51
|
Cortinovis C, Caloni F. Epidemiology of intoxication of domestic animals by plants in Europe. Vet J 2013; 197:163-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
52
|
Tse YC, Sharp CR, Evans T. Mechanical ventilation in a dog with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor toxicosis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2013; 23:442-6. [DOI: 10.1111/vec.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki C. Tse
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University; North Grafton; MA; 01536
| | - Claire R. Sharp
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University; North Grafton; MA; 01536
| | - Timothy Evans
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory; University of Missouri; Columbia; MO; 65211
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Rivolta M, Alonge S, Davanzo F. Plant poisoning in domestic animals: epidemiological data from an Italian survey (2000-2011). Vet Rec 2013; 172:580. [PMID: 23716536 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
An Italian epidemiological study based on the human Poison Control Centre of Milan (Centro Antiveleni di Milano (CAV)) data related to domestic animal poisoning by exposure to plants, was carried out in collaboration with the Veterinary Toxicology Section of the University of Milan. It encompasses a 12-year period, from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2011. Calls related to toxic plants accounted for 5.7 per cent of total inquiries (2150) received by CAV. The dog was the most commonly poisoned species (61.8 per cent of calls) followed by the cat (26 per cent). Little information was recorded for other species. Most exposures (73.8 per cent) resulted in mild to moderate clinical signs. The outcome was reported in only 53.7 per cent of cases, and fatal poisoning accounted for 10.6 per cent of these cases. Glycoside, alkaloid, oxalate, toxalbumin, saponin, terpene and terpenoid-containing plants were recorded and found to be responsible for intoxication. Cycas revoluta, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Hydrangea macrophylla, Nerium oleander, Rhododendron species and Prunus species were the plants most frequently involved. Epidemiological data from this Italian survey provide useful information on animal exposure to plants and confirm the importance of plants as causative agents of animal poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Caloni
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Holečková B, Šiviková K, Dianovský J, Galdíková M. Effect of triazole pesticide formulation on bovine culture cells. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2013; 48:1080-1088. [PMID: 24007485 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2013.824224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To date, most data about the possible genotoxic effect of triazole pesticides are focused on laboratory animals resulting in limited information on further non-target organisms such as cattle. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of triazole (tebuconazole/prothioconazole) fungicide formulation on the induction of chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and DNA fragmentation in bovine cultured lymphocytes. Our results showed that the fungicide formulation did not induce significant number of CAs in bovine cells after 24 h treatment. Nevertheless, the dose-dependent reduction of mitotic division was observed, with the strongest effect at 30.0 μg mL(-1) in both donors (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Prolonged 48 h exposure caused the increased level of breaks in treated cultures (3.0-15.0 μg mL(-1); P < 0.05) and significant decrease in mitotic index (MI). The tested fungicide failed to produce any statistical changes in the SCE frequency neither after 24 h nor 48 h treatment. However, the significant decline of the proliferation index (PI) was observed after 24 h indicating the fungicide influence on cell cycle kinetics. Prolonged 48 h exposure caused cytotoxicity reflecting in lower PI value relative to control mainly at the highest fungicide concentrations (30.0 μg mL(-1), P < 0.001). Using painting probes for bovine chromosomes 1, 5 and 7 (BTA1, BTA5 and BTA7) only low levels of aneuploidies were detected. Significant increase of polyploidy cells (P < 0.05) was induced by a 3.0 μg mL(-1) dose of the fungicide after 48 h. DNA fragmentation assay didn't reveal the presence of DNA nucleosome ladder in cell cultures at any time (24 h and 48 h) and fungicide concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Holečková
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Varga A, Puschner B. Retrospective study of cattle poisonings in California: recognition, diagnosis, and treatment. VETERINARY MEDICINE (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2012; 3:111-127. [PMID: 30155434 PMCID: PMC6065581 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s28770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this retrospective study all suspect bovine intoxications submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2011 were reviewed. A total of 1199 cases were submitted, but a diagnosis of intoxication was only established in 13.5% of cases. In these cases, overexposures to minerals, metals, and poisonous plants were determined as the most commonly diagnosed poisonings in cattle in California. Nitrate/nitrite poisoning was the most commonly diagnosed plant-associated intoxication, followed by gossypol and oleander. This study details the diagnostic challenges and treatment options for the most commonly diagnosed intoxications. To ensure proper treatment and prevention of new cases, accurate diagnosis is necessary, and therefore this review provides an essential tool for the food animal practitioner. Available toxicological analyses are offered at select laboratories, which can be time consuming and expensive, yet the potential for residues in consumed animal products and implications for human health necessitate testing and consultation. Any potential exposure to a toxicant in cattle should be reviewed to determine whether a residue hazard exists. Therapy focuses on immediate removal of the toxicant from the environment and from the gastrointestinal tract. With few antidotes available, most are cost prohibitive to treat numerous affected cattle. In addition, most antidotes will require extra-label drug use and establishment of meat and milk withdrawal times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Varga
- William R Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Large Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Mahdeb N, Bouzidi A, Kara N, Benouadah Z, Soufane S. Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies of Alkaloids of Seeds and Synthetic Alkaloids of Datura stramonium in Female Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2012.598.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
57
|
Armentano A, Iammarino M, Lo Magro S, Muscarella M. Validation and application of multi-residue analysis of eight anticoagulant rodenticides by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 24:307-11. [PMID: 22379046 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711433354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Poisoning of domestic animals is frequently caused by anticoagulant rodenticides. Validation and applications of a rapid and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of 8 anticoagulant rodenticides (bromadiolone, brodifacoum, coumachlor, coumafuryl, coumatetralyl, difenacoum, flocoumafen, and warfarin) in baits and animal livers using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection are reported herein. The methodology was validated by an in-house validation model at 2.5 mg/kg, which is the level commonly found in the tissues of poisoned domestic animals. The 8 anticoagulants can be determined at the concentration range of 1.25-100 mg/kg with determination coefficients higher than 0.992. A recovery value from 70% to 109% was observed for all the studied molecules. The results of the validation process demonstrate suitability for application in official analysis and for monitoring purposes of animal poisoning by anticoagulant rodenticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Armentano
- Struttura Complessa, Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
A field outbreak of aflatoxicosis with high fatality rate in feedlot calves in Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-012-1543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
59
|
Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Rivolta M, Davanzo F. Animal poisoning in Italy: 10 years of epidemiological data from the Poison Control Centre of Milan. Vet Rec 2012; 170:415. [PMID: 22271801 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
From 2000 to 2010, the Poison Control Centre of Milan (CAV), in collaboration with the University of Milan, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety, Toxicology Section, collected epidemiological information related to animal poisoning and classified it in an organised and computerised data bank. Data recorded were predominantly related to small animals and to some extent to horses, ruminants and other food-production animals. Few calls were registered involving exotics and no information was recorded on wildlife. The dog was reported to be the most common species involved in animal poisoning, and pesticides constituted the primary group of toxicants. In the case of pets, 'drugs' including veterinary parasiticide and drugs for human use constituted the second class of toxicants responsible for poisoning followed by household products, plants, zootoxins and metals. With regard to horses and farm animals, the second group consisted of phytotoxins, even if only episodically. In Italy, published data on this subject are scarce but this information is crucial for better management of the poisoning of domestic animals in an effort to reduce mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Rodríguez-Estival J, Barasona JA, Mateo R. Blood Pb and δ-ALAD inhibition in cattle and sheep from a Pb-polluted mining area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 160:118-124. [PMID: 22035934 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Pb pollution on cattle and sheep raised in an ancient mining area were studied through the use of blood Pb (PbB) levels and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) activity. Lead levels in livestock blood from the mining area (n=110) were significantly elevated when compared to the controls (n=79). In 91.4% of cattle (n=58) and 13.5% of sheep (n=52) sampled in the mining area, PbB levels corresponded to subclinical exposure (6-35 μg/dl). Two young cattle (<2 years) from the mining area (n=5) had PbB levels indicative of clinical poisoning (>35 μg/dl). Elevated PbB was also accompanied by δ-ALAD activity inhibition in blood, which confirms that measurable effects of Pb poisoning were taking place. Observed PbB levels suggest that a potential risk to human consumers of beef from the Pb polluted areas may also exist, as has been shown previously for game meat from the same mining area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Rodríguez-Estival
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Doce RR, Belenguer A, Toral PG, Hervás G, Frutos P. Effect of the administration of young leaves ofQuercus pyrenaicaon rumen fermentation in relation to oak tannin toxicosis in cattle. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 97:48-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
62
|
Pérez V, Doce RR, García-Pariente C, Hervás G, Carmen Ferreras M, Mantecón ÁR, Frutos P. Oak leaf (Quercus pyrenaica) poisoning in cattle. Res Vet Sci 2011; 91:269-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
63
|
|
64
|
Guitart R, Sachana M, Caloni F, Croubels S, Vandenbroucke V, Berny P. Animal poisoning in Europe. Part 3: Wildlife. Vet J 2010; 183:260-5. [PMID: 19423367 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This review article is the third in a series on animal poisoning in Europe and represents a collation of published and non-published wildlife poisoning data from Belgium, France, Greece, Italy and Spain over the last 10 years. Birds, particularly waterfowl and raptors, were more commonly reported as victims of poisoning than wild mammals. In addition to specific but important toxicological disasters, deliberate primary or secondary poisonings are of concern to all countries. Metals (particularly lead arising from sporting/hunting activities) and pesticides (mainly anticholinesterases and anticoagulants) are frequent causes of poisoning, and often have fatal consequences. A more unified and consistent approach throughout European countries to improve the reporting and the analytical confirmation of wildlife poisoning would help to reduce the number of cases of malicious or negligent animal poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raimon Guitart
- Unit of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Mateo R. Toxicology and wildlife conservation in Europe: The inadequacy of current EU regulations. Vet J 2010; 183:241-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
66
|
Fink-Gremmels J. Defense mechanisms against toxic phytochemicals in the diet of domestic animals. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 54:249-58. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
67
|
Berny P, Caloni F, Croubels S, Sachana M, Vandenbroucke V, Davanzo F, Guitart R. Animal poisoning in Europe. Part 2: Companion animals. Vet J 2009; 183:255-9. [PMID: 19553146 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This is the second in a series of three review articles on animal poisoning in Europe and focuses on cases in pet animals and horses in five European countries (Belgium, France, Greece, Italy and Spain) reported over the last decade. In the participating countries, dogs were the most commonly poisoned species, particularly younger animals. The majority of cases in companion animals resulted from exposure to insecticides, although rodenticides (especially anticoagulants and strychnine) posed a significant risk. In all five countries, horses and cats appeared to be more susceptible to plant toxins. Intoxications with herbicides, metals, household products and drugs for veterinary and human use were reported sporadically. The review demonstrates the importance of increased awareness so as to minimise poisoning episodes and emphasises the need to establish a European system for the recording of poisoning data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Berny
- Pharmacie-Toxicologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 av. Bourgelat, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|