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Cheng Y, Dong H, Lu Y, Hou K, Wang Y, Ning Q, Li L, Wang B, Zhang L, Zeng G. Toxicity of sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron to Escherichia coli in aqueous solutions. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:523-530. [PMID: 30594805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S/nZVI) has been widely studied for groundwater remediation, but the potential environmental risks are poorly understood. This study examined the toxicity of S/nZVI to Escherichia coli in aqueous solutions. The sulfidation could reduce toxicity of nZVI, and S/nZVI exhibited a weaker toxicity at lower Fe/S molar ratio, resulting from the lower Fe0 content and higher sulfate and iron oxide. The toxicity of S/nZVI was significantly alleviated in the presence of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (a scavenger for reactive oxygen species (ROS)), revealing that the ROS-induced oxidative stress was the principal mechanism. Moreover, Transmission Electron Microscopy images elucidated that the membranes of S/nZVI-treated cells were disrupted and S/nZVI existed on E. coli surface and in the cytoplasm. S/nZVI might have interacted with the amine, carboxyl, and ester groups on E. coli cell surface, as demonstrated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis. However, the presence of individual groundwater component (e.g., Ca2+, SO42-, HCO3- and humic acid) could more or less alleviate the toxicity of S/nZVI. Furthermore, S/nZVI only exhibited slight toxic effect (<0.15-log after 1 h) in the presence of the mixed components. The same faint toxicity was observed for the aged S/nZVI, indicating that S/nZVI could lose its toxicity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Yue Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Kunjie Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Qin Ning
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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Dong H, Li L, Lu Y, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Ning Q, Wang B, Zhang L, Zeng G. Integration of nanoscale zero-valent iron and functional anaerobic bacteria for groundwater remediation: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 124:265-277. [PMID: 30660027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The technology of integrating nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and functional anaerobic bacteria has broad prospects for groundwater remediation. This review focuses on the interactions between nZVI and three kinds of functional anaerobic bacteria: organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB), sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and iron reducing bacteria (IRB), which are commonly used in the anaerobic bioremediation. The coupling effects of nZVI and the functional bacteria on the contaminant removal in the integrated system are summarized. Generally, nZVI could create a suitable living condition for the growth and activity of anaerobic bacteria. OHRB and SRB could synergistically degrade organic halides and remove heavy metals with nZVI, and IRB could reactive the passivated nZVI by reducing the iron (hydr)oxides on the surface of nZVI. Moreover, the roles of these anaerobic bacteria in contaminant removal coupling with nZVI and the degradation mechanisms are illustrated. In addition, this review also discusses the main factors influencing the removal efficiency of contaminants in the integrated treatment system, including nZVI species and dosage, inorganic ions, organic matters, pH, type of pollutants, temperature, and carbon/energy sources, etc. Among these factors, the nZVI species and dosage play a fundamental role due to the potential cytotoxicity of nZVI, which might exert a negative impact on the performance of this integrated system. Lastly, the future research needs are proposed to better understand this integrated technology and effectively apply it in groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Long Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yue Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yujun Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yaoyao Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Qin Ning
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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Dong H, Cheng Y, Lu Y, Hou K, Zhang L, Li L, Wang B, Wang Y, Ning Q, Zeng G. Comparison of toxicity of Fe/Ni and starch-stabilized Fe/Ni nanoparticles toward Escherichia coli. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ravikumar K, Sudakaran SV, Ravichandran K, Pulimi M, Natarajan C, Mukherjee A. Green synthesis of NiFe nano particles using Punica granatum peel extract for tetracycline removal. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2019; 210:767-776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
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Xia M, Chen Z, Li Y, Li C, Ahmad NM, Cheema WA, Zhu S. Removal of Hg(ii) in aqueous solutions through physical and chemical adsorption principles. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20941-20953. [PMID: 35515526 PMCID: PMC9066024 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01924c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorption has been the focus of research on the treatment of heavy metal mercury pollution since it is among the most toxic heavy metals in existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- PR China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Engineering Materials Institute
- School of Mechanical, Materials & Mechatronics Engineering
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- PR China
| | - Chuanhua Li
- Shanghai Solid Waste Disposal Co. Ltd
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Nasir M. Ahmad
- Polymer Research Lab
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME)
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)
- Islamabad-44000
- Pakistan
| | - Waqas A. Cheema
- Polymer Research Lab
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME)
- National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)
- Islamabad-44000
- Pakistan
| | - Shenmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- PR China
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Deng H, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Ma Z, Mao Z. Reductive performance of ZVI/Cu polyscale particle to decolorize reactive black 5. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 82:134-143. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textileMinistry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University Shanghai China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHUDonghua University Shanghai China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textileMinistry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University Shanghai China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHUDonghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textileMinistry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University Shanghai China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHUDonghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zengqiang Ma
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textileMinistry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University Shanghai China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHUDonghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textileMinistry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University Shanghai China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology of DHUDonghua University Shanghai China
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Bae S, Collins RN, Waite TD, Hanna K. Advances in Surface Passivation of Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:12010-12025. [PMID: 30277777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) is one of the most extensively studied nanomaterials in the fields of wastewater treatment and remediation of soil and groundwater. However, rapid oxidative transformations of NZVI can result in reduced NZVI reactivity. Indeed, the surface passivation of NZVI is considered one of the most challenging aspects in successfully applying NZVI to contaminant degradation. The oxidation of NZVI can lead to the formation of FeII-bearing phases (e.g., FeIIO, FeII(OH)2, FeIIFeIII2O4) on the NZVI surface or complete oxidation to ferric (oxyhydr)oxides (e.g., FeIIIOOH). This corrosion phenomenon is dependent upon various factors including the composition of NZVI itself, the type and concentration of aqueous species, reaction time and oxic/anoxic environments. As such, the coexistence of different Fe oxidation states on NZVI surfaces may also, in some instances, provide a unique reactive microenvironment to promote the adsorption of contaminants and their subsequent transformation via redox reactions. Thus, an understanding of passivation chemistry, and its related mechanisms, is essential not only for effective NZVI application but also for accurately assessing the positive and negative effects of NZVI surface passivation. The aim of this review is to discuss the nature of the passivation processes that occur and the passivation byproducts that form in various environments. In particular, the review presents: (i) the strengths and limitations of state-of-the-art techniques (e.g., electron microscopies and X-ray-based spectroscopies) to identify passivation byproducts; (ii) the passivation mechanisms proposed to occur in anoxic and oxic environments; and (iii) the effects arising from synthesis procedures and the presence of inorganics/organics on the nature of the passivation byproducts that form. In addition, several depassivation strategies that may assist in increasing and/or maintaining the reactivity of NZVI are considered, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of NZVI in contaminant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Bae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Konkuk University , 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu , Seoul 05029 , Republic of Korea
| | - Richard N Collins
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - T David Waite
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Khalil Hanna
- Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes , CNRS, ISCR-UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes , France
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Zhou Y, Xiang Y, He Y, Yang Y, Zhang J, Luo L, Peng H, Dai C, Zhu F, Tang L. Applications and factors influencing of the persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes for the remediation of groundwater and soil contaminated with organic compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 359:396-407. [PMID: 30055429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate is the latest oxidant which is being used increasingly for the remediation of groundwater and soil contaminated with organic compounds. It is of great significant to offer readers a general summary about different methods of activating persulfate, mainly including heat-activated, metal ions-activated, UV-activated, and alkaline-activated. Meanwhile, in addition to persulfate concentration as an influencing factor for persulfate oxidation process, selected information like temperature, anions, cations, pH, and humic acid are presented and discussed. The last section focuses on the advantages of different activated persulfate processes, and the suggestions and research needs for persulfate-based advanced oxidation in the remediation of polluted groundwater and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yujia Xiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yangzhuo He
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hui Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chunhao Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Enhanced Catalytic Dechlorination of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene Using Ni/Pd Bimetallic Nanoparticles Prepared by a Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8090390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit advantageous electrical, optical, and catalytic properties. Among the various NP synthesis methods, pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) is currently attracting much attention because of its simplicity and versatility. In this study, a pulsed laser was used to produce nickel/palladium (Ni/Pd) bimetallic NPs in methanol and deionized water. The morphological and optical properties of the resulting Ni/Pd bimetallic NPs were characterized. The synthesized Ni/Pd bimetallic NPs were used for the dechlorination of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) under various conditions. The dechlorination rates of 1,2-DCB while using single (Ni and Pd) and bimetallic (Ni powder/Pd and Ni/Pd) NPs were investigated. The results showed that the Ni/Pd bimetallic NPs with 19.16 wt.% Pd exhibited much enhanced degradation efficiency for 1,2-DCB (100% degradation after 30 min). Accordingly, the results of enhanced the degradation of 1,2-DCB provide plausible mechanism insights into the catalytic reaction.
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Deng J, Dong H, Zhang C, Jiang Z, Cheng Y, Hou K, Zhang L, Fan C. Nanoscale zero-valent iron/biochar composite as an activator for Fenton-like removal of sulfamethazine. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Dong H, Zhang C, Deng J, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Cheng Y, Hou K, Tang L, Zeng G. Factors influencing degradation of trichloroethylene by sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron in aqueous solution. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 135:1-10. [PMID: 29438739 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S/NZVI) has been considered as an efficient material to degrade trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater. However, some critical factors influencing the dechlorination of TCE by S/NZVI have not been investigated clearly. In this study, the effects of Fe/S molar ratio, initial pH, dissolved oxygen and particle aging on TCE dechlorination by S/NZVI (using dithionite as sulfidation reagent) were studied. Besides, the feasibility of reactivation of the aged-NZVI by sulfidation treatment was looked into. The results show that the Fe/S molar ratio and initial pH significantly influenced the TCE dechlorination, and a higher TCE dechlorination was observed at Fe/S molar ratio of ∼60 under alkaline condition. Spectroscopic analyses demonstrate that the enhanced TCE dechlorination was associated with the presence of FeS on the surface of S/NZVI. Dissolved oxygen had little effect on TCE dechlorination by S/NZVI, revealing that the FeS layer could be able to alleviate the surface passivation of NZVI caused by oxidation. Aging of S/NZVI up to 10-20 d only slightly decreased the dechlorination efficiency of TCE. Although an obvious drop in dechorination efficiency was observed for the S/NZVI aged for 30 d, it still exhibited a higher reactivity than the bare NZVI. This indicates that sulfidation of NZVI did prolong its lifetime. Additionally, sulfidation treatment was used to reactivate the aged NZVI, and the results show that the reactivated NZVI even had higher reactivity than the fresh NZVI, suggesting that sulfidation treatment would be a promising method to reactivate the aged NZVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Junmin Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhao Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yujun Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Kunjie Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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