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Butler JT, Abdelhamed S, Kurre P. Extracellular vesicles in the hematopoietic microenvironment. Haematologica 2018; 103:382-394. [PMID: 29439185 PMCID: PMC5830368 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.183335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal and differentiation are defining characteristics of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and their balanced regulation is central to lifelong function of both blood and immune systems. In addition to cell-intrinsic programs, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fate decisions are subject to extrinsic cues from within the bone marrow microenvironment and systemically. Yet, many of the paracrine and endocrine mediators that shape hematopoietic function remain to be discovered. Extracellular vesicles serve as evolutionarily conserved, constitutive regulators of cell and tissue homeostasis, with several recent reports supporting a role for extracellular vesicles in the regulation of hematopoiesis. We review the physiological and pathophysiological effects that extracellular vesicles have on bone marrow compartmental function while highlighting progress in understanding vesicle biogenesis, cargo incorporation, differential uptake, and downstream effects of vesicle internalization. This review also touches on the role of extracellular vesicles in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fate regulation and recent advances in therapeutic and diagnostic applications of extracellular vesicles in hematologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Butler
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Peter Kurre
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Aurora A, Wrice N, Walters TJ, Christy RJ, Natesan S. A PEGylated platelet free plasma hydrogel based composite scaffold enables stable vascularization and targeted cell delivery for volumetric muscle loss. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:150-162. [PMID: 29128541 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds are being used for the clinical repair of soft tissue injuries. Although improved functional outcomes have been reported, ECM scaffolds show limited tissue specific remodeling response with concomitant deposition of fibrotic tissue. One plausible explanation is the regression of blood vessels which may be limiting the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients across the scaffold. Herein we develop a composite scaffold as a vasculo-inductive platform by integrating PEGylated platelet free plasma (PFP) hydrogel with a muscle derived ECM scaffold (m-ECM). In vitro, adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) seeded onto the composite scaffold differentiated into two distinct morphologies, a tubular network in the hydrogel, and elongated structures along the m-ECM scaffold. The composite scaffold showed a high expression of ITGA5, ITGB1, and FN and a synergistic up-regulation of ang1 and tie-2 transcripts. The in vitro ability of the composite scaffold to provide extracellular milieu for cell adhesion and molecular cues to support vessel formation was investigated in a rodent volumetric muscle loss (VML) model. The composite scaffold delivered with ASCs supported robust and stable vascularization. Additionally, the composite scaffold supported increased localization of ASCs in the defect demonstrating its ability for localized cell delivery. Interestingly, ASCs were observed homing in the injured muscle and around the perivascular space possibly to stabilize the host vasculature. In conclusion, the composite scaffold delivered with ASCs presents a promising approach for scaffold vascularization. The versatile nature of the composite scaffold also makes it easily adaptable for the repair of soft tissue injuries. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds when used for soft tissue repair is often accompanied by deposition of fibrotic tissue possibly due to limited scaffold vascularization, which limits the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients across the scaffold. Although a variety of scaffold vascularization strategies has been investigated, their limitations preclude rapid clinical translation. In this study we have developed a composite scaffold by integrating bi-functional polyethylene glycol modified platelet free plasma (PEGylated PFP) with adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) along with a muscle derived ECM scaffold (m-ECM). The composite scaffold provides a vasculo-inductive and an effective cell delivery platform for volumetric muscle loss.
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Wendelbo Ø, Hervig T, Haugen O, Seghatchian J, Reikvam H. Microcirculation and red cell transfusion in patients with sepsis. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:900-905. [PMID: 29158076 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Early identification of sepsis followed by diagnostic blood cultures and prompt administration of appropriate intravenous antibiotics covering all likely pathogen remains the corner stone in the initial management of sepsis. Source control, obtained by harvesting microbiological cultures and removal or drainage of the infected foci, is mandatory. However, optimization of hemodynamically unstable patients including volume support supplemented with vasopressor, inotropic and transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) in case of persistent hypoperfusion have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Given the imbalance between the ability of the cardiovascular system to deliver enough oxygen to meet the oxygen demand, transfusion of RBCs should theoretically provide the ideal solution to the challenge. However, both changes in the septic patients' RBCs induced by endogenous factors as well as the storage lesion affecting transfused RBCs have negative effects on the microcirculation. RBC morphology, distribution of fatty acids on the membrane surface, RBC deformability needed for capillary circulation and the nitrogen oxide (NO) signaling systems are involved. Although these deteriorating effects develop during storage, transfusion of fresh RBCs has not proven to be beneficial, possibly due to limitations of the studies performed. Until better evidence exists, transfusion guidelines recommend a restrictive strategy of RBC transfusion i.e. transfuse when hemoglobin (Hb)<7g/dL in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tor Hervig
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| | - Oddbjørn Haugen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Anesthesiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety Improvement and DDR Strategies, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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54
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Jones AR, Frazier SK. Consequences of Transfusing Blood Components in Patients With Trauma: A Conceptual Model. Crit Care Nurse 2017; 37:18-30. [PMID: 28365647 DOI: 10.4037/ccn2017965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Transfusion of blood components is often required in resuscitation of patients with major trauma. Packed red blood cells and platelets break down and undergo chemical changes during storage (known as the storage lesion) that lead to an inflammatory response once the blood components are transfused to patients. Although some evidence supports a detrimental association between transfusion and a patient's outcome, the mechanisms connecting transfusion of stored components to outcomes remain unclear. The purpose of this review is to provide critical care nurses with a conceptual model to facilitate understanding of the relationship between the storage lesion and patients' outcomes after trauma; outcomes related to trauma, hemorrhage, and blood component transfusion are grouped according to those occurring in the short-term (≤30 days) and the long-term (>30 days). Complete understanding of these clinical implications is critical for practitioners in evaluating and treating patients given transfusions after traumatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R Jones
- Allison R. Jones is an assistant professor, Department of Acute, Chronic, and Continuing Care, School of Nursing, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama. She has a clinical background in emergency and trauma nursing. In research, she focuses on the consequences of blood component storage and transfusion, with particular interest in transfusion after trauma. .,Susan K. Frazier is the director of the PhD program, a codirector of the RICH Heart Program, and an associate professor, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Her research focuses on cardiopulmonary interactions in a variety of critically ill patients, including patients with acute heart failure, acute decompensated heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and multiple trauma.
| | - Susan K Frazier
- Allison R. Jones is an assistant professor, Department of Acute, Chronic, and Continuing Care, School of Nursing, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama. She has a clinical background in emergency and trauma nursing. In research, she focuses on the consequences of blood component storage and transfusion, with particular interest in transfusion after trauma.,Susan K. Frazier is the director of the PhD program, a codirector of the RICH Heart Program, and an associate professor, College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Her research focuses on cardiopulmonary interactions in a variety of critically ill patients, including patients with acute heart failure, acute decompensated heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and multiple trauma
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55
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Marcoux G, Boilard E. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns in blood transfusion products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Marcoux
- Department of infectious diseases and immunity; Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier; Universitaire de Québec; Québec QC Canada
| | - E. Boilard
- Department of infectious diseases and immunity; Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier; Universitaire de Québec; Québec QC Canada
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Noulsri E, Lerdwana S, Kittisares K, Palasuwan A, Palasuwan D. Flow rate calibration to determine cell-derived microparticles and homogeneity of blood components. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:585-590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kormi SMA, Seghatchian J. Taming the immune system through transfusion in oncology patients. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:310-316. [PMID: 28651910 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood transfusion is a clinical replacement therapy with many successes with some benefit and, also, some harm. Cancer is a multifaceted disease potentially associated with the immune system's weakness where the cancerous tumor cells escape from the immune system. Allogeneic blood transfusion, through five major mechanisms including the lymphocyte-T set, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), natural killer cells (NKCs), and dendritic cells (DCs) can help the recipient's defense mechanisms. On the other hand, the role for each of the listed items includes activation of the antitumor CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+/CTL), temporal inactivation of Tregs, inactivation of the STAT3 signaling pathway, the use of bacteria to enhance the antitumor immune response and cellular immunotherapy. The above issues are concisely addressed in this manuscript based on a literature survey on this topic carried out by the first author.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Amin Kormi
- Cancer Genetics Research Unit, Reza Radiation Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/ Safety Improvement, Audit/ Inspection and DDR Strategies, London, United Kingdom.
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58
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Reflections on multiple strategies to reduce transfusion in cancer patients: A joint narrative. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:322-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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59
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Seghatchian J, Goubran H. Transfusion and alternatives therapeutic support for oncology patients with hematological problems: “Are we doing more harm than benefit”? Transfus Apher Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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60
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Goubran H, Sheridan D, Radosevic J, Burnouf T, Seghatchian J. Transfusion-related immunomodulation and cancer. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:336-340. [PMID: 28606449 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood and blood-component therapy triggers immunological reactions in recipients. Transfusion-related immunomodulation [TRIM] is an important complex biological immune reaction to transfusion culminating in immunosuppression. The mechanisms underlying TRIM include the presence of residual leukocytes and apoptotic cells, the transfusion of immunosuppressive cytokines either present in donor components or generated during blood processing, the transfer of metabolically active growth factor-loaded microparticles and extracellular vesicles and the presence of free hemoglobin or extracellular vesicle-bound hemoglobin. TRIM variables include donor-specific factors as well as processing variables. TRIM may explain, at least in part, the controversial negative clinical outcomes observed in cancer patients receiving transfusion in the context of curative-intent surgeries. The use of novel technologies including metabolomics and proteomics on stored blood may pave the way for a deeper understanding of TRIM in general and its impact on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Goubran
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - David Sheridan
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety Improvement, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategies, London, UK.
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61
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García-Roa M, del Carmen Vicente-Ayuso M, Bobes AM, Pedraza AC, González-Fernández A, Martín MP, Sáez I, Seghatchian J, Gutiérrez L. Red blood cell storage time and transfusion: current practice, concerns and future perspectives. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2017; 15:222-231. [PMID: 28518049 PMCID: PMC5448828 DOI: 10.2450/2017.0345-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) units are the most requested transfusion product worldwide. Indications for transfusion include symptomatic anaemia, acute sickle cell crisis, and acute blood loss of more than 30% of the blood volume, with the aim of restoring tissue oxygen delivery. However, stored RBCs from donors are not a qualitative equal product, and, in many ways, this is a matter of concern in the transfusion practice. Besides donor-to-donor variation, the storage time influences the RBC unit at the qualitative level, as RBCs age in the storage bag and are exposed to the so-called storage lesion. Several studies have shown that the storage lesion leads to post-transfusion enhanced clearance, plasma transferrin saturation, nitric oxide scavenging and/or immunomodulation with potential unwanted transfusion-related clinical outcomes, such as acute lung injury or higher mortality rate. While, to date, several studies have claimed the risk or deleterious effects of "old" vs "young" RBC transfusion regimes, it is still a matter of debate, and consideration should be taken of the clinical context. Transfusion-dependent patients may benefit from transfusion with "young" RBC units, as it assures longer inter-transfusion periods, while transfusion with "old" RBC units is not itself harmful. Unbiased Omics approaches are being applied to the characterisation of RBC through storage, to better understand the (patho)physiological role of microparticles (MPs) that are found naturally, and also on stored RBC units. Perhaps RBC storage time is not an accurate surrogate for RBC quality and there is a need to establish which parameters do indeed reflect optimal efficacy and safety. A better Omics characterisation of components of "young" and "old" RBC units, including MPs, donor and recipient, might lead to the development of new therapies, including the use of engineered RBCs or MPs as cell-based drug delivering tools, or cost-effective personalised transfusion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Roa
- Department of Hematology, “Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos” (IdISSC), “Hospital Clínico San Carlos”, Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Vicente-Ayuso
- Department of Hematology, “Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos” (IdISSC), “Hospital Clínico San Carlos”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro M. Bobes
- Department of Hematology, “Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos” (IdISSC), “Hospital Clínico San Carlos”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra C. Pedraza
- Department of Hematology, “Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos” (IdISSC), “Hospital Clínico San Carlos”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ataúlfo González-Fernández
- Department of Hematology, “Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos” (IdISSC), “Hospital Clínico San Carlos”, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Paz Martín
- Department of Hematology, “Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos” (IdISSC), “Hospital Clínico San Carlos”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sáez
- ”Servicio de Hematología y Hemoterapia”, “Hospital Clínico San Carlos”, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety Improvement and DDR Strategy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Department of Hematology, “Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos” (IdISSC), “Hospital Clínico San Carlos”, Madrid, Spain
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62
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Almizraq RJ, Seghatchian J, Holovati JL, Acker JP. Extracellular vesicle characteristics in stored red blood cell concentrates are influenced by the method of detection. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:254-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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63
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Seghatchian J. Evolving concepts of the RBC storage lesion using Omics and other novel diagnostic tools. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:245-247. [PMID: 28363590 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality and Safety Improvement, Audit/Inspection & DDR Strategies, London, UK.
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64
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Duration of red blood cell storage and inflammatory marker generation. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2017; 15:145-152. [PMID: 28263172 DOI: 10.2450/2017.0343-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a life-saving treatment for several pathologies. RBCs for transfusion are stored refrigerated in a preservative solution, which extends their shelf-life for up to 42 days. During storage, the RBCs endure abundant physicochemical changes, named RBC storage lesions, which affect the overall quality standard, the functional integrity and in vivo survival of the transfused RBCs. Some of the changes occurring in the early stages of the storage period (for approximately two weeks) are reversible but become irreversible later on as the storage is extended. In this review, we aim to decipher the duration of RBC storage and inflammatory marker generation. This phenomenon is included as one of the causes of transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM), an emerging concept developed to potentially elucidate numerous clinical observations that suggest that RBC transfusion is associated with increased inflammatory events or effects with clinical consequence.
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65
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D'Alessandro A, Seghatchian J. Hitchhiker's guide to the red cell storage galaxy: Omics technologies and the quality issue. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:248-253. [PMID: 28343934 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cell storage in the blood bank makes millions of units of available for transfusion to civilian and military recipients every year. From glass bottles to plastic bags, from anticoagulants to complex additives, from whole blood to leukocyte filtered packed red blood cells: huge strides have been made in the field of blood component processing and storage in the blood bank during the last century. Still, refrigerated preservation of packed red blood cells under blood bank conditions results in the progressive accumulation of a wide series of biochemical and morphological changes to the stored erythrocytes, collectively referred to as the storage lesion(s). Approximately ten years ago, retrospective clinical evidence had suggested that such lesion(s) may be clinically relevant and mediate some of the untoward transfusion-related effects observed especially in some categories of recipients at risk (e.g. massively or chronically transfused recipients). Since then, randomized clinical trials have failed to prospectively detect any signal related to red cell storage duration and increased morbidity and mortality in several categories of recipients, at the limits of the statistical power of these studies. While a good part of the transfusion community has immediately adopted the take-home message "if it isn't broken, don't fix it" (i.e. no change to the standard of practice should be pursued), decision makers have been further questioning whether there may be room for further improvements in this field. Provocatively, we argue that consensus has yet to be unanimously reached on what makes a good quality marker of the red cell storage lesion and transfusion safety/efficacy. In other words, if it is true that "you can't manage what you can't measure", then future advancements in the field of transfusion medicine will necessarily rely on state of the art analytical omics technologies of well-defined quality parameters. Heavily borrowing from Douglas Adam's imaginary repertoire from the world famous "Hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy", we briefly summarize how some of the principles for intergalactic hitchhikers may indeed apply to inform navigation through the complex universe of red cell storage quality, safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Component Quality/Safety Improvement, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategies, London, UK.
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66
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Chen Z, Schubert P, Bakkour S, Culibrk B, Busch MP, Devine DV. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates mitochondrial function and microvesicle release in riboflavin- and ultraviolet light-treated apheresis platelet concentrates. Transfusion 2017; 57:1199-1207. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Chen
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Peter Schubert
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Sonia Bakkour
- Blood Systems Research Institute; University of California; San Francisco California
| | - Brankica Culibrk
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Michael P. Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute; University of California; San Francisco California
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; University of California; San Francisco California
| | - Dana V. Devine
- Centre for Innovation; Canadian Blood Services; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Centre for Blood Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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67
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Kanzler P, Mahoney A, Leitner G, Witt V, Maurer-Spurej E. Microparticle detection to guide platelet management for the reduction of platelet refractoriness in children – A study proposal. Transfus Apher Sci 2017; 56:39-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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68
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Kuo WP, Tigges JC, Toxavidis V, Ghiran I. Red Blood Cells: A Source of Extracellular Vesicles. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1660:15-22. [PMID: 28828644 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7253-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During their lifetime, like all other cell types, red blood cells (RBCs) release both exosomes and plasma membrane derived EVs (ectosomes). RBC exosomes are formed only during the development of RBCs in bone marrow, and are released following the fusion of microvesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane. On the other hand, RBC EVs are generated during normal aging of RBCs in circulation by budding of the plasma membrane due to complement -mediated calcium influx, followed by vesicle shedding. This makes red blood cells and stored red cells a reliable source of EVs for basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Patrick Kuo
- CloudHealth Genomics, Ltd, Shanghai, China. .,Weschester Biotech Project, Asbury Park, NJ, USA.
| | - John C Tigges
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasilis Toxavidis
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ionita Ghiran
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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69
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Acker JP, Marks DC, Sheffield WP. Quality Assessment of Established and Emerging Blood Components for Transfusion. JOURNAL OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION 2016; 2016:4860284. [PMID: 28070448 PMCID: PMC5192317 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4860284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blood is donated either as whole blood, with subsequent component processing, or through the use of apheresis devices that extract one or more components and return the rest of the donation to the donor. Blood component therapy supplanted whole blood transfusion in industrialized countries in the middle of the twentieth century and remains the standard of care for the majority of patients receiving a transfusion. Traditionally, blood has been processed into three main blood products: red blood cell concentrates; platelet concentrates; and transfusable plasma. Ensuring that these products are of high quality and that they deliver their intended benefits to patients throughout their shelf-life is a complex task. Further complexity has been added with the development of products stored under nonstandard conditions or subjected to additional manufacturing steps (e.g., cryopreserved platelets, irradiated red cells, and lyophilized plasma). Here we review established and emerging methodologies for assessing blood product quality and address controversies and uncertainties in this thriving and active field of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Acker
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Denese C. Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William P. Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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70
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Could Microparticles Be the Universal Quality Indicator for Platelet Viability and Function? JOURNAL OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION 2016; 2016:6140239. [PMID: 28053805 PMCID: PMC5178367 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6140239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High quality means good fitness for the intended use. Research activity regarding quality measures for platelet transfusions has focused on platelet storage and platelet storage lesion. Thus, platelet quality is judged from the manufacturer's point of view and regulated to ensure consistency and stability of the manufacturing process. Assuming that fresh product is always superior to aged product, maintaining in vitro characteristics should preserve high quality. However, despite the highest in vitro quality standards, platelets often fail in vivo. This suggests we may need different quality measures to predict platelet performance after transfusion. Adding to this complexity, platelets are used clinically for very different purposes: platelets need to circulate when given as prophylaxis to cancer patients and to stop bleeding when given to surgery or trauma patients. In addition, the emerging application of platelet-rich plasma injections exploits the immunological functions of platelets. Requirements for quality of platelets intended to prevent bleeding, stop bleeding, or promote wound healing are potentially very different. Can a single measurable characteristic describe platelet quality for all uses? Here we present microparticle measurement in platelet samples, and its potential to become the universal quality characteristic for platelet production, storage, viability, function, and compatibility.
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Chowdhury IH, Koo SJ, Gupta S, Liang LY, Bahar B, Silla L, Nuñez-Burgos J, Barrientos N, Zago MP, Garg NJ. Gene Expression Profiling and Functional Characterization of Macrophages in Response to Circulatory Microparticles Produced during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Chagas Disease. J Innate Immun 2016; 9:203-216. [PMID: 27902980 DOI: 10.1159/000451055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are hallmarks of chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCM). In this study, we determined if microparticles (MPs) generated during Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) infection carry the host's signature of the inflammatory/oxidative state and provide information regarding the progression of clinical disease. METHODS MPs were harvested from supernatants of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro incubated with Tc (control: LPS treated), plasma of seropositive humans with a clinically asymptomatic (CA) or symptomatic (CS) disease state (vs. normal/healthy [NH] controls), and plasma of mice immunized with a protective vaccine before challenge infection (control: unvaccinated/infected). Macrophages (mφs) were incubated with MPs, and we probed the gene expression profile using the inflammatory signaling cascade and cytokine/chemokine arrays, phenotypic markers of mφ activation by flow cytometry, cytokine profile by means of an ELISA and Bioplex assay, and oxidative/nitrosative stress and mitotoxicity by means of colorimetric and fluorometric assays. RESULTS Tc- and LPS-induced MPs stimulated proliferation, inflammatory gene expression profile, and nitric oxide (∙NO) release in human THP-1 mφs. LPS-MPs were more immunostimulatory than Tc-MPs. Endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, and mφs were the major source of MPs shed in the plasma of chagasic humans and experimentally infected mice. The CS and CA (vs. NH) MPs elicited >2-fold increase in NO and mitochondrial oxidative stress in THP-1 mφs; however, CS (vs. CA) MPs elicited a more pronounced and disease-state-specific inflammatory gene expression profile (IKBKB, NR3C1, and TIRAP vs. CCR4, EGR2, and CCL3), cytokine release (IL-2 + IFN-γ > GCSF), and surface markers of mφ activation (CD14 and CD16). The circulatory MPs of nonvaccinated/infected mice induced 7.5-fold and 40% increases in ∙NO and IFN-γ production, respectively, while these responses were abolished when RAW264.7 mφs were incubated with circulatory MPs of vaccinated/infected mice. CONCLUSION Circulating MPs reflect in vivo levels of an oxidative, nitrosative, and inflammatory state, and have potential utility in evaluating disease severity and the efficacy of vaccines and drug therapies against CCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran H Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
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Platelet-, leucocyte- and red cell-derived microparticles in stored whole blood, with and without leucofiltration, with and without ionising radiation. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2016; 16:145-153. [PMID: 27893349 DOI: 10.2450/2016.0108-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Storage lesion, including microparticle formation, has been partially characterised in whole blood, but not in all combinations of pre-storage leucofiltration and/or irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-donor whole blood products were processed into four subunits: with and without leucofiltration, with and without X-irradiation (25 Gy). Platelet-, leucocyte-, and erythrocyte-derived microparticles and free haemoglobin were measured periodically throughout 42 days of storage. RESULTS Pre-storage leucofiltration substantially reduced platelet- and leucocyte-derived microparticle counts throughout storage. Irradiation, in contrast, had no significant effect on microparticle counts. A gate for all microparticles showed a substantial time-dependent increase in unfiltered whole blood. A time-dependent increase in free haemoglobin was greatest in unfiltered, irradiated whole blood. DISCUSSION This study indicates that leucofiltration can prevent the formation of leucocyte- and platelet-derived microparticles, and might reduce haemolysis in irradiated whole blood, either by removing factors that provoke haemolysis, or by selective retention of senescent or effete red cells most prone to haemolysis.
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Garraud O, Tariket S, Sut C, Haddad A, Aloui C, Chakroun T, Laradi S, Cognasse F. Transfusion as an Inflammation Hit: Knowns and Unknowns. Front Immunol 2016; 7:534. [PMID: 27965664 PMCID: PMC5126107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfusion of blood cell components is frequent in the therapeutic arsenal; it is globally safe or even very safe. At present, residual clinical manifestations are principally inflammatory in nature. If some rare clinical hazards manifest as acute inflammation symptoms of various origin, most of them linked with conflicting and undesirable biological material accompanying the therapeutic component (infectious pathogen, pathogenic antibody, unwanted antigen, or allergen), the general feature is subtler and less visible, and essentially consists of alloimmunization or febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction. The present essay aims to present updates in hematology and immunology that help understand how, when, and why subclinical inflammation underlies alloimmunization and circumstances characteristic of red blood cells and – even more frequently – platelets that contribute inflammatory mediators. Modern transfusion medicine makes sustained efforts to limit such inflammatory hazards; efforts can be successful only if one has a clear view of each element’s role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Garraud
- Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - S Tariket
- Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - C Sut
- Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - A Haddad
- Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France; Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - C Aloui
- Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - T Chakroun
- Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France; Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, Sousse, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S Laradi
- Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - F Cognasse
- Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France; Etablissement Français du Sang Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne, Saint-Etienne, France
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Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are naturally capable of transporting diverse cargoes throughout the circulatory system, both loaded to their surface or within their inner volume. Starting largely from the 1970s, diverse approaches for encapsulation into, and surface coupling onto, RBCs have been investigated as potential drug delivery systems. In the last decade, these efforts have yielded diverse strategies to load drugs and nanocarriers to RBCs, and to optimize their pharmacokinetics, distribution, and effects in the body. Several formulations of donor RBCs encapsulated with enzymes and drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials for treatment of oncologic and neurologic conditions. Newer approaches include design of drugs with an affinity to circulating RBCs, encapsulation into RBCs using membrane permeating compounds, and design of hybrid drug delivery systems combining synthetic components with fragments of RBC membranes. Notwithstanding the growing enthusiasm and optimism in RBC drug delivery, in this article we discuss potentially problematic issues of this biomedical concept, especially impairment of biocompatibility of the carrier RBCs, and other adverse and unintended effects. Rigorous and systematic analysis of the cautionary aspects described in this article should be further developed and extended in order to soberly gauge the risk/benefit balance of any given RBC-based drug delivery application. While there is little doubt that RBC drug delivery will ultimately flourish, focusing research efforts on approaches that are unlikely to cause adverse effects in patients will help to sooner bring this day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Villa
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety Improvement & DDR Strategies, London, UK
| | - Vladimir Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Antonelou MH, Seghatchian J. Insights into red blood cell storage lesion: Toward a new appreciation. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 55:292-301. [PMID: 27839967 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cell storage lesion (RSL) is a multifaceted biological phenomenon. It refers to deterioration in RBC quality that is characterized by lethal and sub-lethal, reversible and irreversible defects. RSL is influenced by prestorage variables and it might be associated with variable clinical outcomes. Optimal biopreservation conditions are expected to offer maximum levels of RBC survival and acceptable functionality and bioreactivity in-bag and in vivo; consequently, full appraisal of RSL requires understanding of how RSL changes interact with each other and with the recipient. Recent technological innovation in MS-based omics, imaging, cytometry, small particle and systems biology has offered better understanding of RSL contributing factors and effects. A number of elegant in vivo and in vitro studies have paved the way for the identification of quality control biomarkers useful to predict RSL profile and posttransfusion performance. Moreover, screening tools for the early detection of good or poor "storers" and donors have been developed. In the light of new perspectives, storage time is not the touchstone to rule on the quality of a packed RBC unit. At least by a biochemical standpoint, the metabolic aging pattern during storage may not correspond to the currently fresh/old distinction of stored RBCs. Finally, although each unit of RBCs is probably unique, a metabolic signature of RSL across storage variables might exist. Moving forward from traditional hematologic measures to integrated information on structure, composition, biochemistry and interactions collected in bag and in vivo will allow identification of points for intervention in a transfusion meaningful context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna H Antonelou
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece.
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Component Quality/Safety Improvement, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategy, London, UK.
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Noulsri E, Udomwinijsilp P, Lerdwana S, Chongkolwatana V, Permpikul P. Differences in levels of platelet-derived microparticles in platelet components prepared using the platelet rich plasma, buffy coat, and apheresis procedures. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 56:135-140. [PMID: 28029568 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increased interest in platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) in transfusion medicine. Little is known about PMP status during the preparation of platelet concentrates for transfusion. AIM The aim of this study is to compare the PMP levels in platelet components prepared using the buffy coat (BC), platelet-rich plasma platelet concentrate (PRP-PC), and apheresis (AP) processes. METHODS Platelet components were prepared using the PRP-PC and BC processes. Apheresis platelets were prepared using the Trima Accel and Amicus instruments. The samples were incubated with annexin A5-FITC, CD41-PE, and CD62P-APC. At day 1 after processing, the PMPs and activated platelets were determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS Both the percentage and number of PMPs were higher in platelet components prepared using the Amicus instrument (2.6±1.8, 32802±19036 particles/μL) than in platelet components prepared using the Trima Accel instrument (0.5±0.4, 7568±5298 particles/μL), BC (1.2±0.6, 12,920±6426 particles/μL), and PRP-PC (0.9±0.6, 10731±5514 particles/μL). Both the percentage and number of activated platelets were higher in platelet components prepared using the Amicus instrument (33.2±13.9, 427553±196965 cells/μL) than in platelet components prepared using the Trima Accel instrument (16.2±6.1, 211209±87706 cells/μL), BC (12.9±3.2, 140624±41003 cells/μL), and PRP-PC (21.1±6.3, 265210±86257 cells/μL). CONCLUSIONS The study suggests high variability of PMPs and activated platelets in platelet components prepared using different processes. This result may be important in validating the instruments involved in platelet blood collection and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egarit Noulsri
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Prapaporn Udomwinijsilp
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surada Lerdwana
- Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Viroje Chongkolwatana
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parichart Permpikul
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Maurer-Spurej E, Larsen R, Labrie A, Heaton A, Chipperfield K. Microparticle content of platelet concentrates is predicted by donor microparticles and is altered by production methods and stress. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 55:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Antonelou MH, Seghatchian J. Update on extracellular vesicles inside red blood cell storage units: Adjust the sails closer to the new wind. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 55:92-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Amiral J, Seghatchian J. Measurement of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of consequences or cause complications of pathological states, and prognosis of both evolution and therapeutic safety/efficacy. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 55:23-34. [PMID: 27475803 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Utility of EVs, as biomarkers of cause or consequence of various pathological complications, and prognosis of blood components' therapy in terms of safety/efficacy and their potential associated hazards, primed by EVs involvements in pro-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and activations of both pro/anti-coagulatory and others associated pathways, as well as various cellular cross talks, are highlighted as the fundamental. Today EVs are becoming the "buzz" words of the current diagnosis, development and research [DDR] strategies, with the aim of ensuring safer therapeutic approaches in the current clinical practices, also incorporating their potential in long term cost effectiveness in health care systems. The main focus of this manuscript is to review the current opinions in some fundamental areas of EVs involvements in health and diseases. Firstly, our goal is highlighting what are EVs/MVs/MPs and how are they generated in physiology, pathology or blood products; classification and significance of EVs generated in vivo; followed by consequences and physiological/pathological induced effects of EVs generation in vivo. Secondly, specific cell origin EVs and association with malignancy; focus on EVs carrying TF and annexin V as a protective protein for harmful effects of EVs, and associations with LA; and incidence of anti-annexin V antibodies are also discussed. Thirdly, utility of EVs is presented: as diagnostic tools of disease markers; prognosis and follow-up of clinical states; evaluation of therapy efficacy; quality and risk assessment of blood products; followed by the laboratory tools for exploring, characterizing and measuring EVs, and/or their associated activity, using our own experiences of capture based assays. Finally, in perspective, the upcoming low volume sampling, fast, reliable and reproducibility and friendly use laboratory tools and the standardization of measurement methods are highlighted with the beneficial effects that we are witnessing in both wound healing and tissue remodeling, with an expected blockbuster status EVs as future therapeutic directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Amiral
- Hyphen BioMed, Neuville sur Oise, Paris, France.
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety Improvement, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategies, London, UK
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Seghatchian J, Amiral J. Unresolved clinical aspects and safety hazards of blood derived- EV/MV in stored blood components: From personal memory lanes to newer perspectives on the roles of EV/MV in various biological phenomena. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 55:10-22. [PMID: 27522103 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood cells generate heterogeneous populations of vesicles that are delivered, as small-specialized packages of highly active cell fragments in blood circulation, having almost similar functional activities, as the mother cells. These so called extracellular vesicles are the essential part of an energy-dependent natural apoptotic process; hence their beneficial and harmful biological functions cannot be ignored. Evidence is accumulating, that cellular derived vesicles, originate from all viable cells including: megakaryocytes, platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells and endothelial cells, the highest in proportions from platelets. Shedding can also be triggered by pathological activation of inflammatory processes and activation of coagulation or complement pathways, or even by shear stress in the circulation. Structurally, so called MV/EV appear to be, sometimes inside-out and sometimes outside-in cell fragments having a bilayered phospholipid structure exposing coagulant-active phosphatidylserine, expressing various membrane receptors, and they serve as cell-to-cell shuttles for bioactive molecules such as lipids, growth factors, microRNAs, and mitochondria. Ex vivo processing of blood into its components, embodying centrifugation, processing by various apheresis procedures, leukoreduction, pathogen reduction, and finally storage in different media and different types of blood bags, also have major impacts on the generation and retention of MV content. These artificially generated small, but highly liable packages, together with the original pool of MVs collected from the donor, do exhibit differing biological activities, and are not inert elements and should be considered as a parameter of blood safety in haemovigilance programmes. Harmonization and consensus in sampling protocols, sample handling, processing, and assessment methods, in particular converting to full automation, are needed to achieve consensual interpretations. This review focuses on some of our past personal studies on the role of MV/EV focusing on characterization of platelet storage lesion and platelet therapy that shows the highest transfusion hazards [up to 25%], and loss of 25% platelet efficacy after various leukoreduction and validated platelet pathogen reduction treatments. The planned paths for the future of EV/MV involvement in immunological and viral/ non-viral transfusion hazards are also discussed. Whilst considerable advances made on the characterization of EV/MV, but disparity still exists between various surrogate markers, showing some subtle differences in the levels of MV/ EV & BRMs in platelet preparations, and the clinical outcome showing platelets derived by all current technologies are equivalents in vivo. One possible reason for such a disparity may be relatedto the fact that MVs, being the end products of apoptotic cells, have little specificity and clear rapidly from circulation [<6 h in thrombocytopoenia]. This makes their clinical usefulness rather short lived. The recent findings that pegylating smaller subsets of EV increases its circulatory life from <15 minutes to approximately about one hour is highly promising, in particular, for drug delivery on specific sides. Hence a promising clinical utility of EV/MV continues, as a journey without end, indeed. This manuscript is based mainly on the selected key readings listed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety Improvement, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategies, London, UK.
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Wu YW, Goubran H, Seghatchian J, Burnouf T. Smart blood cell and microvesicle-based Trojan horse drug delivery: Merging expertise in blood transfusion and biomedical engineering in the field of nanomedicine. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 54:309-18. [PMID: 27179926 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of nanomedicine are playing increasingly important roles in human health. Various types of synthetic nanoparticles, including liposomes, micelles, and other nanotherapeutic platforms and conjugates, are being engineered to encapsulate or carry drugs for treating diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegeneration, and inflammations. Nanocarriers are designed to increase the half-life of drugs, decrease their toxicity and, ideally, target pathological sites. Developing smart carriers with the capacity to deliver drugs specifically to the microenvironment of diseased cells with minimum systemic toxicity is the goal. Blood cells, and potentially also the liposome-like micro- and nano-vesicles they generate, may be regarded as ideally suited to perform such specific targeting with minimum immunogenic risks. Blood cell membranes are "decorated" with complex physiological receptors capable of targeting and communicating with other cells and tissues and delivering their content to the surrounding pathological microenvironment. Blood cells, such as erythrocytes, have been developed as permeable carriers to release drugs to diseased tissues or act as biofactory allowing enzymatic degradation of a pathological substrate. Interestingly, attempts are also being made to improve the targeting capacity of synthetic nanoparticles by "decorating" their surface with blood cell membrane receptor-like biochemical structures. Research is needed to further explore the benefits that blood cell-derived microvesicles, as a Trojan horse delivery systems, can bring to the arsenal of therapeutic micro- and nanotechnologies. This short review focuses on the therapeutic roles that red blood cells and platelets can play as smart drug-delivery systems, and highlights the benefits that blood transfusion expertise can bring to this exciting and novel biomedical engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hadi Goubran
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety Improvement, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategies, London, UK.
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Goubran HA, Elemary M, Radosevich M, Seghatchian J, El-Ekiaby M, Burnouf T. Impact of Transfusion on Cancer Growth and Outcome. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2016; 9:1-8. [PMID: 27006592 PMCID: PMC4790595 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s32797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For many years, transfusion of allogeneic red blood cells, platelet concentrates, and plasma units has been part of the standard therapeutic arsenal used along the surgical and nonsurgical treatment of patients with malignancies. Although the benefits of these blood products are not a matter of debate in specific pathological conditions associated with life-threatening low blood cell counts or bleeding, increasing clinical evidence is nevertheless suggesting that deliberate transfusion of these blood components may actually lead to negative clinical outcomes by affecting patient’s immune defense, stimulating tumor growth, tethering, and dissemination. Rigorous preclinical and clinical studies are needed to dimension the clinical relevance, benefits, and risks of transfusion of blood components in cancer patients and understand the amplitude of problems. There is also a need to consider validating preparation methods of blood components for so far ignored biological markers, such as microparticles and biological response modifiers. Meanwhile, blood component transfusions should be regarded as a personalized medicine, taking into careful consideration the status and specificities of the patient, rather than as a routine hospital procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi A Goubran
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mohamed Elemary
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategies, London, UK
| | | | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Seghatchian J, Espinosa A, Burnouf T. Quality, safety and sustained therapeutic efficacy of blood-derived serum eye drops to treat dry eye syndrome: R&D road map for future progress. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 54:168-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Prudent M, Crettaz D, Delobel J, Seghatchian J, Tissot JD, Lion N. Differences between calcium-stimulated and storage-induced erythrocyte-derived microvesicles. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:153-8. [PMID: 26549671 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs), or microparticles, are a complex, dynamic and functional part of cells. Red blood cell (RBC)-derived MVs are naturally produced in vivo (during normal aging processes or in several diseases) as well as ex vivo during cold storage of RBCs, or in vitro by ATP depletion or treatment with Ca(2+) and calcium ionophore. All these MVs are equivalently classified according to their size and/or surface markers. Nevertheless, their content in proteins can differ and a few differences in terms of lipid raft proteins, notably stomatin and flotillin-2, have been reported. Based on two-dimensional gel electrophoreses, the present study highlights the differences between MVs induced during storage of RBCs (storage-MVs) and MVs stimulated by Ca(2+) entry (Ca-MVs). Upon treatment, Ca-MVs are formed following a clear recruitment of Ca(2+)-binding proteins (sorcin, grancalcin, PDCD6) and particularly annexins (4 and 5). Therefore, it emerges that different molecular pathways are available to produce similar MVs by disturbing the membrane/cytoskeleton interactions. Interestingly, these differences provide non-negligible pieces of information on the parent cells, and the mechanisms and modes of actions involved in the formation of MVs. In addition to biophysical characterization, protein analysis is important to classify these cellular corpuscles and evaluate their potential impacts in diseases or transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Prudent
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - David Crettaz
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Julien Delobel
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jerard Seghatchian
- International Consultancy in Blood Components Quality/Safety, Audit/Inspection and DDR Strategy, London, UK
| | - Jean-Daniel Tissot
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Niels Lion
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Produits Sanguins, Transfusion Interrégionale CRS, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Platelet-derived microparticles trigger THP-1 monocytic cell aggregation and release of pro-coagulant tissue factor-expressing microparticles in vitro. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:246-52. [PMID: 26597313 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) released by blood or endothelial cells are present in plasma for transfusion. They originate from the collected donor blood or are triggered by the variable steps taking place during collection and production/storage processes of blood components. While MPs may contribute to hemostasis, their presence in transfused plasma may lead to uncontrolled thrombin generation when transfused to susceptible cancer or hypercoagulable patients. Understanding the biochemical and cellular triggers of MP-mediated thrombogenesis is therefore crucial. We isolated platelet MPs (PMPs) present in platelet concentrate supernatant plasma (N-PMPs) or prepared by activation of isolated platelets using 0.1 IU/mL thrombin (T-PMPs). N-PMPs and T-PMPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering and counted by tunable resistive pulse sensing to determine population size and number. T-MPMs, but not N-PMPs, induced immediate, long-lasting, strong aggregation of THP-1 monocytic cells in vitro. In addition, co-cultures of THP-1 cells with both N-PMPs and T-PMPs triggered the generation of pro-coagulant tissue factor (TF)-bearing MPs from THP-1 cells. Therefore, some PMPs may induce THP-1 monocytic cell aggregation in vitro and trigger immune cell-mediated thrombogenicity linked to the release of pro-coagulant tissue factor-bearing MPs. Controlling the impact of the presence of PMPs in transfused blood components in certain patient population or critically ill patients deserves in-depth consideration.
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Goubran H, Sabry W, Kotb R, Seghatchian J, Burnouf T. Platelet microparticles and cancer: An intimate cross-talk. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:168-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Blood cell-derived microvesicles with potential pathogenic roles in therapeutic blood components and specialized diagnostic tools in diseases. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:108-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Poncelet P, Robert S, Bailly N, Garnache-Ottou F, Bouriche T, Devalet B, Segatchian JH, Saas P, Mullier F. Tips and tricks for flow cytometry-based analysis and counting of microparticles. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:110-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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