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Srivastava S, Cahill DM, Conlan XA, Adholeya A. A novel in vitro whole plant system for analysis of polyphenolics and their antioxidant potential in cultivars of Ocimum basilicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10064-10075. [PMID: 25275827 DOI: 10.1021/jf502709e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants are an important source for medicinal compounds. Chemical screening and selection is critical for identification of compounds of interest. Ocimum basilicum (Basil) is a rich source of polyphenolics and exhibits high diversity, therefore bioprospecting of a suitable cultivar is a necessity. This study reports on the development of a true to type novel "in vitro system" and its comparison with a conventional system for screening and selection of cultivars for high total phenolics, individual polyphenolics, and antioxidant content. We have shown for the first time using online acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence that extracts from Ocimum basilicum showed antioxidant potential. The current study identified the cultivar specific composition of polyphenolics and their antioxidant properties. Further, a distinct relationship between plant morphotype and polyphenolic content was also found. Of the 15 cultivars examined, "Holy Green", "Red Rubin", and "Basil Genovese" were identified as high polyphenolic producing cultivars while "Subja" was determined to be a low producer. The "in vitro system" enabled differentiation of the cultivars in their morphology, polyphenolic content, and antioxidant activity and is a cheap and efficient method for bioprospecting studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Srivastava
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) , DS Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
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Lee KJ, Song NY, Oh YC, Cho WK, Ma JY. Isolation and Bioactivity Analysis of Ethyl Acetate Extract from Acer tegmentosum Using In Vitro Assay and On-Line Screening HPLC-ABTS(+) System. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:150509. [PMID: 25386382 PMCID: PMC4216704 DOI: 10.1155/2014/150509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Acer tegmentosum (3 kg) was extracted using hot water, and the freeze-dried extract powder was partitioned successively using dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), butyl alcohol (n-BuOH), and water. From the EA extract fraction (1.24 g), five phenolic compounds were isolated by the silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Based on spectroscopic methods such as (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, and LC/MS the chemical structures of the compounds were confirmed as feniculin (1), avicularin (2), (+)-catechin (3), (-)-epicatechin (4), and 6'-O-galloyl salidroside (5). Moreover, a rapid on-line screening HPLC-ABTS(+) system for individual bioactivity of the EA-soluble fraction (five phenolic compounds) was developed. The results indicated that compounds 1 and 2 were first isolated from the A. tegmentosum. The anti-inflammatory activities and on-line screening HPLC-ABTS(+) assay method of these compounds in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages were rapid and efficient for the investigation of bioactivity of A. tegmentosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Jin Lee
- Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Young Song
- Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - You Chang Oh
- Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Q, Xu L, Zhou Z, Yang L, Wang Q, Zhang B. A comparison study of in-column and on-column detection for electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1362:225-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ding XP, Zhang CL, Qi J, Sun LQ, Qin MJ, Yu BY. The Spectrum-Effect integrated fingerprint of Polygonum cuspidatum based on HPLC-diode array detection-flow injection-chemiluminescence. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 11:546-52. [PMID: 24359782 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To establish the Spectrum-Effect integrated fingerprint of Polygonum cuspidatum to evaluate the quality of P. cuspidatum. METHODS An on-line HPLC-DAD-flow injection chemiluminescence (FICL) method was developed to investigate the quality of P. cuspidatum from different habitats based on the established Spectrum-Effect integrated fingerprint. RESULTS Nineteen batches of samples of P. cuspidatum were evaluated for the similarity of their chromatographic and free radical scavenging fingerprints, and the results compared. Main antioxidants were estimated by regression analysis between peak areas of thirteen compounds and their activities. Some active compounds were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS. CONSULSIONS The results indicated that main antioxidants in P. cuspidatum could be rapidly screened by the established Spectrum-Effect integrated fingerprint based on on-line HPLC-DAD-FICL, and would be more efficient and objective method to evaluate the quality of P. cuspidatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Ding
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Cui-Ling Zhang
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beng Bu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Qiong Sun
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Min-Jian Qin
- Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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55
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Forsberg EM, Brennan JD. Bio-Solid-Phase Extraction/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Bioactive Compounds in Mixtures. Anal Chem 2014; 86:8457-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5022166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erica M. Forsberg
- Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - John D. Brennan
- Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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Kongstad KT, Wubshet SG, Johannesen A, Kjellerup L, Winther AML, Jäger AK, Staerk D. High-resolution screening combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR for identification of fungal plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase inhibitors from plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5595-5602. [PMID: 24830509 DOI: 10.1021/jf501605z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Crude extracts of 33 plant species were assessed for fungal plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPase inhibition. This led to identification of 18 extracts showing more than 95% inhibition at a concentration of 7.5 mg/mL and/or a concentration-dependent activity profile. These extracts were selected for semi-high-resolution fungal PM H(+)-ATPase inhibition screening, and, on the basis of these results, Haplocoelum foliolosum (Hiern) Bullock and Sauvagesia erecta L. were selected for investigation by high-resolution fungal PM H(+)-ATPase inhibition screening. Structural analysis performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry-solid-phase extraction-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR) led to identification of chebulagic acid (1) and tellimagrandin II (2) from H. foliolosum. Preparative-scale isolation of the two metabolites allowed determination of IC50 values for PM H(+)-ATPase, and growth inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Chebulagic acid and tellimagrandin II are both potent inhibitors of the PM H(+)-ATPase with inhibitory effect on the growth of S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T Kongstad
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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57
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Zhang Y, Shi S, Chen X, Peng M. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles coupled with mass spectrometry for screening and identification of cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors from natural products. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 960:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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58
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Addition of reagents to the sheath liquid: A novel concept in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1343:182-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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59
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Bartoszek A, Kusznierewicz B, Namieśnik J. HPLC-coupled post-column derivatization aims at characterization and monitoring of plant phytocomplexes, not at assessing their biological properties. J Food Compost Anal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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60
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Pérez-Bonilla M, Salido S, van Beek TA, Altarejos J. Radical-scavenging compounds from olive tree (Olea europaea L.) wood. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:144-51. [PMID: 24328093 DOI: 10.1021/jf403998t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to complete knowledge on the chemical composition and radical-scavenging activity of olive tree wood. Two new monoterpene glycosides, (-)-oleuropeic acid 6'-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl ester (6a) and (-)-perillic acid 1'-O-β-D-primeverosyl ester (8), together with the known compounds (-)-oleuropeic acid (1), (-)-olivil (2), the aldehydic form of oleuropein aglycone (3), (+)-1-hydroxypinoresinol 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), (-)-oleuropeic acid 1'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), (-)-oleuropeic acid 6'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (6b), and (-)-olivil 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract. The radical scavengers found (2-4 and 7) were detected and isolated with the help of the online HPLC-DAD-DPPH/ABTS technique. Compounds 2-4 and 7 displayed a higher antioxidative effect against the free radical DPPH than the reference BHT and lower than hydroxytyrosol, whereas compounds 1, 5, 6a, 6b, and 8 showed no activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Pérez-Bonilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén , Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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61
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High-throughput and sensitive screening of compounds with deoxyribonucleic acid-binding activity by a high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry-fluorescence detection technique using palmatine as a fluorescence probe. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1323:123-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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62
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Stencel LM, Leadbeater NE. Application of a new interface for rapid optimisation of bio-catalysed processes: proteolytic digestion and an enzyme-catalysed transesterification as examples. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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63
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Wiese S, Wubshet SG, Nielsen J, Staerk D. Coupling HPLC-SPE-NMR with a microplate-based high-resolution antioxidant assay for efficient analysis of antioxidants in food – Validation and proof-of-concept study with caper buds. Food Chem 2013; 141:4010-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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64
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Sözgen Başkan K, Tütem E, Özer N, Apak R. Spectrophotometric and chromatographic assessment of contributions of carotenoids and chlorophylls to the total antioxidant capacities of plant foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11371-81. [PMID: 24168293 DOI: 10.1021/jf403356h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids and chlorophylls are photosynthetic compounds and also efficient antioxidants. This study aims to identify and quantify carotenoids and chlorophylls in some vegetables (carrot, tomato, spinach), to measure the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of these samples with two spectrophotometric methods, to correlate TAC data with carotenoid structure, and to compare the TAC results with HPLC findings. Separation of the individual antioxidant pigments was achieved on a C30 column using a developed gradient elution program involving methanol-acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) with 0.1% (v/v) triethylamine (TEA) (A) and acetone (B) mobile phases. Total antioxidant capacities of the acetone extracts of studied samples, in trolox and β-carotene equivalents, were in the order: spinach > tomato > carrot by both CUPRAC and ABTS methods. CUPRAC responded favorably to both chlorophylls a and b. The TAC calculated with aid of combined HPLC-spectrophotometry was very close to the spectrophotometric value (93-108%) for real samples and synthetic mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Sözgen Başkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University , 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
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65
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Wubshet SG, Schmidt JS, Wiese S, Staerk D. High-resolution screening combined with HPLC-HRMS-SPE-NMR for identification of potential health-promoting constituents in sea aster and searocket--new Nordic food ingredients. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8616-23. [PMID: 23962163 DOI: 10.1021/jf402949y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sea aster (Aster tripolium L.) and searocket (Cakile maritima Scop.), potential ingredients in the New Nordic Diet, were analyzed by high-resolution radical scavenging and high-resolution α-glucosidase inhibition assays. Results from the two bioactivity profiles were used to guide subsequent structural analysis toward constituents with potential health-promoting effects. Structural analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry-solid-phase extraction and automated tube transfer nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, that is, HPLC-HRMS-SPE-ttNMR. High-resolution mass spectrometry together with detailed analysis of one- and two-dimensional proton detected NMR experiments enabled unambiguous assignment of the targeted analytes. This revealed a series of caffeoyl esters (1, 2, 5), flavonoid glycosides (3, 4, 6, 11-15), flavonoids (7-9), sinapate esters (10, 16, 17), and sinapinic acid (18) associated with radical scavenging and/or α-glucosidase inhibition. In vitro assays implemented in this study showed that sea aster holds potential as a future functional food ingredient for lowering postprandial blood glucose level for diabetics, but further investigations are needed to prove the effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sileshi G Wubshet
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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66
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Liu L, Shi S, Chen X, Peng M. Analysis of tyrosinase binders from Glycyrrhiza uralensis root: Evaluation and comparison of tyrosinase immobilized magnetic fishing-HPLC and reverse ultrafiltration-HPLC. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 932:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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67
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Zhang Y, Shi S, Guo J, You Q, Feng D. On-line surface plasmon resonance-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of human serum albumin binders from Radix Astragali. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1293:92-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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68
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Zhang Y, Xiao S, Sun L, Ge Z, Fang F, Zhang W, Wang Y, Cheng Y. Rapid screening of bioactive compounds from natural products by integrating 5-channel parallel chromatography coupled with on-line mass spectrometry and microplate based assays. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 777:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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69
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Brusotti G, Cesari I, Dentamaro A, Caccialanza G, Massolini G. Isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds from plant resources: the role of analysis in the ethnopharmacological approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 87:218-28. [PMID: 23591140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical research based on ethnopharmacology is considered an effective approach in the discovery of novel chemicals entities with potential as drug leads. Plants/plant extracts/decoctions, used by folklore traditions for treating several diseases, represent a source of chemical entities but no information are available on their nature. Starting from this viewpoint, the aim of this review is to address natural-products chemists to the choice of the best methodologies, which include the combination of extraction/sample preparation tools and analytical techniques, for isolating and characterizing bioactive secondary metabolites from plants, as potential lead compounds in the drug discovery process. The work is distributed according to the different steps involved in the ethnopharmacological approach (extraction, sample preparation, biological screening, etc.), discussing the analytical techniques employed for the isolation and identification of compound/s responsible for the biological activity claimed in the traditional use (separation, spectroscopic, hyphenated techniques, etc.). Particular emphasis will be on herbal medicines applications and developments achieved from 2010 up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brusotti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Center for Studies and Researches in Ethnopharmacy (C.I.St.R.E.), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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70
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HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in Ilex paraguariensis beverages and on-line evaluation of individual antioxidant activity. Molecules 2013; 18:3859-71. [PMID: 23538900 PMCID: PMC6270535 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18043859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
“Chimarrão” and “tererê” are maté (dried, toasted and milled Ilex paraguariensis leaves and stemlets) beverages widely consumed in South America. This paper describes the application of HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS method for the identification and quantification of caffeoylquinic acids (CQA), flavonol glycosides and purine alkaloids in these beverages. The beverage samples were prepared from commercial lots of maté from Southern Brazil. The caffeoylquinic acids, 4,5-diCQA, 3-CQA, 5-CQA, and 4-CQA were the major compounds, having 238–289, 153–242, 183–263, and 123–188 μg/mL, respectively, for chimarrão and 206–265, 122–218, 164–209, 103–169 μg/mL, respectively, for tererê. Caffeine also had high amounts while glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol were found at much lower levels. The individual antioxidant activity was also determined by an on-line system that measured their ABTS•+ radical scavenging activity, showing that the antioxidant capacity was not proportional to the concentrations of the phenolic compounds. 3-CQA, quercetina-3-O-ramnosylglucoside, and quercetina-3-O-glucoside were the major contributors to the antioxidant capacity, although the quercetin glycosides had concentrations less than 10 times that of 3-CQA.
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71
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Shi SY, Peng MJ, Zhang YP, Peng S. Combination of preparative HPLC and HSCCC methods to separate phosphodiesterase inhibitors from Eucommia ulmoides bark guided by ultrafiltration-based ligand screening. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:4213-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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72
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Development of a bioassay-coupled HPLC-SPE-ttNMR platform for identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors in apple peel (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Food Chem 2012; 135:1692-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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73
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Tao Y, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Wang Y. Rapid screening and identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from mulberry leaves using enzyme-immobilized magnetic beads coupled with HPLC/MS and NMR. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:148-55. [PMID: 22674728 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
α-Glucosidase plays important roles in the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine. The inhibition of α-glucosidase is regarded as a potential way to treat diabetes. We established an approach to screening α-glucosidase inhibitors from medicinal plants using enzyme-coated magnetic bead. Using 1-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide as reaction reagents, α-glucosidase was immobilized on the magnetic beads by covalent linkage. The conjugation of α-glucosidase to the magnetic beads was characterized using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The proposed approach was applied in fishing potential α-glucosidase inhibitors from extract of Morus alba, a Chinese medicinal plant. The structures of potential active compounds were identified via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results demonstrated that two flavonoids (isoquercitrin and astragalin) could bind to α-glucosidase, which was confirmed via conventional α-glucosidase inhibitory assay. Our findings suggested that enzyme-coated magnetic beads may be suitable for discovering active compounds from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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74
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Leitao C, Marchioni E, Bergaentzlé M, Zhao M, Didierjean L, Miesch L, Holder E, Miesch M, Ennahar S. Fate of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of barley throughout malting and brewing. J Cereal Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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75
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Dahmani-Hamzaoui N, Salido S, Linares-Palomino PJ, Baaliouamer A, Altarejos J. On-Line Radical Scavenging Detection and Characterization of Antioxidants from Artemisia herba-alba. Helv Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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76
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Duarte K, Rocha-Santos TA, Freitas AC, Duarte AC. Analytical techniques for discovery of bioactive compounds from marine fungi. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Development of on-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-biochemical detection methods as tools in the identification of bioactives. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3101-3133. [PMID: 22489144 PMCID: PMC3317705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical detection (BCD) methods are commonly used to screen plant extracts for specific biological activities in batch assays. Traditionally, bioactives in the most active extracts were identified through time-consuming bio-assay guided fractionation until single active compounds could be isolated. Not only are isolation procedures often tedious, but they could also lead to artifact formation. On-line coupling of BCD assays to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is gaining ground as a high resolution screening technique to overcome problems associated with pre-isolation by measuring the effects of compounds post-column directly after separation. To date, several on-line HPLC-BCD assays, applied to whole plant extracts and mixtures, have been published. In this review the focus will fall on enzyme-based, receptor-based and antioxidant assays.
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78
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Shi S, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Liu Q, Peng M, Xiong X. Systematic separation and purification of 18 antioxidants from Pueraria lobata flower using HSCCC target-guided by DPPH–HPLC experiment. Sep Purif Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2012.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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79
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Comparative evaluation of three methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography analysis combined with a 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay for the rapid screening of antioxidants from Pueraria lobata flowers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2965-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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80
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Marchal A, Waffo-Téguo P, Génin E, Mérillon JM, Dubourdieu D. Identification of new natural sweet compounds in wine using centrifugal partition chromatography-gustatometry and Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9629-37. [PMID: 22044220 DOI: 10.1021/ac202499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sweetness contributes notably to the taste-balance of dry wines and increases during oak-barrel aging owing to the release of natural sweeteners from wood. The search for such taste-active molecules, which are sometimes present at very low concentrations in wine or other complex matrixes, requires both reliable purification tools and powerful identification techniques. Here, we report the development of an original inductive method using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and sensorial analysis. This method, called CPC-gustatometry, was implemented to isolate a sweet fraction with only four compounds from a complex oak wood extract. The recently developed Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS, Orbitrap analyzer) was used jointly with two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D (1)H and (13)C NMR) to obtain the structural elucidation of the purified compounds. The tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra obtained with resonant and nonresonant fragmentation modes were compared, thus providing complementary information about the molecular structure. Two oleanane-type triterpenoids substituted with galloyl and glucosyl moieties were identified, one of which exhibits sweet properties. We term these compounds which have never been reported, Quercotriterpenoside I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Marchal
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577, Unité de Recherche OENOLOGIE, Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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81
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Kusznierewicz B, Piasek A, Bartoszek A, Namiesnik J. Application of a commercially available derivatization instrument and commonly used reagents to HPLC on-line determination of antioxidants. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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82
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Li YJ, Chen J, Li Y, Li Q, Zheng YF, Fu Y, Li P. Screening and characterization of natural antioxidants in four Glycyrrhiza species by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8181-91. [PMID: 21968349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Licorice, derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of several species of genus Glycyrrhiza L. (Leguminosae family), has been traditionally used in herbal medicine for over 4000 years. In recent years, the interest in antioxidative constituents in licorice has greatly increased. In this work, a new method based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) spiking test combined with HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS/MS) analysis was developed to screen and identify the antioxidants in licorice. The results of the method validation indicated that the developed method was reliable and repeatable. Compared with DPPH on-line method, the HPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS method combined with DPPH spiking test offered much higher sensitivity and resolution. Using this method, 35 radical scavengers were screened from four Glycyrrhiza species (G. inflata, G. glabra, G. pallidiflora and G. uralensis), and 21 of them were unambiguously or tentatively identified by HPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS. Among the 21 identified flavonoids, 10 compounds had been reported to possess antioxidative activities in the previous studies, and the radical scavenging activities of the other 11 compounds were reported for the first time. The effects of six purified flavonoids on DPPH radical and lipid peroxidation were evaluated for validation of the developed method. The results indicated that HPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS coupled with DPPH treatment is an efficient and powerful method to discover the potential antioxidative compounds from the complex natural product mixtures. In this study, the identified components with free radical scavenging activity, would help to explain the therapeutic benefit of licorice in the treatment of human disease associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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83
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Kusznierewicz B, Piasek A, Bartoszek A, Namiesnik J. The optimisation of analytical parameters for routine profiling of antioxidants in complex mixtures by HPLC coupled post-column derivatisation. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:392-402. [PMID: 21381145 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The wide application of natural and artificial antioxidants in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries as well as the recognition of the importance of food antioxidants for supporting human health have created a demand for reliable and industrially applicable methods of determining antioxidative activity. This requirement can be fulfilled with the recently proposed HPLC-post-column derivatisation approach, enabling rapid measurements of antioxidative potential along with profiling antioxidants in complex mixtures. OBJECTIVE To employ the commercially available post-column derivatisation device for the on-line detection of antioxidants and to optimise analytical parameters enabling its application for routine profiling of antioxidants in complex mixtures such as those of plant or food origin. METHODOLOGY The mixtures of standards and fruit extracts were resolved using an optimised HPLC method followed by the on-line derivatisation of analytes in a PCX post-column derivatisation instrument. Such parameters as the type of indicator reagent (ABTS, DPPH, Folin-Ciocalteu), its concentration and the temperature of the derivatisation reaction were investigated. The determinations of the Trolox equivalents (TE) values were compared with those obtained by corresponding bulk spectrophotometric tests. RESULTS The study confirms that the commercial HPLC-coupled post-column derivatisation instruments are suitable for routine on-line detection of antioxidants in complex mixtures and the determination of their TE values. The analytical parameters optimised here appear to represent a ready-to-use toolbox for the food and pharmaceutical industries, enabling the monitoring of bioactive substances along the production line and during storage, and the characterisation of plant material by creating chromatographic profiles supplemented with antioxidant fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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84
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Li YJ, Chen J, Li Y, Li P. Identification and quantification of free radical scavengers in the flower buds of Lonicera species by online HPLC-DPPH assay coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:449-57. [PMID: 21882208 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Flos Lonicerae, derived from the flower buds of several medicinal Lonicera species, is a commonly used herbal medicine with multiple pharmacological activities, one of the major ones being antioxidant activity. In this study, free radical scavengers in the flower buds of six Lonicera species were screened, identified and quantified by online HPLC-DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay coupled with LC quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS/MS). The antioxidants were firstly screened from the complex plant matrix by the online HPLC-DPPH assay. Then the active compounds were identified by LC Q-TOF MS/MS, and the possible fragmentation pathways were proposed. The reactivity of antioxidants available was investigated using an internal standard method by online LC assay. The contents of 12 antioxidants were also determined or estimated by HPLC coupled with diode array detector. The total antioxidant capability determined by the online method was used as the marker to evaluate the quality of Flos Lonicerae. The results were important to clarify the material basis and therapeutic mechanism of Flos Lonicerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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85
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Functional proteomics: application of mass spectrometry to the study of enzymology in complex mixtures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:625-45. [PMID: 21769551 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent developments in mass spectrometry-based applications dealing with functional proteomics with special emphasis on enzymology. The introduction of mass spectrometry into this research field has led to an enormous increase in knowledge in recent years. A major challenge is the identification of "biologically active substances" in complex mixtures. These biologically active substances are, on the one hand, potential regulators of enzymes. Elucidation of function and identity of those regulators may be accomplished by different strategies, which are discussed in this review. The most promising approach thereby seems to be the one-step procedure, because it enables identification of the functionality and identity of biologically active substances in parallel and thus avoids misinterpretation. On the other hand, besides the detection of regulators, the identification of endogenous substrates for known enzymes is an emerging research field, but in this case studies are quite rare. Moreover, the term biologically active substances may also encompass proteins with diverse biological functions. Elucidation of the functionality of those-so far unknown-proteins in complex mixtures is another branch of functional proteomics and those investigations will also be discussed in this review.
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86
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Shi SY, Zhang YP, Zhou HH, Huang KL, Jiang XY. Screening and identification of radical scavengers from Neo-Taraxacum siphonanthum by online rapid screening method and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2011; 31:233-49. [PMID: 20623409 DOI: 10.1080/10739149.2010.488616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An online rapid screening method, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD)-radical scavenging detection (RSD)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectroscopy (MS)/MS system, was developed for the screening and identification of radical scavengers from Neo-Taraxacum siphonanthum, a new species found in China in 1989. For further characterization, the target compounds were isolated by silica column chromatography, preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), HSCCC, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and elucidated on the basis of ultraviolet (UV), ESI-MS/MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, as well as the chemical analysis. Eighteen antioxidative polyphenols (5 caffeic acid derivatives and 13 flavonoid derivatives) were characterized from Neo-T. siphonanthum. The distribution of all compounds was discussed in a chemosystematic context, which suggested that the genera Neo-Taraxacum and Taraxacum might relate chemosystematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yun Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.
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87
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On-line high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry-chemiluminescence assay of radical scavengers in Epimedium. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1227-35. [PMID: 21269633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An on-line analysis method for the simultaneous detection and identification of radical scavenging compounds in plant extracts was developed by combining HPLC with hydrogen dioxide radical scavenging and HPLC-DAD-MS-CL system. The structural identification and activity characteristics of various constituents could be rapidly achieved by the on-line assay of UV, MS and CL in one run. In 4 species of Epimedium studied 32 compounds, including phenolic acids, 8-isopentenyl-flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid glycosides containing a ortho-hydroxyl group, were identified by comparison with authentic standards and published mass data. Among these compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoid glycosides containing an ortho-hydroxyl group could obviously inhibit CL, which suggested their strong radical scavenging activity. These four species each exhibited different active properties, which might correlate to their respective quality. The results indicated that the on-line HPLC-DAD-MS-CL system would be a potential method to rapidly and sensitively screen radical scavengers in herbal medicines, and could display an integrated fingerprint based on different detectors.
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88
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Zhang CL, Ding XP, Hu ZF, Wang XT, Chen LL, Qi J, Yu BY. Comparative Study of Puerariae lobatae and Puerariae thomsonii by HPLC-Diode Array Detection-Flow Injection-Chemiluminescence Coupled with HPLC-Electrospray Ionization-MS. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2011; 59:541-5. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.59.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ling Zhang
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beng Bu Medical College
| | - Xiao-Ping Ding
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Zheng-Fang Hu
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Xin-Tang Wang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University
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89
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Simultaneous Screening and Chemical Characterization of Bioactive Compounds Using LC-MS-Based Technologies (Affinity Chromatography). THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18384-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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90
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Umali AP, LeBoeuf SE, Newberry RW, Kim S, Tran L, Rome WA, Tian T, Taing D, Hong J, Kwan M, Heymann H, Anslyn EV. Discrimination of flavonoids and red wine varietals by arrays of differential peptidic sensors. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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91
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Screening for antioxidants in complex matrices using high performance liquid chromatography with acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 684:134-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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92
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Use of countercurrent chromatography during isolation of 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucoside, a major antioxidant of Athrixia phylicoides. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:6179-86. [PMID: 21236437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Athrixia phylicoides, an indigenous South African herbal tea, has potential as a source of nutraceutical antioxidant extracts. Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) was employed as part of a multi-step process to isolate one of the major antioxidant compounds in A. phylicoides extracts. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was comparable to commercial nutraceutical extracts from Aspalathus linearis and Cyclopia spp. in a range of assays. The extracts were tested for radical scavenging (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) di-ammonium radical cation (ABTS·⁺) scavenging, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and iron chelating activity, as well as inhibition of microsomal lipid and linoleic acid emulsion oxidation. After extraction optimisation, the antioxidant activity of the major phenolic compounds in an A. phylicoides extract was determined using the on-line HPLC-diode-array-DPPH and -ABTS·⁺ radical scavenging assays. Major compounds reported for the first time included chlorogenic acid, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, several hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, including dicaffeoyl quinic acids, and an unidentified flavone-hexose. Finally, CCC was used in conjunction with liquid-liquid partitioning and semi-preparative reversed-phase HPLC to isolate 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (a major antioxidant) and quercetagetin-7-O-β-glucoside (a minor compound present in CCC fraction containing 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-β-glucoside) from an A. phylicoides extract. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were confirmed by LC high-resolution electrospray ionisation MS, as well as ¹H, ¹³C and 2D NMR spectroscopy. This is the first report of the isolation of these compounds from A. phylicoides.
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93
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Strategies for quality control of Chinese medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 55:802-9. [PMID: 21215546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chinese medicines (CM) have been attracting interest and acceptance in many countries. Quality control is vital for ensuring the safety and efficacy of CM. Usually, CM are used as whole plant and/or combination of several herbs, and multiple constituents are responsible for the therapeutic effects. Therefore, quality control of CM is very difficult. To date, the valid method for quantitatively evaluating the quality of CM is poor. In this article, the strategies for quantification, related to the markers, reference compounds and approaches, in quality control of CM were reviewed and discussed.
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94
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Zhang Y, Shi S, Wang Y, Huang K. Target-guided isolation and purification of antioxidants from Selaginella sinensis by offline coupling of DPPH-HPLC and HSCCC experiments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 879:191-6. [PMID: 21183411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Selaginella sinensis (Selaginellaceae) is used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of many kinds of chronic diseases. In this study, fractionation of the methanol extract of S. sinensis by different polarity solvents indicated the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited an potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with the IC(50) value of 44.9 μM. In order to evaluate the scientific basis, antioxidant peaks were firstly screened using DPPH spiking test through high performance liquid chromatography (DPPH-HPLC). Under the target-guidance of DPPH-HPLC experiment, two flavonoids and six biflavonoids, quercetin (1), apigenin (2), amentoflavone (3), robustaflavone (4), 2,3-dihydroamentaflavone (5), hinokiflavone (6), 4'-O-methyl-robustaflavone (7) and ginkgetin (8) were separated by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) method using n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (8:8:9:7) as the solvent system with purities 98.2%, 97.6%, 99.4%, 92.3%, 98.5%, 98.9% and 99.6%, respectively. The structures were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Antioxidant activity of eight isolated compounds was assessed by the radical scavenging effect on DPPH radical, compound 1 showed strongest antioxidant activities with IC(50) values of 3.2 μM, while compounds 2-8 showed weak antioxidant activities. This is the first report on simultaneous separation of eight antioxidant compounds from S. sinensis by HSCCC, moreover, apigenin and 4'-O-methyl-robustaflavone were first identified from this plant. Results of the present study indicated that the combinative method using DPPH-HPLC and HSCCC could be widely applied for rapid screening and isolating of antioxidants from complex TCM extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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95
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Advances in mass spectrometry-based post-column bioaffinity profiling of mixtures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:2655-68. [PMID: 21107824 PMCID: PMC3043236 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
In the screening of complex mixtures, for example combinatorial libraries, natural extracts, and metabolic incubations, different approaches are used for integrated bioaffinity screening. Four major strategies can be used for screening of bioactive mixtures for protein targets-pre-column and post-column off-line, at-line, and on-line strategies. The focus of this review is on recent developments in post-column on-line screening, and the role of mass spectrometry (MS) in these systems. On-line screening systems integrate separation sciences, mass spectrometry, and biochemical methodology, enabling screening for active compounds in complex mixtures. There are three main variants of on-line MS based bioassays: the mass spectrometer is used for ligand identification only; the mass spectrometer is used for both ligand identification and bioassay readout; or MS detection is conducted in parallel with at-line microfractionation with off-line bioaffinity analysis. On the basis of the different fields of application of on-line screening, the principles are explained and their usefulness in the different fields of drug research is critically evaluated. Furthermore, off-line screening is discussed briefly with the on-line and at-line approaches.
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96
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Augustyniak A, Bartosz G, Čipak A, Duburs G, Horáková L, Łuczaj W, Majekova M, Odysseos AD, Rackova L, Skrzydlewska E, Stefek M, Štrosová M, Tirzitis G, Venskutonis PR, Viskupicova J, Vraka PS, Žarković N. Natural and synthetic antioxidants: An updated overview. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1216-62. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.508495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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97
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Development of an online p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase binding assay and integration of LC-HR-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:1771-80. [PMID: 20730527 PMCID: PMC2943585 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A high-resolution screening method was developed for the p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase to detect and identify small-molecule binders. Its central role in inflammatory diseases makes this enzyme a very important drug target. The setup integrates separation by high-performance liquid chromatography with two parallel detection techniques. High-resolution mass spectrometry gives structural information to identify small molecules while an online enzyme binding detection method provides data on p38α binding. The separation step allows the individual assessment of compounds in a mixture and links affinity and structure information via the retention time. Enzyme binding detection was achieved with a competitive binding assay based on fluorescence enhancement which has a simple principle, is inexpensive, and is easy to interpret. The concentrations of p38α and the fluorescence tracer SK&F86002 were optimized as well as incubation temperature, formic acid content of the LC eluents, and the material of the incubation tubing. The latter notably improved the screening of highly lipophilic compounds. For optimization and validation purposes, the known kinase inhibitors BIRB796, TAK715, and MAPKI1 were used among others. The result is a high-quality assay with Z′ factors around 0.8, which is suitable for semi-quantitative affinity measurements and applicable to various binding modes. Furthermore, the integrated approach gives affinity data on individual compounds instead of averaged ones for mixtures. P38 α online screening platform ![]()
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98
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McDermott GP, Noonan LK, Mnatsakanyan M, Shalliker RA, Conlan XA, Barnett NW, Francis PS. High-performance liquid chromatography with post-column 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay: Methodological considerations and application to complex samples. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 675:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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99
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Ding XP, Wang XT, Xu T, Qi J, Wang H, Yu BY. Comparison of Two On-Line Analysis Techniques Used for the Screening of Antioxidants in EGb 761. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Wu L, Ding XP, Zhu DN, Yu BY, Yan YQ. Study on the radical scavengers in the traditional Chinese medicine formula shengmai san by HPLC-DAD coupled with chemiluminescence (CL) and ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:438-45. [PMID: 20137877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Shengmai San (SMS) has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in Asia for long-time. It has been reported that SMS can protect against oxidative stress and tune immune response in patients. In this paper, a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-chemiluminescence (HPLC-DAD-CL) method for on-line detection was successfully applied to screen antioxidants in complex SMS extracts. The H(2)O(2) scavenging activity of every fraction of SMS extracts was measured to evaluate each contribution to the total anti-oxidative activities of the prescription, followed by structures identification of the main active components by LC/MS/MS. HPLC-DAD-CL method was also applied for comparing the scavenging rates of main active components between the individual herbs and SMS. Interestingly, we found that the scavenging activities of main components detected in the individual herbs were different from those in SMS. The experimental data indicated that drug interactions during decocting process could result in the changes of the antioxidants' solubility. This study demonstrated that HPLC-DAD-CL on-line assay was a useful technique for rapidly screening and identifying bioactive components from complex multi-herbal prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
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