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Ma M, Gard AL, Xiang F, Wang J, Davoodian N, Lenz PH, Malecha SR, Christie AE, Li L. Combining in silico transcriptome mining and biological mass spectrometry for neuropeptide discovery in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Peptides 2010; 31:27-43. [PMID: 19852991 PMCID: PMC2815327 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is arguably the most important aquacultured crustacean, being the subject of a multi-billion dollar industry worldwide. To extend our knowledge of peptidergic control in this species, we conducted an investigation combining transcriptomics and mass spectrometry to identify its neuropeptides. Specifically, in silico searches of the L. vannamei EST database were conducted to identify putative prepro-hormone-encoding transcripts, with the mature peptides contained within the deduced precursors predicted via online software programs and homology to known isoforms. MALDI-FT mass spectrometry was used to screen tissue fragments and extracts via accurate mass measurements for the predicted peptides, as well as for known ones from other species. ESI-Q-TOF tandem mass spectrometry was used to de novo sequence peptides from tissue extracts. In total 120 peptides were characterized using this combined approach, including 5 identified both by transcriptomics and by mass spectrometry (e.g. pQTFQYSRGWTNamide, Arg(7)-corazonin, and pQDLDHVFLRFamide, a myosuppressin), 49 predicted via transcriptomics only (e.g. pQIRYHQCYFNPISCF and pQIRYHQCYFIPVSCF, two C-type allatostatins, and RYLPT, authentic proctolin), and 66 identified solely by mass spectrometry (e.g. the orcokinin NFDEIDRAGMGFA). While some of the characterized peptides were known L. vannamei isoforms (e.g. the pyrokinins DFAFSPRLamide and ADFAFNPRLamide), most were novel, either for this species (e.g. pEGFYSQRYamide, an RYamide) or in general (e.g. the tachykinin-related peptides APAGFLGMRamide, APSGFNGMRamide and APSGFLDMRamide). Collectively, our data not only expand greatly the number of known L. vannamei neuropeptides, but also provide a foundation for future investigations of the physiological roles played by them in this commercially important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222 USA
| | - Ashley L. Gard
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672 USA
| | - Feng Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222 USA
| | - Junhua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222 USA
| | - Naveed Davoodian
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672 USA
| | - Petra H. Lenz
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA
| | - Spencer R. Malecha
- Deparment of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Science, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human, Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA
| | - Andrew E. Christie
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672 USA
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396 USA
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Manière G, Vanhems E, Rondot I, Delbecque JP. Control of ovarian steroidogenesis in insects: a locust neurohormone is active in vitro on blowfly ovaries. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 163:292-7. [PMID: 19463823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian steroidogenesis controlling insect reproduction is mainly regulated by brain gonadotropins liberated from corpora cardiaca (CC). Till now, different neurohormones have been identified in two insect groups only, locusts and mosquitoes, and it is unknown whether they could be active in other insects. In order to complete previous observations on the control of ovarian steroidogenesis in the blowfly, Phormia regina, we examined whether neuropeptides isolated from locust CC have an effect in vitro on ovarian steroidogenesis in our dipteran model. Our experiments showed that crude extracts from locust CC efficiently stimulated steroidogenesis in blowfly isolated previtellogenic ovaries. However, such an activity was observed neither with authenticated neuroparsins (NPs), the putative homologs of the ovarian ecdysteroidogenic hormone of mosquitoes, nor with ovarian maturing peptide (OMP), the putative locust steroidogenic neurohormone. Partial purifications of CC extracts were then performed using methanol and/or acidic ethanol extractions followed by reverse phase HPLC and collected fractions were assayed in vitro. A significant steroidogenic activity was found in a single group of acidic fractions, well separated from OMP and NPs, which was associated to slight but significant anti-insulin immunoreactivity. In conclusion, a locust CC neurohormone, different from NPs and OMP, is able to stimulate ecdysteroidogenesis in blowfly ovaries. Though this active factor has not been fully characterized, its behavior during extraction or HPLC and its immunoreactivity strongly suggest it could be an insulin-like peptide. This is in agreement with previous studies demonstrating the role of such peptides as steroidogenic gonadotropins in blowflies and several other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manière
- Université de Bourgogne, CNRS, UMR 5548, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Verlinden H, Badisco L, Marchal E, Van Wielendaele P, Vanden Broeck J. Endocrinology of reproduction and phase transition in locusts. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 162:79-92. [PMID: 19084019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, important progress has been made in the experimental analysis of the endocrine mechanisms controlling reproduction and phase transition in locusts. Phase transition is a very fascinating, but complex, phenomenon of phenotypic plasticity that is triggered by changes in population density and can lead to the formation of extremely devastating hopper bands and adult gregarious locust swarms. While some phase characteristics change within hours, others appear more gradually in the next stage(s), or even in the next generation(s). In adults, the phase status also has a major influence on the process of reproduction. A better understanding of how solitarious locusts become gregarious and how this switch affects reproductive physiology may result in novel strategies to fight locust plagues. In this paper, we will review the current knowledge concerning this close interaction between locust phase polyphenism and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Verlinden
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, K.U.Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
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Ma M, Bors EK, Dickinson ES, Kwiatkowski MA, Sousa GL, Henry RP, Smith CM, Towle DW, Christie AE, Li L. Characterization of the Carcinus maenas neuropeptidome by mass spectrometry and functional genomics. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 161:320-34. [PMID: 19523386 PMCID: PMC2888039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Carcinus maenas, commonly known as the European green crab, is one of the best-known and most successful marine invasive species. While a variety of natural and anthropogenic mechanisms are responsible for the geographic spread of this crab, its ability to adapt physiologically to a broad range of salinities, temperatures and other environmental factors has enabled its successful establishment in new habitats. To extend our understanding of hormonal control in C. maenas, including factors that allow for its extreme adaptability, we have undertaken a mass spectral/functional genomics investigation of the neuropeptides used by this organism. Via a strategy combining MALDI-based high resolution mass profiling, biochemical derivatization, and nanoscale separation coupled to tandem mass spectrometric sequencing, 122 peptide paracrines/hormones were identified from the C. maenas central nervous system and neuroendocrine organs. These peptides include 31 previously described Carcinus neuropeptides (e.g. NSELINSILGLPKVMNDAamide [beta-pigment dispersing hormone] and PFCNAFTGCamide [crustacean cardioactive peptide]), 49 peptides only described in species other than the green crab (e.g. pQTFQYSRGWTNamide [Arg(7)-corazonin]), and 42 new peptides de novo sequenced here for the first time (e.g. the pyrokinins TSFAFSPRLamide and DTGFAFSPRLamide). Of particular note are large collections of FMRFamide-like peptides (25, including nine new isoforms sequenced de novo) and A-type allatostatin peptides (25, including 10 new sequences reported here for the first time) in this study. Also of interest is the identification of two SIFamide isoforms, GYRKPPFNGSIFamide and VYRKPPFNGSIFamide, the latter peptide known previously only from members of the astacidean genus Homarus. Using transcriptome analyses, 15 additional peptides were characterized, including an isoform of bursicon beta and a neuroparsin-like peptide. Collectively, the data presented in this study not only greatly expand the number of identified C. maenas neuropeptides, but also provide a framework for future investigations of the physiological roles played by these molecules in this highly adaptable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222 USA
| | - Eleanor K. Bors
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672 USA
| | - Evelyn S. Dickinson
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672 USA
| | - Molly A. Kwiatkowski
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672 USA
| | - Gregory L. Sousa
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672 USA
| | - Raymond P. Henry
- Deparment of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Life Sciences Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849 USA
| | - Christine M. Smith
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672 USA
| | - David W. Towle
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672 USA
| | - Andrew E. Christie
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672 USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396 USA
- Correspondence to: Dr. Lingjun Li, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222 USA; Phone: 608-265-8491; Fax: 608-262-5345;
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Brown MR, Sieglaff DH, Rees HH. Gonadal ecdysteroidogenesis in arthropoda: occurrence and regulation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 54:105-25. [PMID: 18680437 PMCID: PMC7205109 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ecdysteroids are multifunctional hormones in male and female arthropods and are stored in oocytes for use during embryogenesis. Ecdysteroid biosynthesis and its hormonal regulation are demonstrated for insect gonads, but not for the gonads of other arthropods. The Y-organ in the cephalothorax of crustaceans and the integument of ticks are sources of secreted ecdysteroids in adults, as in earlier stages, but the tissue source is not known for adults in many arthropod groups. Ecdysteroid metabolism occurs in several tissues of adult arthropods. This review summarizes the evidence for ecdysteroid biosynthesis by gonads and its metabolism in adult arthropods and considers the apparent uniqueness of ecdysteroid hormones in arthropods, given the predominance of vertebrate-type steroids in sister invertebrate groups and vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Brown
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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