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Hafiane A, Genest J. ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) mediates microparticle formation during high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis. Atherosclerosis 2017; 257:90-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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52
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Barreca MM, Aliotta E, Geraci F. Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Sclerosis as Possible Biomarkers: Dream or Reality? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 958:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47861-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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53
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Exploring experimental cerebral malaria pathogenesis through the characterisation of host-derived plasma microparticle protein content. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37871. [PMID: 27917875 PMCID: PMC5137300 DOI: 10.1038/srep37871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection responsible for thousands of deaths in children in sub-Saharan Africa. CM pathogenesis remains incompletely understood but a number of effectors have been proposed, including plasma microparticles (MP). MP numbers are increased in CM patients’ circulation and, in the mouse model, they can be localised within inflamed vessels, suggesting their involvement in vascular damage. In the present work we define, for the first time, the protein cargo of MP during experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) with the overarching hypothesis that this characterisation could help understand CM pathogenesis. Using qualitative and quantitative high-throughput proteomics we compared MP proteins from non-infected and P. berghei ANKA-infected mice. More than 360 proteins were identified, 60 of which were differentially abundant, as determined by quantitative comparison using TMTTM isobaric labelling. Network analyses showed that ECM MP carry proteins implicated in molecular mechanisms relevant to CM pathogenesis, including endothelial activation. Among these proteins, the strict association of carbonic anhydrase I and S100A8 with ECM was verified by western blot on MP from DBA/1 and C57BL/6 mice. These results demonstrate that MP protein cargo represents a novel ECM pathogenic trait to consider in the understanding of CM pathogenesis.
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Mantel PY, Hjelmqvist D, Walch M, Kharoubi-Hess S, Nilsson S, Ravel D, Ribeiro M, Grüring C, Ma S, Padmanabhan P, Trachtenberg A, Ankarklev J, Brancucci NM, Huttenhower C, Duraisingh MT, Ghiran I, Kuo WP, Filgueira L, Martinelli R, Marti M. Infected erythrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles alter vascular function via regulatory Ago2-miRNA complexes in malaria. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12727. [PMID: 27721445 PMCID: PMC5062468 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The clinical outcome of individuals infected with Plasmodium falciparum parasites depends on many factors including host systemic inflammatory responses, parasite sequestration in tissues and vascular dysfunction. Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines promotes endothelial activation as well as recruitment and infiltration of inflammatory cells, which in turn triggers further endothelial cell activation and parasite sequestration. Inflammatory responses are triggered in part by bioactive parasite products such as hemozoin and infected red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (iRBC-derived EVs). Here we demonstrate that such EVs contain functional miRNA-Argonaute 2 complexes that are derived from the host RBC. Moreover, we show that EVs are efficiently internalized by endothelial cells, where the miRNA-Argonaute 2 complexes modulate target gene expression and barrier properties. Altogether, these findings provide a mechanistic link between EVs and vascular dysfunction during malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Mantel
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Unit of Anatomy, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Daisy Hjelmqvist
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michael Walch
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Anatomy, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Solange Kharoubi-Hess
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Anatomy, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Nilsson
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Deepali Ravel
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Marina Ribeiro
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Christof Grüring
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Prasad Padmanabhan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Trachtenberg
- Harvard Catalyst Laboratory for Innovative Translational Technologies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Johan Ankarklev
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Nicolas M Brancucci
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Wellcome Trust Center for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Manoj T Duraisingh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ionita Ghiran
- Division of Allergy and Infection, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Winston P Kuo
- Harvard Catalyst Laboratory for Innovative Translational Technologies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Predicine, Inc., Hayward, California 94545, USA
| | - Luis Filgueira
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Anatomy, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Martinelli
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Matthias Marti
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Wellcome Trust Center for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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55
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Wah ST, Hananantachai H, Kerdpin U, Plabplueng C, Prachayasittikul V, Nuchnoi P. Molecular basis of human cerebral malaria development. Trop Med Health 2016; 44:33. [PMID: 27708543 PMCID: PMC5037602 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-016-0033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is still a deleterious health problem in tropical countries. The wide spread of malarial drug resistance and the lack of an effective vaccine are obstacles for disease management and prevention. Parasite and human genetic factors play important roles in malaria susceptibility and disease severity. The malaria parasite exerted a potent selective signature on the human genome, which is apparent in the genetic polymorphism landscape of genes related to pathogenesis. Currently, much genomic data and a novel body of knowledge, including the identification of microRNAs, are being increasingly accumulated for the development of laboratory testing cassettes for cerebral malaria prevention. Therefore, understanding of the underlying complex molecular basis of cerebral malaria is important for the design of strategy for cerebral malaria treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saw Thu Wah
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand
| | | | - Usanee Kerdpin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
| | - Chotiros Plabplueng
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand ; Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornlada Nuchnoi
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700 Thailand ; Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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56
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Absence of apolipoprotein E protects mice from cerebral malaria. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33615. [PMID: 27647324 PMCID: PMC5028887 DOI: 10.1038/srep33615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria claims the life of millions of people each year, particularly those of children, and is a major global public health problem. Thus, the identification of novel malaria biomarkers that could be utilized as diagnostic or therapeutic targets is becoming increasingly important. Using a proteomic approach, we previously identified unique biomarkers in the sera of malaria-infected individuals, including apolipoprotein E (ApoE). ApoE is the dominant apolipoprotein in the brain and has been implicated in several neurological disorders; therefore, we were interested in the potential role of ApoE in cerebral malaria. Here we report the first demonstration that cerebral malaria is markedly attenuated in ApoE−/− mice. The protection provided by the absence of ApoE was associated with decreased sequestration of parasites and T cells within the brain, and was determined to be independent from the involvement of ApoE receptors and from the altered lipid metabolism associated with the knock-out mice. Importantly, we demonstrated that treatment of mice with the ApoE antagonist heparin octasaccharide significantly decreased the incidence of cerebral malaria. Overall, our study indicates that the reduction of ApoE could be utilized in the development of therapeutic treatments aimed at mitigating the neuropathology of cerebral malaria.
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57
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Sending a message: extracellular vesicles of pathogenic protozoan parasites. Nat Rev Microbiol 2016; 14:669-675. [DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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58
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Long J, Basu Roy R, Zhang YJ, Antrobus R, Du Y, Smith DL, Weekes MP, Javid B. Plasma Membrane Profiling Reveals Upregulation of ABCA1 by Infected Macrophages Leading to Restriction of Mycobacterial Growth. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1086. [PMID: 27462310 PMCID: PMC4940386 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane represents a critical interface between the internal and extracellular environments, and harbors multiple proteins key receptors and transporters that play important roles in restriction of intracellular infection. We applied plasma membrane profiling, a technique that combines quantitative mass spectrometry with selective cell surface aminooxy-biotinylation, to Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG)-infected THP-1 macrophages. We quantified 559 PM proteins in BCG-infected THP-1 cells. One significantly upregulated cell-surface protein was the cholesterol transporter ABCA1. We showed that ABCA1 was upregulated on the macrophage cell-surface following infection with pathogenic mycobacteria and knockdown of ABCA1 resulted in increased mycobacterial survival within macrophages, suggesting that it may be a novel mycobacterial host-restriction factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Long
- Collaboration Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuxian Du
- Collaboration Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing, China
| | - Duncan L Smith
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Babak Javid
- Collaboration Innovation Centre for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China; Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, BostonMA, USA
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59
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Hora R, Kapoor P, Thind KK, Mishra PC. Cerebral malaria--clinical manifestations and pathogenesis. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:225-37. [PMID: 26746434 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common central nervous system diseases in tropical countries is cerebral malaria (CM). Malaria is a common protozoan infection that is responsible for enormous worldwide mortality and economic burden on the society. Episodes of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) caused CM may be lethal, while survivors are likely to suffer from persistent debilitating neurological deficits, especially common in children. In this review article, we have summarized the various symptoms and manifestations of CM in children and adults, and entailed the molecular basis of the disease. We have also emphasized how pathogenesis of the disease is effected by the parasite and host responses including blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption, endothelial cell activation and apoptosis, nitric oxide bioavailability, platelet activation and apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. Based on a few recent studies carried out in experimental mouse malaria models, we propose a basis for the neurological deficits and sequelae observed in human cerebral malaria, and summarize how existing drugs may improve prognosis in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Hora
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Payal Kapoor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Kirandeep Kaur Thind
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
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Deroost K, Pham TT, Opdenakker G, Van den Steen PE. The immunological balance between host and parasite in malaria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 40:208-57. [PMID: 26657789 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coevolution of humans and malaria parasites has generated an intricate balance between the immune system of the host and virulence factors of the parasite, equilibrating maximal parasite transmission with limited host damage. Focusing on the blood stage of the disease, we discuss how the balance between anti-parasite immunity versus immunomodulatory and evasion mechanisms of the parasite may result in parasite clearance or chronic infection without major symptoms, whereas imbalances characterized by excessive parasite growth, exaggerated immune reactions or a combination of both cause severe pathology and death, which is detrimental for both parasite and host. A thorough understanding of the immunological balance of malaria and its relation to other physiological balances in the body is of crucial importance for developing effective interventions to reduce malaria-related morbidity and to diminish fatal outcomes due to severe complications. Therefore, we discuss in this review the detailed mechanisms of anti-malarial immunity, parasite virulence factors including immune evasion mechanisms and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we propose a comprehensive classification of malaria complications according to the different types of imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Deroost
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, London, NW71AA, UK
| | - Thao-Thy Pham
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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61
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Meadows DN, Bahous RH, Best AF, Rozen R. High Dietary Folate in Mice Alters Immune Response and Reduces Survival after Malarial Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143738. [PMID: 26599510 PMCID: PMC4658061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a significant global health issue, with nearly 200 million cases in 2013 alone. Parasites obtain folate from the host or synthesize it de novo. Folate consumption has increased in many populations, prompting concerns regarding potential deleterious consequences of higher intake. The impact of high dietary folate on the host’s immune function and response to malaria has not been examined. Our goal was to determine whether high dietary folate would affect response to malarial infection in a murine model of cerebral malaria. Mice were fed control diets (CD, recommended folate level for rodents) or folic acid-supplemented diets (FASD, 10x recommended level) for 5 weeks before infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Survival, parasitemia, numbers of immune cells and other infection parameters were assessed. FASD mice had reduced survival (p<0.01, Cox proportional hazards) and higher parasitemia (p< 0.01, joint model of parasitemia and survival) compared with CD mice. FASD mice had lower numbers of splenocytes, total T cells, and lower numbers of specific T and NK cell sub-populations, compared with CD mice (p<0.05, linear mixed effects). Increased brain TNFα immunoreactive protein (p<0.01, t-test) and increased liver Abca1 mRNA (p<0.01, t-test), a modulator of TNFα, were observed in FASD mice; these variables correlated positively (rs = 0.63, p = 0.01). Bcl-xl/Bak mRNA was increased in liver of FASD mice (p<0.01, t-test), suggesting reduced apoptotic potential. We conclude that high dietary folate increases parasite replication, disturbs the immune response and reduces resistance to malaria in mice. These findings have relevance for malaria-endemic regions, when considering anti-folate anti-malarials, food fortification or vitamin supplementation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle N. Meadows
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renata H. Bahous
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ana F. Best
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rima Rozen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Porro C, Trotta T, Panaro MA. Microvesicles in the brain: Biomarker, messenger or mediator? J Neuroimmunol 2015; 288:70-8. [PMID: 26531697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are cell-derived vesicles produced after membrane remodeling of eukaryotic cells during activation or apoptosis. MVs are considered a novel biomarker/messenger for many diseases. Neurons, astrocytes, microglia, as well as neural stem cells, have been described to release MVs, many studies have demonstrated the involvement of platelets and endothelial MVs in some central nervous diseases. This review is focused on understanding the role of MVs in the brain; new findings demonstrated that MVs can contribute to the onset and progression of some neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, as well as to the development and regeneration of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Teresa Trotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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63
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Kavian N, Marut W, Servettaz A, Nicco C, Chéreau C, Lemaréchal H, Guilpain P, Chimini G, Galland F, Weill B, Naquet P, Batteux F. Pantethine Prevents Murine Systemic Sclerosis Through the Inhibition of Microparticle Shedding. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:1881-90. [PMID: 25776044 DOI: 10.1002/art.39121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial cell (EC) damage in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is reflected by the shedding of microparticles (MPs). The aim of this study was to show that inhibiting MP release using pantethine or by inactivating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) ameliorates murine SSc. METHODS First, the effects of pantethine on MP shedding and on basal oxidative and nitrosative stresses in ECs and fibroblasts were determined in vitro. The effects of pantethine were then tested in vivo. SSc was induced in BALB/c mice by daily intradermal injection of HOCl. Mice were simultaneously treated daily with pantethine by oral gavage. RESULTS In vitro, pantethine inhibited MP shedding from tumor necrosis factor-stimulated ECs and abrogated MP-induced oxidative and nitrosative stresses in ECs and fibroblasts. Ex vivo, pantethine also restored redox homeostasis in fibroblasts from mice with SSc. In vivo, mice with SSc displayed skin and lung fibrosis associated with increased levels of circulating MPs and markers of oxidative and endothelial stress, which were normalized by administration of pantethine or inactivation of ABCA1. CONCLUSION Pantethine is a well-tolerated molecule that represents a potential treatment of human SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Kavian
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, and Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Wioleta Marut
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, and Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Servettaz
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, and Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France, and Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Carole Nicco
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, and Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Christiane Chéreau
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, and Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Giovanna Chimini
- Université d'Aix Marseille, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM U631, and CNRS UMR6102, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Galland
- Université d'Aix Marseille, UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM U1104, and CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Weill
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, and Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Université d'Aix Marseille, UM2, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM U1104, and CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, and Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
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64
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Rommelaere S, Millet V, Rihet P, Atwell S, Helfer E, Chasson L, Beaumont C, Chimini G, Sambo MDR, Viallat A, Penha-Gonçalves C, Galland F, Naquet P. Serum pantetheinase/vanin levels regulate erythrocyte homeostasis and severity of malaria. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:3039-52. [PMID: 26343328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue pantetheinase, encoded by the VNN1 gene, regulates response to stress, and previous studies have shown that VNN genes contribute to the susceptibility to malaria. Herein, we evaluated the role of pantetheinase on erythrocyte homeostasis and on the development of malaria in patients and in a new mouse model of pantetheinase insufficiency. Patients with cerebral malaria have significantly reduced levels of serum pantetheinase activity (PA). In mouse, we show that a reduction in serum PA predisposes to severe malaria, including cerebral malaria and severe anemia. Therefore, scoring pantetheinase in serum may serve as a severity marker in malaria infection. This disease triggers an acute stress in erythrocytes, which enhances cytoadherence and hemolysis. We speculated that serum pantetheinase might contribute to erythrocyte resistance to stress under homeostatic conditions. We show that mutant mice with a reduced serum PA are anemic and prone to phenylhydrazine-induced anemia. A cytofluorometric and spectroscopic analysis documented an increased frequency of erythrocytes with an autofluorescent aging phenotype. This is associated with an enhanced oxidative stress and shear stress-induced hemolysis. Red blood cell transfer and bone marrow chimera experiments show that the aging phenotype is not cell intrinsic but conferred by the environment, leading to a shortening of red blood cell half-life. Therefore, serum pantetheinase level regulates erythrocyte life span and modulates the risk of developing complicated malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rommelaere
- Immunology Center of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université (UM2), the National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1104, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Millet
- Immunology Center of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université (UM2), the National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1104, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Rihet
- Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TAGC), Aix-Marseille Université, UMR_S 1090, INSERM U1090, Marseille, France
| | - Scott Atwell
- Marseilles Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7325, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuèle Helfer
- Marseilles Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7325, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Immunology Center of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université (UM2), the National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1104, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Carole Beaumont
- Biomedical Research Center Bichat-Beaujon, Université Paris Diderot, INSERM U773, Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Chimini
- Immunology Center of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université (UM2), the National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1104, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | | | - Annie Viallat
- Marseilles Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7325, Marseille, France
| | | | - Franck Galland
- Immunology Center of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université (UM2), the National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1104, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France.
| | - Philippe Naquet
- Immunology Center of Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université (UM2), the National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM U1104, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France.
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65
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Exosomes or microvesicles? Two kinds of extracellular vesicles with different routes to modify protozoan-host cell interaction. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3567-75. [PMID: 26272631 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4659-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Parasite-host cell interaction can be modulated by a dynamic communication between extracellular vesicles (EVs). They should play key roles in cell-cell communications transferring biomolecules (miRNA, proteins, soluble factors) from one cell to another cell. While many names have been used to denominate EVs, a better comprehension to understand these vesicles is raised when we classify it according to biogenesis: originated from multivesicular bodies, named exosomes, and from plasmatic membranes, denominated microvesicles. Here, we have reviewed EV participation during the protozoan-host cell interaction and reinforced the differences and similarities between exosomes and microvesicles, suggesting different intracellular routes and functions. We also discussed perspectives to study EVs and the role of EVs in diagnosis and chemotherapies of infectious diseases.
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66
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The resolution of inflammation: Principles and challenges. Semin Immunol 2015; 27:149-60. [PMID: 25911383 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The concept that chemokines, cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators act in a co-ordinated fashion to drive the initiation of the inflammatory reaction is well understood. The significance of such networks acting during the resolution of inflammation however is poorly appreciated. In recent years, specific pro-resolving mediators were discovered which activate resolution pathways to return tissues to homeostasis. These mediators are diverse in nature, and include specialized lipid mediators (lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins) proteins (annexin A1, galectins) and peptides, gaseous mediators including hydrogen sulphide, a purine (adenosine), as well as neuromodulator release under the control of the vagus nerve. Functionally, they can act to limit further leukocyte recruitment, induce neutrophil apoptosis and enhance efferocytosis by macrophages. They can also switch macrophages from classical to alternatively activated cells, promote the return of non-apoptotic cells to the lymphatics and help initiate tissue repair mechanisms and healing. Within this review we highlight the essential cellular aspects required for successful tissue resolution, briefly discuss the pro-resolution mediators that drive these processes and consider potential challenges faced by researchers in the quest to discover how inflammation resolves and why chronic inflammation persists.
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67
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Amorim CEG, Daub JT, Salzano FM, Foll M, Excoffier L. Detection of convergent genome-wide signals of adaptation to tropical forests in humans. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121557. [PMID: 25849546 PMCID: PMC4388690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests are believed to be very harsh environments for human life. It is unclear whether human beings would have ever subsisted in those environments without external resources. It is therefore possible that humans have developed recent biological adaptations in response to specific selective pressures to cope with this challenge. To understand such biological adaptations we analyzed genome-wide SNP data under a Bayesian statistics framework, looking for outlier markers with an overly large extent of differentiation between populations living in a tropical forest, as compared to genetically related populations living outside the forest in Africa and the Americas. The most significant positive selection signals were found in genes related to lipid metabolism, the immune system, body development, and RNA Polymerase III transcription initiation. The results are discussed in the light of putative tropical forest selective pressures, namely food scarcity, high prevalence of pathogens, difficulty to move, and inefficient thermoregulation. Agreement between our results and previous studies on the pygmy phenotype, a putative prototype of forest adaptation, were found, suggesting that a few genetic regions previously described as associated with short stature may be evolving under similar positive selection in Africa and the Americas. In general, convergent evolution was less pervasive than local adaptation in one single continent, suggesting that Africans and Amerindians may have followed different routes to adapt to similar environmental selective pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo G. Amorim
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Berne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Josephine T. Daub
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Berne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francisco M. Salzano
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matthieu Foll
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Excoffier
- Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Berne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
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68
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Jaiswal R, Raymond Grau GE, Bebawy M. Cellular communication via microparticles: role in transfer of multidrug resistance in cancer. Future Oncol 2015; 10:655-69. [PMID: 24754595 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) continues to be a major impediment to the successful treatment of cancer. The two efflux transporters, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and MRP1 are major contributors to cancer MDR clinically. The upregulation of P-gp leading to MDR was initially understood to occur via pre- and post-transcriptional mechanisms only. However, we demonstrated that microparticles mediate the intercellular exchange and trafficking of bioactive material, including functional P-gp and selected modulatory miRNAs. This exchange of P-gp leads to the dissemination of MDR within a cancer cell population. These findings have significant implications in understanding the cellular basis governing the intercellular acquisition of deleterious traits in cancers, serving to substantially advance our understanding of the molecular basis of the emergence of MDR in cancer clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Jaiswal
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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69
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Marcilla A, Martin-Jaular L, Trelis M, de Menezes-Neto A, Osuna A, Bernal D, Fernandez-Becerra C, Almeida IC, Del Portillo HA. Extracellular vesicles in parasitic diseases. J Extracell Vesicles 2014; 3:25040. [PMID: 25536932 PMCID: PMC4275648 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v3.25040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases affect billions of people and are considered a major public health issue. Close to 400 species are estimated to parasitize humans, of which around 90 are responsible for great clinical burden and mortality rates. Unfortunately, they are largely neglected as they are mainly endemic to poor regions. Of relevance to this review, there is accumulating evidence of the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in parasitic diseases, acting both in parasite–parasite inter-communication as well as in parasite–host interactions. EVs participate in the dissemination of the pathogen and play a role in the regulation of the host immune systems. Production of EVs from parasites or parasitized cells has been described for a number of parasitic infections. In this review, we provide the most relevant findings of the involvement of EVs in intercellular communication, modulation of immune responses, involvement in pathology, and their potential as new diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents in some of the major human parasitic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marcilla
- Departament de Biologia Cel.lular i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Lorena Martin-Jaular
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Trelis
- Departament de Biologia Cel.lular i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Armando de Menezes-Neto
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Osuna
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Molecular Parasitology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Dolores Bernal
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Igor C Almeida
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Hernando A Del Portillo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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70
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Mantel PY, Marti M. The role of extracellular vesicles in Plasmodium and other protozoan parasites. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:344-54. [PMID: 24406102 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protozoan parasites and other microorganisms use various pathways to communicate within their own populations and to manipulate their outside environments, with the ultimate goal of balancing the rate of growth and transmission. In higher eukaryotes, including humans, circulating extracellular vesicles are increasingly recognized as key mediators of physiological and pathological processes. Recent evidence suggests that protozoan parasites, including those responsible for major human diseases such as malaria and Chagas disease, use similar machinery. Indeed, intracellular and extracellular protozoan parasites secrete extracellular vesicles to promote growth and induce transmission, to evade the host immune system, and to manipulate the microenvironment. In this review we will discuss the general pathways of extracellular vesicle biogenesis and their functions in protozoan infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Yves Mantel
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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71
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Gun SY, Claser C, Tan KSW, Rénia L. Interferons and interferon regulatory factors in malaria. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:243713. [PMID: 25157202 PMCID: PMC4124246 DOI: 10.1155/2014/243713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases in humans and responsible for approximately 500 million clinical cases and 500 thousand deaths annually. Acquired adaptive immune responses control parasite replication and infection-induced pathologies. Most infections are clinically silent which reflects on the ability of adaptive immune mechanisms to prevent the disease. However, a minority of these can become severe and life-threatening, manifesting a range of overlapping syndromes of complex origins which could be induced by uncontrolled immune responses. Major players of the innate and adaptive responses are interferons. Here, we review their roles and the signaling pathways involved in their production and protection against infection and induced immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
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72
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Microparticles: a new perspective in central nervous system disorders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:756327. [PMID: 24860829 PMCID: PMC4000927 DOI: 10.1155/2014/756327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are a heterogeneous population of small cell-derived vesicles, ranging in size from 0.1 to 1 μm. They contain a variety of bioactive molecules, including proteins, biolipids, and nucleic acids, which can be transferred between cells without direct cell-to-cell contact. Consequently, MPs represent a novel form of intercellular communication, which could play a role in both physiological and pathological processes. Growing evidence indicates that circulating MPs contribute to the development of cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Most cell types of the central nervous system (CNS) have also been shown to release MPs, which could be important for neurodevelopment, CNS maintenance, and pathologies. In disease, levels of certain MPs appear elevated; therefore, they may serve as biomarkers allowing for the development of new diagnostic tools for detecting the early stages of CNS pathologies. Quantification and characterization of MPs could also provide useful information for making decisions on treatment options and for monitoring success of therapies, particularly for such difficult-to-treat diseases as cerebral malaria, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Overall, studies on MPs in the CNS represent a novel area of research, which promises to expand the knowledge on the mechanisms governing some of the physiological and pathophysiological processes of the CNS.
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73
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El-Assaad F, Wheway J, Hunt NH, Grau GER, Combes V. Production, fate and pathogenicity of plasma microparticles in murine cerebral malaria. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003839. [PMID: 24651155 PMCID: PMC3961352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with cerebral malaria (CM), higher levels of cell-specific microparticles (MP) correlate with the presence of neurological symptoms. MP are submicron plasma membrane-derived vesicles that express antigens of their cell of origin and phosphatidylserine (PS) on their surface, facilitating their role in coagulation, inflammation and cell adhesion. In this study, the in vivo production, fate and pathogenicity of cell-specific MP during Plasmodium berghei infection of mice were evaluated. Using annexin V, a PS ligand, and flow cytometry, analysis of platelet-free plasma from infected mice with cerebral involvement showed a peak of MP levels at the time of the neurological onset. Phenotypic analyses showed that MP from infected mice were predominantly of platelet, endothelial and erythrocytic origins. To determine the in vivo fate of MP, we adoptively transferred fluorescently labelled MP from mice with CM into healthy or infected recipient mice. MP were quickly cleared following intravenous injection, but microscopic examination revealed arrested MP lining the endothelium of brain vessels of infected, but not healthy, recipient mice. To determine the pathogenicity of MP, we transferred MP from activated endothelial cells into healthy recipient mice and this induced CM-like brain and lung pathology. This study supports a pathogenic role for MP in the aggravation of the neurological lesion and suggests a causal relationship between MP and the development of CM. Cerebral malaria (CM) is a potentially fatal neurological syndrome characterised by unrousable coma. Since the detection of high levels of plasma microparticles (MP) in patients with CM, it has been demonstrated that inhibition of MP production confers protection from murine CM. However, the precise mechanisms of action of these MP during CM have not been completely deciphered. In this study, we used experimental models of CM to measure the production and origins of MP over the course of infection. We found low baseline circulating MP in healthy mice and these were subsequently raised at the time of the neurological syndrome. Phenotypic analyses showed that circulating MP were predominantly from activated host cells that have previously been established to participate in CM pathogenesis. We show for the first time transferred MP impairing endothelial integrity and inducing CM-like pathology in the brain and lung of healthy animals. Our study dissects what tissues these MP localise to exert their effects, as little is known about their fate following the initial release. These data suggest a causal relationship between MP and the development of CM and also warrant further investigation into the representation of MP as a marker of CM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El-Assaad
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julie Wheway
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas H. Hunt
- Molecular Immunopathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georges E. R. Grau
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Valery Combes
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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74
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Experimental Models of Microvascular Immunopathology: The Example of Cerebral Malaria. JOURNAL OF NEUROINFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 5:134. [PMID: 26430675 PMCID: PMC4586166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Human cerebral malaria is a severe and often lethal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Complex host and parasite interactions should the precise mechanisms involved in the onset of this neuropathology. Adhesion of parasitised red blood cells and host cells to endothelial cells lead to profound endothelial alterations that trigger immunopathological changes, varying degrees of brain oedema and can compromise cerebral blood flow, cause cranial nerve dysfunction and hypoxia. Study of the cerebral pathology in human patients is limited to clinical and genetic field studies in endemic areas, thus cerebral malaria (CM) research relies heavily on experimental models. The availability of malaria models allows study from the inoculation of Plasmodium to the onset of disease and permit invasive experiments. Here, we discuss some aspects of our current understanding of CM, the experimental models available and some important recent findings extrapolated from these models.
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75
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Ankarklev J, Hjelmqvist D, Mantel PY. Uncovering the Role of Erythrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Malaria: From Immune Regulation to Cell Communication. J Circ Biomark 2014. [DOI: 10.5772/58596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Ankarklev
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daisy Hjelmqvist
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pierre-Yves Mantel
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA
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76
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Microparticle drug sequestration provides a parallel pathway in the acquisition of cancer drug resistance. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 721:116-25. [PMID: 24095666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Expanding on our previous findings demonstrating that microparticles (MPs) spread cancer multidrug resistance, we now show that MPs sequester drugs, reducing the free drug concentration available to cells. MPs were isolated from drug-sensitive and drug-resistant sub-clones of a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line and from human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. MPs were assessed for size, mitochondria, RNA and phospholipid content, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and orientation and ATPase activity relative to drug sequestration capacity. Of the drug classes examined, MPs sequestered the anthracycline class to a significant degree. The degree of sequestration was likely due to the size of MPs and thus the amount of cargo they contain, to which the anthracyclines bind. Moreover, a proportion of the P-gp present on MPs was inside-out in orientation, enabling it to influx drugs rather than its typical efflux function. This was confirmed by surface immunofluorescence and by assessment of drug-stimulated ATPase activity following MP permeabilization. Thus we determined that breast cancer MPs carried a proportion of their P-gp oriented inside-out, providing active sequestration within the microvesicular compartment. These results demonstrate a capacity for MPs to sequester chemotherapeutic drugs, which has a predominantly active sequestration component for MPs derived from drug-resistant cells and a predominantly passive component for MPs derived from drug-sensitive cells. This reduction in available drug concentration has potential to contribute to a parallel pathway and complements that of the intercellular transfer of P-gp. These findings lend further support to the role of MPs in limiting the successful management of cancer.
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77
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Barteneva NS, Maltsev N, Vorobjev IA. Microvesicles and intercellular communication in the context of parasitism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 3:49. [PMID: 24032108 PMCID: PMC3764926 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a rapidly growing body of evidence that production of microvesicles (MVs) is a universal feature of cellular life. MVs can incorporate microRNA (miRNA), mRNA, mtDNA, DNA and retrotransposons, camouflage viruses/viral components from immune surveillance, and transfer cargo between cells. These properties make MVs an essential player in intercellular communication. Increasing evidence supports the notion that MVs can also act as long-distance vehicles for RNA molecules and participate in metabolic synchronization and reprogramming eukaryotic cells including stem and germinal cells. MV ability to carry on DNA and their general distribution makes them attractive candidates for horizontal gene transfer, particularly between multi-cellular organisms and their parasites; this suggests important implications for the co-evolution of parasites and their hosts. In this review, we provide current understanding of the roles played by MVs in intracellular pathogens and parasitic infections. We also discuss the possible role of MVs in co-infection and host shifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Barteneva
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Natasha.Barteneva@ childrens.harvard.edu
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78
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Abstract
Microvesicles are shed constitutively, or upon activation, from both normal and malignant cells. The process is dependent on an increase in cytosolic Ca2+, which activates different enzymes, resulting in depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and release of the vesicles. Drug resistance can be defined as the ability of cancer cells to survive exposure to a wide range of anti-cancer drugs, and anti-tumour chemotherapeutic treatments are often impaired by innate or acquired MDR (multidrug resistance). Microvesicles released upon chemotherapeutic agents prevent the drugs from reaching their targets and also mediate intercellular transport of MDR proteins.
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79
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Cell-cell communication via extracellular membrane vesicles and its role in the immune response. Mol Cells 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0154-2 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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80
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Cell-cell communication via extracellular membrane vesicles and its role in the immune response. Mol Cells 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0154-2 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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81
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Hwang I. Cell-cell communication via extracellular membrane vesicles and its role in the immune response. Mol Cells 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0154-2 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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82
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Hwang I. Cell-cell communication via extracellular membrane vesicles and its role in the immune response. Mol Cells 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0154-2 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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83
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Hwang I. Cell-cell communication via extracellular membrane vesicles and its role in the immune response. Mol Cells 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0154-2 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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84
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Hwang I. Cell-cell communication via extracellular membrane vesicles and its role in the immune response. Mol Cells 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0154-2 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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85
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Hwang I. Cell-cell communication via extracellular membrane vesicles and its role in the immune response. Mol Cells 2013; 36:105-11. [PMID: 23807045 PMCID: PMC3887950 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The host immune response involves a variety of cell types, including specialized immune and non-immune cells. The delicate coordination among these cells via close communication is central for the proper operation of immune system. Cell-cell communication is mediated by a complex network that includes soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and metabolites exported from cells, as well as membrane-bound receptors and their ligands. Cell-cell communication is also mediated by membrane vesicles (e.g., exosomes, ectosomes), which are either shed by distant cells or exchanged by cells that are making direct contact. Intercellular communication via extracellular membrane vesicles has drawn much attention recently, as they have been shown to carry various biomolecules that modulate the activities of recipient cells. In this review, I will discuss current views on cell-cell communication via extra-cellular membrane vesicles, especially shedded membrane vesicles, and their effects on the control of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyu Hwang
- Research Center for Chemical Biology, KRIBB-RIKEN Global R&D Center Program, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongwon 363-883, Korea.
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86
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Cell-cell communication via extracellular membrane vesicles and its role in the immune response. Mol Cells 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0154-2 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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87
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Sahu U, Sahoo PK, Kar SK, Mohapatra BN, Ranjit M. Association of TNF level with production of circulating cellular microparticles during clinical manifestation of human cerebral malaria. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:713-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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88
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Regev-Rudzki N, Wilson DW, Carvalho TG, Sisquella X, Coleman BM, Rug M, Bursac D, Angrisano F, Gee M, Hill AF, Baum J, Cowman AF. Cell-cell communication between malaria-infected red blood cells via exosome-like vesicles. Cell 2013; 153:1120-33. [PMID: 23683579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is an important mechanism for information exchange promoting cell survival for the control of features such as population density and differentiation. We determined that Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells directly communicate between parasites within a population using exosome-like vesicles that are capable of delivering genes. Importantly, communication via exosome-like vesicles promotes differentiation to sexual forms at a rate that suggests that signaling is involved. Furthermore, we have identified a P. falciparum protein, PfPTP2, that plays a key role in efficient communication. This study reveals a previously unidentified pathway of P. falciparum biology critical for survival in the host and transmission to mosquitoes. This identifies a pathway for the development of agents to block parasite transmission from the human host to the mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Division of Infection and Immunity, the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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89
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Intercellular transfer of P-glycoprotein from the drug resistant human bladder cancer cell line BIU-87 does not require cell-to-cell contact. J Urol 2013; 190:1069-75. [PMID: 23618585 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The efflux activity of transmembrane P-glycoprotein prevents various therapeutic drugs from reaching lethal concentrations in cancer cells, resulting in multidrug resistance. We investigated whether drug resistant bladder cancer cells could transfer functional P-glycoprotein to sensitive parental cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Drug sensitive BIU-87 bladder cancer cells were co-cultured for 48 hours with BIU-87/ADM, a doxorubicin resistant derivative of the same cell line, in a Transwell® system that prevented cell-to-cell contact. The presence of P-glycoprotein in recipient cell membranes was established using fluorescein isothiocyanate, laser scanning confocal microscopy and Western blot. P-glycoprotein mRNA levels were compared between cell types. Rhodamine 123 efflux assay was done to confirm that P-glycoprotein was biologically active. RESULTS The amount of P-glycoprotein protein in BIU-87 cells co-cultured with BIU-87/ADM was significantly higher than in BIU-87 cells (0.44 vs 0.25) and BIU-87/H33342 cells (0.44 vs 0.26, each p <0.001), indicating P-glycoprotein transfer. P-glycoprotein mRNA expression was significantly higher in BIU-87/ADM cells than in co-cultured BIU-87 cells (1.28 vs 0.30), BIU-87/H33342 (0.28) and BIU-87 cells (0.25, each p <0.001), ruling out a genetic mechanism. After 30 minutes of efflux, rhodamine 123 fluorescence intensity was significantly lower in BIU-87/ADM cells (5.55 vs 51.45, p = 0.004) and co-cultured BIU-87 cells than in BIU-87 cells (14.22 vs 51.45, p <0.001), indicating that P-glycoprotein was functional. CONCLUSIONS Bladder cancer cells can acquire functional P-glycoprotein through a nongenetic mechanism that does not require direct cell contact. This mechanism is consistent with a microparticle mediated process.
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90
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Sahu U, Mohapatra BN, Kar SK, Ranjit M. Promoter polymorphisms in the ATP binding cassette transporter gene influence production of cell-derived microparticles and are highly associated with susceptibility to severe malaria in humans. Infect Immun 2013; 81:1287-94. [PMID: 23381994 PMCID: PMC3639614 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01175-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticle (MP) efflux is known to be mediated by the ABCA1 protein, and the plasma level of these cell-derived MPs is elevated considerably during human malarial infection. Therefore, two polymorphisms at positions -477 and -320 in the promoter of the ABCA1 gene were genotyped and tested for association with the plasma MP level in four groups of malaria patients segregated according to the clinical severity, i.e., cerebral malaria (CM), multiorgan dysfunction (MOD), noncerebral severe malaria, and uncomplicated malaria (UM). The TruCount tube-based flow cytometric method was used for the exact quantification of different cell-derived MPs in patients. Polymorphisms in the ABCA1 gene promoter were analyzed by use of the PCR/two-primer-pair method, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism, in 428 malaria patients. The level of circulating plasma MPs was significantly higher in febrile patients with Plasmodium falciparum infection, especially in CM patients compared to healthy individuals. The homozygous wild-type -477 and -320 genotype was observed to be significantly higher in patients with severe malaria. These patients also showed marked increases in the plasma MP numbers compared to UM patients. We report here for the first time an association of ABCA1 promoter polymorphisms with susceptibility to severe malaria, especially to CM and MOD, indicating the protective effect of the mutant variant of the polymorphism. We hypothesize that the -477T and -320G polymorphisms affect the downregulation of MP efflux and may be a predictor of organ complication during P. falciparum malarial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Sahu
- Division of Molecular Biology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | | | - Shantanu K. Kar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Manoranjan Ranjit
- Division of Molecular Biology, Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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91
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Vion AC, Ramkhelawon B, Loyer X, Chironi G, Devue C, Loirand G, Tedgui A, Lehoux S, Boulanger CM. Shear stress regulates endothelial microparticle release. Circ Res 2013; 112:1323-33. [PMID: 23536307 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.300818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Endothelial activation and apoptosis release membrane-shed microparticles (EMP) that emerge as important biological effectors. OBJECTIVE Because laminar shear stress (SS) is a major physiological regulator of endothelial survival, we tested the hypothesis that SS regulates EMP release. METHODS AND RESULTS EMP levels were quantified by flow cytometry in medium of endothelial cells subjected to low or high SS (2 and 20 dyne/cm(2)). EMP levels augmented with time in low SS conditions compared with high SS conditions. This effect was sensitive to extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Rho kinases inhibitors but unaffected by caspase inhibitors. Low SS-stimulated EMP release was associated with increased endothelial Rho kinases and ERK1/2 activities and cytoskeletal reorganization. Overexpression of constitutively active RhoA stimulated EMP release under high SS. We also examined the effect of nitric oxide (NO) in mediating SS effects. L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), but not D-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester, increased high SS-induced EMP levels by 3-fold, whereas the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) decreased it. L-NAME and SNAP did not affect Rho kinases and ERK1/2 activities. Then, we investigated NO effect on membrane remodeling because microparticle release is abolished in ABCA1-deficient cells. ABCA1 expression, which was greater under low SS than under high SS, was augmented by L-NAME under high SS and decreased by SNAP under low SS conditions. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results demonstrate that sustained atheroprone low SS stimulates EMP release through activation of Rho kinases and ERK1/2 pathways, whereas atheroprotective high SS limits EMP release in a NO-dependent regulation of ABCA1 expression and of cytoskeletal reorganization. These findings, therefore, identify endothelial SS as a physiological regulator of microparticle release.
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92
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Abstract
Membrane microparticles are submicron fragments of membrane shed into extracellular space from cells under conditions of stress/injury. They may be distinguished from other classes of extracellular vesicles (i.e. exosomes) on the basis of size, content and mechanism of formation. Microparticles are found in plasma and other biological fluids from healthy individuals and their levels are altered in various diseases, including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, pre-eclampsia and hypertension among others. Accordingly, they have been considered biomarkers of vascular injury and pro-thrombotic or pro-inflammatory conditions. In addition to this, emerging evidence suggests that microparticles are not simply a consequence of disease, but that they themselves may contribute to pathological processes. Thus microparticles appear to serve as both markers and mediators of pathology. The present review examines the evidence for microparticles as both biomarkers of, and contributors to, the progression of disease. Approaches for the detection of microparticles are summarized and novel concepts relating to the formation of microparticles and their biological effects are examined.
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93
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Walters SB, Kieckbusch J, Nagalingam G, Swain A, Latham SL, Grau GER, Britton WJ, Combes V, Saunders BM. Microparticles from mycobacteria-infected macrophages promote inflammation and cellular migration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:669-77. [PMID: 23241892 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is characterized by a strong inflammatory response whereby a few infected macrophages within the granuloma induce sustained cellular accumulation. The mechanisms coordinating this response are poorly characterized. We hypothesized that microparticles (MPs), which are submicron, plasma membrane-derived vesicles released by cells under both physiological and pathological conditions, are involved in this process. Aerosol infection of mice with M. tuberculosis increased CD45(+) MPs in the blood after 4 wk of infection, and in vitro infection of human and murine macrophages with mycobacteria enhanced MP release. MPs derived from mycobacteria-infected macrophages were proinflammatory, and when injected into uninfected mice they induced significant neutrophil, macrophage, and dendritic cell recruitment to the injection site. When incubated with naive macrophages, these MPs enhanced proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release, and they aided in the disruption of the integrity of a respiratory epithelial cell monolayer, providing a mechanism for the egress of cells to the site of M. tuberculosis infection in the lung. In addition, MPs colocalized with the endocytic recycling marker Rab11a within macrophages, and this association increased when the MPs were isolated from mycobacteria-infected cells. M. tuberculosis-derived MPs also carried mycobacterial Ag and were able to activate M. tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) T cells in vivo and in vitro in a dendritic cell-dependent manner. Collectively, these data identify an unrecognized role for MPs in host response against M. tuberculosis by promoting inflammation, intercellular communication, and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun B Walters
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia.
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94
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Nantakomol D, Palasuwan A, Chaowanathikhom M, Soogarun S, Imwong M. Red cell and platelet-derived microparticles are increased in G6PD-deficient subjects. Eur J Haematol 2012; 89:423-9. [PMID: 22938511 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In response to oxidative stress and during apoptosis, cells often shed microparticles (MPs), submicron elements carrying phosphatidylserine and protein antigens. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient cells are extremely sensitive to oxidative damage that may lead to the formation of MPs. To determine whether G6PD deficiency alters membrane phospholipid asymmetry and increases MPs production, we determined the concentrations and cellular origins of MPs in G6PD-deficient individuals using flow cytometry. G6PD-deficient individuals showed an increase in circulating MPs concentrations as compared with G6PD-normal individuals [1051/μL (865-2532/μL) vs. 258/μL (235-575/μL), P < 0.01]. MPs concentrations were significantly increased with the severity of G6PD deficiency. Median MPs concentrations from individuals with severe G6PD deficiency, and individuals with moderate G6PD deficiency were 2567/μL (1216-2532/μL) and 984/μL (685-2107/μL), respectively (P < 0.01). Importantly, G6PD enzymatic activity was significantly correlated with MPs concentrations with r(2) = 0.731. MPs found in G6PD deficiency individuals were largely derived from red blood cells (RBCs) (45%) and platelets (30%). Additionally, Atomic Force Microscopy was used to study the morphology and measures the diameter of MPs found in G6PD-deficient individuals. The mean (SD) width and height of RMPs were 0. 41 (0.18) and 2.04 (0.14) μm, respectively. Together, these results indicate that MP concentration is significantly correlated with G6PD enzymatic activity and is increased in G6PD-deficient as compared with G6PD-normal individuals. Our data also provide an evidence for an alteration in cell membrane associated with a decreased in G6PD activity. However, the significance of MPs in G6PD deficiency needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangdao Nantakomol
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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95
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Delabranche X, Berger A, Boisramé-Helms J, Meziani F. Microparticles and infectious diseases. Med Mal Infect 2012; 42:335-43. [PMID: 22766273 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Membrane shedding with microvesicle (MV) release after membrane budding due to cell stimulation is a highly conserved intercellular interplay. MV can be released by micro-organisms or by host cells in the course of infectious diseases. Host MVs are divided according to cell compartment origin in microparticles (MPs) from plasma membrane and exosomes from intracellular membranes. MPs are cell fragments resulting from plasma membrane reorganization characterized by phosphatidylserine (PhtdSer) content and parental cell antigens on membrane. The role of MPs in physiology and pathophysiology is not yet well elucidated; they are a pool of bioactive molecules able to transmit a pro-inflammatory message to neighboring or target cells. The first acknowledged function of MP was the dissemination of a procoagulant potential via PhtdSer and it is now obvious than MPs bear tissue factor (TF). Such MPs have been implicated in the coagulation disorders observed during sepsis and septic shock. MPs have been implicated in the regulation of vascular tone and cardiac dysfunction in experimental sepsis. Beside a non-specific role, pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Ebola Virus can specifically activate blood coagulation after TF-bearing MPs release in the bloodstream with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and Purpura fulminans. The role of MPs in host-pathogen interactions is also fundamental in Chagas disease, where MPs could allow immune evasion by inhibiting C3 convertase. During cerebral malaria, MPs play a complex role facilitating the activation of brain endothelium that contributes to amplify vascular obstruction by parasitized erythrocytes. Phagocytosis of HIV induced MPs expressing PhtdSer by monocytes/macrophages results in cellular infection and non-inflammatory response via up-regulation of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Delabranche
- Service de réanimation médicale, nouvel hôpital civil, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France
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96
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Hünemeier T, Amorim CEG, Azevedo S, Contini V, Acuña-Alonzo V, Rothhammer F, Dugoujon JM, Mazières S, Barrantes R, Villarreal-Molina MT, Paixão-Côrtes VR, Salzano FM, Canizales-Quinteros S, Ruiz-Linares A, Bortolini MC. Evolutionary responses to a constructed niche: ancient Mesoamericans as a model of gene-culture coevolution. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38862. [PMID: 22768049 PMCID: PMC3380856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture and genetics rely on two distinct but not isolated transmission systems. Cultural processes may change the human selective environment and thereby affect which individuals survive and reproduce. Here, we evaluated whether the modes of subsistence in Native American populations and the frequencies of the ABCA1*Arg230Cys polymorphism were correlated. Further, we examined whether the evolutionary consequences of the agriculturally constructed niche in Mesoamerica could be considered as a gene-culture coevolution model. For this purpose, we genotyped 229 individuals affiliated with 19 Native American populations and added data for 41 other Native American groups (n = 1905) to the analysis. In combination with the SNP cluster of a neutral region, this dataset was then used to unravel the scenario involved in 230Cys evolutionary history. The estimated age of 230Cys is compatible with its origin occurring in the American continent. The correlation of its frequencies with the archeological data on Zea pollen in Mesoamerica/Central America, the neutral coalescent simulations, and the FST-based natural selection analysis suggest that maize domestication was the driving force in the increase in the frequencies of 230Cys in this region. These results may represent the first example of a gene-culture coevolution involving an autochthonous American allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tábita Hünemeier
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Guerra Amorim
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Soledad Azevedo
- Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, U9120ACV, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Veronica Contini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Víctor Acuña-Alonzo
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Rothhammer
- Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Jean-Michel Dugoujon
- Laboratoire d′Anthropologie Moléculaire et d′Imagerie de Synthèse, UMR 5288 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse3), Toulouse, France
| | - Stephane Mazières
- Anthropologie Bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), UMR 7268, Aix-Marseille-Université/CNRS/EFS, Marseille, France
| | - Ramiro Barrantes
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Vanessa Rodrigues Paixão-Côrtes
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francisco M. Salzano
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andres Ruiz-Linares
- The Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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97
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Jaiswal R, Luk F, Gong J, Mathys JM, Grau GER, Bebawy M. Microparticle conferred microRNA profiles--implications in the transfer and dominance of cancer traits. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:37. [PMID: 22682234 PMCID: PMC3499176 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microparticles (MPs) are membrane vesicles which are released from normal and malignant cells following a process of budding and detachment from donor cells. MPs contain surface antigens, proteins and genetic material and serve as vectors of intercellular communication. MPs comprise the major source of systemic RNA including microRNA (miRNA), the aberrant expression of which appears to be associated with stage, progression and spread of many cancers. Our previous study showed that MPs carry both transcripts and miRNAs associated with the acquisition of multidrug resistance in cancer. RESULTS Herein, we expand on our previous finding and demonstrate that MPs carry the transcripts of the membrane vesiculation machinery (floppase and scramblase) as well as nucleic acids encoding the enzymes essential for microRNA biogenesis (Drosha, Dicer and Argonaute). We also demonstrate using microarray miRNA profiling analysis, the selective packaging of miRNAs (miR-1228*, miR-1246, miR-1308, miR-149*, miR-455-3p, miR-638 and miR-923) within the MP cargo upon release from the donor cells. CONCLUSIONS These miRNAs are present in both haematological and non-haematological cancer cells and are involved in pathways implicated in cancer pathogenesis, membrane vesiculation and cascades regulated by ABC transporters. Our recent findings reinforce our earlier reports that MP transfer 're-templates' recipient cells so as to reflect donor cell traits. We now demonstrate that this process is likely to occur via a process of selective packaging of nucleic acid species, including regulatory nucleic acids upon MP vesiculation. These findings have significant implications in understanding the cellular basis governing the intercellular acquisition and dominance of deleterious traits in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Jaiswal
- School of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health Level 13, Building 1, University of Technology, Sydney, 123 Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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98
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Gong J, Jaiswal R, Mathys JM, Combes V, Grau G, Bebawy M. Microparticles and their emerging role in cancer multidrug resistance. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38:226-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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99
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Cossetti C, Smith JA, Iraci N, Leonardi T, Alfaro-Cervello C, Pluchino S. Extracellular membrane vesicles and immune regulation in the brain. Front Physiol 2012; 3:117. [PMID: 22557978 PMCID: PMC3340916 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is characterized by a complex and integrated network of interacting cells in which cell-to-cell communication is critical for proper development and function. Initially considered as an immune privileged site, the brain is now regarded as an immune specialized system. Accumulating evidence reveals the presence of immune components in the brain, as well as extensive bidirectional communication that takes place between the nervous and the immune system both under homeostatic and pathological conditions. In recent years the secretion of extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) has been described as a new and evolutionary well-conserved mechanism of cell-to-cell communication, with EMVs influencing the microenvironment through the traffic of bioactive molecules that include proteins and nucleic acids, such as DNA, protein coding, and non-coding RNAs. Increasing evidence suggests that EMVs are a promising candidate to study cross-boundary cell-to-cell communication pathways. Herein we review the role of EMVs secreted by neural cells in modulating the immune response(s) within the brain under physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cossetti
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
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100
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Razakandrainibe R, Pelleau S, Grau GE, Jambou R. Antigen presentation by endothelial cells: what role in the pathophysiology of malaria? Trends Parasitol 2012; 28:151-60. [PMID: 22365903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the endothelial cell (EC) barrier leads to pathology via edema and inflammation. During infections, pathogens are known to invade the EC barrier and modulate vascular permeability. However, ECs are semi-professional antigen-presenting cells, triggering T-cell costimulation and specific immune-cell activation. This in turn leads to the release of inflammatory mediators and the destruction of infected cells by effectors such as CD8(+) T-cells. During malaria, transfer of parasite antigens to the EC surface is now established. At the same time, CD8 activation seems to play a major role in cerebral malaria. We summarize here some of the pathways leading to antigen presentation by ECs and address the involvement of these mechanisms in the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria.
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