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Sakurai M, Suwazono Y, Nishijo M, Nogawa K, Watanabe Y, Yoneda K, Ishizaki M, Morikawa Y, Kido T, Nakagawa H. The Relationship between the Urinary Cadmium Concentration and Cause-Specific Mortality in Subjects without Severe Renal Damage: A 35-Year Follow-Up Study in a Cadmium-Polluted Area of Japan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18157747. [PMID: 34360038 PMCID: PMC8345790 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the association between urinary cadmium concentration (uCd, μg/g Cr) and risk of cause-specific mortality according to urinary β2-microglobulin (MG) concentration. Participants were 1383 male and 1700 female inhabitants of the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin. The uCd and β2-MG were evaluated in a survey in 1981–1982, where those participants were followed-up over 35 years later. Among the participants with a urinary β2-MG < 1000, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval) for mortality were significantly higher in those with a uCd of ≥10.0 compared with <5.0 for cardiovascular disease [HR 1.92 (1.08–3.40) for men, 1.71 (1.07–2.71) for women], pneumonia or influenza [2.10 (1.10–4.00) for men, 2.22 (1.17–4.19) for women], and digestive diseases [for men; 3.81 (1.49–9.74)]. The uCd was significantly associated with mortality from heart failure in women and digestive diseases in men, after adjustment for other causes of death using the Fine and Gray competing risk regression model. For participants with a urinary β2-MG of ≥1000, no significant association was observed between uCd and any major cause of death. In the absence of kidney damage, Cd may increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease, pneumonia, and digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.I.); (H.N.)
- Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.N.); (Y.W.)
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.N.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuuka Watanabe
- Department of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.N.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kazuka Yoneda
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.I.); (H.N.)
| | - Masao Ishizaki
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.I.); (H.N.)
- Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yuko Morikawa
- School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan;
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- School of Health Sciences, College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan;
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (K.Y.); (M.I.); (H.N.)
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Cigan SS, Murphy SE, Alexander BH, Stram DO, Hatsukami DK, Le Marchand L, Park SL, Stepanov I. Ethnic Differences of Urinary Cadmium in Cigarette Smokers from the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18. [PMID: 33800899 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) has demonstrated racial/ethnic differences in smoking-associated lung cancer risk. As part of the ongoing effort to characterize exposure to cigarette smoke constituents and better understand risk differences, we evaluated Cd exposure as it is a known lung carcinogen. We quantified urinary cadmium (Cd) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in a subset of 1956 current smokers from MEC. Ethnic-specific geometric means (GM) were compared adjusting for age at urine collection, sex, creatinine (natural log), education, and smoking (urinary total nicotine equivalents [TNE] and smoking duration). Self-reported questionnaire data, including occupation, were also considered. Latinos and Native Hawaiians had the highest GM urinary Cd (0.871 and 0.836 ng/mL, respectively) followed by Japanese Americans and African Americans (0.811 ng/mL and 0.807, respectively) and Whites (0.736 ng/mL). Patterns in race/ethnicity were consistent by sex such that females had the highest GM urinary Cd. When further adjusting for categorical occupational Cd exposure, racial/ethnic differences of Cd remained (p = 0.009). Findings suggest differences in urinary Cd among smokers across different racial/ethnic groups exist and highlight the importance in considering environmental sources of Cd exposure beyond smoking. These finding lay ground for future studies of individual characteristics that are associated with lower risk for cancer despite higher carcinogenic exposures.
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Nishijo M, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Kido T, Sakurai M, Nakagawa H. Lifetime Cadmium Exposure and Mortality for Renal Diseases in Residents of the Cadmium-Polluted Kakehashi River Basin in Japan. Toxics 2020; 8:toxics8040081. [PMID: 33019764 PMCID: PMC7711806 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Very few studies have investigated the dose–response relationship between external cadmium (Cd) exposure and mortality. We aim to investigate the relationship between lifetime Cd intake (LCd) and mortality in the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin in Japan. Mortality risk ratios for a unit of increase of LCd and urinary Cd were analyzed using Cox’s proportional model. LCd was estimated based on residency and Cd in rice produced in their living areas. In men, mortality for all causes was significantly increased for a 10-μg/g Cr increase in urinary Cd, but not for a 1-g increase in LCd. In women, mortality risks for all causes and renal diseases, particularly renal failure, were significantly increased for a 10-μg/g Cr increase in urinary Cd. Similarly, mortality risks for renal diseases and renal failure were significantly increased for a 1-g increase of LCd in women. Comparing the contribution of two exposure markers to increased mortality in women, LCd was more effective for increasing mortality risks for renal diseases and renal failure, while urinary Cd contributed more to increased mortality risk for all causes. LCd may show a better dose–response relationship with mortality risk for renal diseases in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-286-2211
| | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuoku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuoku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.S.)
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan;
| | - Masaru Sakurai
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.S.); (H.N.)
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (M.S.); (H.N.)
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Kim K, Melough MM, Sakaki JR, Ha K, Marmash D, Noh H, Chun OK. Association between Urinary Cadmium to Zinc Intake Ratio with Adult Mortality in a Follow-Up Study of NHANES 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Nutrients 2019; 12:E56. [PMID: 31878194 PMCID: PMC7019386 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal associated with increased mortality, but the effect of zinc (Zn) intake on the association between Cd and mortality is unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the association of urinary Cd to Zn intake ratio (Cd/Zn ratio) and mortality risk. In total, 15642 US adults in NHANES 1988-1994 and 1999-2004 were followed until 2011 (15-year mean follow-up). Of the 5367 total deaths, 1194 were attributed to cancer and 1677 were attributed to CVD. After adjustment for potential confounders, positive associations were observed between urinary Cd and all-cause mortality (HR for highest vs. lowest quartile: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.14-1.68) and cancer mortality (HR: 1.54; CI: 1.05-2.27). Urinary Cd was positively associated with cancer mortality among the lowest Zn consumers, and the association diminished among the highest Zn consumers. Positive relationships were observed between the Cd/Zn ratio and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.54; CI: 1.23-1.93), cancer mortality (HR: 1.65; CI: 1.11-2.47) and CVD mortality (HR: 1.49; CI: 1.18-1.88). In conclusion, these findings indicate that Zn intake may modify the association between Cd and mortality. Furthermore, the Cd/Zn ratio, which was positively associated with mortality from all causes, cancer, and CVD, may be an important predictor of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijoon Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.K.); (M.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (K.H.); (D.M.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Melissa M. Melough
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.K.); (M.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (K.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Junichi R. Sakaki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.K.); (M.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (K.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Kyungho Ha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.K.); (M.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (K.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Dalia Marmash
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.K.); (M.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (K.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Hwayoung Noh
- Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group, Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC-WHO), 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (K.K.); (M.M.M.); (J.R.S.); (K.H.); (D.M.)
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Strumylaite L, Kregzdyte R, Bogusevicius A, Poskiene L, Baranauskiene D, Pranys D. Cadmium Exposure and Risk of Breast Cancer by Histological and Tumor Receptor Subtype in White Caucasian Women: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3029. [PMID: 31234310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As the majority of experimental studies suggest cadmium being metalloestrogen, we examined cadmium/breast cancer (BC) association by histological and tumor receptor subtype in 509 invasive BC patients and 1170 controls. Urinary cadmium was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, and categorized using tertiles of its distribution in the controls: <0.18, 0.18–0.33, >0.33 kg × 10−9/kg × 10−3 creatinine. Relative to the lowest category of urinary cadmium adjusted odds ratio (OR) of ductal BC was 1.18 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89–1.58) in the intermediate and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.15–2.04) in the highest category. There was a significant association for hormone receptor-positive ductal BC: ORs per category increase were 1.34 (95% CI: 1.14–1.59) for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), 1.33 (95% CI: 1.09–1.61) for progesterone receptor-positive (PR+) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.11–1.65) for ER+/PR+ BC. We found a significant association between cadmium and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) ductal BC. The strongest association with cadmium was for ER+/PR+/HER2− ductal BC. The associations between cadmium and lobular BC with hormone receptor-positive and HER2− were positive but insignificant. There was no evidence that the associations with cadmium differed for cancers with different tumor histology (p-heterogeneity > 0.05). This study provides evidence that urinary cadmium is associated with the risk of hormone receptor-positive and HER2− breast cancer independent of tumor histology.
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Cao ZR, Cui SM, Lu XX, Chen XM, Yang X, Cui JP, Zhang GH. [Effects of occupational cadmium exposure on workers' cardiovascular system]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2018; 36:474-477. [PMID: 30248755 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of cadmium exposure on cardiovascular system of occupational workers. Methods: Cross-sectional study was applied to 992 workers in a nickel-cadmium battery plant in November, 2011, of which 749 were cadmium exposed workers and 243 were controls without cadmium and other expose. Urinary cadmium、electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure were examined simultaneously among 992 workers. The risk factors of ECG abnormality rate and hypertension rate were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results: The level of urinary cadmium in cadmium exposed workers was significantly higher than controls (8.89±4.00 vs 1.34±1.18 μg/g creatinine, P<0.01) . Urinary cadmium level in women was significantly higher than men in both exposure and control group (P<0.05) . According to the group of working years, Urinary cadmium level raised with the increase of working years (F=28.272, P<0.001) . The ECG abnormality rate and hypertension rate of cadmium exposed workers were higher than that of control group, the differences were all statistically significant (P<0.01) . The abnormal rate of ECG and the hypertension rate increased with the prolonging of working years and demonstrated dose-response relationship. With the increase of urinary cadmium level, the abnormal rate of ECG and hypertension rate raised (OR=1.11, P<0.01) and (OR=1.15, P<0.01) respectively. Conclusion: Occupational cadmium exposure increased the abnormal rate of ECG and blood pressure and therefore damaged cardiovascular system of workers. This study provided base data for protecting health of cadmium exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Cao
- Xinxiang Academy of occupational health and occupational medicine, Xinxiang 453003, China
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Nishijo M, Nambunmee K, Suvagandha D, Swaddiwudhipong W, Ruangyuttikarn W, Nishino Y. Gender-Specific Impact of Cadmium Exposure on Bone Metabolism in Older People Living in a Cadmium-Polluted Area in Thailand. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14040401. [PMID: 28394292 PMCID: PMC5409602 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the influence of cadmium exposure on bone metabolism, associations between urinary/blood cadmium and bone resorption/formation markers were investigated in older cadmium exposed men and women. Increased urinary cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx), a bone resorption marker, was found to be associated with increased levels of parathyroid hormone, fractional excretion of calcium, and urinary/blood cadmium after adjusting for confounding factors in men. In women, urinary NTx was significantly associated with only urinary cadmium and a strong relationship with increased fractional excretion of calcium. Risk for bone metabolic disorders, indicated by high urinary NTx, significantly increased in men with blood cadmium ≥ 10 μg/L or urinary cadmium ≥ 10 μg/g creatinine. Increased osteocalcin level was significantly associated with increased blood cadmium in men. In conclusion, cadmium exposure appeared to have an influence on bone remodeling both bone resorption and formation in this population of older Thai men, and blood cadmium was more closely associated with bone metabolism than urinary cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan.
- Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Kowit Nambunmee
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
| | - Dhitiwass Suvagandha
- Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | | | - Werawan Ruangyuttikarn
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Yoshikazu Nishino
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan.
- Health Evaluation Center, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan.
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Quraishi SM, Adams SV, Shafer M, Meliker JR, Li W, Luo J, Neuhouser ML, Newcomb PA. Urinary cadmium and estimated dietary cadmium in the Women's Health Initiative. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2016; 26:303-8. [PMID: 26015077 PMCID: PMC5077304 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium, a heavy metal dispersed in the environment as a result of industrial and agricultural applications, has been implicated in several human diseases including renal disease, cancers, and compromised bone health. In the general population, the predominant sources of cadmium exposure are tobacco and diet. Urinary cadmium (uCd) reflects long-term exposure and has been frequently used to assess cadmium exposure in epidemiological studies; estimated dietary intake of cadmium (dCd) has also been used in several studies. The validity of dCd in comparison with uCd is unclear. This study aimed to compare dCd, estimated from food frequency questionnaires, to uCd measured in spot urine samples from 1,002 participants of the Women's Health Initiative. Using linear regression, we found that dCd was not statistically significantly associated with uCd (β=0.006, P-value=0.14). When stratified by smoking status, dCd was not significantly associated with uCd both in never smokers (β=0.006, P-value=0.09) and in ever smokers (β=0.003, P-value=0.67). Our results suggest that because of the lack of association between estimated dCd and measured uCd, dietary estimation of cadmium exposure should be used with caution in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah M Quraishi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Scott V Adams
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Martin Shafer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jaymie R Meliker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Cancer Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Duc Phuc H, Kido T, Dung Manh H, Thai Anh L, Phuong Oanh NT, Okamoto R, Ichimori A, Nogawa K, Suwazono Y, Nakagawa H. A 28-year observational study of urinary cadmium and β 2 -microglobulin concentrations in inhabitants in cadmium-polluted areas in Japan. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:1622-1628. [PMID: 27080698 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The biological half-life of cadmium (Cd) is as long as 10-30 years. Exposure to this element induces renal tubular dysfunction, which is considered irreversible. β2 -microglobulin (β2 -MG) is a low-molecular-weight protein, and urinary β2 -MG is one of the most useful and critical indicators for the early detection of renal tubular dysfunction. However, very little research has been published concerning the long-term observation of Cd-induced adverse health effects. As such, this follow-up study was conducted for 28 years to clarify the relationship between the concentration of Cd and β2 -MG in the urine of 28 inhabitants (14 male and 14 female) living in the Kakehashi River basin, Ishikawa prefecture (Japan), previously one of the most highly Cd-polluted regions in this country. All subjects were over 60 years old in 2014 and participated in all six health examinations conducted over 28 years (1986-2014). Urine was collected at the appropriate time and kept frozen to analyze urinary Cd and β2 -MG concentrations. The urinary Cd concentration was found to decrease by nearly half between 1986 and 2008 in both male and female subjects, whereas it increased significantly from 2008 to 2014 in males. In contrast, urinary β2 -MG concentrations tended to increase over the 28-year study period in both sexes. Urinary Cd and β2 -MG concentrations in females were significantly higher than those in males in this Cd-polluted region. Age is more strongly associated with urinary β2 -MG concentration than recent Cd body burden. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Duc Phuc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Ho Dung Manh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lac Hong University, No. 10, Huynh Van Nghe, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai, Vietnam
| | - Le Thai Anh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nguyen Thi Phuong Oanh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Rie Okamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Akie Ichimori
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nogawa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuoku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuoku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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Rosati MV, Montuori L, Caciari T, Sacco C, Marrocco M, Tomei G, Scala B, Sancini A, Anzelmo V, Bonomi S, Tomei F. Correlation between urinary cadmium and thyroid hormones in outdoor workers exposed to urban stressors. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; 32:1978-1986. [PMID: 26408504 DOI: 10.1177/0748233715602833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate whether exposure to low concentrations of cadmium (Cd) can have effects on the thyroid hormone level of outdoor workers exposed to urban pollutants. METHODS The study was conducted on a final sample of 277 individuals (184 males and 93 females). The environmental monitoring of Cd was evaluated through the use of portable dosimeters, while the biological monitoring was achieved through the assessment of urinary Cd and thyroid hormones. The total sample was divided according to sex and task. The Pearson's correlation coefficient among the variables was calculated after subdivision on the basis of sex and task. The multiple linear regression was performed to take into account the major confounding factors. RESULTS Statistical tests showed a negative correlation between urinary Cd levels and free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine and a positive correlation between urinary Cd and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. CONCLUSIONS Our early results seem to point out that occupational exposure to low concentrations of Cd present in urban air affects the thyroid hormone levels in exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Valeria Rosati
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucio Montuori
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Caciari
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Carmina Sacco
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Mariasilvia Marrocco
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Tomei
- Department of Psychiatric and Psychological Science, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Scala
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Sancini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Anzelmo
- Institute of Public Health, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Cattolica del Sacro Cuore", Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Bonomi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Tomei
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Medical-Legal and the Orthopedics, Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Jenny-Burri J, Haldimann M, Brüschweiler BJ, Bochud M, Burnier M, Paccaud F, Dudler V. Cadmium body burden of the Swiss population. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1265-72. [PMID: 26062765 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1051137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Urinary cadmium (Cd) excretion was measured within a representative Swiss collective. With a median of 0.23 µg/24 h (n = 1409) and the 95th percentile at 0.81 µg/24 h, no increased health risk for the general non-exposed population was identified. The independent variables Age, BMI and Smoking habit had a significant effect on urinary Cd excretion. No association was found with the region of residence and sex. A subsample comparison between 24-h and spot urines of the same subjects (n = 90) did not reveal an evident concentration difference for both creatinine-adjusted sample types. Dependencies on age and gender were observed for creatinine, which consequently impacts on the creatinine normalisation of urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Jenny-Burri
- a Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office , Risk Assessment Division , Bern , Switzerland
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Zhang C, Liang Y, Lei L, Zhu G, Chen X, Jin T, Wu Q. Hypermethylations of RASAL1 and KLOTHO is associated with renal dysfunction in a Chinese population environmentally exposed to cadmium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:78-85. [PMID: 23665422 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd) can affect both DNA methylation and renal function, but there are few examples of the association between epigenetic markers and Cd-induced kidney damage. It has been suggested that hypermethylation of the genes RASAL1 and KLOTHO is associated with renal fibrogenesis. To investigate whether hypermethylation of RASAL1 and KLOTHO in peripheral blood DNA can be associated with Cd exposure and/or Cd-induced renal dysfunction, the degrees of methylation of RASAL1 and KLOTHO in peripheral blood DNA from 81 residents in Cd-polluted and non-polluted areas were measured using bisulfate-PCR-pyrosequencing. Changes in blood cadmium (BCd), urinary cadmium (UCd), and kidney parameters were measured, and the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated. The levels of BCd and UCd correlated positively with the levels of DNA methylation in RASAL1 and in KLOTHO. The more heavily exposed residents (BCd, 4.23-13.22μg/L; UCd, 8.65-32.90μg/g creatinine) exhibited obvious renal dysfunction. Notably, when Cd concentration in blood and urine was adjusted, the increased methylation level in RASAL1 was inversely correlated with eGFR (P<0.01) but the relationship between hypermethylation of KLOTHO and eGFR was not statistically significant. The methylation of RASAL1 increased along with the increased abnormal prevalence of eGFR. Our findings suggest that Cd exposure can induce the hypermethylation of RASAL1 and KLOTHO. Hypermethylation of RASAL1 may be an indicator of the progress for chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 130 DongAn Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Suwazono Y, Nogawa K, Uetani M, Miura K, Sakata K, Okayama A, Ueshima H, Stamler J, Nakagawa H. Application of hybrid approach for estimating the benchmark dose of urinary cadmium for adverse renal effects in the general population of Japan. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 31:89-93. [PMID: 20836141 PMCID: PMC3010323 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We used an updated hybrid approach to estimate the benchmark doses and their 95% lower confidence limits (BMDL) for cadmium-induced renal effects in humans. Participants were 828 inhabitants (410 men, 418 women), aged 40-59 years who lived in three areas without any known environmental cadmium pollution. We measured urinary cadmium (U-Cd) as a marker of exposure, and urinary protein, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) as markers of renal effects. For urinary protein, the BMDL ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 µg g⁻¹ creatinine (cre) and approximately 1.6 µg per 24 h in men, and from 1.9 to 3.4 µg g⁻¹ cre and 2.0 µg per 24 h in women. For the renal tubular markers β2-MG and NAG, the BMDL for U-Cd ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 µg g⁻¹ cre and from 0.8 to 1.7 µg per 24 h in men, and from 0.6 to 2.3 µg g⁻¹ cre and from 0.6 to 2.1 µg per 24 h in women. The lowest BMDL for urinary cadmium (0.6 µg g⁻¹ cre) was somewhat lower than average urinary cadmium in Japanese older population. These results suggest the importance of measures to decrease cadmium exposure in the general population of Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Suwazono
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuoku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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Amzal B, Julin B, Vahter M, Wolk A, Johanson G, Akesson A. Population toxicokinetic modeling of cadmium for health risk assessment. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117:1293-301. [PMID: 19672411 PMCID: PMC2721875 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is a widespread environmental pollutant that has been shown to exert toxic effects on kidney and bones in humans after long-term exposure. Urinary cadmium concentration is considered a good biomarker of accumulated cadmium in kidney, and diet is the main source of cadmium among nonsmokers. OBJECTIVE Modeling the link between urinary cadmium and dietary cadmium intake is a key step in the risk assessment of long-term cadmium exposure. There is, however, little knowledge on how this link may vary, especially for susceptible population strata. METHODS We used a large population-based study (the Swedish Mammography Cohort), with repeated dietary intake data covering a period of 20 years, to compare estimated dietary cadmium intake with urinary cadmium concentrations on an individual basis. A modified version of the Nordberg-Kjellström model and a one-compartment model were evaluated in terms of their predictions of urinary cadmium. We integrated the models and quantified the between-person variability of cadmium half-life in the population. Finally, sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to illustrate how the latter model could serve as a robust tool supporting the risk assessment of cadmium in humans. RESULTS The one-compartment population model appeared to be an adequate modeling option to link cadmium intake to urinary cadmium and to describe the population variability. We estimated the cadmium half-life to be about 11.6 years, with about 25% population variability. CONCLUSIONS Population toxicokinetic models can be robust and useful tools for risk assessment of chemicals, because they allow quantification and integration of population variability in toxicokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Amzal
- Assessment Methodology Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy.
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Suwazono Y, Sand S, Vahter M, Filipsson AF, Skerfving S, Lidfeldt J, Akesson A. Benchmark dose for cadmium-induced renal effects in humans. Environ Health Perspect 2006; 114:1072-6. [PMID: 16835061 PMCID: PMC1513341 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our goal in this study was to explore the use of a hybrid approach to calculate benchmark doses (BMDs) and their 95% lower confidence bounds (BMDLs) for renal effects of cadmium in a population with low environmental exposure. METHODS Morning urine and blood samples were collected from 820 Swedish women 53-64 years of age. We measured urinary cadmium (U-Cd) and tubular effect markers [N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) and human complex-forming protein (protein HC) ] in 790 women and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR; based on serum cystatin C) in 700 women. Age, body mass index, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and blood lead levels were used as covariates for estimated GFR. BMDs/BMDLs corresponding to an additional risk (benchmark response) of 5 or 10% were calculated (the background risk at zero exposure was set to 5%) . The results were compared with the estimated critical concentrations obtained by applying logistic models used in previous studies on the present data. RESULTS For both NAG and protein HC, the BMDs (BMDLs) of U-Cd were 0.5-1.1 (0.4-0.8) microg/L (adjusted for specific gravity of 1.015 g/mL) and 0.6-1.1 (0.5-0.8) microg/g creatinine. For estimated GFR, the BMDs (BMDLs) were 0.8-1.3 (0.5-0.9) microg/L adjusted for specific gravity and 1.1-1.8 (0.7-1.2) microg/g creatinine. CONCLUSION The obtained benchmark doses of U-Cd were lower than the critical concentrations previously reported. The critical dose level for glomerular effects was only slightly higher than that for tubular effects. We suggest that the hybrid approach is more appropriate for estimation of the critical U-Cd concentration, because the choice of cutoff values in logistic models largely influenced the obtained critical U-Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Suwazono
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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