51
|
Perovani IS, Serpellone CO, de Oliveira ARM. An appraisal of experimental designs: Application to enantioselective capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1726-1743. [PMID: 33544902 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enantioresolution processes are vital tools for investigating the enantioselectivities of chiral compounds. An analyst resolves to optimize enantioresolution conditions once they are determined. Generally, optimization is conducted by a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. Although this approach may determine an adequate condition for the method, it does not often allow the estimation of the real optimum condition. Experimental designs are conducive for the optimization of enantioresolution methods via capillary electromigration techniques (CETs). They can efficiently extract information from the behavior of a method and enable the estimation of the real optimum condition. Furthermore, the application of the analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach to the development of CET-based enantioselective methods is a trend. This article (i) offers an overview of the application of experimental designs to the development of enantioselective methods from 2015 to mid-2020, (ii) reveals the experimental designs that are presently employed in CET-based enantioresolutions, and (iii) offers a critical point of view on how the different experimental designs can aid the optimization of enantioresolution processes by considering the method parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Icaro Salgado Perovani
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Serpellone
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigo Moraes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil.,National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14800-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Suliman FO, Al Burtomani SK, Elbashir AA, Schmitz OJ. Capillary electrophoresis and molecular modeling of the chiral separation of aromatic amino acids using α/β-cyclodextrin and 18-crown-6. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1800-1809. [PMID: 33539040 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this work, chiral separation of enantiomers of three amino acids was achieved using capillary electrophoresis technique with α-cyclodextrin (αCD) as a running buffer additive. Only tryptophan has exhibited baseline separation in the presence of αCD, while the enantiomers of the other two amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine, were only partially separated. The addition of 18-crown-6 (18C6) as a second additive imparted only slight improvement to the separation of all enantiomers. On the other hand, all three racemic amino acid mixtures demonstrated no indication of separation when the larger cavity cyclodextrin members, β- and γCD, are used as running buffer chiral additives. However, remarkable improvements in the separation of the enantiomers of phenylalanine and tyrosine were obtained when 18C6 is used together with βCD as a running buffer additive. Surprisingly, tryptophan enantiomers were not separated by the dual additive system of cyclodextrin and crown ether. Using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), all amino acids were found to form stable binary complexes with individual hosts as well as ternary compounds involving the crown ether and the cyclodextrin. Furthermore, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to build a clear picture about the interaction between the guest and the hosts. Most of these complexes remained stable throughout the simulation times, and the molecular dynamics study allowed better understanding of these supramolecular assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- FakhrEldin O Suliman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, 123, Oman
| | - Suad K Al Burtomani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, 123, Oman
| | - Abdulla A Elbashir
- University of Khartoum, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Khartoum, 11114, Sudan.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oliver J Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Cyclodextrins as mobile phase additives in open-tubular admicellar electrochromatography for achiral and chiral separations. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
54
|
de Koster N, Clark CP, Kohler I. Past, present, and future developments in enantioselective analysis using capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:38-57. [PMID: 32914880 PMCID: PMC7821218 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enantioseparation of chiral products has become increasingly important in a large diversity of academic and industrial applications. The separation of chiral compounds is inherently challenging and thus requires a suitable analytical technique that can achieve high resolution and sensitivity. In this context, CE has shown remarkable results so far. Chiral CE offers an orthogonal enantioselectivity and is typically considered less costly than chromatographic techniques, since only minute amounts of chiral selectors are needed. Several CE approaches have been developed for chiral analysis, including chiral EKC and chiral CEC. Enantioseparations by EKC benefit from the wide variety of possible pseudostationary phases that can be employed. Chiral CEC, on the other hand, combines chromatographic separation principles with the bulk fluid movement of CE, benefitting from reduced band broadening as compared to pressure-driven systems. Although UV detection is conventionally used for these approaches, MS can also be considered. CE-MS represents a promising alternative due to the increased sensitivity and selectivity, enabling the chiral analysis of complex samples. The potential contamination of the MS ion source in EKC-MS can be overcome using partial-filling and counter-migration techniques. However, chiral analysis using monolithic and open-tubular CEC-MS awaits additional method validation and a dedicated commercial interface. Further efforts in chiral CE are expected toward the improvement of existing techniques, the development of novel pseudostationary phases, and establishing the use of chiral ionic liquids, molecular imprinted polymers, and metal-organic frameworks. These developments will certainly foster the adoption of CE(-MS) as a well-established technique in routine chiral analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky de Koster
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Charles P. Clark
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Systems Biomedicine and PharmacologyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Kohler
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecular and Life SciencesVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Chen J, Gong Z, Tang W, Row KH, Qiu H. Carbon dots in sample preparation and chromatographic separation: Recent advances and future prospects. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
56
|
Xiong W, Lv Y, Peng B, Fu S, Duan A, Zhang M, Yuan L. Enantioselective resolutions by high‐performance liquid choromatography using chiral inorganic mesoporous silica. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan‐Qi Xiong
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming P.R. China
| | - Yun Lv
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming P.R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming P.R. China
| | - Shi‐Guo Fu
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming P.R. China
| | - Ai‐Hong Duan
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Kunming P.R. China
| | - Li‐Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry Yunnan Normal University Kunming P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Jin Y, Pan Y, Jin B, Jin D, Zhang C. (S)-1-(5-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid as a derivatization reagent for ultrasensitive detection of amine enantiomers by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to the chiral metabolite analysis of (R)-1-aminoindan in saliva. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113815. [PMID: 33328145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
(S)-1-(5-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (Pro-PPZ) was employed as a chiral derivatization reagent (CDR) for the efficient enantioseparation and ultrasensitive mass spectrometric detection of chiral amines. Pro-PPZ was prepared from the one-step reaction of 1-(5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)-4-methylpiperazine (PPZ) and l-proline. Two amines and two amino acid methyl esters were selected as model chiral amines, which were easily labeled with Pro-PPZ under mild reaction conditions (35 °C for 10 min) generating Pro-PPZ-amine derivatives. The resulting diastereomers were completely separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) using an ODS column (Rs = 3.4-17.0 for amines). Ultrasensitive detection limits on femtomolar level were obtained for the tested amines using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) chromatograms at a single monitoring ion, m/z 289 (0.1-5.0 fmol for amines). The practical metabolite analysis of (R)-1-aminoindan (R-AI) in saliva samples was performed by LC-MS/MS using the Pro-PPZ derivatization method. The method was validated in terms of precision, accuracy, and linearity. Using this method, R-AI concentrations in saliva were determined after a single oral administration of the drug rasagiline to healthy male and female subjects, but no (S)-1-aminoindan (S-AI) was detected, which suggesting that R-AI was not converted into S-enantiomer in the metabolic process. R-AI concentrations in four healthy volunteers ranged from 32.85 nM to 49.45 nM, with an average value of 43.76 nM. To date, there is no LC-MS (or MS/MS) method reported for the enantioselective determination of R-AI in human saliva samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youxi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Research Institute of Jilin Petrochemical Company, Petro China, Jilin, 132021, China
| | - Biao Jin
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Dongri Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Moein MM. Advancements of chiral molecularly imprinted polymers in separation and sensor fields: A review of the last decade. Talanta 2020; 224:121794. [PMID: 33379023 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since chiral recognition mechanism based on molecularly imprinted polymers immerged, it has assisted countless chemical and electrochemical analytical sample preparation techniques. It has done this by enhancing the enatioseparation abilities of these techniques. The preparation and optimization of chiral molecularly imprinted polymers (CMIPs) are two favored methods in the separation and sensor fields. This review aims to present an overview of advances in the preparation and application of CMIPs in analytical approaches in different available formats (eg. column, monolithic column, cartridge, membrane, nanomaterials, pipette tip and stir bar sorptive) over the last decade. In addition, progress in the preparation and development of CMIPs-based sensor fields have been also discussed. Finally, the main application challenges of CMIPs are also summarily explained, as well as upcoming prospects in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Moein
- Karolinska Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Akademiska stråket 1, S-171 64, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Akademiska stråket 1, S-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Application of chiral chromatography in radiopharmaceutical fields: A review. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1632:461611. [PMID: 33086153 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chiral column chromatography (CCC) is a revolutionary analytical methodology for the enantioseparation of novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracers in the primary stages of drug development. Due to the different behaviors of tracer enantiomers (e.g. toxicity, metabolism and side effects) in administrated subjects, their separation and purification is a challenging endeavor. Over the last three decades, different commercial chiral columns have been applied for the enantioseparation of PET-radioligand (PET-RL) or radiotracers (PET-RT), using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The categorization and reviewing of them is a vital topic. This review presents a brief overview of advances, applications, and future prospectives of CCC in radiopharmaceutical approaches. In addition, the effective chromatographic parameters and degravitation trends to enhance enantioseparation resolution are addressed. Moreover, the application and potential of chiral super fluidical chromatography (CSFC) as an alternative for enantioseparation in the field of radiopharmaceutical is discussed. Finally, the crucial application challenges of CCC are explained and imminent tasks are suggested.
Collapse
|
60
|
Cai K, Zhao H, Yin R, Lin Y, Lei B, Wang A, Pan W, Cai B, Gao W, Wang F. Chiral determination of nornicotine, anatabine and anabasine in tobacco by achiral gas chromatography with (1S)-(-)-camphanic chloride derivatization: Application to enantiomeric profiling of cultivars and curing processes. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1626:461361. [PMID: 32797840 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The alkaloid enantiomers are well-known to have different physiological and pharmacological effects, and to play an important role in enantioselectivity metabolism with enzymes catalysis in tobacco plants. Here, we developed an improved method for simultaneous and high-precision determination of the individual enantiomers of nornicotine, anatabine and anabasine in four tobacco matrices, based on an achiral gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detector (GCNPD) with commonly available Rtx-200 column using (1S)-(-)-camphanic chloride derivatization. The method development consists of the optimization of extraction and derivatization, screening of achiral column, analysis of the fragmentation mechanisms and evaluation of matrix effect (ME). Under the optimized experimental conditions, the current method exhibited excellent detection capability for the alkaloid enantiomers, with coefficients of determination (R2) > 0.9989 and normality test of residuals P > 0.05 in linear regression parameters. The ME can be neglected for the camphanic derivatives. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.087 to 0.24 μg g - 1 and 0.29 to 0.81 μg g - 1, respectively. The recoveries and within-laboratory relative standard deviations (RSDR) were 94.3%~104.2% and 0.51%~3.89%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied to determine the enantiomeric profiling of cultivars and curing processes. Tobacco cultivars had a significant impact on the nornicotine, anatabine, anabasine concentration and enantiomeric fraction (EF) of (R)-nornicotine, whereas the only significant change induced by the curing processes was an increase in the EF of (R)-anabasine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cai
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China; College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huina Zhao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Runsheng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 55081, China
| | - Yechun Lin
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Anping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological, Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Wenjie Pan
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Haikou Cigar Research Institute, Hainan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Weichang Gao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Kurmi M, Jayaraman K, Natarajan S, Kumar GS, Bhutani H, Bajpai L. Rapid and efficient chiral method development for lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate fixed dose combination using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography: A design of experiment approach. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461257. [PMID: 32709317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fixed dose combination (FDC) of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and lamivudine (3TC) is one of the most preferred FDC for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To the best of authors' knowledge there are no reported methods for chiral purity estimation of both drugs simultaneously from a FDC. The current study was focused on the development of a single chiral method uisng supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) for separation of stereoisomers of TDF and 3TC combination employing design of experiment (DoE) approach. Method development was planned in three steps by using different experimental designs for each step. I-optimal, Taguchi orthogonal array and face-centred central composite designs (CCD) were employed for primary parameter selection, secondary parameter screening and final method optimization, respectively. All six stereoisomers were separated in a 10 minute run on Chiralpak IA column with carbon di-oxide /methanol (containing 0.5 % v/v n-butylamine) as mobile phase at 1.5 mL/min in gradient mode. The optimized method was verified for performance through establishing specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, limit of quantification, and solution stability. Resolution between each isomeric pair was more than 1.5. The method was found to be linear from 1.5 µg/mL to 7.5 µg/mL for 3TC and 7.5 µg/mL to 37.5 µg/mL for TDF stereoisomers. The R2 values for all the linearity curves for undesired isomers were greater than 0.995. The method proved to be rapid, reproducible and efficient to quantify stereoisomers of both drugs in a single run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moolchand Kurmi
- Analytical Research and Development, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Karthik Jayaraman
- Analytical Research and Development, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Saravanan Natarajan
- Analytical Research and Development, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Gandhi Santosh Kumar
- Analytical Research and Development, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Hemant Bhutani
- Analytical Research and Development, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Lakshmikant Bajpai
- Analytical Research and Development, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Centre (BBRC), Syngene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India.
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
|
63
|
Tang B, Sun C, Wang W, Geng L, Sun L, Luo A. Chiral amorphous metal–organic polyhedra used as the stationary phase for high‐resolution gas chromatography separations. Chirality 2020; 32:1178-1185. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Lina Geng
- School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Liquan Sun
- School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| | - Aiqin Luo
- School of Life ScienceBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Ribeiro C, Gonçalves R, Tiritan M. Separation of Enantiomers Using Gas Chromatography: Application in Forensic Toxicology, Food and Environmental Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:787-811. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1777522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ribeiro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - M.E. Tiritan
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Ma X, Du Y, Zhu X, Yang J. Visual chiral recognition of aromatic amino acids with (S)-mandelic acid-based ionic liquids via complexation. Talanta 2020; 217:121083. [PMID: 32498868 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chiral ionic liquids have attracted increasing attention in analytical chemistry. However, only a few papers focus on the application of them in visual chiral recognition. Herein, two functionalized chiral ionic liquids derived from (S)-mandelic acid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium mandelate, CIL1 and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium mandelate, CIL2) were prepared for visual chiral recognition of aromatic amino acids for the first time. In the presence of Cu(II) and appropriate solvents, visual enantiomeric responses of phenylalanine, tryptophane, tyrosine and phenylglycine were observed. Relying on solubility or color differences, all chiral recognition could be finished within 5 min. The potential mechanism was investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, thermal gravity analysis, elemental analysis and scanning electron microscope. Results revealed that CuSO4 interacted with CIL1 and D-tryptophane in the ratio of 1:1.96:0.43 in relevant precipitate, and the different stability of complex was responsible for the chiral recognition. In addition, resolution of racemic tryptophane was performed, which offered excellent enantiomeric excess values (94.2% for CIL1 and 95.1% for CIL2 in solid phase). The proposed ionic liquids had strong enantioselectivity for aromatic amino acids and great potential in visual chiral recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yingxiang Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Xinqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jiangxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Li HX, Xie TP, Yan KQ, Xie SM, Wang BJ, Zhang JH, Yuan LM. A hydroxyl-functionalized homochiral porous organic cage for gas chromatographic separations. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:269. [PMID: 32291536 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A hydroxyl-functionalized homochiral porous organic cage (POC) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), MALDI-TOF-MS, and elemental analysis. The synthesized homochiral POC was used as stationary phase to prepare a capillary gas chromatography (GC) column by a static coating method. The fabricated column shows excellent selectivity not only for the separation of positional isomers but also for the resolution of various racemates. Thirty-nine racemates have been resolved on the column, including alcohols, diols, halohydrocarbons, epoxides, esters, lactones, ketones, ethers, and organic acids. Compared to the commercial β-DEX 120 column and previously reported chiral POCs (CC3-R, CC9, and CC10)-coated columns, there are 11, 10, 24, and 15 tested racemates that cannot be resolved on β-DEX 120 column, CC3-R column, CC9 column, and CC10 column, respectively. This reveals that the fabricated column has prominent complementarity or superior separation performance to these columns in enantioseparation. Besides, the fabricated column can achieve some enantioseparations which are not possible using all previously reported chiral POC-based columns. Some positional isomers (xylenes, dichlorobenzenes, dibromobenzenes, nitrochlorobenzenes, and nitrobromobenzenes) were also separated with high-resolution values. The column exhibits good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of retention times were 0.03-0.18%, 0.11-0.92%, and 2.1-6.6% for run-to-run (n = 5), day-to-day (n = 5), and column-to-column (n = 3), respectively. The experimental results demonstrate the great potential of POCs for practical application in GC. Graphical Abstract A hydroxyl-functionalized homochiral porous organic cage was used as stationary phase for gas chromatography separation of racemates and positional isomers. The resolution of racemates mainly depended on hydrogen bonding, π-interaction, host-guest inclusion, steric fit, etc., while separation of positional isomers by shape-selective guest binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Peng Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Qian Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ming Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Ming Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|