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Abdelhamed S, Butler JT, Jung S, Chen DW, Jenkins G, Gao L, Lim JY, Klco JM, Horton TM, Kurre P. Rational biomarker development for the early and minimally invasive monitoring of AML. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4515-4520. [PMID: 34587228 PMCID: PMC8579272 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent disease remains the principal cause for treatment failure in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) across age groups. Reliable biomarkers of AML relapse risk and disease burden have been problematic, as symptoms appear late and current monitoring relies on invasive and cost-ineffective serial bone marrow (BM) surveillance. In this report, we discover a set of unique microRNA (miRNA) that circulates in AML-derived vesicles in the peripheral blood ahead of the general dissemination of leukemic blasts and symptomatic BM failure. Next-generation sequencing of extracellular vesicle-contained small RNA in 12 AML patients and 12 controls allowed us to identify a panel of differentially incorporated miRNA. Proof-of-concept studies using a murine model and patient-derived xenografts demonstrate the feasibility of developing miR-1246, as a potential minimally invasive AML biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - John T. Butler
- Department of Pediatrics, Pape Family Pediatric Research Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, OHSU, Portland, OR
| | - Seul Jung
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ding-Wen Chen
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gaye Jenkins
- Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lina Gao
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR; and
| | - Jeong Y. Lim
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, Portland, OR; and
| | - Jeffery M. Klco
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Terzah M. Horton
- Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Peter Kurre
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Philadelphia, PA
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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2
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Butler JT, Robinson TJ, Edwards JR, Grafe MR, Kirsch JR. Effects of prolonged peri-neural bupivacaine infusion in rat sciatic nerves (axon and myelin). Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:329-338. [PMID: 34542046 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-211170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Peripheral-nerve blocks (PNBs) using continuous-infusion of local anesthetics are used to provide perioperative analgesia. Yet little research exists to characterize the histopathological effects of continuous long-duration PNBs. Herein we test the hypothesis that continuous peri-neural bupivacaine infusion (3-day vs. 7-day infusion) contributes to histologic injury in a duration-dependent manner using an in vivo model of rat sciatic nerves. METHODS We placed indwelling catheters in 22 rats for infusion with low-dose (0.5mg/kg/hr) bupivacaine or normal saline proximal to the right sciatic nerves for 3 or 7 consecutive days. Hind-limb analgesia was measured using Von-Frey nociceptive testing. At infusion end, rats were sacrificed, bilateral nerves were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and CD68 for evaluation of inflammatory response, and eriochrome to assess damage to myelin. RESULTS Animals receiving continuous infusion of bupivacaine maintained analgesia as demonstrated by significant decrease (50% on average) in nociceptive response in bupivacaine-infused limbs across time points. Both 7-day saline and bupivacaine-infused sciatic nerves showed significantly-increased inflammation by H&E staining compared to untreated native nerve controls (P = 0.0001, P < 0.0001). Extent of inflammation did not vary significantly based on infusate (7-day saline vs. 7-day bupivacaine P > 0.99) or duration (3-day bupivacaine vs 7-day bupivacaine P > 0.99). No significant change in sciatic nerve myelin was found in bupivacaine-infused animals compared to saline-infused controls, regardless of duration. CONCLUSIONS Long-duration (7-day) bupivacaine infusion provided durable post-operative analgesia, yet contributed to equivalent neural inflammation as short duration (3-day) infusion of bupivacaine or saline with no evidence of demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Butler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, OR, USA
| | - Tobias J Robinson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, VT, USA
| | - Jared R Edwards
- Department of General Surgery, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marjorie R Grafe
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Kirsch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Olson B, Zhu X, Norgard MA, Levasseur PR, Butler JT, Buenafe A, Burfeind KG, Michaelis KA, Pelz KR, Mendez H, Edwards J, Krasnow SM, Grossberg AJ, Marks DL. Lipocalin 2 mediates appetite suppression during pancreatic cancer cachexia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2057. [PMID: 33824339 PMCID: PMC8024334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) was recently identified as an endogenous ligand of the type 4 melanocortin receptor (MC4R), a critical regulator of appetite. However, it remains unknown if this molecule influences appetite during cancer cachexia, a devastating clinical entity characterized by decreased nutrition and progressive wasting. We demonstrate that LCN2 is robustly upregulated in murine models of pancreatic cancer, its expression is associated with reduced food consumption, and Lcn2 deletion is protective from cachexia-anorexia. Consistent with LCN2's proposed MC4R-dependent role in cancer-induced anorexia, pharmacologic MC4R antagonism mitigates cachexia-anorexia, while restoration of Lcn2 expression in the bone marrow is sufficient in restoring the anorexia feature of cachexia. Finally, we observe that LCN2 levels correlate with fat and lean mass wasting and is associated with increased mortality in patients with pancreatic cancer. Taken together, these findings implicate LCN2 as a pathologic mediator of appetite suppression during pancreatic cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Olson
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xinxia Zhu
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mason A Norgard
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Peter R Levasseur
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John T Butler
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Abigail Buenafe
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kevin G Burfeind
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Katherine A Michaelis
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Katherine R Pelz
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Heike Mendez
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jared Edwards
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Stephanie M Krasnow
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aaron J Grossberg
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Nehrbas J, Butler JT, Chen DW, Kurre P. Extracellular Vesicles and Chemotherapy Resistance in the AML Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:90. [PMID: 32117744 PMCID: PMC7033644 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) trafficking provides for a constitutive mode of cell-cell communication within tissues and between organ systems. Different EV subtypes have been identified that transfer regulatory molecules between cells, influencing gene expression, and altering cellular phenotypes. Evidence from a range of studies suggests that EV trafficking enhances cell survival and resistance to chemotherapy in solid tumors. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), EVs contribute to the dynamic crosstalk between AML cells, hematopoietic elements and stromal cells and promote adaptation of compartmental bone marrow (BM) function through transport of protein, RNA, and DNA. Careful analysis of leukemia cell EV content and phenotypic outcomes provide evidence that vesicles are implicated in transferring several known key mediators of chemoresistance, including miR-155, IL-8, and BMP-2. Here, we review the current understanding of how EVs exert their influence in the AML niche, and identify research opportunities to improve outcomes for relapsed or refractory AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Nehrbas
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John T Butler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Ding-Wen Chen
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peter Kurre
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Abdelhamed S, Butler JT, Doron B, Halse A, Nemecek E, Wilmarth PA, Marks DL, Chang BH, Horton T, Kurre P. Extracellular vesicles impose quiescence on residual hematopoietic stem cells in the leukemic niche. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47546. [PMID: 31267709 PMCID: PMC6607014 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive remodeling of the bone marrow microenvironment is recognized as an integral aspect of leukemogenesis. Expanding acute myeloid leukemia (AML) clones not only alter stroma composition, but also actively constrain hematopoiesis, representing a significant source of patient morbidity and mortality. Recent studies revealed the surprising resistance of long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) to elimination from the leukemic niche. Here, we examine the fate and function of residual LT-HSC in the BM of murine xenografts with emphasis on the role of AML-derived extracellular vesicles (EV). AML-EV rapidly enter HSC, and their trafficking elicits protein synthesis suppression and LT-HSC quiescence. Mechanistically, AML-EV transfer a panel of miRNA, including miR-1246, that target the mTOR subunit Raptor, causing ribosomal protein S6 hypo-phosphorylation, which in turn impairs protein synthesis in LT-HSC. While HSC functionally recover from quiescence upon transplantation to an AML-naive environment, they maintain relative gains in repopulation capacity. These phenotypic changes are accompanied by DNA double-strand breaks and evidence of a sustained DNA-damage response. In sum, AML-EV contribute to niche-dependent, reversible quiescence and elicit persisting DNA damage in LT-HSC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Female
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR/genetics
- Regulatory-Associated Protein of mTOR/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6/genetics
- Stem Cell Niche
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of PediatricsPapé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - John T Butler
- Department of PediatricsPapé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Ben Doron
- Department of PediatricsPapé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Amber Halse
- Department of PediatricsPapé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Eneida Nemecek
- Department of PediatricsPapé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Proteomics Shared ResourcesOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Department of PediatricsPapé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Brenden‐Colson Center for Pancreatic CareOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Bill H Chang
- Department of PediatricsPapé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Terzah Horton
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology CentersBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Peter Kurre
- Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaComprehensive Bone Marrow Failure CenterPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Butler
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Kurre
- Comprehensive Bone Marrow Failure Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Doron B, Abdelhamed S, Butler JT, Hashmi SK, Horton TM, Kurre P. Transmissible ER stress reconfigures the AML bone marrow compartment. Leukemia 2018; 33:918-930. [PMID: 30206307 PMCID: PMC6411460 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Successive adaptation of the bone marrow (BM) from homeostatic hematopoietic microenvironment to a self-reinforcing niche is an integral aspect of leukemogenesis. Yet, the cellular mechanisms underlying these functional alterations remain to be defined. Here, we found that AML incursion precipitates compartmental endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and an unfolded protein response (UPR) in both leukemia and stromal cells. We observed that extracellular vesicles (EV) transmit ER stress in vivo from the AML xenograft to BM stroma, whereby the upregulation of core UPR components drives subsequent osteolineage differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Finally, we show that the underlying mechanism involves quantitative incorporation and cell-cell transfer of Bone Morphogenic Protein 2 (BMP2), a potent osteogenic signal, by AML-EVs. Corroborative studies in AML patient samples support the translational relevance of AML-EVs as a platform for BMP trafficking and source of compartmental crosstalk. Transmissible ER stress was previously identified as a source of chemoresistance in solid tumor models, and this work reveals a role in remodeling the BM niche in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Doron
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, OR, USA
| | - John T Butler
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA.,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, OR, USA.,Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Saman K Hashmi
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Terzah M Horton
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Kurre
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Portland, OR, USA. .,OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Portland, OR, USA. .,Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3501 Civic Center Boulevard, ARC 302, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.
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Abstract
Self-renewal and differentiation are defining characteristics of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and their balanced regulation is central to lifelong function of both blood and immune systems. In addition to cell-intrinsic programs, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fate decisions are subject to extrinsic cues from within the bone marrow microenvironment and systemically. Yet, many of the paracrine and endocrine mediators that shape hematopoietic function remain to be discovered. Extracellular vesicles serve as evolutionarily conserved, constitutive regulators of cell and tissue homeostasis, with several recent reports supporting a role for extracellular vesicles in the regulation of hematopoiesis. We review the physiological and pathophysiological effects that extracellular vesicles have on bone marrow compartmental function while highlighting progress in understanding vesicle biogenesis, cargo incorporation, differential uptake, and downstream effects of vesicle internalization. This review also touches on the role of extracellular vesicles in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell fate regulation and recent advances in therapeutic and diagnostic applications of extracellular vesicles in hematologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Butler
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sherif Abdelhamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Peter Kurre
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Pediatric Blood & Cancer Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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9
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Harada A, Mallappa C, Okada S, Butler JT, Baker SP, Lawrence JB, Ohkawa Y, Imbalzano AN. Spatial re-organization of myogenic regulatory sequences temporally controls gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:2008-21. [PMID: 25653159 PMCID: PMC4344497 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During skeletal muscle differentiation, the activation of some tissue-specific genes occurs immediately while others are delayed. The molecular basis controlling temporal gene regulation is poorly understood. We show that the regulatory sequences, but not other regions of genes expressed at late times of myogenesis, are in close physical proximity in differentiating embryonic tissue and in differentiating culture cells, despite these genes being located on different chromosomes. Formation of these inter-chromosomal interactions requires the lineage-determinant MyoD and functional Brg1, the ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes. Ectopic expression of myogenin and a specific Mef2 isoform induced myogenic differentiation without activating endogenous MyoD expression. Under these conditions, the regulatory sequences of late gene loci were not in close proximity, and these genes were prematurely activated. The data indicate that the spatial organization of late genes contributes to temporal regulation of myogenic transcription by restricting late gene expression during the early stages of myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Harada
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, JST-CREST, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chandrashekara Mallappa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, JST-CREST, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - John T Butler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Stephen P Baker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jeanne B Lawrence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, JST-CREST, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Johnson LM, Butler JT, Johnston LR. Developing E-science and Research Services and Support at the University of Minnesota Health Sciences Libraries. J Libr Adm 2012; 52:754-769. [PMID: 23585706 DOI: 10.1080/01930826.2012.751291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development and implementation of e-science and research support services in the Health Sciences Libraries (HSL) within the Academic Health Center (AHC) at the University of Minnesota (UMN). A review of the broader e-science initiatives within the UMN demonstrates the needs and opportunities that the University Libraries face while building knowledge, skills, and capacity to support e-research. These experiences are being used by the University Libraries administration and HSL to apply support for the growing needs of researchers in the health sciences. Several research areas that would benefit from enhanced e-science support are described. Plans to address the growing e-research needs of health sciences researchers are also discussed.
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Butler JT, Hall LL, Smith KP, Lawrence JB. Changing nuclear landscape and unique PML structures during early epigenetic transitions of human embryonic stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:609-21. [PMID: 19449340 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complex nuclear structure of somatic cells is important to epigenomic regulation, yet little is known about nuclear organization of human embryonic stem cells (hESC). Here we surveyed several nuclear structures in pluripotent and transitioning hESC. Observations of centromeres, telomeres, SC35 speckles, Cajal Bodies, lamin A/C and emerin, nuclear shape and size demonstrate a very different "nuclear landscape" in hESC. This landscape is remodeled during a brief transitional window, concomitant with or just prior to differentiation onset. Notably, hESC initially contain abundant signal for spliceosome assembly factor, SC35, but lack discrete SC35 domains; these form as cells begin to specialize, likely reflecting cell-type specific genomic organization. Concomitantly, nuclear size increases and shape changes as lamin A/C and emerin incorporate into the lamina. During this brief window, hESC exhibit dramatically different PML-defined structures, which in somatic cells are linked to gene regulation and cancer. Unlike the numerous, spherical somatic PML bodies, hES cells often display approximately 1-3 large PML structures of two morphological types: long linear "rods" or elaborate "rosettes", which lack substantial SUMO-1, Daxx, and Sp100. These occur primarily between Day 0-2 of differentiation and become rare thereafter. PML rods may be "taut" between other structures, such as centromeres, but clearly show some relationship with the lamina, where PML often abuts or fills a "gap" in early lamin A/C staining. Findings demonstrate that pluripotent hES cells have a markedly different overall nuclear architecture, remodeling of which is linked to early epigenomic programming and involves formation of unique PML-defined structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Butler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01655, USA
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Abstract
PurposeThe University of Minnesota Libraries have developed and implemented LibCMS, an open architecture content management system (CMS) that combines with the previously‐built LibData system to meet the web page publishing and site management needs of a large research library. The purpose of this paper is to present overall observations about CMSs and their implementation, and details the requirements and design of LibCMS.Design/methodology/approachThe system's development followed an evolutionary path moving from a modest data repository, to a large system with a three‐tiered web page authoring environment, and now to a CMS with site‐level management capability. This work leaned on abstract tree structures to manage navigational hierarchy both within and between pages. Methods were developed to represent tree architecture in an RDBMS while economizing traversal and maintenance of nodes.FindingsDeveloping the CMS locally ensured that design followed the requirements of a large academic library environment and its service/business model. This also allowed the implementation to be an organic extension of existing authoring tools in the environment rather than the potentially disruptive incorporation of a new system.Research limitations/implicationsArchitectural problems encountered here have traditionally been treated outside of library and information science. The challenge both in implementation and in research has been to bridge gaps between computer science and applied technologies in libraries.Practical implicationsImplementations of open source, library‐oriented CMSs could, over time, open the door to community software development and distribution efforts.Originality/valueThis paper uniquely details the rationale and design of a library‐oriented, open architecture CMS, built to interoperate with a large, content repository.
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Abstract
Epilepsy surgery plays an important role in the management of patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and lesional epilepsies. When performed early in the course of the illness, surgery can render many patients seizure-free and greatly improve their quality of life. In southern Africa, as in many developing nations, thousands of patients could benefit from epilepsy surgery, but inequalities in healthcare provision mean that ready access to surgical facilities is largely restricted to those with private healthcare insurance. Over the past 5 years, more than 250 patients have had epilepsy surgery in Cape Town; the cause of epilepsy in six of these individuals was neurocysticercosis resulting from central nervous system infection by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium), which is a common cause of epilepsy in the tropics. In all cases, surgery was successful, with patients becoming seizure-free and reporting a much improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Butler
- University of Stellenbosch and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Hattingh TL, Butler JT, Biebuyck AL, Bolliger CT. Respiratory failure in Arnold-Chiari malformation. Respiration 2002; 69:86. [PMID: 11844969 DOI: 10.1159/000049376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T L Hattingh
- Lung Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Butler JT. The Delaware School Health Advisory Committee. J Sch Health 1995; 65:60-62. [PMID: 7776633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1995.tb03346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
For nearly 40 years, the Delaware School Health Advisory Committee (SHAC) has been improving school health education and school health services in the state. The SHAC has recommended policies to the Delaware Board of Education and the state legislature, conducted conferences and workshops, and published brochures, studies, resource guides, curricula, and pamphlets. The key to SHAC success has been its diverse membership and the cooperation it engendered in the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Butler
- Dept. of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Delaware State University, Dover 19901-2277, USA
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Butler JT. Health education and the political system. Health Educ 1983; 14:49-51. [PMID: 6443898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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