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Rajitha K, Sarvajith M, Venugopalan V, Nancharaiah Y. Development and performance of halophilic microalgae-colonized aerobic granular sludge for treating seawater-based wastewater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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52
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Schambeck CM, Girbal-Neuhauser E, Böni L, Fischer P, Bessière Y, Paul E, da Costa RHR, Derlon N. Chemical and physical properties of alginate-like exopolymers of aerobic granules and flocs produced from different wastewaters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123632. [PMID: 32531737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of wastewater (WW) composition and the bioaggregates types (floccular vs. aerobic granular sludge - AGS) on the content, physical-chemical, hydrogel and rheological properties of Alginate-Like Exopolymers (ALE) was studied. Results showed that ALE are a complex mixture of proteins, humic acids and polysaccharides. Overall, rather similar ALE content and composition was observed for the different types of sludge. Only the AGS fed with acetate and propionate yielded significantly larger amount of ALE (261 ± 33 mg VSALE/g VSsludge, +49%) and of uronic sugars in ALE (254 ± 32 mgglucuronic acid/g VSALE, +62%) than bioaggregates fed with no/very little volatile fatty acids. Mannuronic acids are involved in the cohesion of the hydrogels. ALE hydrogels elasticity changed significantly with the type/origin of the bioaggregates. ALE hydrogels elasticity from AGS was always higher than from flocs when fed with real WW. Hence, different types of sludge impact the properties of the recovered ALE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Moraes Schambeck
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, Brazil; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Girbal-Neuhauser
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Agroalimentaire et Environmentale (LBAE), Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Lukas Böni
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Fischer
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Etienne Paul
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa
- Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-970 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Li J, Ma Z, Gao M, Wang Y, Yang Z, Xu H, Wang XH. Enhanced aerobic granulation at low temperature by stepwise increasing of salinity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137660. [PMID: 32179296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High salinity and low temperature are generally considered to have negative effects on the formation, stability and performance of aerobic granular sludge (AGS). This study investigated whether and how salinity acclimation strategies can enhance aerobic granulation at low temperature (12 °C) in three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Stepwise increased concentrations of NaCl (2-10 and 4-20 g/L) were added to the influent of R1 and R2 with steps of 1 and 2 g/L per week respectively, while R0 was set as a control (salt-free). The granulation processes in R1 and R2 were rapidly started up within 9 days, and were completed within 21 and 18 days, respectively. By contrast, R0 took 25 days and 49 days to start and complete granulation. The salinity acclimation strategies improved sludge hydrophobicity, reduced repulsion barrier between cells, and stimulated EPS production during granulation processes, which simultaneously promoted the formation of AGS. When the influent salinity reached 14 g/L on day 35, granule hydrophobicity, density and size in R2 sharply decreased and granules began to disintegrate afterwards. When operated under salt-free condition, sludge bulking occurred in R0 since day 60. The treatment performance was thus impaired in these two reactors, especially in R2 with significant biomass loss. Conversely, the AGS developed in R1 maintained stable structure with high biomass concentration (8.0 gSS/L) and excellent treatment performance for COD (90%), ammonium (95%) and total nitrogen (70%). Genera Thauera, Azoarcus, and Nitrosomonas were more enriched, while Flavobacterium and Meganema were more suppressed in R1, which would have contributed to granule stability and treatment performance. In conclusion, great care has to be taken for cultivating and operating AGS at low temperature for treating saline wastewater. Increasing salinity with a lower salt gradient provides a possibility for rapid granulation of AGS with excellent treatment performance under such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Zhipeng Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Mingming Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yunkun Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Zhongjun Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xin-Hua Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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Energy-Efficient Single-Stage Nitrite Shunt Denitrification with Saline Sewage through Concise Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Supply: Process Performance and Microbial Communities. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060919. [PMID: 32570720 PMCID: PMC7356877 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-stage nitrite shunt denitrification (through nitrite rather than nitrate) with low dissolved oxygen (DO) supply is a better alternative in terms of energy-efficiency, short-footprint, and low C/N-ratio requirement. This study investigates the optimal DO level with temperature effect, with saline sewage at the fixed hydraulic and solids retention times of 8 h and 8 d, respectively. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis corresponding with total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals in each operating condition were performed. Results showed that DO of 0.3 mg/L at 20 °C achieved over 60.7% and over 97.9% of TN and COD removal, respectively, suggesting that such condition achieved effective nitrite-oxidizing bacteria inhibition and efficient denitrification. An unexpected finding was that sulfur-reducing Haematobacter and nitrogen-fixing Geofilum and Shinella were highly abundant with the copredominance of ammonia-oxidizing Comamonas and Nitrosomonas, nitrite-oxidizing Limnohabitans, and denitrifying Simplicispira, Castellaniella, and Nitratireductor. Further, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) with respect to the operating conditions associated with phenotype prediction via R-based tool Tax4Fun was performed for a preliminary diagnosis of microbial functionality. The effects of DO, temperature, nitrite, and nitrate in various extents toward each predominant microbe were discussed. Collectively, DO is likely pivotal in single-stage nitrite shunt denitrification, as well as microbial communities, for energy-efficient saline sewage treatment.
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Li WM, Liao XW, Guo JS, Zhang YX, Chen YP, Fang F, Yan P. New insights into filamentous sludge bulking: The potential role of extracellular polymeric substances in sludge bulking in the activated sludge process. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126012. [PMID: 31995736 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The control of filamentous sludge bulking has been regarded as an important issue in the activated sludge process due to there is still a lack of understanding of the bulking mechanisms. In this study, changes in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and metabolic profile of bulking sludge based on the proteomics level was investigated to reveal the potential role of EPS in deteriorating sludge floc stability and structure during filamentous bulking. The results showed that the EPS content gradually decreased from 210.23 mg/g volatile suspended solids (VSS) to 131.34 mg/g VSS during sludge bulking. The protein (PN) content of the EPS significantly decreased from 173.33 mg/g VSS to 95.42 mg/g VSS during sludge bulking. However, a gradual increase in polysaccharides (PS) was observed. Bacterial aggregation was hindered by the changes in the EPS and its components. The excessive proliferation of filamentous bacteria had a significant effect on the molecular functions of the extracellular PN and metabolic pathways of the EPS. The proteins associated with the hydrophobic amino acid synthesis decreased, whereas the proteins associated with the hydrophilic amino acid synthesis increased during sludge bulking. Electric repulsion was the key factor affecting the aggregation and flocculation ability of the bacteria during sludge bulking. The changes in the EPS and its components induced by the excessive proliferation of filamentous bacteria resulted in a loose floc structure and poor settling performance during sludge bulking. These findings provide new insights into sludge bulking during the activated sludge process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - You-Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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56
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Schambeck CM, Magnus BS, de Souza LCR, Leite WRM, Derlon N, Guimarães LB, da Costa RHR. Biopolymers recovery: dynamics and characterization of alginate-like exopolymers in an aerobic granular sludge system treating municipal wastewater without sludge inoculum. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 263:110394. [PMID: 32174534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alginate-like exopolymers (ALE) are present in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biological sludge such as aerobic granular sludge (AGS). The recovery of ALE from excess sludge produced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is a relevant approach for the recovery of valuable products of industrial interest. However, little is known about dynamics of ALE content in sludge and associated factors. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the dynamics of EPS and ALE in terms of content, some chemical properties and influencing environmental factors along granulation in a sequencing batch reactor treating municipal wastewater. Results indicated that the EPS content was not correlated with the development of AGS, while the ALE content was higher, more stable and steadily increased after granulation achievement. Overall, 236 ± 27 mg VSALE/g VSsludge was recovered from AGS and 187 ± 94 mg VSALE/g VSsludge from flocs. However, the lower ALE content in flocs may be compensated by the higher sludge production rate in activated sludge systems. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that ALE content positively correlates with the nutrient and organic substrate conversion, and with the fraction of large AGS. Microbial analyses indicated that a stable microbial community composition was associated with a higher and more stable ALE content. ALE recovered from both flocs and AGS was endowed with hydrogel property, and no clear difference in their elemental composition and functional groups was observed. Therefore, our study provides insights about quantitative and qualitative aspects of ALE which are helpful for the improvement of waste biological sludge valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássio Moraes Schambeck
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade University Campus, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Scandolara Magnus
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade University Campus, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Laís Cristina Rozone de Souza
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade University Campus, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Wanderli Rogério Moreira Leite
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lorena Bittencourt Guimarães
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade University Campus, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rejane Helena Ribeiro da Costa
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade University Campus, Sanitary and Environmental Engineering Department, Florianópolis, Brazil
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57
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Impact of additive application on the establishment of fast and stable aerobic granulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5697-5709. [PMID: 32415318 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a microbial biofilm self-aggregation, which is effective for nutrient and pollutant removal, through the development of dense microbial layers bound together with extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). However, long start-up times and granule disintegration are still challenges ahead. An array of external additives, including ion chelating agents, sludge-based enhancers, and magnetic influence have been tested to overcome these barriers. The application of such additives may promote enhanced EPS production, neutralization of charges on the bacterial surface, acts as a core-induced agent, or as a bridge to connect EPSs and cell surfaces. Although additives may improve the granule formation without reducing treatment efficiencies, there are still environmental concerns due to the fate and toxicity of discharged excess sludge. This mini-review identifies an array of external additives and their mechanisms to improve granulation properties, and proposes discussion about the technical and economic viability of these additives. KEY POINTS: • Additives reduce granulation time and repair granule disintegration. • Biopolymer-based additives fulfill technical and environmental requirements. • Sludge-based additives are cheap and in line with the resource recovery concept. • The need for environmental-friendly additives for aerobic granular sludge process. • External additives affect granular biomass size distribution.
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58
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Evolution of microbial dynamics with the introduction of real seawater portions in a low-strength feeding anammox process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5593-5604. [PMID: 32300855 PMCID: PMC7275097 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The salinity effect on anammox bacteria has been widely reported; however, rare studies describe the microbial dynamics of anammox-based process response to the introduction of real seawater at mainstream conditions. In this study, an anammox process at mainstream conditions without pre-enriching anammox bacteria was shifted to the feeds of a synthetic wastewater with a portion of seawater mixture. It achieved over 0.180 kg-N/(m3 day) of nitrogen removal rate with an additional seawater proportion of 20% in the influent. The bacterial biodiversity was significantly increased with the increase of seawater proportions. High relative abundance of anammox bacteria (34.24–39.92%) related to Ca. Brocadia was enriched and acclimated to the saline environment. However, the introduction of seawater caused the enrichment of nitrite-oxidizing Ca. Nitrospira, which was responsible for the deterioration of nitrogen removal efficiency. Possible adaptation metabolisms in anammox bacteria and other nitrogen transforming bacteria are discussed. These results highlight the importance of microbial diversity for anammox process under the saline environments of 20% and 40% seawater composition.
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59
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de Graaff DR, van Loosdrecht MCM, Pronk M. Biological phosphorus removal in seawater-adapted aerobic granular sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115531. [PMID: 32004912 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seawater can be introduced or intrude in sewer systems and can thereby negatively influence biological wastewater treatment processes. Here we studied the impact of artificial seawater on the enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) process performance by aerobic granular sludge (AGS) with synthetic wastewater. Process performance, granule stability and characteristics as well as microbial community of a seawater-adapted AGS system were observed. In seawater conditions strong and stable granules formed with an SVI5 of 20 mL/g and a lower abrasion coefficient than freshwater-adapted granules. Complete anaerobic uptake of acetate, anaerobic phosphate release of 59.5 ± 4.0 mg/L PO43--P (0.35 mg P/mg HAc), and an aerobic P-uptake rate of 3.1 ± 0.2 mg P/g VSS/h were achieved. The dominant phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) were the same as for freshwater-based aerobic granular sludge systems with a very high enrichment of Ca. Accumulibacter phosphatis clade I, and complete absence of glycogen accumulating organisms. The effect of osmotic downshocks was tested by replacing influent seawater-based medium by demineralized water-based medium. A temporary decrease of the salinity in the reactor led to a decreased phosphate removal activity, while it also induced a rapid release of COD by the sludge, up to 45.5 ± 1.7 mg COD/g VSS. This is most likely attributed to the release of osmolytes by the cells. Recovery of activity was immediately after restoring the seawater feeding. This work shows that functioning of aerobic granular sludge in seawater conditions is as stable as in freshwater conditions, while past research has shown a negative effect on operation of AGS processes with NaCl-based wastewater at the same salinity as seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny R de Graaff
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Pronk
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629, HZ, Delft, the Netherlands; Royal HaskoningDHV, Laan1914 35, Amersfoort, 3800, AL, the Netherlands
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60
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Li W, Yao JC, Zhuang JL, Zhou YY, Shapleigh JP, Liu YD. Metagenomics revealed the phase-related characteristics during rapid development of halotolerant aerobic granular sludge. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105548. [PMID: 32066002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to produce aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for high-efficient and stable nutrient removal in high saline wastewaters have gained much attention recently. This study was undertaken to describe the phase-related characteristics of the rapid formation of glucose-fed salt-tolerant AGS (SAGS) generated from common municipal activated sludge using metagenomic approaches. The time needed for SAGS formation is about 11 days in a multi-ion matrix salinity of 3%. There were three distinct developmental phases during sludge maturation which were designated: I) the salinity adaptation phase (days 1-2), II) the particle-size transition phase (days 3-5) and III) the maturation and steady-state phase (days 6-11), respectively. Genome-based analysis revealed that during the phase I, members of the genus Mangrovibacter, which has the potential to secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), dominated during the formation of initial SAGS aggregates. During phase II, fungi of the class Saccharomycetes, in particular the genus Geotrichum, became dominant and provided a matrix for bacterial attachment. This mutualistic interaction supported the rapid development and maintenance of mature SAGS. This work characterizes a robust approach for the rapid development of SAGS for efficient saline sewage treatment and provides unique insight into the granulation mechanism occurring during the development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Chi Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Long Zhuang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yong-di Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
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61
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Wu X, Li H, Lei L, Ren J, Li W, Liu Y. Tolerance to short-term saline shocks by aerobic granular sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125370. [PMID: 31759216 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In industrial wastewaters, rapid shifts of salinity leading to transient shocks caused damages on biological treatments. Aerobic granular sludge is a promising technology that showed its greater resistance to adverse conditions. However, the impact of short-term saline shocks on the performance of aerobic granular sludge process was not studied sufficiently. This study investigated salt-tolerance ability of aerobic granular sludge from aspects of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and sludge concentration under different saline shocks that shock concentration ranged from 0 to 60 gNaCl/L and shock duration was set at 6 h. The results showed that no obvious change of sludge concentration after all saline shocks. Moreover, COD removal efficiencies could revert to 90.7% and 87.5% that was near to the previous level (90.9%) in short-term recovery after 20 g/L and 40 g/L saline shocks. However, stable COD removal efficiency (73.8%) could not recover to the previous level (90.9%) after 60 g/L saline shock. These results suggest aerobic granular sludge has an excellent ability to withstand up to 40 g/L saline shock. The corresponding salt-tolerance reasons could be explained from three aspects. After 40 g/L saline shock, the specific oxygen uptake rate of aerobic granular sludge could recover to ensure biological activity. Aerobic granular sludge with the integrity coefficients of 87.6% maintained compact structure. In addition, aerobic granular sludge with relative small DNA leakage of 177.2% has advantages to diminish damage on cell structure. These results provide further insight into the application of aerobic granular sludge for saline-shock wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Jiongqiu Ren
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
| | - Yongdi Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
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62
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Jiang Y, Shang Y, Gong T, Hu Z, Yang K, Shao S. High concentration of Mn 2+ has multiple influences on aerobic granular sludge for aniline wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124945. [PMID: 31726594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of high concentration of Mn2+ on the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems for aniline wastewater treatment was systematically investigated in terms of AGS formation and pollutant removal efficiency. Two parallel sequencing batch reactors were operated to treat the aniline-rich wastewater with and without 20 mg L-1 of Mn2+. In the presence of Mn2+, the time to granulation was prolonged from 23 d to 30 d due to the toxicity of the high concentration of Mn2+. However, the mature granules with Mn2+ produced more protein and polysaccharides, and had a larger size (870 μm) than that without Mn2+ (740 μm). The extracellular polymeric substances of the granules in the two reactors had similar protein compositions, but some functional groups increased with Mn2+. The reactors showed high overall removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand, NH4+-N, and total nitrogen with average concentrations below 40, 1.0, and 19 mg L-1, respectively, in the effluents. In one typical operating cycle, however, Mn2+ retarded nitrification and the degradation of aniline, while promoted denitrification. The microbial community analysis revealed that the growth of Terrisporobacter, Pseudomonas, and many other bacteria responsible for aniline degradation was inhibited by Mn2+, and so were the strains involved in nitrification. In contrast, Mn2+ facilitated the growth of denitrifying bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yu Shang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tengjing Gong
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zixin Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Senlin Shao
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Zhang B, Li W, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Shi W, Cui F, Lens PNL, Tay JH. A sustainable strategy for effective regulation of aerobic granulation: Augmentation of the signaling molecule content by cultivating AHL-producing strains. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115193. [PMID: 31670083 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The positive roles of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing (QS) in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) have been widely acknowledged. However, it is not feasible to manipulate granulation via direct addition of AHL chemicals or AHL-producing strains. Here, several strains with high AHL-producing capacity were successfully isolated from AGS. These QS strains were cultivated, mixed as a consortium, and then divided into two groups: AHLs supernatant and bacterial cells encapsulated in sodium alginate (CEBs). The potential of QS regulation, via doses of AHLs supernatant and CEBs, in accelerating granulation was evaluated. Results clearly indicated that short-term (days 21-70) addition of AHLs supernatant led to a rapid specific growth rate (0.08 d-1), compact structure without filamentous bacteria overgrowth, excellent settlement performance (SVI10 37.2 mL/g), and a high integrity coefficient (4.4%) of the granules. Sustainable release of AHLs (mainly C6- and C8-HSL) was induced by exogenous AHLs, possibly attributed to the enrichment of the genera Aeromonas and Pseudomonas. Further, tryptophan and aromatic protein substances were produced to maintain structural stability, suggesting that short-term QS regulation had long-term positive effects on the characteristics of AGS. By comparison, the addition of CEBs posed negligible or negative impact on the granulation, as evidenced by the rupture of smaller aggregates and poor characteristics of AGS. Overall, augmentation of the signaling content via addition of AHLs supernatant from QS strains is an economical and feasible regulation strategy to accelerate granulation and sustain long-term structural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Wenxin Shi
- School of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Fuyi Cui
- School of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601 DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Joo Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Meng F, Huang W, Liu D, Zhao Y, Huang W, Lei Z, Zhang Z. Application of aerobic granules-continuous flow reactor for saline wastewater treatment: Granular stability, lipid production and symbiotic relationship between bacteria and algae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 295:122291. [PMID: 31670206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study a continuous flow reactor (CFR) was employed to compare the feasibility of bacterial aerobic granular sludge (AGS-CFR) and algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS-CFR) for treating 1-4% saline wastewater. High salinity was found to enhance algae growth in ABGS-CFR, which exhibited slightly higher total nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies at 1-3% salinity. ABGS-CFR maintained good granular stability at 1-4% salinity, while AGS-CFR gradually disintegrated at 4% salinity with 39.3% less accumulation of alginate-like exopolysaccharides in the extracellular polymeric substances. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) analysis suggested that bacteria and algae (Nitzschia) in ABGS-CFR formed a good symbiotic relationship under high salinity conditions, achieving rapid algae growth and 2 times lipid production. High salinity was conducive to enriching Halomonas and Nitzschia but unfavorable for Nitrosomonas and Flavobacterium. Results from this study could provide useful information on interactions between bacteria and algae in ABGS-CFR for its future practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fansheng Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, No. 58, Renmin Road, Meilan District, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Wenli Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 92, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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65
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Yin Y, Liu F, Wang L, Sun J. Overcoming the instability of aerobic granular sludge under nitrogen deficiency through shortening settling time. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121620. [PMID: 31229861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the short settling time strategy to overcome the instability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) under nitrogen deficiency. AGS variations in its physical and chemical characteristics and microbial community were investigated. Results showed that nitrogen deficiency led to the instability of AGS, while short settling time strategy could overcome the instability of AGS under nitrogen deficiency. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), especially, the increased secretion of polysaccharide and proteins with amide III groups at the short settling time enhanced the stability of the granules under nitrogen deficiency. Unclassified_f_Microbacteriaceae shifted to be the major bacteria group at short settling time, along with the decrease of Meganema and Rhodobacter and the increase of Lysobacter, which may play an important role in enhancing AGS stability. Therefore, shortening settling time supports an effective strategy for applications of AGS under nitrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Yin
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Development Research Center of the Ministry of Water Resources of P.R. China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
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66
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Li X, Lin S, Hao T, Khanal SK, Chen G. Elucidating pyrolysis behaviour of activated sludge in granular and flocculent form: Reaction kinetics and mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 162:409-419. [PMID: 31299428 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis kinetics of sewage sludge was studied to determine the constituent of sludge and explore the feasibility of pyrolytic post-treatment. Both flocculent sludge and granular sludge were pyrolysed in a thermogravimetric analyser under inert atmospheric conditions. The pyrolysis of granular sludge and flocculent sludge were described by three parallel reactions model with three individual pseudo-components. The decomposition activation energy values of the three pseudo-components were determined by iso-conversional methods to be 263.97 kJ/mol, 257.18 kJ/mol and 153.61 kJ/mol in flocculent sludge and 139.89 kJ/mol, 228.78 kJ/mol and 142.78 kJ/mol in granular sludge, respectively. Granular sludge exhibited better thermal stability but lower devolatilisation activation energy than flocculent sludge, which could be attributed by enriched alkali and alkaline metals during granulation. Master plots of experimental data sets suggested that the decomposition of all organic pseudo-components of flocculent sludge followed the nth-order mechanism while the pyrolytic mechanism of the first organic fraction in granular sludge coincided with random nucleation and nuclei growth. By investigating the pyrolytic behaviour, this study sheds light on the composition of granular sludge and the impact of sludge components on granular sludge pyrolysis, and lays the foundation for the treatment of waste granular sludge with potential for resource and energy recovery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Li
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawai᾽i at Mānoa, 1995 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
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67
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Fang P, He X, Li J, Yang G, Wang Z, Sun Z, Zhang X, Zhao C. Impact of sodium ion on multivalent metal ion content in extracellular polymeric substances of granular sludge from an expanded granular sludge bed. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3105-3113. [PMID: 29668358 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1466919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The long-term and short-term effects of salinity on the multivalent metal ions within extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) were investigated in this study. The results indicated that the Na+ content within the EPS increased significantly from 19.53% to 60.86% under high salinity, and this content in the saline system was 2.2 times higher than that of the control system at the end of the operation. The K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents within the EPS decreased from 33.85%, 39.19% and 5.54% to 7.07%, 25.64% and 3.28%, respectively, when the salinity was increased from 0 g/L to 30 g/L. These ions were replaced by Na+ through ion exchange and competing ionic binding sites under salt stress. The interaction between divalent metal ions and Na+ was reversible with the adaption of anammox to salinity. Salinity exhibited a limited influence on the Fe3+ within the EPS. Sludge granulation was inhibited under conditions of high salinity due to the replacement of multivalent metal ions by Na+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixiang Fang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University , Shihezi , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlin He
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University , Shihezi , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps , Shihezi , People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University , Shihezi , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps , Shihezi , People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University , Shihezi , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps , Shihezi , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University , Shihezi , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps , Shihezi , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University , Shihezi , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhao
- College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University , Shihezi , People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University , Chongqing , People's Republic of China
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68
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Gu YG, Gao YP. An unconstrained ordination- and GIS-based approach for identifying anthropogenic sources of heavy metal pollution in marine sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 146:100-105. [PMID: 31426134 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new method consisting of enrichment factor (EF) determination, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS), and the geographic information system (GIS) technique was firstly developed to identify anthropogenic heavy metal sources in marine sediments of Hong Kong. Firstly, the EF was determined to differentiate between heavy metals originating from human and natural sources. Subsequently, NMS was applied to identify various source patterns of heavy metals, and the NMS score was calculated and spatially interpolated using GIS technology to evaluate the spatial influences of anthropogenic impacts in different areas. The concentrations of heavy metals in sediments of Hong Kong substantially exceeded their background values, demonstrating anthropogenic pollution. Two different types of human sources could be identified via NMS, one representing the industrial pollution discharges in the period from the 1960s to the 1980s before pollution control was introduced and one representing sewage discharge before the Tolo Harbour Action Plan in the mid-1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Guang Gu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510300, China; Key Laboratory of Open-Sea Fishery Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Yan-Peng Gao
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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69
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Guo G, Wu D, Ekama GA, Ivleva NP, Hao X, Dai J, Cui Y, Kumar Biswal B, Chen G. Investigation of multiple polymers in a denitrifying sulfur conversion-EBPR system: The structural dynamics and storage states. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 156:179-187. [PMID: 30913421 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polyphosphate (poly-P) and polysulfide or elemental sulfur (poly-S) are the key functionally relevant polymers involved in the recently reported Denitrifying Sulfur conversion-associated Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (DS-EBPR) process. However, little is known about the structural dynamics and storage states of these polymers. In particular, investigating the poly-S generated in this process is quite a superior challenge. This study was thus aimed at simultaneously qualitative-quantitative investigating poly-S and associated poly-P and PHAs through the integrated chemical analysis and Raman micro-spectroscopy coupled with multiple microscopic methods (i.e. optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and differential interference contrast microscopy). The chemical analytical results displayed a stable DS-EBPR phenotype in terms of sulfur conversion, P release/uptake and the dynamics of relevant polymers. The multiple microscopic images and Raman spectrum profiles further clearly demonstrated the existence of the polymers and their dynamic changes under alternating anaerobic-anoxic conditions, consistent with the chemical analytical results. In particular, Raman analysis for the first time unraveled the co-existence of S0/Sn2- species stored either intracellularly or extracellularly; and the dynamic conversions between S0/Sn2- and other sulfur species suggest that there might be a universal pool of bioavailable sulfur. The results reveal the mechanisms underlying the structural dynamics and changes in storage states of the relevant polymers that are functionally relevant to the carbon/phosphorus/sulfur-cycles during different metabolic phases. These mechanisms would otherwise not be obtained only using a traditional chemical analysis-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan, 430074, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese, National Engineering Research Center for Control, Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese, National Engineering Research Center for Control, Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China.
| | - George A Ekama
- Water Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natalia P Ivleva
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Future Urban Design, Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Ji Dai
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese, National Engineering Research Center for Control, Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanxiang Cui
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese, National Engineering Research Center for Control, Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Basanta Kumar Biswal
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese, National Engineering Research Center for Control, Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Branch of the Chinese, National Engineering Research Center for Control, Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Wastewater Treatment Laboratory, FYT Graduate School, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
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70
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Zhao Z, Liu S, Yang X, Lei Z, Shimizu K, Zhang Z, Lee DJ, Adachi Y. Stability and performance of algal-bacterial granular sludge in shaking photo-sequencing batch reactors with special focus on phosphorus accumulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:497-501. [PMID: 30819417 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The granular stability, nutrients removal and phosphorus (P) accumulation of algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was examined by using shaking photoreactors (at a fixed light/dark cycle of 12 h/12 h). During the 25 days' operation, algal-bacterial AGS possessed good granular integrity (8.4 ± 0.6%), and excellent removals of dissolved organic carbon (94.8 ± 1.6%) and total nitrogen (71.1 ± 3.3%). More extracellular proteins (153.7 ± 2.3 mg/g) were excreted from the granules with a high proteins/polysaccharides ratio (∼7.4) on day 25, especially the tightly bound proteins mainly responsible for granular stability. Decrease in P content, especially non-apatite inorganic P relating to Fe-PO4 precipitates, was detected in the granules to some extent, although 54.8 ± 17.1% of total P removal was achieved during the light-on cycles. Still, high P bioavailability (92.0%) was kept in the algal-bacterial AGS throughout the test period. Further optimization of light-on/light-off cycle and hydraulic/sludge retention time is demanding for better and stable P accumulation in the algal-bacterial granules with high bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhao
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Sen Liu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yasuhisa Adachi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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71
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Yin Y, Sun J, Liu F, Wang L. Effect of nitrogen deficiency on the stability of aerobic granular sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:307-313. [PMID: 30594841 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To assess the stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) under nitrogen deficiency conditions, three sequence batch reactors were operated with chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen (N) ratios of 100/5, 100/2.5, and 100/2, while COD concentration was kept consistent. AGS variations in its physicochemical characteristics, microbial community, and treatment performance were investigated. The results indicated that good treatment performance and stable AGS were achieved under nitrogen deficiency. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) regulating mechanism preserved AGS stability under nitrogen deficiency, especially through increased secretion of polysaccharide. In addition, members of the Anaerolineaceae were the major filamentous bacteria, which are strictly anaerobic organism, providing a possible explanation to the lack of filamentous bacteria outgrowth under N deficient condition. Insights from this study could help lower chemical costs in AGS applications for specific industrial wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjun Yin
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Development Research Center of the Ministry of Water Resources of P.R. China, Beijing 100038, China
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72
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Zhang Z, Qiu J, Xiang R, Yu H, Xu X, Zhu L. Organic loading rate (OLR) regulation for enhancement of aerobic sludge granulation: Role of key microorganism and their function. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:630-637. [PMID: 30414591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
According to unique growth characteristics of various environmental microorganism specially with different substrates and their levels, aerobic sludge granulation are studied under different operation mode of influent organic loading rate (OLR), and the EPS component, sludge surface characters and functional microbes are analyzed to achieve a novel process for stable sludge granulation. Results showed that activated sludge cultivated under gradient influent OLR decreasing from 5.5 to 3.5 kgCOD m-3 d-1 achieved complete granulation with average size of 438 μm and exopolysaccharide (PS) to protein (PN) ratio over 2.0. Meanwhile, these granules had excellent flocculability and hydrophobicity with Zeta potential and contact angle of -15 mV and 110°, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) illustrated that microbes with function of EPS secretion enriched with decreased OLR regulation for their suitable specific growth characteristics, then promoted other microbes aggregation and sludge granulation along with the improvement of cellular surface characters and microbial niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianxiang Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ronghao Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haitian Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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73
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Zhang Z, Yu Z, Wang Z, Ma K, Xu X, Alvarezc PJJ, Zhu L. Understanding of aerobic sludge granulation enhanced by sludge retention time in the aspect of quorum sensing. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:226-234. [PMID: 30342427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) reactors with different sludge retention times (SRTs) were established for enhanced functional microorganism enrichment and granular formation. Results showed that higher total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency and compact granules were achieved in the 6-day-SRT reactor. Also, Xanthomonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae and Hyphomonadaceae with AHL-producing and EPS-secreting functions also enriched under 6-day SRT. For investigating the enhanced mechanism of sludge granulation, typical quorum sensing signals of acylated-homoserine-lactones (AHLs) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were analyzed. Tryptophan-and-protein-like substances were major EPS components in granules formed at 6-day SRT. Meanwhile, most detected AHLs, i.e. C8-HSL and 3OHC8-HSL, were correlated positively with contents of tryptophan-and-protein-like substances. According to AHLs add-back test, AHLs especially those with 8-carbon sidechains, played important roles in aerobic sludge granulation via secreting special extracellular proteins by functional microbes enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuodong Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarezc
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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74
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Fang F, Yang MM, Wang H, Yan P, Chen YP, Guo JS. Effect of high salinity in wastewater on surface properties of anammox granular sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:366-375. [PMID: 30015127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial surface properties fundamentally affect the stability and aggregation of anammox granular sludge. The variation in the surface properties of the granular sludge at different salinities were investigated to further clarify the effect of salinity on the aggregation of anammox granular sludge in this study. High anammox activity was obtained at a salinity of 30 g/L NaCl, and the average removal efficiency of NH4+N, NO2--N and TN reached 91.9% ± 1.4%, 97.3% ± 0.4% and 86.3% ± 0.9%, respectively. The sludge particle size in Reactor 1 (with 0 g/L NaCl as control) and Reactor 2 (with 0, 15 and 30 g/L NaCl) increased from 1.62 ± 0.16 mm and 1.59 ± 0.12 mm to 2.71 ± 0.23 mm and 2.44 ± 0.19 mm, respectively, during total operation. PN gradually decreased from 30.58 ± 2.5 mg/g to 18.11 ± 2.1 mg/g, and PS sharply increased from 1.48 ± 0.09 mg/g to 10.52 ± 0.50 mg/g with the increase in salinity. The PS/PN ratio of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) rapidly increased from 0.05 to 0.58 with an increase of salinity. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that salinity inhibited the expression of anammox sludge hydrophobicity by changing surface groups. Binding between multivalent metal ions and EPS was significantly hindered by the high Na+ concentration. The results of this study provided a better understanding of the effect of salinity on the stability and aggregation of anammox granular sludge in saline wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ming-Ming Yang
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Han Wang
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| | - You-Peng Chen
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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75
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Zhao Y, Liu S, Jiang B, Feng Y, Zhu T, Tao H, Tang X, Liu S. Genome-Centered Metagenomics Analysis Reveals the Symbiotic Organisms Possessing Ability to Cross-Feed with Anammox Bacteria in Anammox Consortia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:11285-11296. [PMID: 30199629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although using anammox communities for efficient wastewater treatment has attracted much attention, the pure anammox bacteria are difficult to obtain, and the potential roles of symbiotic bacteria in anammox performance are still elusive. Here, we combined long-term reactor operation, genome-centered metagenomics, community functional structure, and metabolic pathway reconstruction to reveal multiple potential cross-feedings during anammox reactor start-up according to the 37 recovered metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). We found Armatimonadetes and Proteobacteria could contribute the secondary metabolites molybdopterin cofactor and folate for anammox bacteria to benefit their activity and growth. Chloroflexi-affiliated bacteria encoded the function of biosynthesizing exopolysaccharides for anammox consortium aggregation, based on the partial nucleotide sugars produced by anammox bacteria. Chlorobi-affiliated bacteria had the ability to degrade extracellular proteins produced by anammox bacteria to amino acids to affect consortium aggregation. Additionally, the Chloroflexi-affiliated bacteria harbored genes for a nitrite loop and could have a dual role in anammox performance during reactor start-up. Cross-feeding in anammox community adds a different dimension for understanding microbial interactions and emphasizes the importance of symbiotic bacteria in the anammox process for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Management and Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Emerging Contaminants Detection & Control in Water Environment , Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shenzhen 518001 , China
| | - Huchun Tao
- School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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76
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Sarma SJ, Tay JH. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal mechanisms of aerobic granules. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:1077-1088. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1451481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Jyoti Sarma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bennett University, Greater Noida, India
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Joo-Hwa Tay
- Department of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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77
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Zhao Y, Feng Y, Li J, Guo Y, Chen L, Liu S. Insight into the Aggregation Capacity of Anammox Consortia during Reactor Start-Up. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:3685-3695. [PMID: 29505708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Anammox aggregates have been extensively observed in high-efficiency nitrogen-removal reactors, yet the variation and inherent cause of its aggregation capacity related to reactor operation are still unknown. Here, we used microbial detection, metabolomics, extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory, and multivariate statistical analysis to address this issue. The aggregation capacity of anammox consortia varied periodically during reactor operation, which was determined by the hydrophobic force and the ratio of extracellular protein (PN) to extracellular polysaccharides (PS). Fundamentally, it related to the variation of polysaccharides degradation bacteria abundance and the discrepancy of consortia metabolism. Specifically, the distinguishable up-regulation of the amino acids Phe, Leu, Ala, Thr, Gly, Glu, and Val potentially contributed to the high biosynthesis of extracellular PN. Together with the reduced extracellular PS production that was regulated via the uridine diphosphate (UDP)- N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and UDP- N-acetyl-d-galactosamine pathways, the elevated extracellular PN-to-PS ratio resulted in the obviously increased extracellular hydrophobicity and aggregation capacity. Additionally, the overtly enriched phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis pathway was also vital to increasing extracellular hydrophobicity to accelerate aggregation. Understanding aggregation capacity variation is useful for advancing anammox aggregation for its application in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences , Ministry of Education of China , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences , Ministry of Education of China , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences , Ministry of Education of China , Beijing 100871 , China
- School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yongzhao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences , Ministry of Education of China , Beijing 100871 , China
- School of Environment and Energy , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences , Ministry of Education of China , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences , Ministry of Education of China , Beijing 100871 , China
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78
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Ou D, Li H, Li W, Wu X, Wang YQ, Liu YD. Salt-tolerance aerobic granular sludge: Formation and microbial community characteristics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:132-138. [PMID: 29040846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The salt-tolerance aerobic granular sludge (SAGS) dominated by moderately halophilic bacteria was successfully cultured in a 9% (w/v) salty, lab-scale sequence batch reactor (SBR) system. Influence of high salinity (0-9% w/v NaCl) on the formation, performance and microbial succession of the SAGS were explored. Crystal nucleus hypothesis, selection pressure hypothesis and compressed double electric layers hypothesis were used to discuss the formation mechanism of SAGS. Notably, salinity could be seen as a kind of selection pressure contributed to the formation of SAGS, while salinity also declined the performance of SAGS system. High throughput 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the salinity had great influence on the species succession and community structure of SAGS. Moreover, Salinicola and Halomonas were dominant at 9% salt concentration, therefore moderate halophiles were identified as functional groups for the tolerance of hypersaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiao Wu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yi-Qiao Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yong-di Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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79
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Thwaites BJ, van den Akker B, Reeve PJ, Short MD, Dinesh N, Alvarez-Gaitan JP, Stuetz R. Ecology and performance of aerobic granular sludge treating high-saline municipal wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:1107-1114. [PMID: 29488974 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The successful development of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for secondary wastewater treatment has been linked to a dedicated anaerobic feeding phase, which enables key microbes such as poly-phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating organisms to gain a competitive advantage over floc-forming organisms. The application of AGS to treat high-saline sewage and its subsequent impacts on microbial ecology, however, are less well understood. In this study, the impacts of high-saline sewage on AGS development, performance and ecology were investigated using molecular microbiology methods. Two feeding strategies were compared at pilot scale: a full (100%) anaerobic feed; and a partial (33%) anaerobic feed. The results were compared to a neighbouring full-scale conventional activated sludge (CAS) system (100% aerobic). We observed that AGS developed under decreased anaerobic contact showed a comparable formation, stability and nitrogen removal performance to the 100% anaerobically fed system. Analysis of the microbial ecology showed that the altered anaerobic contact had minimal effect on the abundances of the functional nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria and Archaea; however, there were notable ecological differences when comparing different sized granules. In contrast to previous work, a large enrichment in PAOs in AGS was not observed in high-saline wastewater, which coincided with poor observed phosphate removal performance. Instead, AGS exhibited a substantial enrichment in sulfide-oxidising bacteria, which was complemented by elemental analysis that identified the presence of elemental sulfur precipitation. The potential role for these organisms in AGS treating high-saline wastewater is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Thwaites
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia E-mail:
| | - Ben van den Akker
- South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia; School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia; Health and Environment Group, School of the Environment, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Petra J Reeve
- South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Michael D Short
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia E-mail: ; School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Nirmala Dinesh
- South Australian Water Corporation, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | | | - Richard Stuetz
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia E-mail:
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80
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Nancharaiah YV, Kiran Kumar Reddy G. Aerobic granular sludge technology: Mechanisms of granulation and biotechnological applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:1128-1143. [PMID: 28985995 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a novel microbial community which allows simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in a single sludge system. AGS is distinct from activated sludge in physical, chemical and microbiological properties and offers compact and cost-effective treatment for removing oxidized and reduced contaminants from wastewater. AGS sequencing batch reactors have shown their utility in the treatment of abattoir, live-stock, rubber, landfill leachate, dairy, brewery, textile and other effluents. AGS is extensively researched for wide-spread implementation in sewage treatment plants. However, formation of AGS takes relatively much longer time while treating low-strength wastewaters like sewage. Strategies like increased volumetric flow by means of short cycles and mixing of sewage with industrial wastewaters can promote AGS formation while treating low-strength sewage. This article reviewed the state of research on AGS formation mechanisms, bioremediation capabilities and biotechnological applications of AGS technology in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y V Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
| | - G Kiran Kumar Reddy
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
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