicals Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection of Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša Janković
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Bulat
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Matović
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhu B, Wang Q, Wang X, Zhou B. Impact of co-exposure with lead and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on thyroid function in zebrafish larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 157:186-195. [PMID: 25456233 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and metals are the main contaminants at waste electrical and electronic equipment ("e-waste") recycling sites. However, the potential environmental health effects of mixtures of PBDEs and metals are not known. We investigated co-exposure of lead (Pb) with decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on thyroid function in zebrafish larvae. Seven groups of embryos/larvae of zebrafish were treated with Pb (0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 μg/L), six groups were exposed to BDE-209 (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/L), and nine groups of zebrafish larvae were treated with Pb and BDE-209 (5, 10, and 20 μg/L Pb; 50, 100, and 200 μg/L BDE-209). Embryos/larvae were exposed from 2h post-fertilization (hpf) until 144 hpf, and thyroid hormone (TH) content measured. Pb exposure significantly decreased whole-body TH contents (triiodothyroxine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)) but BDE-209 exposure significantly increased T3 and T4 levels. Pb or BDE-209 treatment alone caused a predicted downregulation of TH transport (i.e., expression of the mRNA or proteins of transthyretin). Chemical analyses showed Pb uptake to be increased by BDE-209, but BDE-209 bioconcentration was decreased and the ability to metabolize BDE-209 was reduced in the presence of Pb. We also found that a mixture of the two chemicals had a synergistic effect on TH levels in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biran Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Curcic M, Durgo K, Kopjar N, Ancic M, Vucinic S, Antonijevic B. Cadmium and decabrominated diphenyl ether mixture: In vitro evaluation of cytotoxic, prooxidative and genotoxic effects. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:663-671. [PMID: 25218094 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to look into the combined effects of Cd and BDE-209 in vitro, this study was aimed at examining cytotoxic and genotoxic effects using the human colon carcinoma cell line (SW 480) as a biological test system as well as to determine if ROS production was one of the possible mechanisms of their mixture action. This cell line was chosen since ingestion of contaminated food/water represents an important route of exposure to both Cd and BDE-209, which is why intestinal cells are a common target for the contaminants present in food and water. Cells were treated with single Cd in concentrations of 2.5, 7.5 or 15μg Cd/mL (corresponding to 22, 67 or 134μM), single BDE-209 in concentrations of 2.5, 5 or 10μg BDE209/mL (corresponding to 2.5, 5 or 10μM), and their mixtures (design 3×3). Mixture of Cd and BDE-209 has shown clear potential to reduce the viability of SW 480 cells, as evidenced by cytotoxicity associated with ROS generation. Factorial regression models used to identify type of interaction revealed synergism related to mixture citotoxicity and additive interaction for the effect on ROS production. The results from this introductory study could contribute to the issue of possible adverse effects associated with co-exposure and body burden with two persistent environmental pollutants, Cd and BDE-209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Curcic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ksenija Durgo
- Department for Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb University, Krsnjavoga 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mario Ancic
- Department for Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb University, Krsnjavoga 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Slavica Vucinic
- National Poison Control Center, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Antonijevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatovic", University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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