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Abstract
Nanoparticulate materials displaying enzyme-like properties, so-called nanozymes, are explored as substitutes for natural enzymes in several industrial, energy-related, and biomedical applications. Outstanding high stability, enhanced catalytic activities, low cost, and availability at industrial scale are some of the fascinating features of nanozymes. Furthermore, nanozymes can also be equipped with the unique attributes of nanomaterials such as magnetic or optical properties. Due to the impressive development of nanozymes during the last decade, their potential in the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine also started to be explored. To highlight the progress, in this review, we discuss the two most representative nanozymes, namely, cerium- and iron-oxide nanomaterials, since they are the most widely studied. Special focus is placed on their applications ranging from cardioprotection to therapeutic angiogenesis, bone tissue engineering, and wound healing. Finally, current challenges and future directions are discussed.
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NPS2390, a Selective Calcium-sensing Receptor Antagonist Controls the Phenotypic Modulation of Hypoxic Human Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by Regulating Autophagy. J Transl Int Med 2019; 7:59-68. [PMID: 31380238 PMCID: PMC6661874 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is known to regulate hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and vascular remodeling via the phenotypic modulation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in small pulmonary arteries. Moreover, autophagy is an essential modulator of VSMC phenotype. But it is not clear whether CaSR can regulate autophagy involving the phenotypic modulation under hypoxia. Methods The viability of human PASMCs was detected by cell cycle and BrdU. The expressions of proliferation protein, phenotypic marker protein, and autophagy protein in human PASMCs were determined by western blot. Results Our results showed that hypoxia-induced autophagy was considerable at 24 h. The addition of NPS2390 decreased the expression of autophagy protein and synthetic phenotype marker protein osteopontin and increased the expression of contractile phenotype marker protein SMA-ɑ and calponin via suppressing downstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathways. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that treatment of NPS2390 was conducive to inhibit the proliferation and reverse phenotypic modulation of PASMCs by regulating autophagy levels.
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Li Q, Zhou X, Zhou X. Downregulation of miR‑98 contributes to hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by targeting ALK1. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2167-2176. [PMID: 31322216 PMCID: PMC6691262 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia is one of the most common causes of secondary pulmonary hypertension, the mechanisms of which remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that inhibit the translation or accelerate the degradation of mRNA. Previous studies have demonstrated that deregulated miRNA expression contributes to various cellular processes including cell apoptosis and proliferation, which are mediated by hypoxia. In the present study, the expression of miR‑98 was identified to be decreased in the lung tissue of a hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rat model and pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which was induced by hypoxia. By transfecting miR‑98 mimics into PASMCs, the high expression of miR‑98 inhibited cell proliferation, but upregulated hypoxia‑induced PASMCs apoptosis. However, these effects of miR‑98 mimics on PASMCs were reversed by ALK1 (activin receptor‑like kinase‑1) overexpression. ALK1 was identified as a candidate target of miR‑98. In addition, overexpressing miR‑98 markedly decreased the pulmonary artery wall thickness and the right ventricular systolic pressure in rats induced by hypoxia. These results provided clear evidence that miR‑98 was a direct regulator of ALK1, and that the downregulation of miR‑98 contributed to the pathogenesis of HPH. These results provide a novel potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xincan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Xianghui Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and its severe subtype pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) encompass a set of multifactorial diseases defined by sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and subsequent death. Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by vascular remodeling in association with smooth muscle cell proliferation of the arterioles, medial thickening, and plexiform lesion formation. Despite our recent advances in understanding its pathogenesis and related therapeutic discoveries, PH still remains a progressive disease without a cure. Nevertheless, development of drugs that specifically target molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis has led to improvement in life quality and clinical outcomes in patients with PAH. There are presently more than 12 Food and Drug Administration-approved vasodilator drugs in the United States for the treatment of PAH; however, mortality with contemporary therapies remains high. More recently, there have been exuberant efforts to develop new pharmacologic therapies that target the fundamental origins of PH and thus could represent disease-modifying opportunities. This review aims to summarize recent developments on key signaling pathways and molecular targets that drive PH disease progression, with emphasis on new therapeutic options under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shan Chen Woodcock
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Liu Y, Xu Y, Zhu J, Li H, Zhang J, Yang G, Sun Z. Metformin Prevents Progression of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension via Inhibition of Autophagy and Activation of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:117-128. [DOI: 10.1159/000498894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bertero T, Perk D, Chan SY. The molecular rationale for therapeutic targeting of glutamine metabolism in pulmonary hypertension. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:511-524. [PMID: 31055988 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1615438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a deadly enigmatic disease with increasing prevalence. Cellular pathologic hallmarks of PH are driven at least partly by metabolic rewiring, but details are just emerging. The discovery that vascular matrix stiffening can mechanically activate the glutaminase (GLS) enzyme and serve as a pathogenic mechanism of PH has advanced our understanding of the complex role of glutamine in PH. It has also offered a novel therapeutic target for development as a next-generation drug for this disease. Area covered: This review discusses the cellular contribution of glutamine metabolism to PH together with the possible therapeutic application of pharmacologic GLS inhibitors in this disease. Expert opinion: Despite advances in our understanding of glutamine metabolism in PH, questions remain unanswered regarding the development of therapies targeting glutamine in PH. The comprehensive mechanisms by which glutamine metabolism rewiring influences pulmonary vascular cell behavior to drive PH are incompletely understood. Because glutamine metabolism exhibits a variety of functions in organ repair and homeostasis, a better understanding of the overall risk-benefit ratio of these strategies with long-term follow-up is needed. This knowledge should pave the way for the design of new strategies to prevent and hopefully even regress PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bertero
- a Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology , Université Côte d'Azur , Valbonne , France
| | - Dror Perk
- b Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- b Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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Teymouri Rad R, Dadashzadeh S, Vatanara A, Alavi S, Ghasemian E, Mortazavi SA. Tadalafil nanocomposites as a dry powder formulation for inhalation, a new strategy for pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 133:275-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang CF, Zhao FY, Xu SL, Liu J, Xing XQ, Yang J. Autophagy in pulmonary hypertension: Emerging roles and therapeutic implications. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16755-16767. [PMID: 30932199 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important mechanism for cellular self-digestion and basal homeostasis. This gene- and modulator-regulated pathway is conserved in cells. Recently, several studies have shown that autophagic dysfunction is associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the relationship between autophagy and PH remains controversial. In this review, we mainly introduce the effects of autophagy-related genes and some regulatory molecules on PH and the relationship between autophagy and PH under the conditions of hypoxia, monocrotaline injection, thromboembolic stress, oxidative stress, and other drugs and toxins. The effects of other autophagy-related drugs, such as chloroquine, 3-methyladenine, rapamycin, and other potential therapeutic drugs and targets, in PH are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang-Yun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'An Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuang-Lan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi-Qian Xing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- First Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Yu X, Zhao X, Zhang J, Li Y, Sheng P, Ma C, Zhang L, Hao X, Zheng X, Xing Y, Qiao H, Qu L, Zhu D. Dacomitinib, a new pan-EGFR inhibitor, is effective in attenuating pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 850:97-108. [PMID: 30753867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a role in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Clinically-approved epidermal growth factor inhibitors such as gefitinib, erlotinib, and lapatinib have been explored for PAH. However, None of them were able to attenuate PAH. So, we explored the role of dacomitinib, a new pan-EGFR inhibitor, in PAH. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to study hypoxia- or monocrotaline-induced right ventricular remodeling as well as systolic function and hemodynamics using echocardiography and a pressure-volume admittance catheter. Morphometric analyses of lung vasculature and pressure-volume vessels were performed. Immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, and viability, as well as scratch-wound, and Boyden chamber migration assays were used to identify the roles of dacomitinib in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). The results revealed that dacomitinib has a significant inhibitory effect on the thickening of the media, adventitial collagen increased. Dacomitinib also has a significant role in attenuating pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Additionally, dacomitinib inhibits hypoxia-induced proliferation, migration, autophagy and cell cycle progression through PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in PASMCs. Our study indicates that dacomitinib inhibited hypoxia-induced cell cycle progression, proliferation, migration, and autophagy of PASMCs, thereby attenuating pulmonary vascular remodeling and development of PAH via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Overall, dacomitinib may serve as new potential therapeutic for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Yu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - YiYing Li
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Ping Sheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Cui Ma
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - XueWei Hao
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | - XiaoDong Zheng
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Yan Xing
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China
| | - Lihui Qu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Basic Medical College, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China.
| | - Daling Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, PR China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China.
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Tang Z, Jiang M, Ou-Yang Z, Wu H, Dong S, Hei M. High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) as biomarker in hypoxia-induced persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a clinical and in vivo pilot study. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1123-1131. [PMID: 31523175 PMCID: PMC6743282 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.34344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation plays an important role in neonatal hypoxia-induced organ damage. Newborns with perinatal asphyxia often develop persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). The objective of this study was to explore changes in the pro-inflammatory high mobility group box-l (HMGB1) protein during hypoxia-induced PPHN clinically and in vivo. Methods: Serum samples were collected from full-term newborns at PPHN onset and remission. As controls, blood serum samples were collected from the umbilical arteries of healthy full-term newborns born in our hospital during the same period. Clinical data for neonates were collected and serum levels of HMGB1, IL-6, and TNF-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An animal study compared a PPHN Sprague-Dawley rat model to healthy newborn control rats. Histopathology was used to evaluate changes in the pulmonary artery wall. ELISA and western blot analyses were used to examine HMGB1 levels in the serum and lungs. Results: Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated in newborns with PPHN, compared to those in healthy controls, and decreased dramatically after PPHN resolution. HMGB1 changes were positively correlated with serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that the median wall thickness of pulmonary arterioles accounting for the percentage of pulmonary arteriole diameter (MT%) was not significantly different between PPHN and control groups 3 d after PPHN, although thickness of the small pulmonary arterial wall middle membrane and stenosis of the small pulmonary arteries. ELISA and western blot analyses showed similar trends between serum HMGB1 levels and HMGB1 protein expression in the lungs. Serum and lung HMGB1 levels were significantly elevated soon after PPHN onset, peaked after 24 h, and then decreased after 3 d, although they remained elevated compared to those in the control group. Conclusions: This study indicates that HMGB1 is related to hypoxia-induced PPHN pathogenesis. HMGB1 changes might thus be used as an early indicator to diagnose hypoxia-induced PPHN and evaluate its improvement. We also provide important evidence for the involvement of inflammation in the progression of hypoxia-induced PPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013 China
| | - Min Jiang
- Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Zhicui Ou-Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013 China
| | - Hailan Wu
- Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Shixiao Dong
- Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045 China
| | - Mingyan Hei
- Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045 China
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Bertero T, Handen AL, Chan SY. Factors Associated with Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Exert Convergent Actions on the miR-130/301-Vascular Matrix Feedback Loop. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082289. [PMID: 30081553 PMCID: PMC6121519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by occlusion of lung arterioles, leading to marked increases in pulmonary vascular resistance. Although heritable forms of PAH are known to be driven by genetic mutations that share some commonality of function, the extent to which these effectors converge to regulate shared processes in this disease is unknown. We have causally connected extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and mechanotransduction to the miR-130/301 family in a feedback loop that drives vascular activation and downstream PAH. However, the molecular interconnections between factors genetically associated with PAH and this mechano-driven feedback loop remain undefined. We performed systematic manipulation of matrix stiffness, the miR-130/301 family, and factors genetically associated with PAH in primary human pulmonary arterial cells and assessed downstream and reciprocal consequences on their expression. We found that a network of factors linked to heritable PAH converges upon the matrix stiffening-miR-130/301-PPARγ-LRP8 axis in order to remodel the ECM. Furthermore, we leveraged a computational network biology approach to predict a number of additional molecular circuits functionally linking this axis to the ECM. These results demonstrate that multiple genes associated with heritable PAH converge to control the miR-130/301 circuit, triggering a self-amplifying feedback process central to pulmonary vascular stiffening and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bertero
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, IRCAN, Nice 06100, France.
| | - Adam L Handen
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Das M, Zawada WM, West J, Stenmark KR. JNK2 regulates vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018778156. [PMID: 29718758 PMCID: PMC6055330 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018778156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial (PA) wall modifications are key pathological features of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Although such abnormalities correlate with heightened phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2) in a rat model of PH, the contribution of specific JNK isoforms to the pathophysiology of PH is unknown. Hence, we hypothesized that activation of either one, or both JNK isoforms regulates PA remodeling in PH. We detected increased JNK1/2 phosphorylation in the thickened vessels of PH patients' lungs compared to that in lungs of healthy individuals. JNK1/2 phosphorylation paralleled a marked reduction in MAP kinase phosphatase 1 (JNK dephosphorylator) expression in patients' lungs. Association of JNK1/2 activation with vascular modification was confirmed in the calf model of severe hypoxia-induced PH. To ascertain the role of each JNK isoform in pathophysiology of PH, wild-type (WT), JNK1 null (JNK1-/-), and JNK2 null (JNK2-/-) mice were exposed to chronic hypoxia (10% O2 for six weeks) to develop PH. In hypoxic WT lungs, an increase in JNK1/2 phosphorylation was associated with PH-like pathology. Hallmarks of PH pathophysiology, i.e. excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix and vessel muscularization with medial wall thickening, was also detected in hypoxic JNK1-/- lungs, but not in hypoxia-exposed JNK2-/- lungs. However, hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were similar in all three genotypes. Our findings suggest that JNK2 participates in PA remodeling (but likely not in vasoconstriction) in murine hypoxic PH and that modulating JNK2 actions might quell vascular abnormalities and limit the course of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mita Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - W. Michael Zawada
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, A. T. Still University, School of Osteopathic Medicine Arizona, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - James West
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Yan L, Du W, Zhang M, Chen H, Zhang L, Li G, Li J, Dong Y, Zhu D. MMP-2 and MMP-9 contribute to the angiogenic effect produced by hypoxia/15-HETE in pulmonary endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 121:36-50. [PMID: 29913136 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are the predominant gelatinases in the developing lung. Studies have shown that the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 is upregulated in hypoxic fibroblasts, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) regulated fibroblasts migration via modulating MMP-2 or MMP-9, and that hypoxia/15-HETE is a predominant contributor to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) through increased angiogenesis. However, the roles of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) angiogenesis as well as the molecular mechanism of hypoxia-regulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression have not been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in PAEC proliferation and vascular angiogenesis and to determine the effects of hypoxia-induced 15-HETE on the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Western blot, immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR were used to measure the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in hypoxic PAECs. Immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometry, and tube formation as well as cell proliferation, viability, scratch-wound, and Boyden chamber migration assays were used to identify the roles and relationships between MMP-2, MMP-9, and 15-HETE in hypoxic PAECs. We found that hypoxia increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in pulmonary artery endothelium both in vivo and in vitro in a time-dependent pattern. Moreover, administration of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitor MMI-166 significantly reversed hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular systemic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular function, and thickening of the tunica media. Furthermore, up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was induced by 15-HETE, which regulates PAEC proliferation, migration, and cell cycle transition that eventually leads to angiogenesis. Our study demonstrated that hypoxia increases the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 through the 15-lipoxygenase/15-HETE pathway, and that MMP-2 and MMP-9 promote PAEC angiogenesis. These findings suggest that MMP-2 and MMP-9 may serve as new potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lixin Yan
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - He Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guangqun Li
- Medical Laboratory Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jijin Li
- Medical Laboratory Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yinchu Dong
- Medical Laboratory Technology, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Daling Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In addition to their effects on glycemic control, two specific classes of relatively new anti-diabetic drugs, namely the sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) have demonstrated reduced rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review summarizes recent experimental results that inform putative molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits. RECENT FINDINGS SGLT2i and GLP-1RA exert cardiovascular effects by targeting in both common and distinctive ways (A) several mediators of macro- and microvascular pathophysiology: namely (A1) inflammation and atherogenesis, (A2) oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction, (A3) vascular smooth muscle cell reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and proliferation, and (A4) thrombosis. These agents also exhibit (B) hemodynamic effects through modulation of (B1) natriuresis/diuresis and (B2) the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This review highlights that while GLP-1RA exert direct effects on vascular (endothelial and smooth muscle) cells, the effects of SGLT2i appear to include the activation of signaling pathways that prevent adverse vascular remodeling. Both SGLT2i and GLP-1RA confer hemodynamic effects that counter adverse cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorrin Zarrin Khat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mansoor Husain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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Xiang L, Li Y, Deng X, Kosanovic D, Schermuly RT, Li X. Natural plant products in treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018784033. [PMID: 29869936 PMCID: PMC6055327 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018784033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease characterized by
progressive remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries and persistent elevation of
pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which leads to right ventricular
dysfunction, heart failure, and eventually death. Although treatment
responsiveness for this disease is improving, it continues to be a
life-threatening condition. With the clinical efficacy of natural plant products
being fully confirmed by years of practice, more and more recognition and
attention have been obtained from the international pharmaceutical industry.
Moreover, studies over the past decades have demonstrated that drugs derived
from natural plants show unique advantages and broad application prospects in
PAH treatment, not to mention the historical application of Chinese traditional
medicine in cardiopulmonary diseases. In this review, we focus on summarizing
natural plant compounds with therapeutic properties in PAH, according to the
extracts, fractions, and pure compounds from plants into categories, hoping it
to be helpful for basic research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xiang
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- 2 Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,3 Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Deng
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- 5 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- 5 Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Xiaohui Li
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,3 Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China
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66
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Su J, Logan CC, Hughes AD, Parker KH, Dhutia NM, Danielsen CC, Simonsen U. Impact of chronic hypoxia on proximal pulmonary artery wave propagation and mechanical properties in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1264-H1278. [PMID: 29547024 PMCID: PMC6032080 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00695.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness and wave reflection are important components of the ventricular afterload. Therefore, we aimed to assess the arterial wave characteristics and mechanical properties of the proximal pulmonary arteries (PAs) in the hypoxic pulmonary hypertensive rat model. After 21 days in normoxic or hypoxic chambers (24 animals/group), animals underwent transthoracic echocardiography and PA catheterization with a dual-tipped pressure and Doppler flow sensor wire. Wave intensity analysis was performed. Artery rings obtained from the pulmonary trunk, right and left PAs, and aorta were subjected to a tensile test to rupture. Collagen and elastin content were determined. In hypoxic rats, proximal PA wall thickness, collagen content, tensile strength per unit collagen, maximal elastic modulus, and wall viscosity increased, whereas the elastin-to-collagen ratio and arterial distensibility decreased. Arterial pulse wave velocity was also increased, and the increase was more prominent in vivo than ex vivo. Wave intensity was similar in hypoxic and normoxic animals with negligible wave reflection. In contrast, the aortic maximal elastic modulus remained unchanged, whereas wall viscosity decreased. In conclusion, there was no evidence of altered arterial wave propagation in proximal PAs of hypoxic rats while the extracellular matrix protein composition was altered and collagen tensile strength increased. This was accompanied by altered mechanical properties in vivo and ex vivo. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In rats exposed to chronic hypoxia, we have shown that pulse wave velocity in the proximal pulmonary arteries increased and pressure dependence of the pulse wave velocity was steeper in vivo than ex vivo leading to a more prominent increase in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Su
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Alun D Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Kim H Parker
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Niti M Dhutia
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom
| | | | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
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Zhou Y, Tian X, Wang X, Wang Y, Fan R, Wang Y, Feng N, Zhang S, Guo H, Gu X, Jia M, Yin W, Hou Z, Li J, Pei J. Quaternary ammonium salt of U50,488H elicits protective effects against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 832:129-137. [PMID: 29782857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of quaternary ammonium salt of U50,488H (Q-U50,488H) in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) and underlying mechanisms involved. A HPH animal model was established in rats under hypoxia and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and right ventricular pressure (RVP) were measured. Relaxation of the pulmonary artery in response to Q-U50,488H was determined. In addition, expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) with NO content, Akt expression, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and gp91phox were evaluated. Cell viability was determined by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. We demonstrated that both the molecular weight and solubility of Q-U50,488H were higher than that of U50,488H. Q-U50,488H reduced mPAP and RVP and prevented the development of HPH. Moreover, Q-U50,488H relaxed the pulmonary arteries from both normal and HPH rats in a time-dependent manner. Under hypoxic conditions, Q-U50,488H significantly increased Akt phosphorylation, eNOS phosphorylation, NO content in serum, and T-AOC in pulmonary arteries of HPH rats. In addition, the activity of eNOS was elevated, but the activity of iNOS was reduced when Q-U50,488H was given under hypoxia. Q-U50,488H significantly counteracted the increase of gp91phox expression in pulmonary arteries under hypoxia. In addition, in vitro studies suggested that Q-U50,488H inhibited pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation under hypoxic conditions and that the effects of Q-U50,488H were blocked by nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI). Thus, our results provided evidence that Q-U50,488H plays a protective role against HPH via κ-opioid receptor stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Zhou
- Departemnt of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Departemnt of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuanbo Wang
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuemin Wang
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Feng
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Gu
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Departemnt of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zuoxu Hou
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jianming Pei
- Departemnt of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; Department of Physiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Nassar SZ, Hassaan PS, Abdelmonsif DA, ElAchy SN. Cardioprotective effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles in monocrotaline rat model of pulmonary hypertension: A possible implication of endothelin-1. Life Sci 2018; 201:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Florentin J, Coppin E, Vasamsetti SB, Zhao J, Tai YY, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Watson A, Sembrat J, Rojas M, Vargas SO, Chan SY, Dutta P. Inflammatory Macrophage Expansion in Pulmonary Hypertension Depends upon Mobilization of Blood-Borne Monocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3612-3625. [PMID: 29632145 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation, which is characterized by the presence of perivascular macrophages, has been proposed as a key pathogenic driver of pulmonary hypertension (PH), a vascular disease with increasing global significance. However, the mechanisms of expansion of lung macrophages and the role of blood-borne monocytes in PH are poorly understood. Using multicolor flow cytometric analysis of blood in mouse and rat models of PH and patients with PH, an increase in blood monocytes was observed. In parallel, lung tissue displayed increased chemokine transcript expression, including those responsible for monocyte recruitment, such as Ccl2 and Cx3cl1, accompanied by an expansion of interstitial lung macrophages. These data indicate that blood monocytes are recruited to lung perivascular spaces and differentiate into inflammatory macrophages. Correspondingly, parabiosis between congenically different hypoxic mice demonstrated that most interstitial macrophages originated from blood monocytes. To define the actions of these cells in PH in vivo, we reduced blood monocyte numbers via genetic deficiency of cx3cr1 or ccr2 in chronically hypoxic male mice and by pharmacologic inhibition of Cx3cl1 in monocrotaline-exposed rats. Both models exhibited decreased inflammatory blood monocytes, as well as interstitial macrophages, leading to a substantial decrease in arteriolar remodeling but with a less robust hemodynamic effect. This study defines a direct mechanism by which interstitial macrophages expand in PH. It also demonstrates a pathway for pulmonary vascular remodeling in PH that depends upon interstitial macrophage-dependent inflammation yet is dissociated, at least in part, from hemodynamic consequences, thus offering guidance on future anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Florentin
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Emilie Coppin
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jingsi Zhao
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Yi-Yin Tai
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Ying Tang
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Annie Watson
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - John Sembrat
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Sara O Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213;
| | - Partha Dutta
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; .,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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70
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Klimov LO, Seryapina AA, Zarytova VF, Levina AS, Markel AL. Antisense oligonucleotides for the arterial hypertension mechanisms study and therapy. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2018. [DOI: 10.18699/vj18.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in adults all over the world. This pathology can not only reduce patients’ life quality, but can also be accompanied by a number of complications. Despite the fact that there is a large group of antihypertensive drugs on the market, mainly representing different combinations of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, adrenoreceptor blockers in combination with diuretics, there is no generally accepted “gold standard” for drugs that would not have side effects. The review discusses the main aspects of antisense oligonucleotides use in the context of arterial hypertension. It is well known that the medical implementation of antisense oligonucleotides aims to block the expression of particular genes involved in the pathology development, and a key advantage of this technique is a high selectivity of the effect. However, with the undoubted advantages of the method, there are difficulties in its application, related both to the properties of the oligonucleotides themselves (insufficient stability and poor penetration into cells), and to the variety of mechanisms of the origin of a particular pathology, arterial hypertension, in our case. The review provides a brief description of the main molecular targets for antisense treatment of hypertensive disease. The newest targets for therapy with oligonucleotides – microRNAs – are discussed. The main modifications of antisense nucleotides, designed to increase the duration of their effects and simplify the delivery of this type of drugs to the targets are discussed, in particular, combining antisense oligonucleotides with adenovirus-based expression vectors. Particular attention is given to antisense oligonucleotides in the complex with nanoparticles. The review discusses the results of the use of titanium dioxide (TiO2) containing antisense nanocomposites for the angiotensin converting enzyme in rats with stress induced arterial hypertension (ISIAH). It was shown that the use of antisense oligonucleotides continues to be a promising technique for studying the mechanisms of various forms of hypertensive disease and has a high potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. A. Seryapina
- Novosibirsk State University; Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS
| | - V. F. Zarytova
- Novosibirsk State University; Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS
| | - A. S. Levina
- Novosibirsk State University; Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS
| | - A. L. Markel
- Novosibirsk State University; Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS
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Rashid J, Nahar K, Raut S, Keshavarz A, Ahsan F. Fasudil and DETA NONOate, Loaded in a Peptide-Modified Liposomal Carrier, Slow PAH Progression upon Pulmonary Delivery. Mol Pharm 2018. [PMID: 29528655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the feasibility of a combination therapy comprising fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, and DETA NONOate (diethylenetriamine NONOate, DN), a long-acting nitric oxide donor, both loaded in liposomes modified with a homing peptide, CAR (CARSKNKDC), in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We first prepared and characterized unmodified and CAR-modified liposomes of fasudil and DN. Using individual drugs alone or a mixture of fasudil and DN as controls, we studied the efficacy of the two liposomal preparations in reducing mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) in monocrotaline (MCT) and SUGEN-hypoxia-induced PAH rats. We also conducted morphometric studies (degree of muscularization, arterial medial wall thickness, and collagen deposition) after treating the PAH rats with test and control formulations. When the rats were treated acutely and chronically, the reduction in mPAP was more pronounced in the liposomal formulation-treated rats than in plain drug-treated rats. CAR-modified liposomes were more selective in reducing mPAP than unmodified liposomes of the drugs. Both drugs, formulated in CAR-modified liposomes, reduced the degree of muscularization, medial arterial wall thickness, and collagen deposition more than the combination of plain drugs did. As seen with the in vivo data, CAR-modified liposomes of fasudil or DN increased the levels of the vasodilatory signaling molecule, cGMP, in the smooth muscle cells of PAH-afflicted human pulmonary arteries. Overall, fasudil and DN, formulated in liposomes, could be used as a combination therapy for a better management of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
| | - Snehal Raut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
| | - Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
| | - Fakhrul Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , 1300 Coulter Drive , Amarillo , Texas 79106 , United States
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Zhang Q, Cao Y, Luo Q, Wang P, Shi P, Song C, E M, Ren J, Fu B, Sun H. The transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 regulates hypoxia-mediated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells proliferation via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12436. [PMID: 29359496 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTVES Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is a member of the TRP channels family of Ca2+ -permeant cation channels. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of TRPV3 in pulmonary vascular remodeling and PASMCs proliferation under hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of TRPV3 was evaluated in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and hypoxic rats, using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, MTT assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the effects of TRPV3 on proliferation of PASMCs. RESULTS We found that, in vivo, the expression of TRPV3 was increased in patients with PAH and hypoxic rats. Right ventricular hypertrophy measurements and pulmonary pathomorphology data show that the ratio of the heart weight/tibia length (HW/TL), the right ventricle/left ventricle plus septum (RV/LV+S) and the medial width of the pulmonary artery were increased in chronic hypoxic rats. Moreover, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Cyclin D, Cyclin E and Cyclin A, phospho-CaMKII (p-CaMKII) were induced by hypoxia. In vitro, we revealed that hypoxia promoted PASMCs viability, increased the expression of PCNA, Cyclin D, Cyclin E, Cyclin A p-CaMKII, made more cells from G0 /G1 phase to G2 /M + S phase, enhanced the microtubule formation, and increased [Ca2+ ]i , which could be suppressed by Ruthenium Red, an inhibitor of TRPV3, and TRPV3 silencing has similar effects. Furthermore, the up-regulated expression of PCNA, Cyclin D, Cyclin E and Cyclin A, the increased number of cells in G2 /M and S phase, and the enhanced activation and expression of PI3K and AKT proteins induced by hypoxia and in presence of carvacrol (an agonist of TRPV3), was significantly attenuated by incubation of LY 294002, a specific inhibitor for PI3K/AKT. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that TRPV3 is involved in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and promotes proliferation of PASMCs and the effect is, at least in part, mediated via the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Pilong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Mingyao E
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Bowen Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
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Zhu S, Wang J, Wang X, Zhao J. Protection against monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension and caveolin-1 downregulation by fluvastatin in rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:3944-3950. [PMID: 29286128 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, which are typically used to lower blood cholesterol. Additional beneficial effects, including improvement to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), have also been confirmed. However, the mechanisms underlying this improvement have not yet been clarified. The present study was conducted to determine if fluvastatin was protective against experimental PAH development and to investigate the potential effects of fluvastatin on caveolin‑1 (cav‑1) expression. Rats were randomized to either receive a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT; 60 mg/kg; MCT group) or a single subcutaneous injection of MCT (60 mg/kg) followed by an oral gavage of fluvastatin (10 mg/kg) once daily until day 42 (M + F group). Rats in the MCT group received an equivalent volume of saline following the MCT injection. Six additional rats were given an equivalent volume of saline throughout as a control measure. PAH associated variables and cav‑1 protein expression were measured in each group at various times during the experimental period. Hemodynamic and morphometric analysis revealed that M + F rats developed moderate, delayed PAH. Cav‑1 western blot analysis demonstrated that cav‑1 expression was not significantly different in fluvastatin treated rats; however, MCT injured rats given saline had markedly reduced cav‑1 expression. It was concluded that fluvastatin may protect against PAH development and ameliorate MCT induced inhibition of cav‑1 expression in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoping Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, P.R. China
| | - Xianguo Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Effect of Free and Nanoencapsulated Copaiba Oil on Monocrotaline-induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 69:79-85. [PMID: 27798416 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Copaiba oil comes from an Amazonian tree and has been used as an alternative medicine in Brazil. However, it has not been investigated yet in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This study was designed to test whether copaiba oil or nanocapsules containing this oil could modulate monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Male Wistar rats (170 ± 20 g) received oil or nanocapsules containing this oil (400 mg/kg) by gavage daily for 1 week. At the end of this period, a single injection of MCT (60 mg/kg i.p.) was administered and measurements were performed after 3 weeks. The animals were divided into 6 groups: control, copaiba oil, nanocapsules with copaiba oil, MCT, oil + MCT, and nanocapsules + MCT. Afterward, echocardiographic assessments were performed, and rats were killed to collect hearts for morphometry and oxidative stress. MCT promoted a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy, and RV oxidative stress. Both oil and copaiba nanocapsules significantly reduced RV hypertrophy and oxidative stress. Pulmonary vascular resistance was reduced by copaiba oil in natura but not by nanocapsules. In conclusion, copaiba oil seems to offer protection against MCT-induced PAH. Our preliminary results suggest that copaiba oil may be an important adjuvant treatment for PAH.
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75
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Su J, Manisty C, Parker KH, Simonsen U, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Mellemkjaer S, Connolly S, Lim PB, Whinnett ZI, Malik IS, Watson G, Davies JE, Gibbs S, Hughes AD, Howard L. Wave Intensity Analysis Provides Novel Insights Into Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006679. [PMID: 29089339 PMCID: PMC5721764 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background In contrast to systemic hypertension, the significance of arterial waves in pulmonary hypertension (PH) is not well understood. We hypothesized that arterial wave energy and wave reflection are augmented in PH and that wave behavior differs between patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods and Results Right heart catheterization was performed using a pressure and Doppler flow sensor–tipped catheter to obtain simultaneous pressure and flow velocity measurements in the pulmonary artery. Wave intensity analysis was subsequently applied to the acquired data. Ten control participants, 11 patients with PAH, and 10 patients with CTEPH were studied. Wave speed and wave power were significantly greater in PH patients compared with controls, indicating increased arterial stiffness and right ventricular work, respectively. The ratio of wave power to mean right ventricular power was lower in PAH patients than CTEPH patients and controls. Wave reflection index in PH patients (PAH: ≈25%; CTEPH: ≈30%) was significantly greater compared with controls (≈4%), indicating downstream vascular impedance mismatch. Although wave speed was significantly correlated to disease severity, wave reflection indexes of patients with mildly and severely elevated pulmonary pressures were similar. Conclusions Wave reflection in the pulmonary artery increased in PH and was unrelated to severity, suggesting that vascular impedance mismatch occurs early in the development of pulmonary vascular disease. The lower wave power fraction in PAH compared with CTEPH indicates differences in the intrinsic and/or extrinsic ventricular load between the 2 diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Su
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark .,National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Manisty
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kim H Parker
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Soren Mellemkjaer
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Susan Connolly
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Boon Lim
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary I Whinnett
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iqbal S Malik
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Watson
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Justin E Davies
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Gibbs
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alun D Hughes
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Howard
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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76
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Rafikova O, Rafikov R. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: are we close to the success? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2017; 1:1-2. [PMID: 30740600 PMCID: PMC6364833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rafikova
- Correspondence to: Olga Rafikova, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona, USA, Tel: 347-881-5337;
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77
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Zhao Y, Ponnusamy M, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu C, Yu W, Wang K, Li P. The role of miR-214 in cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:138-145. [PMID: 28842125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death throughout the world. The increase in new patients every year leads to a demand for the identification of valid and novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical endogenous small noncoding RNAs that negatively modulate gene expression by regulating its translation. miRNAs are implicated in most physiological processes of the heart and in the pathological progression of cardiovascular diseases. miR-214 is a deregulated miRNA in many pathological conditions, and it contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple human disorders, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. miR-214 has dual functions in different cardiac pathological circumstances. However, it is considered as a promising marker in the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of miR-214 in various cardiac disease conditions, including ischaemic heart diseases, cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), angiogenesis following vascular injury and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhao
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Cuiyun Liu
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Peifeng Li
- Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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78
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Kelly NJ, Radder JE, Baust JJ, Burton CL, Lai YC, Potoka KC, Agostini BA, Wood JP, Bachman TN, Vanderpool RR, Dandachi N, Leme AS, Gregory AD, Morris A, Mora AL, Gladwin MT, Shapiro SD. Mouse Genome-Wide Association Study of Preclinical Group II Pulmonary Hypertension Identifies Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:488-496. [PMID: 28085498 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0176oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with features of obesity and metabolic syndrome that translate to the induction of PH by chronic high-fat diet (HFD) in some inbred mouse strains. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes associated with susceptibility to HFD-induced PH. Mice from 36 inbred and wild-derived strains were fed with regular diet or HFD for 20 weeks beginning at 6-12 weeks of age, after which right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure (ESP) and maximum pressure (MaxP) were measured by cardiac catheterization. We tested for association of RV MaxP and RV ESP and identified genomic regions enriched with nominal associations to both of these phenotypes. We excluded genomic regions if they were also associated with LV MaxP, LV ESP, or body weight. Genes within significant regions were scored based on the shortest-path betweenness centrality, a measure of network connectivity, of their human orthologs in a gene interaction network of human PH-related genes. WSB/EiJ, NON/ShiLtJ, and AKR/J mice had the largest increases in RV MaxP after high-fat feeding. Network-based scoring of GWAS candidates identified epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) as having the highest shortest-path betweenness centrality of GWAS candidates. Expression studies of lung homogenate showed that EGFR expression is increased in the AKR/J strain, which developed a significant increase in RV MaxP after high-fat feeding as compared with C57BL/6J, which did not. Our combined GWAS and network-based approach adds evidence for a role for Egfr in murine PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yen-Chun Lai
- 1 Department of Medicine.,2 Vascular Medicine Institute, and
| | - Karin C Potoka
- 1 Department of Medicine.,3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana L Mora
- 1 Department of Medicine.,2 Vascular Medicine Institute, and
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- 1 Department of Medicine.,2 Vascular Medicine Institute, and
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79
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Ahmed LA, Rizk SM, El-Maraghy SA. Pinocembrin ex vivo preconditioning improves the therapeutic efficacy of endothelial progenitor cells in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 138:193-204. [PMID: 28450224 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is still not curable and the available current therapies can only alleviate symptoms without hindering the progression of disease. The present study was directed to investigate the possible modulatory effect of pinocembrin on endothelial progenitor cells transplanted in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. Pulmonary hypertension was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (60mg/kg). Endothelial progenitor cells were in vitro preconditioned with pinocembrin (25mg/L) for 30min before being i.v. injected into rats 2weeks after monocrotaline administration. Four weeks after monocrotaline administration, blood pressure, electrocardiography and right ventricular systolic pressure were recorded. Rats were sacrificed and serum was separated for determination of endothelin-1 and asymmetric dimethylarginine levels. Right ventricles and lungs were isolated for estimation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta contents as well as caspase-3 activity. Moreover, protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in addition to myocardial connexin-43 was assessed. Finally, histological analysis of pulmonary arteries, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and right ventricular hypertrophy was performed and cryosections were done for estimation of cell homing. Preconditioning with pinocembrin provided a significant improvement in endothelial progenitor cells' effect towards reducing monocrotaline-induced elevation of inflammatory, fibrogenic and apoptotic markers. Furthermore, preconditioned cells induced a significant amelioration of endothelial markers and cell homing and prevented monocrotaline-induced changes in right ventricular function and histological analysis compared with native cells alone. In conclusion, pinocembrin significantly improves the therapeutic efficacy of endothelial progenitor cells in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/cytology
- Bone Marrow Cells/drug effects
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/immunology
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/transplantation
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Flavanones/therapeutic use
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Heart Ventricles/immunology
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/pathology
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/immunology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/surgery
- Lung/blood supply
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Male
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Random Allocation
- Rats, Wistar
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherine M Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shohda A El-Maraghy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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80
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81
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multifaceted vascular disease where development and severity are determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Over the past decade, there has been an acceleration of the discovery of molecular effectors that mediate PH pathogenesis, including large numbers of microRNA molecules that are expressed in pulmonary vascular cell types and exert system-wide regulatory functions in all aspects of vascular health and disease. Due to the inherent pleiotropy, overlap, and redundancy of these molecules, it has been challenging to define their integrated effects on overall disease manifestation. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the roles of microRNAs in PH with an emphasis on potential methods to discern the hierarchical motifs governing their multifunctional and interconnected activities. Deciphering this higher order of regulatory structure will be crucial for overcoming the challenges of developing these molecules as biomarkers or therapeutic targets, in isolation or combination.
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82
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83
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Makled S, Nafee N, Boraie N. Nebulized solid lipid nanoparticles for the potential treatment of pulmonary hypertension via targeted delivery of phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitor. Int J Pharm 2016; 517:312-321. [PMID: 27979766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors - among which sildenafil citrate (SC) - play a primary role in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Yet, SC can be only administered orally or parenterally with lot of risks. Targeted delivery of SC to the lungs via inhalation/nebulization is mandatory. In this study, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with SC were prepared and characterized in terms of colloidal, morphological and thermal properties. The amount of drug loaded and its release behavior were estimated as a function of formulation variables. The potential of lipid nanocarriers to retain their properties following nebulization and autoclaving was investigated. In addition, toxicity aspects of plain and loaded SLNs on A549 cells were studied with respect to concentration. Spherical SLNs in the size range (100-250nm) were obtained. Particles ensured high encapsulation efficiency (88-100%) and sustained release of the payload over 24h. Cell-based viability experiments revealed a concentration-dependant toxicity for both plain and loaded SLNs recording an IC50 of 516 and 384μg/mL, respectively. Nebulization with jet nebulizer and sterilization via autoclaving affected neither the colloidal stability of SLNs nor the drug entrapment, proving their potential as pulmonary delivery system. Interaction of SLNs with mucin was a function of the emulsifier coating layer. Results yet seeking clinical evidence - might give promises of new therapy for PH of higher safety, better performance and higher patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Makled
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha Nafee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nabila Boraie
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt
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84
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Su J, Hilberg O, Howard L, Simonsen U, Hughes AD. A review of wave mechanics in the pulmonary artery with an emphasis on wave intensity analysis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 218:239-249. [PMID: 27636734 PMCID: PMC5120692 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mean pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) remain the most common haemodynamic measures to evaluate the severity and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension. However, PVR only captures the non-oscillatory component of the right ventricular hydraulic load and neglects the dynamic compliance of the pulmonary arteries and the contribution of wave transmission. Wave intensity analysis offers an alternative way to assess the pulmonary vasculature in health and disease. Wave speed is a measure of arterial stiffness, and the magnitude and timing of wave reflection provide information on the degree of impedance mismatch between the proximal and distal circulation. Studies in the pulmonary artery have demonstrated distinct differences in arterial wave propagation between individuals with and without pulmonary vascular disease. Notably, greater wave speed and greater wave reflection are observed in patients with pulmonary hypertension and in animal models exposed to hypoxia. Studying wave propagation makes a valuable contribution to the assessment of the arterial system in pulmonary hypertension, and here, we briefly review the current state of knowledge of the methods used to evaluate arterial waves in the pulmonary artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Su
- Department of Biomedicine – Pharmacology, Aarhus University
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - Luke Howard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine – Pharmacology, Aarhus University
| | - Alun D Hughes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London
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85
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Role of dynorphin in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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86
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Ayme-Dietrich E, Banas SM, Monassier L, Maroteaux L. [Pulmonary arterial hypertension, bone marrow, endothelial cell precursors and serotonin]. Biol Aujourdhui 2016; 210:79-88. [PMID: 27687599 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2016012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin and bone-marrow-derived stem cells participate together in triggering pulmonary hypertension. Our work has shown that the absence of 5-HT2B receptors generates permanent changes in the composition of the blood and bone-marrow in the myeloid lineages, particularly in endothelial cell progenitors. The initial functions of 5-HT2B receptors in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are restricted to bone-marrow cells. They contribute to the differentiation/proliferation/mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells from the bone-marrow. Those bone-marrow-derived cells have a critical role in the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling. These data indicate that bone-marrow derived endothelial progenitors play a key role in the pathogenesis of PAH and suggest that interactions involving serotonin and bone morphogenic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2) could take place at the level of the bone-marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Ayme-Dietrich
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire EA7296, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université et Centre Hospitalier de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie M Banas
- INSERM UMR-S 839, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France - Institut du Fer à Moulin, 17 rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Monassier
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire EA7296, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université et Centre Hospitalier de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Luc Maroteaux
- INSERM UMR-S 839, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France - Institut du Fer à Moulin, 17 rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
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87
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Brittain EL, Chan SY. Integration of complex data sources to provide biologic insight into pulmonary vascular disease (2015 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2016; 6:251-60. [PMID: 27683602 DOI: 10.1086/686995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of complex data sources to pulmonary vascular diseases is an emerging and promising area of investigation. The use of -omics platforms, in silico modeling of gene networks, and linkage of large human cohorts with DNA biobanks are beginning to bear biologic insight into pulmonary hypertension. These approaches to high-throughput molecular phenotyping offer the possibility of discovering new therapeutic targets and identifying variability in response to therapy that can be leveraged to improve clinical care. Optimizing the methods for analyzing complex data sources and accruing large, well-phenotyped human cohorts linked to biologic data remain significant challenges. Here, we discuss two specific types of complex data sources-gene regulatory networks and DNA-linked electronic medical record cohorts-that illustrate the promise, challenges, and current limitations of these approaches to understanding and managing pulmonary vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen Y Chan
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; and Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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88
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Niflumic Acid Attenuated Pulmonary Artery Tone and Vascular Structural Remodeling of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Induced by High Pulmonary Blood Flow In Vivo. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 66:383-91. [PMID: 26132368 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) play a vital role in regulating pulmonary artery tone during pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) induced by high blood flow. The role of CaCCs inhibitor niflumic acid (NFA) in vivo during this process requires further investigation. We established the PAH model by abdominal shunt surgery and treated with NFA in vivo. Fifty rats were randomly divided into normal, sham, shunt, NFA group 1 (0.2 mg/kg), and NFA group 2 (0.4 mg/kg). Pathological changes, right ventricle hypertrophy index, arterial wall area/vessel area, and arterial wall thickness/vessel external diameter were analyzed. Then contraction reactions of pulmonary arteries were measured. Finally, the electrophysiological characteristics of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells were investigated using patch-clamp technology. After 11 weeks of shunting, PAH developed, accompanied with increased right ventricle hypertrophy index, arterial wall area/vessel area, and arterial wall thickness/vessel external diameter. In the NFA treatment groups, the pressure and pathological changes were alleviated. The pulmonary artery tone in the shunt group increased, whereas it decreased after NFA treatment. The current density of CaCC was higher in the shunt group, and it was decreased in the NFA treatment groups. In conclusion, NFA attenuated pulmonary artery tone and structural remodeling in PAH induced by high pulmonary blood flow in vivo. CaCCs were involved and the augmented current density was alleviated by NFA treatment.
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89
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Upregulation of MicroRNA-214 Contributes to the Development of Vascular Remodeling in Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension Via Targeting CCNL2. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24661. [PMID: 27381447 PMCID: PMC4933872 DOI: 10.1038/srep24661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is characterized by vascular remodeling of blood vessels, is a significant complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we screened 13 candidate miRNAs in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) harvested from COPD patients with PH (n = 18) and normal controls (n = 15) and found that the expression of miR-214 was differentially expressed between these two groups. Additionally, cyclin L2 (CCNL2) was validated as a target of miR-214 in PASMCs using a luciferase assay. Based on real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot, the expression of CCNL2 was substantially downregulated in PASMCs from COPD patients with PH compared with those from normal controls. Moreover, the relationship between miRNA and mRNA expression was confirmed using real-time PCR and western blot in PASMCs transfected with miR-214 mimics. Furthermore, the introduction of miR-214 significantly promoted the proliferation of PASMCs by suppressing cell apoptosis, and this effect was mediated by the downregulation of CCNL2. Exposure of PASMCs to hypoxia significantly increased the expression of miR-214, decreased the expression of CCNL2, and promoted cell proliferation. However, these effects were significantly attenuated by the introduction of miR-214 inhibitors, which significantly downregulated miR-214 expression and upregulated CCNL2 expression.
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90
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Local and systemic renin–angiotensin system participates in cardiopulmonary–renal interactions in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in the rat. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 418:147-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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91
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Kaufmann P, Cruz HG, Krause A, Ulč I, Halabi A, Dingemanse J. Pharmacokinetics of the novel oral prostacyclin receptor agonist selexipag in subjects with hepatic or renal impairment. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:369-79. [PMID: 27062188 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of hepatic or renal dysfunction on the pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerability and safety of selexipag, an orally active prostacyclin receptor agonist. METHODS Two prospective, open-label studies evaluated the PK of selexipag and its active metabolite ACT-333679 in healthy subjects and in subjects with mild, moderate and severe hepatic impairment or severe renal function impairment (SRFI). A single dose of 200 μg or 400 μg was administered. The PK parameters were derived from plasma concentration-time profiles. RESULTS Exposure increased with the severity of hepatic impairment. Geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals of the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞ ) for selexipag and ACT-333679 increased 2.1-fold (1.7-2.6) and 1.2-fold (0.9-1.6) in subjects with mild hepatic impairment, and 4.5-fold (3.4-5.8) and 2.2-fold (1.7-2.8) in subjects with moderate hepatic impairment when compared with healthy subjects. The two subjects with severe hepatic impairment showed similar dose-normalized exposure to that of subjects with moderate hepatic impairment. A 1.7-fold increase in the AUC0-∞ of selexipag and ACT-333679 was observed with SRFI compared with healthy subjects. Although exposure to selexipag and/or ACT-333679 was higher in subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment or SRFI vs. healthy subjects, no safety concerns were raised in these groups. CONCLUSIONS Based on these observations, the PK data suggest that the clinically used starting dose needs no adjustments in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment or SRFI. However, doses should be up-titrated with caution in these patients. The small number of subjects limits the interpretation of selexipag PK in subjects with severe hepatic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priska Kaufmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Hans G Cruz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Krause
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Ulč
- CEPHA s.r.o. Komenského 19, CZ-323 00, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Atef Halabi
- CRS-Clinical Research Services Kiel-GmbH, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
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92
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Mohsenin V. The emerging role of microRNAs in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Sleep Breath 2016; 20:1059-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-016-1351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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93
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Katikireddy CK, Singh M, Muhyieddeen K, Acharya T, Ambrose JA, Samim A. Left Atrial Area and Right Ventricle Dimensions in Non-gated Axial Chest CT can Differentiate Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease from Other Causes. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2016; 10:246-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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94
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Liposomal Aerosols of Nitric Oxide (NO) Donor as a Long-Acting Substitute for the Ultra-Short-Acting Inhaled NO in the Treatment of PAH. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1696-710. [PMID: 27048347 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study seeks to develop a liposomal formulation of diethylenetriamine NONOate (DN), a long acting nitric oxide (NO) donor, with a goal to replace inhaled NO (iNO) in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS Liposomal formulations were prepared by a lipid film hydration method and modified with a cell penetrating peptide, CAR. The particles were characterized for size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, storage and nebulization stability, and in-vitro release profiles. The cellular uptake and transport were assessed in rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) activated rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). The fraction of the formulation that enters the systemic circulation, after intratracheal administration, was determined in an Isolated Perfused Rat Lung (IPRL) model. The safety of the formulations were assessed using an MTT assay and by measuring injury markers in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid; the pharmacological efficacy was evaluated by monitoring the changes in the mean pulmonary arterial (mPAP) and systemic pressure (mSAP) in a monocrotaline (MCT) induced-PAH rat model RESULTS Liposome size, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency were 171 ± 4 nm, -37 ± 3 mV, and 46 ± 5%, respectively. The liposomes released 70 ± 5% of the drug in 8 h and were stable when stored at 4°C. CAR-conjugated-liposomes were taken up more efficiently by PASMCs than liposomes-without-CAR; the uptake of the formulations by rat alveolar macrophages was minimal. DN-liposomes did not increase lung weight, protein quantity, and levels of injury markers in the BAL fluid. Intratracheal CAR-liposomes reduced the entry of liposomes from the lung to blood; the formulations produced a 40% reduction in mPAP for 180 minutes. CONCLUSION This study establishes the proof-of-concept that peptide modified liposomal formulations of long-acting NO donor can be an alternative to short-acting iNO.
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95
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miR-140-5p regulates hypoxia-mediated human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation by targeting Dnmt1 and promoting SOD2 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:342-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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96
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Li J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Wei L, Shen T, Jiang C, Zhu D. A20 deficiency leads to angiogenesis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells through stronger NF-κB activation under hypoxia. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1319-28. [PMID: 26991692 PMCID: PMC4929300 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A20 is a zinc finger protein associated with hypoxia. As chronic hypoxia is responsible for intimal hyperplasia and disordered angiogenesis of pulmonary artery, which are histological hallmarks of pulmonary artery hypertension, we intended to explore the role of A20 in angiogenesis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we found a transient elevation of A20 expression in the lung tissues from hypoxic rats compared with normoxic controls. This rapid enhancement was mainly detected in the endothelium, and similar results were reproduced in vitro. During early hypoxia, genetic inhibition of A20 increased proliferation in pulmonary artery ECs, linking to advanced cell cycle progression as well as microtubule polymerization, and aggravated angiogenic effects including tube formation, cell migration and adhesion molecules expression. In addition, a negative feedback loop between nuclear factor-kappa B and A20 was confirmed. Our findings provide evidence for an adaptive role of A20 against pulmonary artery ECs angiogenesis via nuclear factor-kappa B activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liuping Wei
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daling Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Biopharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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97
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Li L, Zhang X, Li X, Lv C, Yu H, Xu M, Zhang M, Fu Y, Meng H, Zhou J. TGF-β1 inhibits the apoptosis of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and contributes to pulmonary vascular medial thickening via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2751-6. [PMID: 26861477 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted that the transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) pathway may be activated by hypoxic conditions. TGF‑β1 also participates in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis of various cell types. Furthermore, TGF‑β1 has been reported to participate in the regulation of the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, the effect of TGF‑β1 on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and the corresponding molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether TGF‑β1 protects against cell apoptosis in PASMCs, and identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Western blotting, MTT and lactate dehydrogenase activity assays were performed, and the activity of caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 was detected in order to investigate the hypothesis. It was determined that TGF‑β1 may facilitate cell growth in a dose‑dependent manner in serum‑starved PASMCs. Furthermore, it was observed that apoptosis in serum‑starved PASMCs was inhibited by TGF‑β1 via regulation of the expression levels of mitochondrial membrane proteins. Additionally, the phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway was found to be activated by TGF‑β1 in PASMCs, while the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling also prevented the apoptosis‑limiting effects of TGF‑β1. These observations suggest that TGF‑β1 protects PASMCs from apoptosis and contributes to pulmonary vascular medial thickening via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Chengfang Lv
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongjuan Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Mingwen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yueyue Fu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Meng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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98
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Mitofusin 2 Downregulation Triggers Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis Imbalance in Rats With Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension Via the PI3K/Akt and Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathways. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2016; 67:164-74. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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99
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Zhang Q, Fan K, Wang P, Yu J, Liu R, Qi H, Sun H, Cao Y. Carvacrol induces the apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells under hypoxia. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 770:134-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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100
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Ma K, Zhao Q, Chen W, Zhang H, Li S, Pan X, Chen Q. Human lung microRNA profiling in pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to congenital heart defect. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50:1214-23. [PMID: 25847058 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although several microRNAs were reported to play essential roles in pulmonary artery hypertension due to hypoxia or monocrotaline, their potential role in pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to congenital heart disease is largely unknown. This study aimed to indentify microRNAs implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to congenital heart disease in children. METHODS Using microRNAs microarray, we profiled the microRNAs in the lung specimen from 12 congenital heart disease patients, (6 with pulmonary arterial hypertension and the others without). We validated the microRNAs expression using RT-PCR experiments. Then, we predicted the target genes of the promising microRNAs by bioinformatical analysis and verified its regulating role by luciferase assay and western blot experiments. RESULTS All the 12 patients were uneventfully recovered from cardiac surgery. Comparing to the non-pulmonary arterial hypertension lung tissue, 62 microRNAs were significantly up-regulated and 12 were significantly de-regulated in the pulmonary arterial hypertension lung tissue. Among them 27 microRNAs reached P values ≤ 0.05, we validated the up-regulation of microRNA-27b by RT-PCR experiments and found the expression level of microRNA-27b was correlated with preoperative mean pulmonary arterial pressure. In vitro, overexpression of microRNA-27b decreased the protein expression of NOTCH1 and significantly reduced luciferase activity. CONCLUSIONS The current study revealed for the first time that microRNAs may be important regulators in pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to congenital heart disease, and demonstrated the correlation between microRNA-27b and pulmonary arterial hypertension with the implication of NOTCH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ma
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Weidan Chen
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiangbin Pan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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