51
|
Wang G, Xiao L, Zhang M, Kamat AM, Siefker-Radtke A, Dinney CP, Czerniak B, Guo CC. Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 81 cases. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:57-65. [PMID: 29763719 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) of the bladder is a rare disease. We retrospectively studied a large series of bladder SmCC from a single institution. The patients included 69 men and 12 women with a mean age of 68 years. Most bladder SmCCs were presented at advanced stage, with tumors invading the muscularis propria and beyond (n = 77). SmCC was pure in 27 cases and mixed with other histologic types in 54 cases, including urothelial carcinoma (UC) (n = 32), UC in situ (n = 26), glandular (n = 14), micropapillary (n = 4), sarcomatoid (n = 4), squamous (n = 3), and plasmacytoid (n = 1) features. Most SmCCs expressed neuroendocrine markers synaptophysin (41/56), chromogranin (26/55), and CD56 (39/41); however, they did not express UC luminal markers CK20 (0/17), GATA3 (1/30), and uroplakin II (1/22). Some SmCCs showed focal expression of CK5/6 (9/25), a marker for the basal molecular subtype. Furthermore, expression of the retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) gene protein was lost in most of the bladder SmCCs (2/23). The patients' survival was significantly associated with cancer stage but did not show a significant difference between mixed and pure SmCCs. Compared with conventional UC at similar stages, SmCC had a worse prognosis only when patients developed metastatic diseases. In conclusion, bladder SmCC is an aggressive disease that is frequently present at an advanced stage. A fraction of SmCCs show a basal molecular subtype, which may underlie its good response to chemotherapy. Inactivation of the RB1 gene may be implicated in the oncogenesis of bladder SmCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ashish M Kamat
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arlene Siefker-Radtke
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Colin P Dinney
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Charles C Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Zhang MX, Gan W, Jing CY, Zheng SS, Zhang J, Shen HJ, Xu X, Lin JJ, Zhang BH, Qiu SJ. Overexpression of interleukin-35 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a prognostic indicator after curative resection. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1195-1206. [PMID: 29446854 PMCID: PMC5891208 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin‐35 (IL‐35) is implicated in tumorigenesis, but its exact impact on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is not clear. The aim of the present study was to explore the specific effect of IL‐35 on patient prognosis. Additionally, we formulated an effective prognostic nomogram for ICC patients after curative resection. Immunohistochemistry was applied to explore IL‐35 expression as well as IL‐35 receptor (IL‐35R) in 102 ICC patients. Results showed that IL‐35 was highly expressed in ICC tumor tissues and was positively associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM), TNM stage and vascular invasion and was an independent prognostic factor for patients' overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS). High expression of IL‐35R (gp130 and IL‐12Rβ2) was also observed in ICC cancer tissues, but only gp130 was an independent prognostic factor for OS and RFS and was indispensable in IL‐35‐mediated ICC clinical prognosis. The nomogram comprising carcinoembryonic antigen, LNM, IL‐35 and gp130 expression achieved better predictive accuracy compared with TNM stage for OS. Our data support that high IL‐35 expression correlates with ICC aggressiveness and emerges as a valuable biomarker for evaluating ICC progression and prognosis in clinical work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xia Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Yu Jing
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-Su Zheng
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu-Jia Shen
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Lin
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Heng Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Jian Qiu
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Heby M, Lundgren S, Nodin B, Elebro J, Eberhard J, Jirström K. Relationship between mismatch repair immunophenotype and long-term survival in patients with resected periampullary adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2018. [PMID: 29540182 PMCID: PMC5853113 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periampullary adenocarcinomas, including pancreatic cancer, are a heterogeneous group of tumors with poor prognosis, where classification into intestinal type (I-type) or pancreatobiliary type (PB-type) is a relevant prognostic factor. The clinical significance of deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) in periampullary adenocarcinoma is comparatively unexplored. Herein, we examined the associations of MMR immunophenotype with long-term survival in patients with resected periampullary adenocarcinoma, with particular reference to morphology and adjuvant treatment response. Methods MMR protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays with primary tumors from a retrospective cohort of 175 patients with periampullary adenocarcinoma treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy during 2001–2011 in Malmö and Lund University Hospitals, Sweden. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results After a mean follow-up of 46.5 (1.9–185.1) months, 35 patients (20.3%) were alive, 24 with I-type and 11 with PB-type tumors. MMR protein expression could be evaluated in 172 cases, in which dMMR was denoted in 20 (11.6%) cases, 13/63 (20.6%) in I-type and 7/109 (6.4%) in PB-type tumors. dMMR was associated with a significantly prolonged overall survival in the entire cohort (HR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.13–0.57), and in I-type tumors (HR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.06–0.68), however not independent of conventional prognostic factors. In PB-type tumors, dMMR was not prognostic, but there was a significant negative interaction between dMMR and adjuvant treatment (pinteraction = 0.015). Conclusions dMMR is more frequent in I-type compared to PB-type periampullary adenocarcinoma, and is a prognostic factor for long-term survival only in the former. The finding of the small number of PB-type tumors with dMMR potentially lacking benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy is however noteworthy and merits further validation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1444-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Heby
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Sebastian Lundgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Elebro
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Dai T, Dai Y, Murata Y, Husni RE, Nakano N, Sakashita S, Noguchi M. The prognostic significance of N-myc downregulated gene 1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Int 2018; 68:224-231. [PMID: 29431240 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is related to the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and associated with c-Myc degradation in NSCLC cell lines. However, the relationship of NDRG1 to prognosis or c-Myc expression in lung adenocarcinoma has not been well clarified. The present study was designed to investigate the prognostic significance of NDRG1 and/or c-Myc expression in lung adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemistry with a tissue microarray. We examined 184 lung adenocarcinomas and observed low expression of NDRG1 in adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), whereas high expression of NDRG1 was seen in invasive adenocarcinoma. Each of the clinicopathological features except age was significantly correlated with NDRG1 expression. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that high expression of NDRG1 was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in comparison with low expression (log-rank, P < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that vascular invasion (P = 0.012), lymphatic permeation (P = 0.038), and NDRG1 expression (P = 0.026) were independent prognostic factors. Expression of NDRG1 and positivity for c-Myc were significantly correlated (P = 0.005). These findings indicate that NDRG1 expression is associated with both prognosis and c-Myc expression in lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Dai
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Dai
- Diagnostic Pathology, Tsukuba Memorial Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Murata
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryan Edbert Husni
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nakano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Aleskandarany MA, Vandenberghe ME, Marchiò C, Ellis IO, Sapino A, Rakha EA. Tumour Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer: From Morphology to Personalised Medicine. Pathobiology 2018; 85:23-34. [DOI: 10.1159/000477851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
56
|
Tóth C, Sükösd F, Valicsek E, Herpel E, Schirmacher P, Tiszlavicz L. Loss of CDX2 gene expression is associated with DNA repair proteins and is a crucial member of the Wnt signaling pathway in liver metastasis of colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3586-3593. [PMID: 29467879 PMCID: PMC5796384 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) has been well-established as a diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer (CRC); however, less is known about its regulation, particularly its potential interactions with the DNA repair proteins, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and β-catenin, in a non-transcriptional manner. In the present study, the protein expression of CDX2 was analyzed, depending on the expression of the DNA repair proteins, mismatch repair (MMR), O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1), and its importance in Wnt signaling was also determined. A total of 101 liver metastases were punched into tissue microarray (TMA) blocks and serial sections were cut for immunohistochemistry. For each protein, an immunoreactive score was generated according to literature data and the scores were fitted to TMA. Subsequently, statistical analysis was performed to compare the levels of expression with each other and with clinical data. CDX2 loss of expression was observed in 38.5% of the CRC liver metastasis cases. A statistically significant association between CDX2 and each of the investigated MMRs was observed: MutL Homolog 1 (P<0.01), MutS protein Homolog (MSH) 2 (P<0.01), MSH6 (P<0.01), and postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (P=0.040). Furthermore, loss of MGMT and ERCC1 was also associated with CDX2 loss (P=0.039 and P<0.01, respectively). In addition, CDX2 and ERCC1 were inversely associated with metastatic tumor size (P=0.038 and P=0.027, respectively). Sustained CDX2 expression was associated with a higher expression of cytoplasmic/membranous β-catenin and with nuclear APC expression (P=0.042 and P<0.01, respectively). In conclusion, CDX2 loss of expression was not a rare event in liver metastasis of CRC and the results suggested that CDX2 may be involved in mechanisms resulting in the loss of DNA repair protein expression, and in turn methylation; however, its exact function in this context remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Tóth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Farkas Sükösd
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Valicsek
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Tissue Bank of The National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
57
|
Protocols for Tissue Microarrays in Prostate Cancer Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1786:103-116. [PMID: 29786789 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7845-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue microarray (TMA) technology is a method for high-throughput analysis of tissue biomarkers, commonly used in translational cancer research. TMAs allow performing a variety of in situ applications on hundreds of tissue samples simultaneously using the same protocols as for conventional slides. Thereby, precious material from patient samples remains largely preserved while costs in resources and time in laboratory processing decrease. Therefore, a TMA is a powerful tool to identify and study biomarkers that may have a potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value. Depending on the research question, there are different types of TMAs, such as progression TMA, outcome TMA, and tumor heterogeneity TMA. Since the first introduction of the TMA method almost 20 years ago, most laboratories used manual tissue arrayers for manufacturing. Nowadays, automatic or semiautomatic devices are commercially available, which largely facilitates the technical construction. However, preparatory work remains the most time-consuming part in preparing TMAs. This chapter focuses on issues involved in design and construction of prostate cancer TMAs.
Collapse
|
58
|
Hedner C, Borg D, Nodin B, Karnevi E, Jirström K, Eberhard J. Expression and prognostic significance of human epidermal growth factor receptors 1, 2 and 3 in oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas preneoadjuvant and postneoadjuvant treatment. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:451-462. [PMID: 29138285 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neoadjuvant treatment has now become the standard of care for oesophageal and gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of neoadjuvant therapy on the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER1/EGFR), HER2 and HER3, in oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of EGFR, HER2 and HER3 was examined and compared in pretreatment biopsies, post-treatment surgical resection specimens and metastases in a retrospective cohort of 166 patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or stomach. The relationship between expression of the investigative markers and histopathological response to neoadjuvant treatment, overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) was analysed. RESULTS Conversion of protein expression between pretreatment biopsy and post-treatment surgical resection was seen in 4.6% of the cases for EGFR, 5.9% for HER2% and 19.4% for HER3. Histopathological response to neoadjuvant treatment was significantly and stepwise associated with OS and RFS . High HER3 protein expression in post-treatment surgical resection specimens was significantly associated with a prolonged OS in univariable analysis (HR=0.39; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.93), but did not remain significant in multivariable analysis. Expression of EGFR and HER2 in post-treatment surgical resection specimens was not prognostic. No correlation between pretreatment HER-protein expression and histopathological response was seen. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study underscore the need for further studies on the influence of neoadjuvant treatment on biomarker expression, as this may influence treatment strategy as well as prognosis. Histopathological response is validated as a useful prognostic factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Hedner
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Borg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emelie Karnevi
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Downregulation of TAP1 and TAP2 in early stage breast cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187323. [PMID: 29091951 PMCID: PMC5706630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TAP1-TAP2 heterodimeric complexes are recognized as the transporter associated with antigen processing of major histocompatibility complex class I peptides for recognition by tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of TAP1 and TAP2 in 160 patients with breast cancer and correlated their expression levels with clinicopathologic parameters. The median age of the patient cohort was 52.5 years (range, 30–86 years). Both TAP1 and TAP2 immunohistochemical expression levels correlated significantly with breast cancer characteristics (P < .001). TAP1 expression levels were low to negative in stage I breast tumors. TAP1 and TAP2 levels were significantly higher in grade 3 tumors than low-grade (grade 1 and 2) tumors. TAP1 and TAP2 expression levels were not significantly different among different levels of HER2-expressing tumors and did not vary by estrogen and progesterone receptor status or patient age. Both TAP1 and TAP2 overexpression in breast cancer might be an indicator of an aggressive breast tumor.
Collapse
|
60
|
Li H, Brewer G, Ongo G, Normandeau F, Omeroglu A, Juncker D. Immunohistochemistry Microarrays. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8620-8625. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Li
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, ‡McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation
Centre, §Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, and ∥Department of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Brewer
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, ‡McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation
Centre, §Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, and ∥Department of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Grant Ongo
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, ‡McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation
Centre, §Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, and ∥Department of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Frederic Normandeau
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, ‡McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation
Centre, §Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, and ∥Department of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| | - Atilla Omeroglu
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, ‡McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation
Centre, §Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, and ∥Department of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| | - David Juncker
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, ‡McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation
Centre, §Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, and ∥Department of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A0G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Lyons YA, Wu SY, Overwijk WW, Baggerly KA, Sood AK. Immune cell profiling in cancer: molecular approaches to cell-specific identification. NPJ Precis Oncol 2017; 1:26. [PMID: 29872708 PMCID: PMC5871917 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-017-0031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system has many important regulatory roles in cancer development and progression. Given the emergence of effective immune therapies against many cancers, reliable predictors of response are needed. One method of determining response is by evaluating immune cell populations from treated and untreated tumor samples. The amount of material obtained from tumor biopsies can be limited; therefore, gene-based or protein-based analyses may be attractive because they require minimal tissue. Cell-specific signatures are being analyzed with use of the latest technologies, including NanoString’s nCounter technology, intracellular staining flow cytometry, cytometry by time-of-flight, RNA-Seq, and barcoding antibody-based protein arrays. These signatures provide information about the contributions of specific types of immune cells to bulk tumor samples. To date, both tumor tissue and immune cells have been analyzed for molecular expression profiles that can assess genes and proteins that are specific to immune cells, yielding results of varying specificity. Here, we discuss the importance of profiling tumor tissue and immune cells to identify immune-cell-associated genes and proteins and specific gene profiles of immune cells. We also discuss the use of these signatures in cancer treatment and the challenges faced in molecular expression profiling of immune cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A Lyons
- 1Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Sherry Y Wu
- 1Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Willem W Overwijk
- 2Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Keith A Baggerly
- 3Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- 1Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030 USA.,4Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030 USA.,5Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Siesing C, Sorbye H, Dragomir A, Pfeiffer P, Qvortrup C, Pontén F, Jirström K, Glimelius B, Eberhard J. High RBM3 expression is associated with an improved survival and oxaliplatin response in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182512. [PMID: 28800641 PMCID: PMC5553773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High expression of the RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) has been shown to correlate, with prolonged survival in several malignant diseases and with the benefit of platinum-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate RBM3 in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) as a prognostic factor for overall survival and in relation to benefit of first-line chemotherapy. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was conducted and evaluated in tumours from 455 mCRC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression proportional hazards models were used to access the impact of RBM3 expression on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results High RBM3 expression, both nuclear and cytoplasmic, was an independent prognostic factor for prolonged OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50–0.90 and HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.48–0.91, respectively). PFS was significantly longer in patients with high RBM3 expression who had received first-line oxaliplatin based treatment, compared to those who had received irinotecan based treatment, both regarding nuclear and cytoplasmic expression (p-value 0.020 and 0.022 respectively). Conclusion High RBM3 expression is an independent predictor of prolonged survival in mCRC patients, in particular in patients treated with first-line oxaliplatin based chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Siesing
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Halfdan Sorbye
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital and Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anca Dragomir
- Section of Pathology, Uppsala university Hospital and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Pfeiffer
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Camilla Qvortrup
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Section of Pathology, Uppsala university Hospital and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Tang WJ, Tao L, Lu LM, Tang D, Shi XL. Role of T helper 17 cytokines in the tumour immune inflammation response of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:561-568. [PMID: 28693206 PMCID: PMC5494688 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered cytokine production can lead to immune dysfunction in patients with cancer. The present study investigated the expression of T helper (Th)17 cytokines in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and their clinical significance in providing new therapeutic insights. The prevalence of Th17 cells and their receptors in patients with LSCC was studied using immunohistochemical analysis via tissue microarray technology. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the percentage of Th17 and Th1 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, the proliferation of Th17 cells and Th17-associated cytokines, including interleukin (IL)17, IL23 and RAR-related orphan receptor γt, was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that the prevalence of Th17 cells in patients with LSCC was elevated in their primary tumors, as well as in peripheral blood, compared with that in healthy controls. It was further demonstrated that Th17 cells could be induced and expanded in the tumor microenvironment through cytokines produced by the tumor cells. In conclusion, Th17 cells have a substantial impact on the carcinogenesis of LSCCs, and could serve as a potential therapeutic target to modulate the anti-tumor response in these carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jing Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Di Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Snell CE, Gough M, Middleton K, Hsieh M, Furnas L, Seidl B, Gibbons K, Pyke C, Shannon C, Woodward N, Armes JE. Absent progesterone receptor expression in the lymph node metastases of ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer is associated with relapse on tamoxifen. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:954-960. [PMID: 28416639 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Progesterone receptor (PR) expression is prognostic in early stage breast cancer. There are several reports of discordant expression between primary tumour and axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis expression of oestrogen receptor (ER) and PR. We sought to determine whether expression of these biomarkers in the synchronous ALN metastases of ER positive (+), HER2 negative (-) breast cancer could provide more accurate prognostic information. METHODS The retrospective cohort included 229 patients from a single institution with ER+, HER2- breast cancer who had synchronous ALN metastatic disease (2005-2014). PR expression was correlated with relapse-free survival, and subset analysis was performed for patients who received adjuvant tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor. RESULTS One patient had an ER+ primary tumour, which was ER- in the ALN metastasis. 27 (11.3%) were PR- in the primary tumour and 56 (23.6%) in the ALN metastasis. The predominant change was from PR+ in the primary tumour to PR- in the lymph node. Absence of PR expression in the ALN was significantly associated with relapse; however, this was not the case in the primary tumour. In a subset analysis of patients taking adjuvant endocrine therapy, poorer prognosis was limited to those with PR- metastases on tamoxifen (HR=5.203, 95% CI 1.649 to 16.416, p=0.005). No significant prognostic effect of PR- metastases in patients taking aromatase inhibitors was seen (HR=1.519, 95% CI 0.675 to 3.418, p=0.312). CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of PR expression in ALN metastasis may enable prediction of patients who are less likely to benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen. This study should be replicated in other cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron E Snell
- Breast Cancer Research Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Madeline Gough
- Breast Cancer Research Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn Middleton
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Hsieh
- The Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren Furnas
- The Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brenton Seidl
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristen Gibbons
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher Pyke
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine Shannon
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natasha Woodward
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane E Armes
- The Department of Anatomical Pathology, Mater Pathology, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Sphingosine-1-phosphate/sphingosine kinase 1-dependent lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Surg Today 2017; 47:1312-1320. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-017-1514-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
66
|
Chavan SS, Ravindra S, Prasad M. Breast Biomarkers-Comparison on Whole Section and Tissue Microarray Section. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:EC40-EC44. [PMID: 28511394 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25088.9573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Her2/neu are routinely studied markers for breast carcinoma. Analysis of these biomarkers is traditionally done by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on whole sections. These markers can also be studied on Tissue Microarray (TMA) sections. Tissue microarray is a technique where core samples from different paraffin blocks are arrayed on a single recipient block which can then be cut to yield a single section with multiple cores in it. AIM To compare ER, PR and Her2/neu on TMA sections with whole sections and to determine the concordance of results between the two methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS A TMA block was constructed by punching out 2 mm cores from appropriately marked paraffin blocks of 53 breast carcinoma cases and embedding them in the recipient block. Immunostaining of TMA sections and whole sections were performed for ER, PR and Her2/neu and the results were compared. Statistical analysis was done using chi square test/Fisher-Exact test. Kappa co-efficient, Jaccard Index and G-Index were computed. RESULTS Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma-No Special Type (IDC-NST) was the predominant type of carcinoma and most of the tumours were of Grade II and III. Majority, 38/53 (71.7%) were ER/PR positive and Her2 negative and 9/53 (17%) cases were triple negative. Good concordance between whole sections and TMA sections were noted with kappa value for ER, PR and Her2/neu being 0.671, 0.754, 1.000 respectively which was statistically significant. CONCLUSION Immunostaining for ER, PR and Her2/neu done on TMA section using single 2 mm core were comparable with conventional whole section scores. Thus, TMA is a reliable method for evaluating these biomarkers with the advantage of being time and cost effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha S Chavan
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pathology, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Savithri Ravindra
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Msn Prasad
- Consultant Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Fristedt R, Borg D, Hedner C, Berntsson J, Nodin B, Eberhard J, Micke P, Jirström K. Prognostic impact of tumour-associated B cells and plasma cells in oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:848-859. [PMID: 28078109 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2016.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is well established that the cell-mediated immune response plays an important role in cancer progression and spread, the role of the humoral immune response in this regard has been less studied. According to the existing literature, dense infiltration of B cells or plasma cells appears to correlate mainly with an improved prognosis in several types of cancer, but their prognostic impact in oesophageal and gastric cancer has not yet been described. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was applied on tissue microarrays (TMA) to assess the stromal density of B cells (CD20+) and plasma cells [CD138+ or immunoglobulin kappa C (IGKC+)] in chemo-/radiotherapy-naive tumours from a consecutive cohort of 174 patients with resected oesophageal or gastric adenocarcinoma. Cox proportional hazard's modelling was applied to examine the impact of the investigated markers on overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR). RESULTS In curatively treated patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma, high expression of IGKC was an independent predictor of a prolonged OS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.02-0.57], and TTR (HR 0.15; 95% CI, 0.03-0.71). In curatively treated patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, high expression of IGKC independently predicted a prolonged OS (HR 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24-0.87) and TTR (HR 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-0.98). Expression of CD20 was not prognostic, and CD138 expression was only prognostic in unadjusted analysis of TTR in gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate, for the first time, that abundant infiltration of IGKC+ plasma cells independently predicts a prolonged survival in both oesophageal and gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fristedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Borg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Hedner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonna Berntsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Khan AM, Yuan Y. Biopsy variability of lymphocytic infiltration in breast cancer subtypes and the ImmunoSkew score. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36231. [PMID: 27812028 PMCID: PMC5095894 DOI: 10.1038/srep36231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of tumour biopsies required for a good representation of tumours has been controversial. An important factor to consider is intra-tumour heterogeneity, which can vary among cancer types and subtypes. Immune cells in particular often display complex infiltrative patterns, however, there is a lack of quantitative understanding of the spatial heterogeneity of immune cells and how this fundamental biological nature of human tumours influences biopsy variability and treatment resistance. We systematically investigate biopsy variability for the lymphocytic infiltrate in 998 breast tumours using a novel virtual biopsy method. Across all breast cancers, we observe a nonlinear increase in concordance between the biopsy and whole-tumour score of lymphocytic infiltrate with increasing number of biopsies, yet little improvement is gained with more than four biopsies. Interestingly, biopsy variability of lymphocytic infiltrate differs considerably among breast cancer subtypes, with the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) subtype having the highest variability. We subsequently identify a quantitative measure of spatial variability that predicts disease-specific survival in HER2+ subtype independent of standard clinical variables (node status, tumour size and grade). Our study demonstrates how systematic methods provide new insights that can influence future study design based on a quantitative knowledge of tumour heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Mujahid Khan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Centre for Molecular Pathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Besusparis J, Plancoulaine B, Rasmusson A, Augulis R, Green AR, Ellis IO, Laurinaviciene A, Herlin P, Laurinavicius A. Impact of tissue sampling on accuracy of Ki67 immunohistochemistry evaluation in breast cancer. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:82. [PMID: 27576949 PMCID: PMC5006256 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene expression studies have identified molecular subtypes of breast cancer with implications to chemotherapy recommendations. For distinction of these types, a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers, including proliferative activity of tumor cells, estimated by Ki67 labeling index is used. Clinical studies are frequently based on IHC performed on tissue microarrays (TMA) with variable tissue sampling. This raises the need for evidence-based sampling criteria for individual IHC biomarker studies. We present a novel tissue sampling simulation model and demonstrate its application on Ki67 assessment in breast cancer tissue taking intratumoral heterogeneity into account. Methods Whole slide images (WSI) of 297 breast cancer sections, immunohistochemically stained for Ki67, were subjected to digital image analysis (DIA). Percentage of tumor cells stained for Ki67 was computed for hexagonal tiles super-imposed on the WSI. From this, intratumoral Ki67 heterogeneity indicators (Haralick’s entropy values) were extracted and used to dichotomize the tumors into homogeneous and heterogeneous subsets. Simulations with random selection of hexagons, equivalent to 0.75 mm circular diameter TMA cores, were performed. The tissue sampling requirements were investigated in relation to tumor heterogeneity using linear regression and extended error analysis. Results The sampling requirements were dependent on the heterogeneity of the biomarker expression. To achieve a coefficient error of 10 %, 5–6 cores were needed for homogeneous cases, 11–12 cores for heterogeneous cases; in mixed tumor population 8 TMA cores were required. Similarly, to achieve the same accuracy, approximately 4,000 nuclei must be counted when the intratumor heterogeneity is mixed/unknown. Tumors of low proliferative activity would require larger sampling (10–12 TMA cores, or 6,250 nuclei) to achieve the same error measurement results as for highly proliferative tumors. Conclusions Our data show that optimal tissue sampling for IHC biomarker evaluation is dependent on the heterogeneity of the tissue under study and needs to be determined on a per use basis. We propose a method that can be applied to determine the sampling strategy for specific biomarkers, tissues and study targets. In addition, our findings highlight the benefit of high-capacity computer-based IHC measurement techniques to improve accuracy of the testing. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13000-016-0525-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justinas Besusparis
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K.Ciurlionio 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania. .,National Center of Pathology, affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, P. Baublio 5, Vilnius, LT-08406, Lithuania.
| | - Benoit Plancoulaine
- PathImage/BioTICLA, Inserm (UMR 1199), University Caen Normandy, Cancer Center F. Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Allan Rasmusson
- National Center of Pathology, affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, P. Baublio 5, Vilnius, LT-08406, Lithuania
| | - Renaldas Augulis
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K.Ciurlionio 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania.,National Center of Pathology, affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, P. Baublio 5, Vilnius, LT-08406, Lithuania
| | - Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aida Laurinaviciene
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K.Ciurlionio 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania.,National Center of Pathology, affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, P. Baublio 5, Vilnius, LT-08406, Lithuania
| | - Paulette Herlin
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K.Ciurlionio 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Laurinavicius
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K.Ciurlionio 21, Vilnius, LT-03101, Lithuania.,National Center of Pathology, affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, P. Baublio 5, Vilnius, LT-08406, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Tumour heterogeneity: principles and practical consequences. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:371-84. [PMID: 27412632 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Two major reasons compel us to study tumour heterogeneity: firstly, it represents the basis of acquired therapy resistance, and secondly, it may be one of the major sources of the low level of reproducibility in clinical cancer research. The present review focuses on the heterogeneity of neoplastic disease, both within the primary tumour and between primary tumour and metastases. We discuss different levels of heterogeneity and the current understanding of the phenomenon, as well as imminent developments relevant for clinical research and diagnostic pathology. It is necessary to develop new tools to study heterogeneity and new biomarkers for heterogeneity. Established and new in situ methods will be very useful. In future studies, not only clonal heterogeneity needs to be addressed but also non-clonal phenotypic heterogeneity which might be important for therapy resistance. We also review heterogeneity established in major tumour types, in order to explore potential similarities that might help to define new strategies for targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
71
|
Nambiar PR, Boutin SR, Raja R, Rosenberg DW. Global Gene Expression Profiling: A Complement to Conventional Histopathologic Analysis of Neoplasia. Vet Pathol 2016; 42:735-52. [PMID: 16301570 DOI: 10.1354/vp.42-6-735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional profiling of entire tumors has yielded considerable insight into the molecular mechanisms of heterogeneous cell populations within different types of neoplasms. The data thus acquired can be further refined by microdissection methods that enable the analyses of subpopulations of neoplastic cells. Separation of the various components of a neoplasm (i.e., stromal cells, inflammatory infiltrates, and blood vessels) has been problematic, primarily because of a paucity of tools for accurate microdissection. The advent of laser capture microdissection combined with powerful tools of linear amplification of RNA and high-throughput microarray-based assays have allowed the transcriptional mapping of intricate and highly complex networks within pure populations of neoplastic cells. With this approach, specific “molecular signatures” can be assigned to tumors of distinct or even similar histomorphology, thereby aiding the desired objective of pattern recognition, tumor classification, and prognostication. This review highlights the potential benefits of global gene expression profiling of tumor cells as a complement to conventional histopathologic analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P R Nambiar
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139,USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Diaz LK, Gupta R, Kidwai N, Sneige N, Wiley EL. The Use of TMA for Interlaboratory Validation of FISH Testing for Detection of HER2 Gene Amplification in Breast Cancer. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 52:501-7. [PMID: 15034001 DOI: 10.1177/002215540405200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing for breast cancer is largely limited to academic centers and commercial laboratories. As testing demands increase, methods for rapid and cost-effective technical validation and quality assessment will be required. Tissue microarray (TMA), a technique for high-throughput biomarker evaluation, could help facilitate these needs. Our objective was to assess the usefulness of TMA technology for validation of HER2 FISH testing. Two TMA blocks containing paired cores from 41 breast cancers were constructed. HER2 FISH was performed in parallel at two institutions and the results compared. One institution, with considerable HER2 FISH experience, served as the reference laboratory. HER2 chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were compared to the FISH results. For positive and negative results, the concordance rate between laboratories was 100%. Using kappa statistical analysis to determine interobserver agreement, HER2 to chromosome 17 gene copy ratios showed strong agreement between laboratories with kappa = 0.85 (perfect agreement = 1.0). Four cases displaying low-level amplification by CISH contained chromosome 17 polysomy and gene copy ratios of <2.0 by FISH. Good concordance was observed between HER2 IHC and in situ hybridization testing. TMA is a robust and effective method for the technical validation of HER2 FISH testing and should be considered for use by quality assessment programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie K Diaz
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Lebok P, Huber J, Burandt EC, Lebeau A, Marx AH, Terracciano L, Heilenkötter U, Jänicke F, Müller V, Paluchowski P, Geist S, Wilke C, Simon R, Sauter G, Quaas A. Loss of membranous VEGFR1 expression is associated with an adverse phenotype and shortened survival in breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1443-50. [PMID: 27357606 PMCID: PMC4940099 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a key process in tumor growth and progression, which is controlled by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs). In order to better understand the prevalence and prognostic value of VEGFR1 expression in breast cancer, a tissue microarray containing >2,100 breast cancer specimens, with clinical follow‑up data, was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using an antibody directed against the membrane‑bound full‑length receptor protein. The results demonstrated that membranous VEGFR1 staining was detected in all (5 of 5) normal breast specimens. In carcinoma specimens, membranous staining was negative in 3.1%, weak in 6.3%, moderate in 10.9%, and strong in 79.7% of the 1,630 interpretable tissues. Strong staining was significantly associated with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression, but was inversely associated with advanced tumor stage (P=0.0431), high Bloom-Richardson-Ellis Score for Breast Cancer grade and low Ki67 labeling index (both P<0.0001). Cancers with moderate to strong (high) VEGFR1 expression were associated with significantly improved overall survival, as compared with tumors exhibiting negative or weak (low) expression (P=0.0015). This association was also detected in the subset of nodal‑positive cancers (P=0.0018), and in the subset of 185 patients who had received tamoxifen as the sole therapy (P=0.001). In conclusion, these data indicated that membrane‑bound VEGFR1 is frequently expressed in normal and cancerous breast epithelium. In addition, reduced or lost VEGFR1 expression may serve as a marker for poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer, who might not optimally benefit from endocrine therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Huber
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike-Christian Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Lebeau
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Holger Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Heilenkötter
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital Itzehoe, D-25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Fritz Jänicke
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital Pinneberg, D-25421 Pinneberg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital Pinneberg, D-25421 Pinneberg, Germany
| | - Peter Paluchowski
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Geist
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wilke
- Department of Gynaecology, Hospital Elmshorn, D-25337 Elmshorn, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Hamburg‑Eppendorf, D‑20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute for Pathology, University of Cologne, D‑50937 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Song G, Ni H, Zou L, Wang S, Tian F, Liu H, Cho WC. Expression of CD40 is a positive prognostic factor of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3799-805. [PMID: 27382316 PMCID: PMC4922817 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the expression level of CD40 and its role in the prognosis of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who were treated with rituximab-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). Design and methods The immunohistochemical expressions of CD40 in 186 well-characterized DLBCL patients were evaluated by tissue microarrays, thereby revealing the relationship of the molecule CD40 with known tumor, patient-related variables, and survival rates. Results The results showed that CD40 expressions were not statistically different between the germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) type and the non-GCB type. We also analyzed the relationships of CD40 expression with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in DLBCL patients who were uniformly treated with R-CHOP. A low expression of CD40 compared to high expression is related to poor OS and PFS. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the CD40 level at onset acts as an independent prognostic predictor of DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Song
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Huiyun Ni
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Linqing Zou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nantong University, Nantong
| | - Shukui Wang
- Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing
| | - Fuliang Tian
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Choi Y, Park J, Choi Y, Ko YS, Yu DA, Kim Y, Pyo JS, Jang BG, Kim MA, Kim WH, Lee BL. c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation has a prognostic implication and is negatively associated with FOXO1 activation in gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2016; 16:59. [PMID: 27268017 PMCID: PMC4895928 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-016-0473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the biological function of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in gastric cancer remains unclear, we investigated the clinical significance of JNK activation and its association with FOXO1 activation. Methods Immunohistochemical tissue array analysis of 483 human gastric cancer specimens was performed, and the results of the immunostaining were quantified. The correlation between JNK activation (nuclear staining for pJNK) and clinicopathological features, the proliferation index, prognosis or FOXO1 inactivation (cytoplasmic staining for pFOXO1) was analyzed. The SNU-638 gastric cancer cell line was used for in vitro analysis. Results Nuclear staining of pJNK was found in 38 % of the gastric carcinomas and was higher in the early stages of pTNM (P < 0.001). pJNK staining negatively correlated with lymphatic invasion (P = 0.034) and positively correlated with intestinal type by Lauren’s classification (P = 0.037), Ki-67-labeling index (P < 0.001), cyclin D1 (P = 0.045), cyclin E (P < 0.001) and pFOXO1 (P < 0.001). JNK activation correlated with a longer patients survival (P =0.008) and patients with a JNK-active and FOXO1-inactive tumor had a higher survival rate than the remainder of the population (P = 0.004). In vitro analysis showed that JNK inhibition by SP600125 in SNU-638 cells decreased cyclin D1 protein expression and increased FOXO1 activation. Further, JNK inhibition markedly suppressed colony formation, which was partially restored by FOXO1 shRNA expression. Conclusions Our results indicate that JNK activation may serve as a valuable prognostic factor in gastric cancer, and that it is implicated in gastric tumorigenesis, at least in part, through FOXO1 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngsun Choi
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Jinju Park
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Yiseul Choi
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Young San Ko
- Departments of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Da-Ae Yu
- Departments of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 110-746, South Korea
| | - Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, 690-767, South Korea
| | - Min A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea. .,Departments of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea. .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Sideras K, J Bruno M, Kwekkeboom J. Reply to: Comment on ‘Tumour antigen expression in hepatocellular carcinoma in a low-endemic western area’. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:e2. [PMID: 27077694 PMCID: PMC4865961 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
77
|
Elebro J, Heby M, Warfvinge CF, Nodin B, Eberhard J, Jirström K. Expression and Prognostic Significance of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors 1, 2 and 3 in Periampullary Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153533. [PMID: 27070783 PMCID: PMC4829175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periampullary adenocarcinoma, including pancreatic cancer, is a heterogeneous group of tumours with dismal prognosis, for which there is an urgent need to identify novel treatment strategies. The human epithelial growth factor receptors EGFR, HER2 and HER3 have been studied in several tumour types, and HER-targeting drugs have a beneficial effect on survival in selected types of cancer. However, these effects have not been evident in pancreatic cancer, and remain unexplored in other types of periampullary cancer. The prognostic impact of HER-expression in these cancers also remains unclear. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the expression and prognostic value of EGFR, HER2 and HER3 in periampullary cancer, with particular reference to histological subtype. To this end, protein expression of EGFR, HER2 and HER3, and HER2 gene amplification was assessed by immunohistochemistry and silver in situ hybridization, respectively, on tissue microarrays with tumours from 175 periampullary adenocarcinomas, with follow-up data on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) for up to 5 years. EGFR expression was similar in pancreatobiliary (PB) and intestinal (I) type tumours, but high HER2 and HER3 expression was significantly more common in I-type tumours. In PB-type cases receiving adjuvant gemcitabine, but not in untreated cases, high EGFR expression was significantly associated with a shorter OS and RFS, with a significant treatment interaction in relation to OS (pinteraction = 0.042). In I-type cases, high EGFR expression was associated with a shorter OS and RFS in univariable, but not in multivariable, analysis. High HER3 expression was associated with a prolonged RFS in univariable, but not in multivariable, analysis. Neither HER2 protein expression nor gene amplification was prognostic. The finding of a potential interaction between the expression of EGFR and response to adjuvant chemotherapy in PB-type tumours needs validation, and merits further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Elebro
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Margareta Heby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Fredrik Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Expression and Prognostic Significance of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors 1 and 3 in Gastric and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148101. [PMID: 26844548 PMCID: PMC4742525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas are major global cancer burdens. These cancer forms are characterized by a poor prognosis and a modest response to chemo- radio- and targeted treatment. Hence there is an obvious need for further enhanced diagnostic and treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to examine the expression and prognostic impact of human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER1/EGFR) and 3 (HER3), as well as the occurrence of EGFR and KRAS mutations in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemical expression of EGFR and HER3 was analysed in all primary tumours and a subset of lymph node metastases in a consecutive cohort of 174 patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach, cardia and esophagus. The anti-HER3 antibody used was validated by siRNA-mediated knockdown, immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. EGFR and KRAS mutation status was analysed by pyrosequencing tecchnology. Results and Discussion High EGFR expression was an independent risk factor for shorter overall survival (OS), whereas high HER3 expression was associated with a borderline significant trend towards a longer OS. KRAS mutations were present in only 4% of the tumours and had no prognostic impact. All tumours were EGFR wild-type. These findings contribute to the ongoing efforts to decide on the potential clinical value of different HERs and druggable mutations in gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas, and attention is drawn to the need for more standardised investigational methods.
Collapse
|
79
|
Li Z, Cui J, Yu Q, Wu X, Pan A, Li L. Evaluation of CCND1 amplification and CyclinD1 expression: diffuse and strong staining of CyclinD1 could have same predictive roles as CCND1 amplification in ER positive breast cancers. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:142-153. [PMID: 27069548 PMCID: PMC4759424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CCND1 is amplified in around 10-20% of primary breast cancers and preferentially occurs in ER positive tumors. Though CCND1 amplification was reported predicting poor response of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment and poor prognosis in ER positive breast cancers, there were controversial data regarding the predicting value of CyclinD1 protein overexpression. In this study, we detected CyclinD1 expression using immunohistochemistry and CCND1 gene copy number using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 355 invasive breast cancers with foci ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). CCND1 amplification was founded in 52 (14.6%) cases all of which showed moderate to strong CyclinD1 expression. However, majority of CCND1- tumors exhibited mild to moderate CyclinD1 staining. There were identical alterations in DCIS and the invasive lesions within the same tumor. CCND1 amplification was positively correlated with ER, PR and lymph node status (P<0.001) while negatively correlated with HER-2 amplification and p53 status (P<0.05). The majority of the CCND1 amplification/high CyclinD1 breast cancers were luminal B type while basal-like type often lost the expression of this protein. The ROC curve analysis showed that a cut-off point at which the immunostaining score of CyclinD1 is 6.5 could predict CCND1 gene amplification in breast cancer. This study indicated loss expression of CyclinD1 might be an important event in the tumorigenesis in basal-like breast cancers. Further, we confirmed an optimal cut-off point of immunostaining scores of CyclinD1 protein which could be used to predict the status of CCND1 gene and identify a subgroup of ER positive breast cancers with poor response to endocrine agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhishuang Li
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Medicine44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Shandong University, School of Medicine44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Yu
- The Central Hospital of Zaozhuang Mining GroupP.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Medicine44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Aifeng Pan
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Medicine44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Medicine44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Ahopelto K, Böckelman C, Hagström J, Koskensalo S, Haglund C. Transketolase-like protein 1 expression predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 17:163-8. [PMID: 26650256 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1121347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) is an isoform of tranketolase, a key protein in a cancer cell's glucose metabolism that causes rapid cell growth and controls the non-oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Its overexpression occurs in several human cancer types. Our purpose was to study whether TKTL1 expression in colorectal cancer tissue associates with these patients' prognosis. METHODS We collected retrospectively patient data and tissue samples from 840 colorectal cancer patients treated at Helsinki University Hospital, then stained tumor tissue microarrays for TKTL1 by immunohistochemistry, and compared immunohistochemical tissue expression with clinico-pathological parameters and survival. RESULTS High expression of TKTL1 associated with high Dukes stage, non-mucinous adenocarcinoma, and left-sided disease. Patients with high TKTL1 expression had poorer prognosis than those with low expression, with a 5-year disease-specific survival of 55.7% vs. 62.7%. CONCLUSION We show that high TKTL1 in tumor tissue can lead to poor survival in colorectal cancer. TKTL1 thus can serve as a candidate marker for identifying patients at risk of recurrent disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Ahopelto
- a Department of Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.,b Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Camilla Böckelman
- b Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,c Department of Surgery , Vaasa Central Hospital , Vaasa , Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- b Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.,d Department of Pathology and Oral Pathology , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Selja Koskensalo
- a Department of Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.,b Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- a Department of Surgery , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.,b Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Prognostic Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-015-0196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
82
|
von Loga K, Kohlhaussen J, Burkhardt L, Simon R, Steurer S, Burdak-Rothkamm S, Jacobsen F, Sauter G, Krech T. FGFR1 Amplification Is Often Homogeneous and Strongly Linked to the Squamous Cell Carcinoma Subtype in Esophageal Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141867. [PMID: 26555375 PMCID: PMC4640518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Amplification of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is believed to predict response to multi-kinase inhibitors targeting FGFR1. Esophageal cancer is an aggressive disease, for which novel targeted therapies are highly warranted. Methods This study was designed to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of FGFR1 amplification in a tissue microarray containing 346 adenocarcinomas and 254 squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus, using dual-labeling fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Results FGFR1 amplification, defined as a ratio of FGFR1:centromere 8 copy numbers ≥ 2.0, was more frequently seen in squamous cell carcinoma (8.9% of 202 interpretable cases) than in adenocarcinoma (1.6% of 308; p<0.0001). There was no association between FGFR1 amplification and tumor phenotype or clinical outcome. To study potential heterogeneity of FGFR1 amplification, all available tumor blocks from 23 FGFR1 amplified tumors were analyzed on conventional large sections. This analysis revealed complete homogeneity of FGFR1 amplification in 20 (86.9%) primary tumors and in all available lymph node metastases. Remarkably, FGFR1 amplification was also seen in dysplasia adjacent to tumor in 6 of 9 patients with FGFR1 amplified primary cancers. Conclusions In conclusion, FGFR1 amplification occurs in a relevant subgroup of carcinomas of the esophagus and may play a particular role for development of squamous cell cancers. The high homogeneity of FGFR1 amplification suggests that patients with FGFR1 amplified esophageal cancers may particularly benefit from anti-FGFR1 therapies and prompt for clinical studies in this tumor type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina von Loga
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jule Kohlhaussen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lia Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Sepe R, Piscuoglio S, Quintavalle C, Perrina V, Quagliata L, Formisano U, Terracciano LM, Fusco A, Pallante P. HMGA1 overexpression is associated with a particular subset of human breast carcinomas. J Clin Pathol 2015; 69:117-21. [PMID: 26251519 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-202907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer represents the second leading cause of cancer mortality among American women and accounts for more than 40 000 deaths annually. High-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of human malignant tumours, including breast carcinomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate HMGA1 detection as an indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of human breast carcinoma. METHODS HMGA1 expression has been analysed by immunohistochemistry in a large series of breast carcinoma resections (1338) combined on a tissue microarray mainly including the ductal carcinoma variant. The results were then correlated with clinicopathological parameters of patients. RESULTS HMGA1 overexpression was found in the large majority of breast carcinoma samples and its overexpression positively correlated with HER-2/neu amplification and progesterone receptor, while a negative correlation was found with oestrogen receptor. Conversely, no HMGA1 expression was found in normal breast tissues. CONCLUSIONS The data reported here indicate that HMGA1 is overexpressed in human breast carcinomas and its levels are associated with a particular endocrine status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Sepe
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Perrina
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Quagliata
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Umberto Formisano
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Maria Terracciano
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37-Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Heby M, Elebro J, Nodin B, Jirström K, Eberhard J. Prognostic and predictive significance of podocalyxin-like protein expression in pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma. BMC Clin Pathol 2015; 15:10. [PMID: 26028992 PMCID: PMC4449563 DOI: 10.1186/s12907-015-0009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adenocarcinoma of the periampullary region is associated with poor prognosis and new prognostic and treatment predictive biomarkers are needed for improved treatment. Membranous expression of podocalyxin-like 1(PODXL), which is a cell-adhesion glycoprotein and stem cell marker, has been found to correlate with an aggressive tumour phenotype and adverse outcome in several cancer types. The aim of the present study was to examine the clinicopathological correlates, prognostic and predictive significance of tumour-specific PODXL expression in a retrospective cohort of pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma, morphologically divided into intestinal type (I-type) and pancreatobiliary type (PB-type) tumours. Methods Immunohistochemical expression of PODXL was analysed in tissue microarrays with primary tumours and a subset of paired lymph node metastases from 175 patients operated with pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma. Chi square test was applied to analyse the relationship between PODXL expression and clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan Meier analysis and Cox regression models were applied to estimate differences in 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in strata according to membranous and non-membranous PODXL expression. Results Membranous PODXL expression was significantly higher in primary PB-type (49.5 %) as compared with I-type (17.5 %) tumours. In PB-type tumours, PODXL expression was significantly associated with female sex (p = 0.005), location to the pancreas (p = 0.005), and poor differentiation grade (p = 0.044). Membranous PODXL expression was significantly associated with a reduced RFS (HR = 2.44, 95 % CI 1.10–5.44) and OS (HR = 2.32, 95 % CI 1.05–5.12) in I-type tumours and with a reduced RFS (HR = 1.63, 95 % CI 1.07–2.49) but not OS in PB-type tumours. PODXL remained a significant independent prognostic factor only in I-type tumours (HR = 5.12, 95 % CI 1.43–18.31 for RFS and HR = 7.31, 95 % CI 2.12–25.16 for OS). Patients with I-type tumours displaying membranous PODXL expression had a significant beneficial effect of adjuvant chemotherapy regarding 5-year OS. Conclusion Membranous expression of PODXL is significantly higher in PB-type than in I-type periampullary adenocarcinomas and an independent factor of poor prognosis in the latter. The results further indicate a beneficial effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on I-type tumours with membranous PODXL expression, suggesting the potential utility of PODXL as a biomarker for improved treatment stratification of these patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12907-015-0009-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Heby
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Elebro
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Theophilou G, Paraskevaidi M, Lima KMG, Kyrgiou M, Martin-Hirsch PL, Martin FL. Extracting biomarkers of commitment to cancer development: potential role of vibrational spectroscopy in systems biology. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:693-713. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1028372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
86
|
Xu YF, Ge FJ, Han B, Yang XQ, Su H, Zhao AC, Zhao MH, Yang YB, Yang J. High-mobility group box 1 expression and lymph node metastasis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3256-3265. [PMID: 25805932 PMCID: PMC4363755 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i11.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the prognostic value of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) and the possible underlying mechanism.
METHODS: Tissue microarray was constructed from 65 IHCC patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed to validate expression of HMGB1 and Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C). Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to study transcript and protein levels. The interaction between HMGB1 and VEGF-C was evaluated by siRNA, real-time PCR, and enzyme-linked immuno assays. The correlation between HMGB1 expression and other clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed by χ2 test, and the univariate as well as multivariate analyses were accomplished by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox-regression model, respectively.
RESULTS: Overall, overexpression of HMGB1 was found in 38/65 (58.8%) IHCCs, whereas VEGF-C overexpression was present in 30/65 (46.2%) cases. Overexpression of HMGB1 was significantly correlated with lymphatic microvessel density (P = 0.031, r = 0.268) and VEGF-C expression (P = 0.041, r = 0.254). With univariate analysis, both HMGB1 (P = 0.001) and VEGF-C (P = 0.004) were identified to be significantly associated with overall survival rate. Multivariate analysis indicated that HMGB1 could be served as an unfavorable independent prognostic factor in IHCCs (P = 0.005). siRNA knockdown of HMGB1 inhibited transforming growth factor-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by elevating E-Cadherin expression and reducing expression of N-Cadherin, Vimentin and Snail in RBE cells. Further in vitro study revealed that HMGB1 silencing significantly decreased the level of VEGF-C, whereas the recombinant HMGB1 increased the VEGF-C level in RBE cells (both P < 0.05), which suggested that HMGB1 could promote lymphatic microvessel density, and subsequently lymphatic invasion, via promoting VEGF-C expression.
CONCLUSION: Our results define an important role of HMGB1 in the progression of cholangiocarcinoma, and HMGB1 may serve as a prognostic marker for IHCC patients.
Collapse
|
87
|
Chen X, Chen SI, Liu XA, Zhou WB, Ma RR, Chen L. Vav3 oncogene is upregulated and a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2143-2148. [PMID: 26137028 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Vav3 oncogene is overexpressed and has a significant role in the tumorigenesis of prostate cancer and glioblastoma. In the present study, the expression status and prognostic value of Vav3 expression was investigated in breast cancer. Vav3 protein levels were analyzed by immunoblotting in human breast cancer and epithelial cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect Vav3 in a tissue microarray of 173 breast cancers and 19 benign breast lesions. Statistical analysis was performed to reveal the association between Vav3 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox regression model. The Vav3 protein level was higher in the breast cancer cell lines than in the normal human breast cells. Vav3 was expressed in 86.1% of breast cancer patients, but in only 15.6% patients with benign breast disease. Patients with negative estrogen receptor expression, axillary lymph node involvement and a high tumor-node-metastasis stage demonstrated a higher positive rate of Vav3 expression. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with higher Vav3 expression exhibited shorter DFS and OS times. The multivariate Cox analysis revealed that Vav3 was a prognostic factor of survival. Overall, Vav3 was overexpressed in human breast cancer cells and this correlated with a shorter survival time, indicating that Vav3 is a biomarker of a poor prognosis for breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - S I Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-An Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Rui Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Songjiang Central Hospital, Shanghai 201699, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Wikman H, Westphal L, Schmid F, Pollari S, Kropidlowski J, Sielaff-Frimpong B, Glatzel M, Matschke J, Westphal M, Iljin K, Huhtala H, Terracciano L, Kallioniemi A, Sauter G, Müller V, Witzel I, Lamszus K, Kemming D, Pantel K. Loss of CADM1 expression is associated with poor prognosis and brain metastasis in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2015; 5:3076-87. [PMID: 24833255 PMCID: PMC4102793 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) are detected with increasing incidence. In order to detect potential genes involved in BCBM, we first screened for genes down-regulated by methylation in cell lines with site-specific metastatic ability. The expression of five genes, CADM1, SPARC, RECK, TNFAIP3 and CXCL14, which were also found down-regulated in gene expression profiling analyses of BCBM tissue samples, was verified by qRT-PCR in a larger patient cohort. CADM1 was chosen for further down-stream analyses. A higher incidence of CADM1 methylation, correlating with lower expression levels, was found in BCBM as compared to primary BC. Loss of CADM1 protein expression was detected most commonly among BCBM samples as well as among primary tumors with subsequent brain relapse. The prognostic role of CADM1 expression was finally verified in four large independent breast cancer cohorts (n=2136). Loss of CADM1 protein expression was associated with disease stage, lymph node status, and tumor size in primary BC. Furthermore, all analyses revealed a significant association between loss of CADM1 and shorter survival. In multivariate analyses, survival was significantly shorter among patients with CADM1-negative tumors. Loss of CADM1 expression is an independent prognostic factor especially associated with the development of brain metastases in breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Wikman
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
βIII-tubulin overexpression is linked to aggressive tumor features and shortened survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol 2014; 33:1561-9. [PMID: 25527909 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-014-1463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS βIII-tubulin (TUBB3) is a microtubule component overexpression of which is found in many solid cancer types, often linked to poor patient prognosis, and has been suggested to predict failure of microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutics. This study was designed to determine prevalence and prognostic impact of TUBB3 expression in kidney cancers. METHODS AND RESULTS A tissue microarray (TMA) containing more than 1,200 renal tumors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. TUBB3 expression varied markedly between the different histological subtypes and was more frequent in 105 papillary cancers (75.2 %, p < 0.0001), 38 oncocytomas (52.6 %, p < 0.0001), and 22 chromophobic carcinomas (36.4 %, p = 0.1221) than in 555 clear cell RCC (16.4 %). In clear cell cancers, strong TUBB3 positivity was linked to high Fuhrman grade (p < 0.0001), advanced stage (0.002), nodal metastases (p = 0.0433), hematogenous metastases (p = 0.0016), and shortened overall survival (p < 0.0001). Associations with outcome and tumor phenotype were inversely for papillary RCC, where TUBB3 immunostaining was linked to low tumor stage (p = 0.0012) and prolonged survival (p = 0.0043). CONCLUSIONS TUBB3 expression levels and their effects are strikingly different between ccRCC and papillary RCC. These differences may be caused by differences in VHL function between these RCC subtypes, because VHL (like TUBB3) is another strong regulator of microtubule function.
Collapse
|
90
|
Fristedt R, Elebro J, Gaber A, Jonsson L, Heby M, Yudina Y, Nodin B, Uhlén M, Eberhard J, Jirström K. Reduced expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor in pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma signifies tumour progression and poor prognosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112728. [PMID: 25397670 PMCID: PMC4232506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is a key component of the mucosal immune system that mediates epithelial transcytosis of immunoglobulins. High pIgR expression has been reported to correlate with a less aggressive tumour phenotype and an improved prognosis in several human cancer types. Here, we examined the expression and prognostic significance of pIgR in pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma. The study cohort encompasses a consecutive series of 175 patients surgically treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma in Malmö and Lund University Hospitals, Sweden, between 2001–2011. Tissue microarrays were constructed from primary tumours (n = 175) and paired lymph node metastases (n = 105). A multiplied score was calculated from the fraction and intensity of pIgR staining. Classification and regression tree analysis was used to select the prognostic cut-off. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for death and recurrence within 5 years were calculated. pIgR expression could be evaluated in 172/175 (98.3%) primary tumours and in 96/105 (91.4%) lymph node metastases. pIgR expression was significantly down-regulated in lymph node metastases as compared with primary tumours (p = 0.018). Low pIgR expression was significantly associated with poor differentiation grade (p<0.001), perineural growth (p = 0.027), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.016), vascular invasion (p = 0.033) and infiltration of the peripancreatic fat (p = 0.039). In the entire cohort, low pIgR expression was significantly associated with an impaired 5-year survival (HR = 2.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–5.25) and early recurrence (HR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.67–4.98). This association remained significant for survival after adjustment for conventional clinicopathological factors, tumour origin and adjuvant treatment (HR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.10–3.57). These results demonstrate, for the first time, that high tumour-specific pIgR expression signifies a more favourable tumour phenotype and that low expression independently predicts a shorter survival in patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancer. The mechanistic basis for the putative tumour suppressing properties of pIgR in these cancers merits further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Fristedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Elebro
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander Gaber
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Liv Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Heby
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yulyana Yudina
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden; School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
SATB1 is an independent prognostic factor in radically resected upper gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinoma. Virchows Arch 2014; 465:649-59. [PMID: 25326863 PMCID: PMC4245492 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is rising. While some progress has been made in treatment strategies, overall survival remains very poor for patients with adenocarcinoma in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a global genome organizer that has been demonstrated to promote aggressive tumor behavior in several different types of cancer, including gastric cancer. The prognostic value of SATB1 expression in esophageal cancer has, however, not yet been described. In this study, expression of SATB1 was examined by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays prepared from tissue samples from 175 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, cardia, or stomach and containing normal tissue, intestinal metaplasia, primary tumors, and metastases. A well-validated antibody was used. We found SATB1 to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with a radically resected tumor, correlating with shorter overall survival as well as with shorter recurrence-free survival. SATB1 expression was also found to be significantly lower in primary tumors associated with intestinal metaplasia than those without intestinal metaplasia. This observation is of potential biological interest as it has been proposed that intestinal metaplasia-associated tumors constitute a less aggressive phenotype.
Collapse
|
92
|
Elebro J, Heby M, Gaber A, Nodin B, Jonsson L, Fristedt R, Uhlén M, Jirström K, Eberhard J. Prognostic and treatment predictive significance of SATB1 and SATB2 expression in pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2014; 12:289. [PMID: 25323550 PMCID: PMC4232660 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer and other pancreaticobiliary type periampullary adenocarcinomas have a dismal prognosis even after resection and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Intestinal type periampullary adenocarcinomas generally have a better prognosis, but little is known on optimal neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment. New prognostic and treatment predictive biomarkers are needed for improved treatment stratification of patients with both types of periampullary adenocarcinoma. Expression of the Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1) has been demonstrated to confer a worse prognosis in several tumour types, whereas its close homologue SATB2 is a proposed diagnostic and favourable prognostic marker for colorectal cancer. The prognostic value of SATB1 and SATB2 expression in periampullary adenocarcinoma has not yet been described. METHODS Immunohistochemical expression of SATB1 and SATB2 was analysed in tissue microarrays with primary tumours and a subset of paired lymph node metastases from 175 patients operated with pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary adenocarcinoma. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis were applied to explore the impact of SATB1 and SATB2 expression on recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Positive expression of SATB1 was denoted in 16/106 primary pancreatobiliary type tumours and 11/65 metastases, and in 15/63 primary intestinal type tumours and 4/26 metastases, respectively. Expression of SATB1 was an independent predictor of a significantly shorter RFS and OS in pancreatobiliary type, but not in intestinal type adenocarcinomas. Moreover, SATB1 expression predicted an improved response to adjuvant chemotherapy in both tumour types. SATB2-expression was seen in 3/107 pancreatobiliary type primary tumours, and in 8/61 intestinal type primary tumours. The small number of cases with positive SATB2 expression did not allow for any firm conclusions on its prognostic value. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the potential utility of SATB1 as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for chemotherapy response in both intestinal type and pancreatobiliary type periampullary adenocarcinomas, including pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Elebro
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Margareta Heby
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Alexander Gaber
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Liv Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Richard Fristedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21, Stockholm, Sweden. .,School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Zhang W, Fan S, Zou G, Shi L, Zeng Z, Ma J, Zhou Y, Li X, Zhang X, Li X, Tan M, Xiong W, Li G. Lactotransferrin could be a novel independent molecular prognosticator of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:675-83. [PMID: 25286756 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactotransferrin (LTF), also known as lactoferrin, is a key component of innate immune defense. We previously reported that LTF was downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and could suppress NPC cell proliferation. However, the relevance of the relationship between LTF expression and NPC clinical outcome has not been reported. This study aims to assess the possible correlations between LTF expression and clinical parameters and its potential prognostic predictive ability in the outcomes of patients with NPC. Complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) results suggested that LTF expression was significantly downregulated in NPC tissues compared to non-NPC tissues. LTF was negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.042), T stage (P < 0.001), clinical tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.022), and EBV-encoded RNA 1 (EBER-1) expression (r = -.167, P = 0.016). A survival analysis of 108 patients with NPC revealed that positive expression of LTF could predict a good prognosis [disease-free survival (DFS): P = 0.043, overall survival (OS): P = 0.040]. Multivariable analysis revealed that LTF could independently predict prognosis (DFS: HR = 0.414, P = 0.003; OS: HR = 0.309, P = 0.005). These observations indicated that LTF is a potential prognostic factor of NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Zhang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Clauditz TS, von Rheinbaben K, Lebok P, Minner S, Tachezy M, Borgmann K, Knecht R, Sauter G, Wilczak W, Blessmann M, Münscher A. Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166) expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSSC). Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:649-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
95
|
Ullenhag GJ, Al-Attar A, Mukherjee A, Green AR, Ellis IO, Durrant LG. The TRAIL system is over-expressed in breast cancer and FLIP a marker of good prognosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:505-14. [PMID: 25230899 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathway transmits apoptotic signals. Novel anticancer agents that activate this system are in clinical development, including anti-breast cancer. METHODS The tissue microarray technique was applied. We used an array of breast cancer tissues from a large group of patients (>800) to assess the protein expression of TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2, the long isoform of FLICE-inhibitory protein and total FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP(L) and FLIP(T)). Disease-free survival was examined by Kaplan-Meier estimates and the log-rank test. The independence of prognostic factors was determined by Cox multivariate analysis. RESULTS High intra-tumoral expression of all these proteins of the TRAIL pathway was found. The TRAIL receptors and FLIP(L) were not associated with survival. On univariate analysis, strong FLIP(T) expression was associated with a significantly better survival (p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model, FLIP(T) phenotype was significantly associated with a good prognosis in this series (HR 0.52, 95 % CI 0.35-0.78, p = 0.039). Results indicate that this association is valid for all the biological subtypes of breast cancer. The expression of FLIP(T) was especially high in the luminal subtype, known for its good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the use of agonistic TRAIL antibodies and drugs targeting FLIP in breast cancer patients. Over-expression of FLIP(T) but not TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2 or FLIP(L) provides stage-independent prognostic information in breast cancer patients. This indicates a clinically less aggressive phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustav J Ullenhag
- Section of Oncology, Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Application of Tissue Microarray Technology to Stem Cell Research. MICROARRAYS 2014; 3:159-67. [PMID: 27600341 PMCID: PMC4996362 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays3030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is virtually an unlimited number of possible Tissue Microarray (TMA) applications in basic and clinical research and ultimately in diagnostics. However, to assess the functional importance of novel markers, researchers very often turn to cell line model systems. The appropriate choice of a cell line is often a difficult task, but the use of cell microarray (CMA) technology enables a quick screening of several markers in cells of different origins, mimicking a genomic-scale analysis. In order to improve the morphological evaluations of the CMA slides we harvested the cells by conventional trypsinization, mechanical scraping and cells grown on coverslips. We show that mechanical scraping is a good evaluation method since keeps the real morphology very similar to those grown on coverslips. Immunofluorescence images are of higher quality, facilitating the reading of the biomarker cellular and subcellular localization. Here, we describe CMA technology in stem cell research.
Collapse
|
97
|
Abstract
The adequate procurement and preservation of high-quality tissue specimens from patients with melanoma is a critical clinical issue as patients' tumor samples are now used not only for pathological diagnosis but are also necessary to determine the molecular signature of the tumor to stratify patients who may benefit from targeted melanoma therapy. Tissue resources available for physicians and investigators include formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and frozen tissue, either preserved in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) media or snap frozen. Properly preserved tissue may be used to evaluate melanoma biomarkers by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with tissue microarray (TMA) technology, to perform genetic and genomic analyses, and for other types of translational research in melanoma.
Collapse
|
98
|
Jonsson L, Hedner C, Gaber A, Korkocic D, Nodin B, Uhlén M, Eberhard J, Jirström K. High expression of RNA-binding motif protein 3 in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma correlates with intestinal metaplasia-associated tumours and independently predicts a reduced risk of recurrence and death. Biomark Res 2014; 2:11. [PMID: 24963396 PMCID: PMC4067631 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7771-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High nuclear expression of the RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3) has previously been found to correlate with favourable clinicopathological characteristics and a prolonged survival in several cancer forms. Here, we examined the clinicopathological correlates and prognostic significance of RBM3 expression in tumours from a consecutive cohort of upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. Material and methods Immunohistochemical RBM3 expression was analysed in tissue microarrays with primary radiotherapy- and chemotherapy-naive adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, gastroesophageal junction and stomach (n = 173). In addition paired samples of normal squamous epithelium (n = 53), gastric mucosa (n = 117), Barrett’s esophagus/gastric intestinal metaplasia (n = 61) and lymph node metastases (n = 71) were analysed. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards modelling was applied to assess the impact of RBM3 expression on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results RBM3 expression was similar in primary tumours and lymph node metastases, but significantly higher in primary tumours and metastases arising in a background of intestinal metaplasia compared with cases without intestinal metaplasia (p < 0.001). RBM3 expression was significantly reduced in more advanced tumour stages (p = 0.006). Low RBM3 expression was significantly associated with a shorter OS in cases with radically resected (R0) tumours (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.33-3.61, p = 0.002) and RFS in curatively treated patients with R0 resection/distant metastasis-free disease (HR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.64-6.30, p = 0.001). These associations remained significant in adjusted analysis (HR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.17-3.25, p = 0.010 for OS and HR = 3.02, 95% CI 1.45-6.29, p = 0.003 for RFS). Conclusion High expression of RBM3 may signify a subset of upper gastrointestinal cancers arising in a background of intestinal metaplasia and independently predicts a reduced risk of recurrence and death in patients with these cancer forms. These findings are of potential clinical utility and merit further validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liv Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology-Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Hedner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology-Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Alexander Gaber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology-Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Dejan Korkocic
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology-Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology-Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden ; School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Jakob Eberhard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology-Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Oncology-Pathology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Song G, Cho WC, Gu L, He B, Pan Y, Wang S. Increased CD59 protein expression is associated with the outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP. Med Oncol 2014; 31:56. [PMID: 24924474 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the expression and prognostic value of CD59 expression in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who underwent rituximab-cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). The immunohistochemical expressions of CD59 in 186 well-characterized DLBCL patients were evaluated using tissue microarrays and then were related to known tumor- and patient-related variables and to survival. The results show that CD59 expressions were not statistically different between the germinal center B-cell-like-type and the activated B-cell-like-type. We also analyzed the relationships of CD59 expression with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in DLBCL patients who were uniformly treated with R-CHOP. The high expression of CD59 was correlated with poor OS and PFS compared with the low-expression CD59. Our findings indicate that the CD59 level at onset is an independent predictor of the prognosis of DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- CD59 Antigens/blood
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Disease-Free Survival
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Female
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prednisone/administration & dosage
- Prognosis
- Rituximab
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Song
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Abstract
AIMS This study was undertaken to determine the validity and viability of tissue microarray (TMA) technology in assessing diagnostic immunohistochemistry (IHC) at a single laboratory site. METHODS IHC using 57 primary antibodies was performed on a TMA paraffin block containing 89 cores of duplicate previously identified 1 mm diameter tissue specimens. IHC was interpreted by a histology scientist with IHC experience, with pathologist assistance if required. Review of the literature was performed to investigate cases of unexpected immunoreactivity. RESULTS 55 of 57 antibodies had expected positive staining against the TMA tissue panel that correlated with the original paraffin blocks. Immunostaining of duplicate 1 mm cores correlated with the originally sourced paraffin block in 42 of 43 (98%) tissue types. Some antibodies had unexpected positive immunoreactivity. DISCUSSION TMA technology can be utilised effectively in the diagnostic IHC laboratory as a universal positive multiple tissue control block for routine IHC, and can provide valuable information for the benefit of histology scientists and pathologists with respect to interpretation of IHC staining.
Collapse
|