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Jokar M, Abdous A, Rahmanian V. AI chatbots in pet health care: Opportunities and challenges for owners. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1464. [PMID: 38678576 PMCID: PMC11056198 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into health care has seen remarkable advancements, with applications extending to animal health. This article explores the potential benefits and challenges associated with employing AI chatbots as tools for pet health care. Focusing on ChatGPT, a prominent language model, the authors elucidate its capabilities and its potential impact on pet owners' decision-making processes. AI chatbots offer pet owners access to extensive information on animal health, research studies and diagnostic options, providing a cost-effective and convenient alternative to traditional veterinary consultations. The fate of a case involving a Border Collie named Sassy demonstrates the potential benefits of AI in veterinary medicine. In this instance, ChatGPT played a pivotal role in suggesting a diagnosis that led to successful treatment, showcasing the potential of AI chatbots as valuable tools in complex cases. However, concerns arise regarding pet owners relying solely on AI chatbots for medical advice, potentially resulting in misdiagnosis, inappropriate treatment and delayed professional intervention. We emphasize the need for a balanced approach, positioning AI chatbots as supplementary tools rather than substitutes for licensed veterinarians. To mitigate risks, the article proposes strategies such as educating pet owners on AI chatbots' limitations, implementing regulations to guide AI chatbot companies and fostering collaboration between AI chatbots and veterinarians. The intricate web of responsibilities in this dynamic landscape underscores the importance of government regulations, the educational role of AI chatbots and the symbiotic relationship between AI technology and veterinary expertise. In conclusion, while AI chatbots hold immense promise in transforming pet health care, cautious and informed usage is crucial. By promoting awareness, establishing regulations and fostering collaboration, the article advocates for a responsible integration of AI chatbots to ensure optimal care for pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Jokar
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKaraj BranchIslamic Azad UniversityKarajIran
| | - Arman Abdous
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKaraj BranchIslamic Azad UniversityKarajIran
| | - Vahid Rahmanian
- Department of Public HealthTorbat Jam Faculty of Medical SciencesTorbat JamIran
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Reiss F. 'If I drop this, I'll kill the queen': how I launched a veterinary practice for bees. Nature 2023; 621:888. [PMID: 37749266 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
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Pezzali JG, Rafii M, Courtney-Martin G, Cant JP, Shoveller AK. Applying the indicator amino acid oxidation technique in the domestic cat: results of a pilot study and development of a non-steady state prediction model. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac390. [PMID: 36434784 PMCID: PMC10007698 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method could be applied in the domestic cat. Six adult male cats were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Three semi-synthetic diets were developed: a methionine (Met) and total sulfur AA (TSAA) deficient diet (T-BASAL; 0.24% Met+Cys - DM basis) and two Met and TSAA-sufficient diets in which either dl-Met (T-DLM) or 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (T-MHA) were supplemented, respectively, on an equimolar basis to meet the TSAA requirement (0.34%). After a 2-d diet adaptation, IAAO studies were performed. Cats were offered 13 small meals. The sixth meal contained a priming dose (4.8 mg/kg-BW) of l-[1-13C]-Phe and the remaining meals a constant dose (1.04 mg/kg-BW). Breath samples were collected every 25 min to measure 13CO2 enrichment. The following morning, fasted blood samples were collected. Cats returned to the T-BASAL top dressed with a dl-Met solution for 4 d prior to being fed a new dietary treatment. Isotopic steady state was evaluated through visual inspection. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX procedure in SAS 9.4. While 13CO2 enrichment was successfully captured in breath samples, cats failed to reach 13CO2 steady state. Thus, a non-steady state isotope model was developed and coded in ACSLX (V3.1.4.2) individually for each cat on each study day to predict 13CO2 enrichment, and then, calculate oxidation of l-[1-13C]-Phe (F13CO2). A higher predicted F13CO2 was observed for cats fed T-BASAL compared to the others (P < 0.05), while no differences were observed between T-DLM and T-MHA (P > 0.05). Cats fed T-DLM tended to have higher plasma Met concentrations compared to those fed T-BASAL with cats fed T-MHA intermediate (P = 0.0867). Plasma homocysteine concentrations were higher in cats fed T-BASAL compared to the others (P < 0.05), while threonine concentrations tended to be higher in cats fed T-BASAL compared to those fed T-MHA (P = 0.0750). In conclusion, short-term provision of a semi-synthetic diet deficient in Met may elicit a metabolic response aiming to conserve Met. The successful quantification of 13CO2 enrichment in breath and the higher predicted F13CO2 in cats fed a Met deficient diet suggest that the IAAO technique may be used in cats. Adaptations in the isotope protocol should be made to achieve 13CO2 steady state in breath and avoid mathematical modeling to predict F13CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Guazzelli Pezzali
- Center for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahroukh Rafii
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Glenda Courtney-Martin
- Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John P Cant
- Center for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna K Shoveller
- Center for Nutrition Modelling, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Koh RB, Rychel J, Fry L. Physical Rehabilitation in Zoological Companion Animals. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:281-308. [PMID: 36402487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Animal physical rehabilitation is one of the fast-growing fields in veterinary medicine in recent years. It has become increasingly common in small animal practice and will continue to emerge as an essential aspect of veterinary medicine that plays a vital role in the care of animals with physical impairments or disabilities from surgery, injuries, or diseases.1 This is true now more than ever because of the increasing advances in lifesaving treatments, the increased lifespan of companion animals, and the growth of chronic conditions, of which many are associated with movement disorders. The American Association of Rehabilitation Veterinarians (AARV) defines APR as "the diagnosis and management of patients with painful or functionally limiting conditions, particularly those with injury or illness related to the neurologic and musculoskeletal systems." Rehabilitation not only focuses on recovery after surgical procedures but also on improving the function and quality of life in animals suffering from debilitating diseases such as arthritis or neurologic disorders. The overall goal of APR is to decrease pain, reduce edema, promote tissue healing, restore gait and mobility to its prior activity level, regain strength, prevent further injury, and promote optimal quality of life. Typically, a multimodal approach with pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions is used by APR therapists to manage patients during their recovery. The purpose of this article aims to provide knowledge and guidance on physical rehabilitation to help veterinarians in the proper return of their patients with ZCA safely after injury and/or surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Koh
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Garrod Road, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jessica Rychel
- Red Sage Integrative Veterinary Partners, 1027 West Horsetooth, Suite 101, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Lindsey Fry
- Red Sage Integrative Veterinary Partners, 1027 West Horsetooth, Suite 101, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
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Agani Agani Z, Pomalegni S CB, Akouedegni C G, Boko K C, Bello Orou D, Dossou J, Babatounde S. Ethnoveterinary study of galactogenic recipes used by ruminant breeders to improve milk production of local cows in Benin Republic. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 285:114869. [PMID: 34896209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Benin, traditional recipes are used to improve livestock dairy performance, but they are not sufficient documented. The study aimed to inventory the galactogenic recipes used by herders to improve production in cow farming. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to inventory the galactogenic recipes used by herders to improve production in cow farming. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews among 65 peuls camps, 4 bioclimatic zones, and 565 farmers dialogue partners, including agro-pastoralist, healers and pastoralists from the rainy season April and May 2019. Detailed information about homemade herbal remedies of galactogenic recipes (plant species, plant part, manufacturing process) and the corresponding use reports (dialogue partner, category of use and route of administration) was collected. Then other to classify the various recipes identified into homogeneneous groups according to their effectiveness in stimulating milk, a numerical classification was carried out on the recipes taking into account the milk gain. RESULTS They showed that Peuls and Gandos sociocultural groups have a better knowledge of galactogenic recipes. Of the 295 recipes inventoried, 102 frequently cited recipes were divided into two groups. Group 2, consisting of 16 recipes, had a significantly (p < 0.001) higher milk yield than group 1. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. and Arachis hypogaea L. were the main ingredients of the recipes (respectively 56 and 31% of incorporation rate). The composition of the recipes varied according to the agro-ecological zones. Herders in Northern Benin used more recipes based on Bobgunnia madagascariensis (Harms) J.H.Kirkbr. & Wiersema, Saba comorensis (Bojer ex A.DC.) Pichon and Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton. Those in Southern Benin mainly used recipes based on Gardenia aqualla associated with Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp or Arachis hypogaea L.. To improve the effectiveness of galactogenic recipes, socio-cultural and magical-religious practices are used when procuring the plant material to be used, preparing the galactogen and administering the recipe to the animals. These include pronounced incantations or recited Koranic verses. The most commonly used route of administration is the oral route with an average treatment duration not exceeding 5 days. CONCLUSION The study reveals that the majority of breeders (90%) opt for the use of galactogenic plants rather than synthetic products to improve milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zénabou Agani Agani
- Laboratory of Zootechnics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - C B Pomalegni S
- National Institute of Agricultural Research of Benin (INRAB) Laboratory of Animal Science and Fishery Research, Benin
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Dossou
- Laboratory of Food Process Bioengineering LaBioPA, Benin
| | - Séverin Babatounde
- Laboratory of Zootechnics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
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Maia SR, Mendes PA, da Câmara Barros FFP, Ayer IM, Ramos SB, Vacari AM, Lucera TMC, Murakami VY, de Carvalho LL, Bernardino PN, Gouvêa FN, Borin-Crivellenti S, Crivellenti LZ. Learning curve for the laparoscopy-guided kidney biopsy procedure in small corpses of dogs and pigs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257653. [PMID: 34570802 PMCID: PMC8475998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of renal biopsy through laparoscopy is increasingly present both in human and veterinary medicine. However, both techniques require skill and training to make the operator capable to do it. The learning curve allows the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the number of attempts and minimum time for the surgical procedure. The objective included establish the learning curve for laparoscopy-guided kidney biopsy procedures in dog and pig corpses. Six dogs and six pigs corpses weighing less than 10 kg were used for this study. All corpses underwent kidney biopsy performed through laparoscopy. Twenty-four operators, two per animal, performed 20 renal biopsies each (10 for each kidney), with 480 collection-procedures in total. Duration and difficulty of the procedure and the biopsy sample quality were evaluated and statistical analysis was performed using a mixed regression model with a random effect of individuals and multivariate analysis of data. There were 91.5% of the samples that were adequate for evaluation. There was no significant difference in the number of glomeruli or cortex percentage considering the attempts in either species, demonstrating the operator's ability since first collection. Swine samples showed higher amounts of renal cortex than canine samples. The procedure duration was shorter as more attempts were performed in dogs and pigs. From the fourth repetition, the professional reached a plateau for the variable related to 'collection', and from the second, the professional presented uniform duration for 'sample storage'. Operators of the swine model acquired more agility than the dog ones. The variable 'difficulty' decreased as more repetitions were performed, reaching a plateau in the sixth attempt. Seven renal biopsies laparoscopy-guided are required for an operator to be considered 'capable' to perform the procedure in the referred species included. The learning curve for image-guided kidney biopsy procedures improves the implementation of this technique and benefits patients that undergo this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen Rodrigues Maia
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Pamela Almerinda Mendes
- Veterinary Medicine Graduate Student, University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ilan Munhoz Ayer
- Department of Animal Science, UNA—Academic Center, Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Marieeli Vacari
- Animal Science Graduate Program/Veterinary Teaching Hospital of University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Machado Carneiro Lucera
- Animal Science Graduate Program/Veterinary Teaching Hospital of University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Yurika Murakami
- Animal Science Graduate Program/Veterinary Teaching Hospital of University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lamarca de Carvalho
- Animal Science Graduate Program/Veterinary Teaching Hospital of University of Franca (UNIFRAN), Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Negri Bernardino
- Global Study Program, University of California Davis (UC DAVIS), Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Fernanda Nastri Gouvêa
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science (PPGCV) / College of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEV), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sofia Borin-Crivellenti
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science (PPGCV) / College of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEV), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Zuccolotto Crivellenti
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science (PPGCV) / College of Veterinary Medicine (FAMEV), Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bekeschus S, Kramer A, Schmidt A. Gas Plasma-Augmented Wound Healing in Animal Models and Veterinary Medicine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185682. [PMID: 34577153 PMCID: PMC8469854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of skin integrity is inevitable in life. Wound healing is a necessary sequence of events to reconstitute the body’s integrity against potentially harmful environmental agents and restore homeostasis. Attempts to improve cutaneous wound healing are therefore as old as humanity itself. Furthermore, nowadays, targeting defective wound healing is of utmost importance in an aging society with underlying diseases such as diabetes and vascular insufficiencies being on the rise. Because chronic wounds’ etiology and specific traits differ, there is widespread polypragmasia in targeting non-healing conditions. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are an overarching theme accompanying wound healing and its biological stages. ROS are signaling agents generated by phagocytes to inactivate pathogens. Although ROS/RNS’s central role in the biology of wound healing has long been appreciated, it was only until the recent decade that these agents were explicitly used to target defective wound healing using gas plasma technology. Gas plasma is a physical state of matter and is a partially ionized gas operated at body temperature which generates a plethora of ROS/RNS simultaneously in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Animal models of wound healing have been vital in driving the development of these wound healing-promoting technologies, and this review summarizes the current knowledge and identifies open ends derived from in vivo wound models under gas plasma therapy. While gas plasma-assisted wound healing in humans has become well established in Europe, veterinary medicine is an emerging field with great potential to improve the lives of suffering animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Axel Kramer
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Medical Center, Sauerbruchstr., 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Anke Schmidt
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
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López WA, Gauger PC, Harmon KM, Holtkamp DJ, Cano JP, Macedo N, Zhang M, Silva GS, Angulo J, Zimmerman JJ, Linhares DCL. Probability of PRRS virus detection in pooled processing fluid samples. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109190. [PMID: 34411996 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been a tremendous increase in recent years of population-based diagnostic monitoring and surveillance strategies in swine populations. One example is the use of processing fluids (PF) to screen breeding herds for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) activity. An important question from practitioners using such methods is on how intensively can the sample be pooled. More specifically, processing fluids of how many litters can be pooled into a single sample for diagnostic testing to preserve a high probability of PRRSV RNA detection at low prevalence situations? The objective of this study was to model the effect of pooling PF samples on the probability of PRRSV RNA detection. For this study, a PRRSV-positive PF field sample with a RT-rtPCR quantification cycle (Cq) value of 28 was selected to represent a litter of 11 pigs with a single viremic piglet. PF samples from a PRRSV-naïve herd were used to perform 6 replications of 8 two-fold serial dilutions of the PRRSV-positive sample, thus modeling the pooling effect (dilution). Each two-fold dilution represented an increase in the number of PRRS-negative pigs in the sample by a factor of 2. Samples were tested for PRRSV RNA by RT-rtPCR and the data was analyzed using linear and probit regression models. There was an average increment of 1.37 points in Ct for each two-fold dilution. The estimated probability of testing positive on RT-rtPCR was 43 %, 80 %, and 95 % when there was a single PRRSv-positive piglet among 784, 492, and 323 PRRSv-negative piglets contributing to the sample respectively. Results from this study support the practice of collecting and aggregating PF samples from multiple litters for PRRSV RNA testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will A López
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States; PIC North America, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd #2200, Hendersonville, TN 37075, United States
| | - Phillip C Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States
| | - Karen M Harmon
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States
| | - Derald J Holtkamp
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States
| | - Jean Paul Cano
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States; Pipestone Veterinary Services, 1300 US-75, Pipestone, MN 56164, United States
| | - Nubia Macedo
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey J Zimmerman
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States
| | - Daniel C L Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, 1809 S Riverside Dr., Ames, IA 50011-3619, United States.
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Prządka P, Buczak K, Frejlich E, Gąsior L, Suliga K, Kiełbowicz Z. The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Veterinary Medicine and Their Use in Musculoskeletal Disorders. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1141. [PMID: 34439807 PMCID: PMC8391453 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a dynamically developing field of human and veterinary medicine. The animal model was most commonly used for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment in experimental and preclinical studies with a satisfactory therapeutic effect. Year by year, the need for alternative treatments in veterinary medicine is increasing, and other applications for promising MSCs and their biological derivatives are constantly being sought. There is also an increase in demand for other methods of treating disease states, of which the classical treatment methods did not bring the desired results. Cell therapy can be a realistic option for treating human and animal diseases in the near future and therefore additional research is needed to optimize cell origins, numbers, or application methods in order to standardize the treatment process and assess its effects. The aim of the following work was to summarize available knowledge about stem cells in veterinary medicine and their possible application in the treatment of chosen musculoskeletal disorders in dogs and horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Prządka
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Pl. Grunwadzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.B.); (Z.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Buczak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Pl. Grunwadzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.B.); (Z.K.)
| | - Ewelina Frejlich
- 2nd Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Ludwika Gąsior
- Vets & Pets Veterinary Clinic, Zakladowa 11N, 50-231 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Kamil Suliga
- Student Veterinary Surgical Society “LANCET”, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Pl. Grunwaldzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Zdzisław Kiełbowicz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Science, Pl. Grunwadzki 51, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.B.); (Z.K.)
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Poupaud M, Antoine-Moussiaux N, Dieuzy-Labaye I, Peyre M. An evaluation tool to strengthen the collaborative process of the public-private partnership in the veterinary domain. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252103. [PMID: 34048436 PMCID: PMC8162688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the veterinary domain are widely implemented worldwide and can help to strengthen the capacities of Veterinary Services. Few analyses have been made of these initiatives. This study is aimed at developing an evaluation tool based on participatory approaches and focusing on the quality of PPP processes in the veterinary domain. The tool was divided into ten sections relevant to PPP process organisation and activities. The 44 evaluation criteria and six quality attributes (operationality, relevance, acceptability, inclusiveness, adaptability, and stability) were identified based on literature review and case-study application. The tool was adjusted during four regional PPP training workshops bringing together stakeholders from both public and private sectors. Finally, the tool was validated through an experts' elicitation process and applied in the field in Paraguay. The tool was developed in a non-normative perspective to help the partners adapt the PPP to their specific context, to maximize the opportunities and minimize the risks of such collaborations, and to formulate adapted recommendations to strengthen and improve the PPP collaborative process and thus the outcomes. In an ex-ante perspective, this tool would also help public and private actors to engage and develop a PPP process following the best possible practices. The aim of this tool is to help decision making in terms of PPP development and implementation in the veterinary domain to ensure the added value and relevance of such a collaborative approach in different countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariline Poupaud
- UMR ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Nicolas Antoine-Moussiaux
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Marisa Peyre
- UMR ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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González JA, Vallejo JR. The use of domestic animals and their derivative products in contemporary Spanish ethnoveterinary medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 271:113900. [PMID: 33549762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This review documents the wide and varied repertoire of traditional practices and remedies based on the use of domestic animals in Spanish ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) from the early 20th century to the present. Empirical practices, both ritual and magical, are recorded, and these EVM data are compared with those of other countries in the Mediterranean region and Latin America. The data collected here could form a scientific foundation for future inventories of local veterinary knowledge (LVK) and research addressing the discovery of new drugs for livestock and the validation of the effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A qualitative systematic review of the most important databases in the fields of ethnobiology, ethnoveterinary medicine, folklore and ethnography was performed. Information and use-reports were obtained from more than 60 documentary sources. RESULTS We recorded the use of nine domestic animal species and one hybrid (the mule) and a total of 171 empirical remedies based on the use of a single species. A wide diversity of body parts or derivative products were/are used. Fat was/is the most commonly used product, being used in 71 remedies (42%). These zootherapeutic resources were/are used to treat or prevent a total of 69 animal diseases or medical conditions, in particular dermatological, reproductive and digestive ailments, together with some infectious diseases. Sheep, cattle, goats and equines form the group of domestic animals in which the greatest number of useful species is employed. In addition, many remedies and practices of the magical-religious type are documented. In comparison with other culturally related areas, there is a greater parallelism in the animals and body parts and derivative products used, and the ailments treated. CONCLUSIONS Contemporary Spanish EVM practices amass a great richness of domestic animal-based remedies. A diversity of body parts or derivative products has been used, offering a cultural heritage that could be a fundamental step in the discovery of new and low-cost drugs for treating livestock and alternative materials for pharmaceutical purposes, and it can contribute to the creation of new strategies for the conservation of natural resources and management of endangered species. The usage of zootherapeutic products derived from wild animals can be replaced by the use of products isolated from domestic animals. Finally, this overview contributes to the inventory of some uses, traditional practices and rituals seriously threatened by the progressive loss of LVK.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A González
- Grupo de Investigación de Recursos Etnobiológicos Del Duero-Douro (GRIRED), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, E-37071, Spain.
| | - José Ramón Vallejo
- Departamento Anatomía Patológica, Biología Celular, Histología, Historia de La Ciencia, Medicina Legal y Forense y Toxicología, Área de Historia de La Ciencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, E-11003, Spain.
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12
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Fujimoto K, Kawasaki M, Abe R, Yokoyama T, Haga T, Sugiura K. Establishing defined daily doses (DDDs) for antimicrobial agents used in pigs, cattle and poultry in Japan and comparing them with European DDD values. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245105. [PMID: 33861745 PMCID: PMC8051781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of antimicrobial use is essential in the management of the development and selection of antimicrobial resistance. A variety of indicators has become available to monitor antimicrobial use in human and animal medicine. One of them is an indicator based on defined daily dose (DDD). By using the number of DDDs administered and normalising it by the population at risk of being treated over a defined period, one can estimate the number of treatment days with antimicrobial agents in a population. For veterinary medicine, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has published the European values of DDD (DDDvet) for food-producing animals. In this study, we defined Japanese defined daily doses for antimicrobial agents (DDDjp) using DDD values that we previously assigned for antimicrobial products approved for use in pigs, cattle and poultry in Japan and compared them with DDDvet values. For the comparison, the quotient of Japanese and European values (QDDD) was calculated and the effect of the administration route and the number of active substances contained in the preparation was investigated. A total of 59 DDDjp values were defined for 43 antimicrobial agents using the data of 276 products approved for use in pigs. Likewise, a total of 55 DDDjp values were defined for 32 antimicrobial agents using the data of 196 products for use in cattle, and a total of 27 DDDjps values were defined for 25 antimicrobial agents using the data of 131 products approved for use in poultry. A comparison was made for 42, 28 and 17 pairs of DDDjp and DDDvet values for antimicrobial agents used for pigs, cattle and poultry respectively. The comparison showed median QDDD value of 0.61 and 0.66 for antimicrobial agents used for pigs and cattle respectively (p<0.01), indicating that the Japanese daily doses are significantly lower than the corresponding EMA values in these species. For the antimicrobial agents used for poultry, no significant difference was observed between DDDjp and DDDvet values with a median QDDD value of 1.15. The difference between DDDvet and DDDjp values and absence of DDDvet values for some antimicrobial agents marketed in Japan indicate that DDDjp rather than DDDvet should be used as the basis for the calculation of antimicrobial use monitoring in farm animals in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Fujimoto
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Kawasaki
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Abe
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoyama
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haga
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Sugiura
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kar SK, Wells JM, Ellen ED, Te Pas MFW, Madsen O, Groenen MAM, Woelders H. Organoids: a promising new in vitro platform in livestock and veterinary research. Vet Res 2021; 52:43. [PMID: 33691792 PMCID: PMC7943711 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are self-organizing, self-renewing three-dimensional cellular structures that resemble organs in structure and function. They can be derived from adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells. They contain most of the relevant cell types with a topology and cell-to-cell interactions resembling that of the in vivo tissue. The widespread and increasing adoption of organoid-based technologies in human biomedical research is testament to their enormous potential in basic, translational- and applied-research. In a similar fashion there appear to be ample possibilities for research applications of organoids from livestock and companion animals. Furthermore, organoids as in vitro models offer a great possibility to reduce the use of experimental animals. Here, we provide an overview of studies on organoids in livestock and companion animal species, with focus on the methods developed for organoids from a variety of tissues/organs from various animal species and on the applications in veterinary research. Current limitations, and ongoing research to address these limitations, are discussed. Further, we elaborate on a number of fields of research in animal nutrition, host-microbe interactions, animal breeding and genomics, and animal biotechnology, in which organoids may have great potential as an in vitro research tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya K Kar
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther D Ellen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus F W Te Pas
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ole Madsen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henri Woelders
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Ezanno P, Picault S, Beaunée G, Bailly X, Muñoz F, Duboz R, Monod H, Guégan JF. Research perspectives on animal health in the era of artificial intelligence. Vet Res 2021; 52:40. [PMID: 33676570 PMCID: PMC7936489 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in animal health (AH) makes it possible to address highly complex issues such as those encountered in quantitative and predictive epidemiology, animal/human precision-based medicine, or to study host × pathogen interactions. AI may contribute (i) to diagnosis and disease case detection, (ii) to more reliable predictions and reduced errors, (iii) to representing more realistically complex biological systems and rendering computing codes more readable to non-computer scientists, (iv) to speeding-up decisions and improving accuracy in risk analyses, and (v) to better targeted interventions and anticipated negative effects. In turn, challenges in AH may stimulate AI research due to specificity of AH systems, data, constraints, and analytical objectives. Based on a literature review of scientific papers at the interface between AI and AH covering the period 2009-2019, and interviews with French researchers positioned at this interface, the present study explains the main AH areas where various AI approaches are currently mobilised, how it may contribute to renew AH research issues and remove methodological or conceptual barriers. After presenting the possible obstacles and levers, we propose several recommendations to better grasp the challenge represented by the AH/AI interface. With the development of several recent concepts promoting a global and multisectoral perspective in the field of health, AI should contribute to defract the different disciplines in AH towards more transversal and integrative research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Facundo Muñoz
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Raphaël Duboz
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Sorbonne Université, IRD, UMMISCO, Bondy, France
| | - Hervé Monod
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, MaIAGE France
| | - Jean-François Guégan
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Comité National Français Sur Les Changements Globaux, Paris, France
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15
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Abstract
Overnight, the Covid-19 pandemic brought a need to use technology with which vets might not previously have grappled - most notably telemedicine. Here Daniella Dos Santos, president of the BVA throughout the first national lockdown, reflects on leading the profession through a sudden acceleration towards the future and questions what might come next.
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16
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Scarfone RA, Pena SM, Russell KA, Betts DH, Koch TG. The use of induced pluripotent stem cells in domestic animals: a narrative review. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:477. [PMID: 33292200 PMCID: PMC7722595 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are undifferentiated stem cells characterized by the ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. iPSCs are a relatively new and rapidly developing technology in many fields of biology, including developmental anatomy and physiology, pathology, and toxicology. These cells have great potential in research as they are self-renewing and pluripotent with minimal ethical concerns. Protocols for their production have been developed for many domestic animal species, which have since been used to further our knowledge in the progression and treatment of diseases. This research is valuable both for veterinary medicine as well as for the prospect of translation to human medicine. Safety, cost, and feasibility are potential barriers for this technology that must be considered before widespread clinical adoption. This review will analyze the literature pertaining to iPSCs derived from various domestic species with a focus on iPSC production and characterization, applications for tissue and disease research, and applications for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Scarfone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Samantha M Pena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Keith A Russell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Dean H Betts
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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17
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He D, Yang J, Jiang X, Lin Y, Chen H, Tang Y, Diao Y. A quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detecting a novel goose astrovirus. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6586-6592. [PMID: 33248574 PMCID: PMC7705033 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In November 2017, a severe infectious disease that devastated the major goose-producing regions in China was found to be caused by a novel goose astrovirus (N-AstV). The objective of this study was to develop a quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) assay for the rapid diagnosis of N-AstV characterized with gout, hemorrhage, and swellings of the kidneys. A set of 4 specific primers, 2 inner and 2 outer primers, targeting the ORF1a gene of N-AstV were designed for the assay which could be completed within 60 min at 65°C in a water bath or on a real-time PCR instrument for quantitative analysis. The qLAMP assay showed a high sensitivity with a detection limit of 1 × 101 copies of the target DNA/μL. There were no cross-reactions with other viruses, and the reproducibility of the assay was confirmed in intrasensitivity and intersensitivity assay tests with variability ranging from 0.61 to 2.21%. The results indicated that the qLAMP assay for N-AstV was a simple, accurate, rapid, sensitive, and specific, especially useful for field detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
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18
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Pitzer JB. Highlights of Veterinary Entomology, 2019. J Med Entomol 2020; 57:1336-1341. [PMID: 32667041 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Research in the field of veterinary entomology is dominated by studies concerning arthropods that affect animal health. In 2019, this research primarily addressed the overwhelming industry need to manage detrimental species such as biting flies and ticks and the ongoing problems caused by insecticide/acaricide resistance evolution in these pests. Research also included evidence supporting the need for the conservation of beneficial species, such as biological control organisms. Many studies in a variety of pest systems have demonstrated the potential detrimental effects of insecticide use on nontarget organisms, and those of veterinary importance are no exception. An emphasis also was placed on research regarding alternative management strategies for veterinary pests. The presentation herein provides a descriptive summary of selected research that contributed greatly to the body of knowledge regarding arthropods of veterinary importance. This included several studies that will pave the way towards more effective veterinary pest management in an effort to improve animal health and welfare and, therefore, the sustainability of animal agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy B Pitzer
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA
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19
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Reisen WK. Introduction to the 2019 Highlights of Medical, Urban, and Veterinary Entomology. J Med Entomol 2020; 57:1335. [PMID: 32667044 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William K Reisen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
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20
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Marino A. Interdisciplinary Cooperation. J Avian Med Surg 2020; 33:308-312. [PMID: 31893628 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-33.3.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Lehner AF, Johnson M, Buchweitz JP. Phosphine detection in veterinary samples using headspace gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8738. [PMID: 31981253 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Determination of phosphine exposure from zinc or aluminum phosphide fumigants continues to be a routine analytical requirement in veterinary forensic toxicology. There is a need for a more reliable and specific method than simple gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of sample solvent extracts, as GC/MS of extracts on capillary columns used for general screens involves significant interference from air peaks. METHODS GC/MS/MS headspace analysis of acid-generated phosphine gas enabled study of the feasibility of devising multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approaches to the determination of phosphine with greater specificity. RESULTS Collision-induced dissociation in GC/MS/MS showed that phosphine generated m/z 34 → 31, 32 and 33 ion transitions by sequential proton release as well as minor transitions m/z 34 → 47, 34 → 63 and 63 → 31.5 by intermolecular collisions and double charging. Study of the formation of these product ions enabled development of MRM settings for a highly useful headspace method for phosphine detection. CONCLUSIONS The method was validated over a working range of 5-100 ppm of phosphide generating phosphine gas which enabled retention of regular screen capillary columns without necessitating separation from air components. The method should have adequate sensitivity and reliability for veterinary toxicology laboratories confronting specimens from animals poisoned by crop fumigants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Lehner
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, 48910, USA
| | - Margaret Johnson
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, 48910, USA
| | - John P Buchweitz
- Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Toxicology Section, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, 48910, USA
- Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48910, USA
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22
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Big data creates big opportunities: The promises and challenges of large veterinary health datasets. Top Companion Anim Med 2019; 37:100373. [PMID: 31837762 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2019.100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Banchi P, Quaranta G, Ricci A, Mauthe von Degerfeld M. Reliability and construct validity of a composite pain scale for rabbit (CANCRS) in a clinical environment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0221377. [PMID: 32352960 PMCID: PMC7192371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A composite pain scale for assessing and quantifying pain in rabbits (CANCRS) has been designed merging the Rabbit Grimace Scale (RbtGS) and a scale including clinical parameters (CPS). Construct validity and inter-rater reliability were assessed for CANCRS, for RbtGS and for CPS, in order to test their potential to detect pain in a clinical setting. Rabbits (n = 116) were either hybrids or purebreds and they were independently evaluated by two raters, who could be veterinarians (V) or veterinary medicine students (S). Score intervals determined four pain classes (No pain, Discomfort, Moderate pain and Severe pain) that matched presumptive pain classes associated with some pathological conditions. A chi-square test was used to assess the construct validity of the scales by checking how frequently scale results and presumptive pain classes matched. Sixty-nine patients were evaluated by one V and one S, whereas forty-seven rabbits were assessed by two V, in order to test inter-rater reliability. An intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to test reliability of the scales, whereas Cohen’s kappa tested inter-rater agreement for each parameter of the CANCRS. Construct validity results show that CANCRS and RbtGS efficiently reveal pain (P ≤ 0.05), while CPS does not (p > 0.05). Inter-rater reliability was very good for both CANCRS and CPS (ICC 0.88 V-V, 0.94 between V-S; ICC 0.97 V-V, 0.91 V-S) and good for RbtGS (ICC 0.77 V-V, 0.88 V-S); therefore, CPS reproducibility was better between veterinarians and students than between veterinarians. Inter-rater agreement between veterinarians and veterinary medicine students was moderate to very good for all the parameters included in the CANCRS (Cohen’s kappa >0,60). In conclusion, it is possible to state that the CANCRS has construct validity and it is a reliable tool for use in clinical practice, when coping with many rabbits with morphological differences. It is easy and fast to use and enriches the RbtGS with some clinical parameters that should be monitored during any clinical examination, allowing for capture of the multidimensional aspect of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Banchi
- C.A.N.C. (Centro Animali Non Convenzionali), Dip. di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quaranta
- C.A.N.C. (Centro Animali Non Convenzionali), Dip. di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ricci
- Dip. di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Mitzy Mauthe von Degerfeld
- C.A.N.C. (Centro Animali Non Convenzionali), Dip. di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Barnett T, Pfeiffer DU, Ahasanul Hoque M, Giasuddin M, Flora MS, Biswas PK, Debnath N, Fournié G. Practising co-production and interdisciplinarity: Challenges and implications for one health research. Prev Vet Med 2020; 177:104949. [PMID: 32203814 PMCID: PMC7218707 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We review the nature of interdisciplinary research in relation to One Health, a perspective on human-animal health which would appear to merit close interdisciplinary cooperation to inform public health policy. We discuss the relationship between biological sciences, epidemiology and the social sciences and note that interdisciplinary work demands attention be given to a range of often neglected epistemological and methodological issues. Epidemiologists may sometimes adopt social science techniques as "bolt-ons"1 to their research without having a complete understanding of how the social sciences work. The paper introduces a range of social science concepts and applies them to the challenges of understanding and practicing participatory and local epidemiology. We consider the problem of co-production of knowledge about One Health and zoonotic diseases in relation to funding structures, working in large international teams and explore some of the often-neglected realities of working across disciplines and cultures. We do this in part by applying the concept of value-chain to the research process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Barnett
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, United Kingdom; Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute, University of Manchester, Ellen Wilkinson Building, Manchester M15 6JA, United Kingdom.
| | - Dirk Udo Pfeiffer
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, United Kingdom; Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Md Ahasanul Hoque
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Paritosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Bangladesh
| | - Nitish Debnath
- Teaching and Training Pet Hospital and Research Center, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Sector #18, Road #114, Plot: 5B, Purbachol, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Centre on Global Health Security, Chatham House, 10 St James's Square, St. James's, London SW1Y 4LE, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Fournié
- Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
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Rashkovska A, Depolli M, Tomašić I, Avbelj V, Trobec R. Medical-Grade ECG Sensor for Long-Term Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20061695. [PMID: 32197444 PMCID: PMC7146736 DOI: 10.3390/s20061695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent trend in electrocardiogram (ECG) device development is towards wireless body sensors applied for patient monitoring. The ultimate goal is to develop a multi-functional body sensor that will provide synchronized vital bio-signs of the monitored user. In this paper, we present an ECG sensor for long-term monitoring, which measures the surface potential difference between proximal electrodes near the heart, called differential ECG lead or differential lead, in short. The sensor has been certified as a class IIa medical device and is available on the market under the trademark Savvy ECG. An improvement from the user’s perspective—immediate access to the measured data—is also implemented into the design. With appropriate placement of the device on the chest, a very clear distinction of all electrocardiographic waves can be achieved, allowing for ECG recording of high quality, sufficient for medical analysis. Experimental results that elucidate the measurements from a differential lead regarding sensors’ position, the impact of artifacts, and potential diagnostic value, are shown. We demonstrate the sensors’ potential by presenting results from its various areas of application: medicine, sports, veterinary, and some new fields of investigation, like hearth rate variability biofeedback assessment and biometric authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rashkovska
- Department of Communication Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.D.); (V.A.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-477-3701
| | - Matjaž Depolli
- Department of Communication Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.D.); (V.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Ivan Tomašić
- Division of Intelligent Future Technologies, Mälardalen University, Högskoleplan 1, 721 23 Västerås, Sweden;
| | - Viktor Avbelj
- Department of Communication Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.D.); (V.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Roman Trobec
- Department of Communication Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.D.); (V.A.); (R.T.)
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26
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Bryson KJ, Garrido D, Esposito M, McLachlan G, Digard P, Schouler C, Guabiraba R, Trapp S, Vervelde L. Precision cut lung slices: a novel versatile tool to examine host-pathogen interaction in the chicken lung. Vet Res 2020; 51:2. [PMID: 31924278 PMCID: PMC6954617 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The avian respiratory tract is a common entry route for many pathogens and an important delivery route for vaccination in the poultry industry. Immune responses in the avian lung have mostly been studied in vivo due to the lack of robust, relevant in vitro and ex vivo models mimicking the microenvironment. Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) have the major advantages of maintaining the 3-dimensional architecture of the lung and includes heterogeneous cell populations. PCLS have been obtained from a number of mammalian species and from chicken embryos. However, as the embryonic lung is physiologically undifferentiated and immunologically immature, it is less suitable to examine complex host-pathogen interactions including antimicrobial responses. Here we prepared PCLS from immunologically mature chicken lungs, tested different culture conditions, and found that serum supplementation has a detrimental effect on the quality of PCLS. Viable cells in PCLS remained present for ≥ 40 days, as determined by viability assays and sustained motility of fluorescent mononuclear phagocytic cells. The PCLS were responsive to lipopolysaccharide stimulation, which induced the release of nitric oxide, IL-1β, type I interferons and IL-10. Mononuclear phagocytes within the tissue maintained phagocytic activity, with live cell imaging capturing interactions with latex beads and an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain. Finally, the PCLS were also shown to be permissive to infection with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Taken together, immunologically mature chicken PCLS provide a suitable model to simulate live organ responsiveness and cell dynamics, which can be readily exploited to examine host-pathogen interactions and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Jane Bryson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Scotland EH25 9RG UK
| | - Damien Garrido
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, Centre Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Marco Esposito
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Scotland EH25 9RG UK
| | - Gerry McLachlan
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Scotland EH25 9RG UK
| | - Paul Digard
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Scotland EH25 9RG UK
| | - Catherine Schouler
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, Centre Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Rodrigo Guabiraba
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, Centre Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Sascha Trapp
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR ISP, Centre Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh, Scotland EH25 9RG UK
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Abstract
Zoonoses are infectious diseases transmitted directly or indirectly between animals and humans. Several important zoonotic pathogens colonize farm animals asymptomatically, which may lead to contamination of the food chain and public health hazards. Moreover, routine sampling of carcasses at retail by government authorities over the past 20 years suggests the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens has increased. If this continues, antibiotics may be ineffective against such pathogens in the future and alternative approaches, such as phage therapy, may be necessary. Intensive livestock farming is the only realistic way of meeting the demand for meat from an increasing global population and growth in middle class consumers in developing countries, particularly in Asia. This review elaborates on the use of phages to control zoonotic pathogens in intensively-reared livestock (poultry and pigs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Gigante
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD UK
| | - Robert J Atterbury
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD UK
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28
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Kamm JL, Parlane NA, Riley CB, Gee EK, Dittmer KE, McIlwraith CW. Blood type and breed-associated differences in cell marker expression on equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells including major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225161. [PMID: 31747418 PMCID: PMC6867698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the search for an immune privileged allogeneic donor mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line continues in equine medicine, the characterization of the cells between different sources becomes important. Our research seeks to more clearly define the MSC marker expression of different equine MSC donors. METHODS The bone marrow-derived MSCs from two equine breeds and different blood donor-types were compared over successive culture passages to determine the differential expression of important antigens. Eighteen Thoroughbreds and 18 Standardbreds, including 8 blood donor (erythrocyte Aa, Ca, and Qa antigen negative) horses, were evaluated. Bone marrow was taken from each horse for isolation and culture of MSCs. Samples from passages 2, 4, 6, and 8 were labelled and evaluated by flow cytometry. The cell surface expression of CD11a/18, CD44, CD90 and MHC class II antigens were assessed. Trilineage assays for differentiation into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lines were performed to verify characterization of the cells as MSCs. FINDINGS There were significant differences in mesenchymal stem cell marker expression between breeds and blood antigen-type groups over time. Standardbred horses showed a significantly lower expression of MHC class II than did Thoroughbred horses at passages 2, 4 and 6. CD90 was significantly higher in universal blood donor Standardbreds as compared to non-blood donor Standardbreds over all time points. All MSC samples showed high expression of CD44 and low expression of CD11a/18. CONCLUSIONS Universal blood donor- type Standardbred MSCs from passages 2-4 show the most ideal antigen expression pattern of the horses and passages that we characterized for use as a single treatment of donor bone marrow-derived MSCs. Further work is needed to determine the significance of this differential expression along with the effect of the expression of MHC I on equine bone marrow-derived MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lacy Kamm
- Massey University, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Veterinary Associates, Karaka, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Natalie A. Parlane
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Christopher B. Riley
- Massey University, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Erica K. Gee
- Massey University, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Keren E. Dittmer
- Massey University, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - C. Wayne McIlwraith
- Massey University, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Colorado State University, Orthopaedic Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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29
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Almeida MN, Rotto H, Schneider P, Robb C, Zimmerman JJ, Holtkamp DJ, Rademacher CJ, Linhares DCL. Collecting oral fluid samples from due-to-wean litters. Prev Vet Med 2019; 174:104810. [PMID: 31756669 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral fluids are a common diagnostic sample in group-housed nursery, grow-finish, and adult swine. Although oral fluids from due-to-wean litters could be a valuable tool in monitoring pathogens and predicting the health status of pig populations post-weaning, it is generally not done because of inconsistent success in sample collection. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum procedure for collecting oral fluid samples from due-to-wean litters. Successful collection of oral fluids from due-to-wean litters using "Litter Oral Fluid" (LOF) or "Family Oral Fluid" (FOF) sampling techniques were compared in 4 phases involving 920 attempts to collect oral fluids. Phase 1 testing showed that prior exposure to a rope improved the success rates of both LOF (33.4%) and FOF (16.4%) techniques. Phase 2 determined that longer access to the rope (4 h vs 30 min) did not improve the success rate for either LOF or FOF. Phase 3 evaluated the effect of attractants and found that one (Baby Pig Restart®) improved the success rate when used with the FOF technique. Phase 4 compared the success rates of "optimized LOF" (litters previously trained) vs "optimized FOF" (litter previously trained and rope treated with Baby Pig Restart®) vs standard FOF. No difference was found between the FOF-based techniques, but both were superior to the "optimized LOF" technique. Thus, FOF-based procedures provided a significantly higher probability of collecting oral fluids from due-to-wean litters (mean success rate 84.9%, range 70% to 92%) when compared to LOF-based methods (mean success rate 24.1%, range 16.5% to 32.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Almeida
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - H Rotto
- Innovative Agriculture Solutions, LLC, Ames, IA, United States
| | - P Schneider
- Innovative Agriculture Solutions, LLC, Ames, IA, United States
| | - C Robb
- Innovative Agriculture Solutions, LLC, Ames, IA, United States
| | - J J Zimmerman
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - D J Holtkamp
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - C J Rademacher
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - D C L Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States.
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30
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Barral TD, Mariutti RB, Arni RK, Santos AJ, Loureiro D, Sokolonski AR, Azevedo V, Borsuk S, Meyer R, Portela RD. A panel of recombinant proteins for the serodiagnosis of caseous lymphadenitis in goats and sheep. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1313-1323. [PMID: 31287241 PMCID: PMC6801148 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) is a small ruminant disease characterized by the development of granulomatous lesions in superficial and internal lymph nodes, as well as in some organs, and causes significant economic losses worldwide. The aetiological agent of CLA is the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis; however, the commercially available diagnostic tools present problems with regard to specificity, which can lead to false-negative results. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific immunoglobulins in goats and sheep using recombinant C. pseudotuberculosis PLD, CP40, PknG, DtxR and Grx proteins. For validation of the ELISAs, 130 goat serum samples and 160 sheep serum samples were used. The best ELISA for goats was developed using a combination of PLD and CP40 as antigens at a 1:1 ratio, which presented 96.9% sensitivity and 98.4% specificity. The most effective ELISA for sheep presented 91% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity when recombinant PLD alone was used as the antigen. These ELISAs can be used as highly accurate tools in epidemiological surveys and for the serodiagnosis of C. pseudotuberculosis infection in goats and sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Doria Barral
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia MolecularICS‐UFBASalvadorBA40110‐100Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Dan Loureiro
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia MolecularICS‐UFBASalvadorBA40110‐100Brasil
| | - Ana Rita Sokolonski
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia MolecularICS‐UFBASalvadorBA40110‐100Brasil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e MolecularICB‐UFMGBelo HorizonteMG31270‐901Brasil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Infecto‐parasitáriaCDT‐UFPelPelotasRS96010‐900Brasil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia MolecularICS‐UFBASalvadorBA40110‐100Brasil
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31
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Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious and important transboundary disease of cloven-hoofed animals and ruminants. In ruminants, an animal is considered as a foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) carrier if a live FMDV/FMDV RNA is obtained from the oro-pharyngeal fluid (OPF) beyond 28 days after infection. These carrier animals may pose a risk for causing outbreaks in healthy animals. Moreover, it is important to conduct serosurveillance to know the virus circulation. In the present study, an ELISA was developed using field samples to detect FMDV specific secretory IgA antibodies. These samples were also tested for the presence of FMDV RNA using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). It was found that more carrier animals were detected by IgA ELISA in comparison to qRT-PCR. Thus, IgA ELISA is an important tool to detect FMD carriers. An ELISA based on detection of antibodies against FMDV 2B non-structural protein (NSP) was also used to confirm the results obtained from screening of 3AB3 NSP ELISA. These two new approaches (IgA ELISA and 2B ELISA) form important tools for detection of carriers and virus circulation, respectively, during FMD eradication program. Keywords: foot-and-mouth disease virus; carriers; IgA; 2B non-structural protein; 3AB3 non-structural protein.
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32
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Ernstberger M, Oehl H, Haessig M, Hartnack S, Bollwein H. Predicting the probability of conception in dairy cows with clinical endometritis based on a combination of anamnestic information and examination results. Theriogenology 2019; 138:127-136. [PMID: 31326659 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to improve prediction of the probability of conception in dairy cows with clinical endometritis by means of a combination of examination results. For this purpose, a total of 1386 dairy cows were screened for clinical endometritis and data from 286 cows were collected including the calving history, puerperal or concurrent diseases and cow-specific data (breed, parity, BCS at puerperal control 1 (PC 1 = 22-45 days in milk (DIM)), and daily milk yield). The diagnosis of clinical endometritis was made at PC 1 by vaginal discharge scoring with a Metricheck device on a scale from 1 to 3 (endometritis score (ES) 1 to 3). A detailed clinical and gynecological examination including external inspection, transrectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination of the genital tract (cervix, uterus, and ovaries), vaginoscopy and microbiological analysis of the intrauterine content were performed. All cows with clinical endometritis (n = 286) were treated according to the ovarian findings (corpus luteum, dominant follicle) at PC 1. A second puerperal control was performed 21 ± 1 days later. Data was collected until 200 DIM. The risk factors for ES 3 and their effect on the distribution of ES were determined by the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Multivariable implications of a large sum of examination parameters on the pregnancy outcome at different DIM (100, 150 and 200 DIM) were analyzed on the basis of conditional inference trees. The prevalence of clinical endometritis was 28%. The ovarian findings at PC 1 did not have any impact on reproductive performance. Puerperal diseases prior to the study, visible vaginal discharge (VVD) and the presence of Trueperella pyogenes (TP) were associated with an ES 3. The prediction of pregnancy status for all DIM times was dominated significantly by VVD or TP as decisive factors. Cows with VVD or TP had lower conception rates at all DIM times than cows without these findings, but the predictive accuracy was similar for both groups. These results suggest that VVD is a valuable and practical examination parameter, which can be used for pregnancy prediction on farm. Therefore, it might facilitate early breeding decisions in cows with clinical endometritis under farm conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ernstberger
- Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - H Oehl
- Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Haessig
- AgroVet.Strickhof, Eschikon 27, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - S Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Bollwein
- Department for Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Timsit E, Léguillette R, White BJ, Larson RL, Buczinski S. Likelihood ratios: an intuitive tool for incorporating diagnostic test results into decision-making. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 252:1362-1366. [PMID: 29772968 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.11.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Schmidt MJ, Knemeyer C, Heinsen H. Neuroanatomy of the equine brain as revealed by high-field (3Tesla) magnetic-resonance-imaging. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213814. [PMID: 30933986 PMCID: PMC6443180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the morphology of the horse brain (Equus caballus) is decribed in detail using high field MRI. The study includes sagittal, dorsal, and transverse T2-weighted images at 0.25 mm resolution at 3 Tesla and 3D models of the brain presenting the external morphology of the brain. Representative gallocyanin stained histological slides of the same brain are presented. The images represent a useful tool for MR image interpretation in horses and may serve as a starting point for further research aiming at in vivo analysis in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Schmidt
- Small Animal Clinic–Neurosurgery, Neuroradiology and Clinical Neurology, Justus Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Carola Knemeyer
- Small Animal Clinic–Neurosurgery, Neuroradiology and Clinical Neurology, Justus Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Mental Health Center, University Hospital, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Gyles C. Veterinary telemedicine. Can Vet J 2019; 60:119-122. [PMID: 30705446 PMCID: PMC6340261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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36
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Roth IG, Meindl AG, Eckman SL, Franklin AL. Eliciting the Student Perspective on Point-of-Care Diagnostic Testing in Association with a Primary Care Rotation. J Vet Med Educ 2018; 46:225-234. [PMID: 31120411 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0817-102r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The majority of North American veterinary students enter general practice upon graduation. Tertiary teaching hospitals provide extensive case exposure; however, primary case responsibility and decision making are often provided by clinical faculty members. Primary care services at veterinary teaching hospitals are a central component of student preparation for general practice. Primary care cases allow students to function as the primary clinician, making real-time clinical decisions. To better emulate a private practice veterinary hospital, point-of-care diagnostics (hematology, blood chemistry, and blood coagulation) were introduced into two primary care services in North American veterinary colleges. One objective of the study was to determine the influence of point-of-care testing on students' diagnostic selections and attitudes toward point-of-care diagnostics. An additional objective was to determine student perception of the impact of the primary care service on the development of clinical decision making and their technical skills. During the study period, 166 students voluntarily completed a pre-rotation survey, and 81 completed a post-rotation survey. Questions elicited student opinions regarding the value and application of point-of-care diagnostics in a general practice setting and whether a primary care service impacted the students' overall comfort level with case management. Point-of-care diagnostics were recognized as significant assets, with 98% of students agreeing that point-of-care diagnostics improved patient care and outcome. Results supported that primary care services provide valuable experiences for students as primary case clinicians, with 93% of respondents agreeing or strongly agreeing that the rotation improved their diagnostic ability and confidence.
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37
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Milani M. Multigenerational animal-related communication. Can Vet J 2018; 59:1339-1340. [PMID: 30532294 PMCID: PMC6237261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Milani
- Dr. Milani is a behavior and bond practitioner, teacher, and author of several books on the interaction of animal behavior, health, and the human-animal relationship
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38
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Piuzzi NS, Dominici M, Long M, Pascual-Garrido C, Rodeo S, Huard J, Guicheux J, McFarland R, Goodrich LR, Maddens S, Robey PG, Bauer TW, Barrett J, Barry F, Karli D, Chu CR, Weiss DJ, Martin I, Jorgensen C, Muschler GF. Proceedings of the signature series symposium "cellular therapies for orthopaedics and musculoskeletal disease proven and unproven therapies-promise, facts and fantasy," international society for cellular therapies, montreal, canada, may 2, 2018. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1381-1400. [PMID: 30316562 PMCID: PMC8487641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Signature Series Symposium "Cellular Therapies for Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Disease Proven and Unproven Therapies-Promise, Facts and Fantasy" was held as a pre-meeting of the 26th International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) annual congress in Montreal, Canada, May 2, 2018. This was the first ISCT program that was entirely dedicated to the advancement of cell-based therapies for musculoskeletal diseases. Cellular therapies in musculoskeletal medicine are a source of great promise and opportunity. They are also the source of public controversy, confusion and misinformation. Patients, clinicians, scientists, industry and government share a commitment to clear communication and responsible development of the field. Therefore, this symposium convened thought leaders from around the world in a forum designed to catalyze communication and collaboration to bring the greatest possible innovation and value to patients with musculoskeletal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marc Long
- MTF Biologics, Edison, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cecilia Pascual-Garrido
- Adult Reconstruction-Adolescent and Young Adult Hip Service, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott Rodeo
- Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UTHealth Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA; Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Jérome Guicheux
- INSERM, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Nantes University School of Dental Medicine, ONIRIS, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Richard McFarland
- Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute, Manchester, New Hampshire, USA, and Standards Coordinating Body, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Laurie R Goodrich
- Orthopaedic Research Center and Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas W Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Barrett
- Stem Cell Allogeneic Transplant Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - David Karli
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado, USA; Greyledge Technologies, LLC, Vail, Colorado, USA
| | - Constance R Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France
| | - George F Muschler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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39
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Bai DP, Lin XY, Huang YF, Zhang XF. Theranostics Aspects of Various Nanoparticles in Veterinary Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113299. [PMID: 30352960 PMCID: PMC6274759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology shows immense interest in various areas of research and applications, including biotechnology, biomedical sciences, nanomedicine, and veterinary medicine. Studies and application of nanotechnology was explored very extensively in the human medical field and also studies undertaken in rodents extensively, still either studies or applications in veterinary medicine is not up to the level when compared to applications to human beings. The application in veterinary medicine and animal production is still relatively innovative. Recently, in the era of health care technologies, Veterinary Medicine also entered into a new phase and incredible transformations. Nanotechnology has tremendous and potential influence not only the way we live, but also on the way that we practice veterinary medicine and increase the safety of domestic animals, production, and income to the farmers through use of nanomaterials. The current status and advancements of nanotechnology is being used to enhance the animal growth promotion, and production. To achieve these, nanoparticles are used as alternative antimicrobial agents to overcome the usage alarming rate of antibiotics, detection of pathogenic bacteria, and also nanoparticles being used as drug delivery agents as new drug and vaccine candidates with improved characteristics and performance, diagnostic, therapeutic, feed additive, nutrient delivery, biocidal agents, reproductive aids, and finally to increase the quality of food using various kinds of functionalized nanoparticles, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, micellar nanoparticles, and metal nanoparticles. It seems that nanotechnology is ideal for veterinary applications in terms of cost and the availability of resources. The main focus of this review is describes some of the important current and future principal aspects of involvement of nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine. However, we are not intended to cover the entire scenario of Veterinary Medicine, despite this review is to provide a glimpse at potential important targets of nanotechnology in the field of Veterinary Medicine. Considering the strong potential of the interaction between the nanotechnology and Veterinary Medicine, the aim of this review is to provide a concise description of the advances of nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine, in terms of their potential application of various kinds of nanoparticles, secondly we discussed role of nanomaterials in animal health and production, and finally we discussed conclusion and future perspectives of nanotechnology in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Ping Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yi-Fan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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40
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Briones Dieste V, Bezos Garrido J, Álvarez Sánchez J. [Current concepts and contents of Veterinary Public Health and Veterinary Health Polic]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2018; 92:e201810077. [PMID: 30345995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and veterinary medicine obviously share most concepts and contents. However, both academic and scientific issues and the daily practice of many health disciplines can differ largely between human and veterinary medicine. Such differences can easily go unnoticed among other healthcare collectives or the general public. The aim of the present work was to provide an update, as well as some definitions of what we understand under the terms Veterinary Public Health and Veterinary Health Policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Briones Dieste
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET) / Departamento de Sanidad Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España
| | - Javier Bezos Garrido
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET) / Departamento de Sanidad Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España
| | - Julio Álvarez Sánchez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET) / Departamento de Sanidad Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España
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41
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Howson ELA, Soldan A, Webster K, Beer M, Zientara S, Belák S, Sanchez-Vizcaino JM, Van Borm S, King DP, Fowler VL. Technological advances in veterinary diagnostics: opportunities to deploy rapid decentralised tests to detect pathogens affecting livestock. REV SCI TECH OIE 2018; 36:479-498. [PMID: 30152469 DOI: 10.20506/rst.36.2.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable food production capable of feeding a growing human population is a significant global challenge, and is a priority encompassed within the United Nations Millennium Development Goal to 'eradicate extreme poverty and hunger'. Infectious diseases reduce the productivity of farm animals, and the globalised trade of animals and their products increases the threat of disease incursion. Accurate and rapid diagnostic tests are an essential component of contingency plans to detect, control and eradicate such diseases. Diagnosis involves a 'pipeline' that normally starts with clinical suspicion, followed by collecting samples, transporting specimens to a centralised laboratory setting (e.g. national/international Reference Laboratories), analysing these samples using a range of diagnostic tests and reporting the results. However, the transport of specimens from the field to the laboratory can be a lengthy process that can delay critical decision-making and severely affect the quality of the samples. This important limitation of centralised diagnostic testing has motivated the development of tools for the rapid, simple detection of livestock pathogens. Recent advances in the development of technologies for personalised human medicine have motivated the development of prototype diagnostic tests for a wide selection of diseases of livestock. However, many of these tests are not yet routinely used or commercially available. This paper critically reviews the most promising examples of such assays, and highlights the challenges that remain to transition these tests from applied research and development into routine use.
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42
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Davy RB, Hamel PE, Su Y, Berry CR, Conner BJ. Evaluation of Two Training Methods for Teaching the Abdominal Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma Technique (A-FAST) to First- and Second-Year Veterinary Students. J Vet Med Educ 2018; 46:258-263. [PMID: 30285594 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0517-059r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound techniques, including focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examinations, are commonly used in veterinary practice, making inclusion of ultrasound in veterinary curricula increasingly important. The best approach for teaching ultrasound techniques in veterinary medicine has not been evaluated. This study compared the results of two training techniques, live-animal training and online video instruction, on students' performance during abdominal FAST (A-FAST) examinations. Thirty-eight first- and second-year veterinary students were randomly assigned to learn A-FAST via a live-animal laboratory or an instructional video. The live-animal group received one-on-one instruction in A-FAST techniques during a single laboratory. The video group received a link to an instructional video demonstrating A-FAST techniques, allowing unlimited viewing opportunities over a two-week period. Both groups were also provided written instructional information. All participants were assessed on their ability to find and correctly name the four A-FAST quadrants on a live animal. We found a significant difference between the two groups in the students' ability to identify the diaphragmatic-hepatic (DH) view, but for the other three views (hepatorenal, splenorenal, and cystocolic), training method did not affect performance. Results suggest the potential for using a multi-modal instructional approach to teach ultrasound techniques to veterinary students.
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Abstract
With recent outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), anthrax, Nipah and the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, much emphasis has been placed on the rapid identification of infectious agents globally. As a result, laboratories are building capacity, conducting more advanced and sophisticated research, increasing their staff, and establishing reference collections of dangerous pathogens in an attempt to reduce the impact of infectious disease outbreaks and to characterise disease-causing agents. With this expansion, the global laboratory community has started to focus on laboratory biosafety and biosecurity in order to prevent the accidental and/or intentional release of these agents. Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity systems are used around the world to help to mitigate the risks posed by dangerous pathogens in the laboratory. Veterinary laboratories carry unique responsibilities with regard to workers and communities to handle disease-causing microorganisms safely and securely. Many microorganisms studied in veterinary laboratories not only infect animals, but also have the potential to infect humans. This paper will discuss the fundamentals of laboratory biosafety and biosecurity.
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Abstract
Information technologies are rapidly advancing the way in which animal health data and information are collected, analysed and shared in order to support animal health management, disease surveillance and response, and decision-making. However, the full potential of these technologies for early detection and response to natural or intentional disease events has not been fully realised in animal health at the global level. This paper discusses advances made in these technologies and examples of how they have been applied in animal health for near real-time data collection and analysis. The technologies reviewed include: i) mobile health (mHealth) technologies, wireless sensors and biosensors for remote data collection; ii) crowdsourced and Internet-based data collection; and iii) electronic health (eHealth) technologies for data integration and analysis. Experiences of implementing these technologies, and challenges with their use, are also discussed so as to provide recommendations on their future application in animal health. The world is ripe with opportunities to develop and enhance mHealth and eHealth technologies that are cost effective and capable of near real-time data collection and analysis. Such technologies have been shown to be valuable and capable of being implemented in both developing and developed countries, and ultimately will strengthen disease surveillance and reporting across the globe. International mechanisms and data standards are needed to facilitate the sharing and analysis of animal and human health data between countries. Identifying ways in which animal and human health data collection and analysis can be better integrated within a 'One Health' approach will enhance the coordination and capability of disease detection and response at the human-animal interface.
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45
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Milani M. Communication: Too compliant client communication. Can Vet J 2018; 59:1123-1124. [PMID: 30510323 PMCID: PMC6135303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Milani
- Dr. Milani is a behavior and bond practitioner, teacher, and author of several books on the interaction of animal behavior, health, and the human-animal relationship
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46
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Lewis JR, Lewis K. Veterinary Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Receives Well-Deserved Attention. J Vet Dent 2018; 35:166. [PMID: 30168376 DOI: 10.1177/0898756418795908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Milani M. Potentially disabling communication dilemmas. Can Vet J 2018; 59:903-904. [PMID: 30104784 PMCID: PMC6049329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Milani
- Dr. Milani is a behavior and bond practitioner, teacher, and author of several books on the interaction of animal behavior, health, and the human-animal relationship
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Otto SJG, Szkotnicki J, McElwain C, So I, Weese JS, Prescott JF. Building the antimicrobial stewardship leadership plan for animal health in Canada (workshop, Ottawa, October 3-4, 2017). Can Vet J 2018; 59:746-748. [PMID: 30026619 PMCID: PMC6005128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon J G Otto
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Otto, So); Canadian Animal Health Institute, 160 Research Lane, Suite 102, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Szkotnicki, McElwain); Ad Hoc Committee on Antimicrobial Stewardship in Canadian Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (Szkotnicki, McElwain, Prescott); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Weese, Prescott)
| | - Jean Szkotnicki
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Otto, So); Canadian Animal Health Institute, 160 Research Lane, Suite 102, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Szkotnicki, McElwain); Ad Hoc Committee on Antimicrobial Stewardship in Canadian Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (Szkotnicki, McElwain, Prescott); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Weese, Prescott)
| | - Colleen McElwain
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Otto, So); Canadian Animal Health Institute, 160 Research Lane, Suite 102, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Szkotnicki, McElwain); Ad Hoc Committee on Antimicrobial Stewardship in Canadian Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (Szkotnicki, McElwain, Prescott); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Weese, Prescott)
| | - Iyla So
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Otto, So); Canadian Animal Health Institute, 160 Research Lane, Suite 102, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Szkotnicki, McElwain); Ad Hoc Committee on Antimicrobial Stewardship in Canadian Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (Szkotnicki, McElwain, Prescott); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Weese, Prescott)
| | - J Scott Weese
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Otto, So); Canadian Animal Health Institute, 160 Research Lane, Suite 102, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Szkotnicki, McElwain); Ad Hoc Committee on Antimicrobial Stewardship in Canadian Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (Szkotnicki, McElwain, Prescott); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Weese, Prescott)
| | - John F Prescott
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Otto, So); Canadian Animal Health Institute, 160 Research Lane, Suite 102, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Szkotnicki, McElwain); Ad Hoc Committee on Antimicrobial Stewardship in Canadian Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (Szkotnicki, McElwain, Prescott); Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Weese, Prescott)
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McFee RM, Cupp AS, Wood JR. Use of case-based or hands-on laboratory exercises with physiology lectures improves knowledge retention, but veterinary medicine students prefer case-based activities. Adv Physiol Educ 2018; 42:182-191. [PMID: 29616580 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00084.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Didactic lectures are prevalent in physiology courses within veterinary medicine programs, but more active learning methods have also been utilized. Our goal was to identify the most appropriate learning method to augment the lecture component of our physiology course. We hypothesized that case-based learning would be well received by students and would be more effective at helping them learn physiological concepts compared with more traditional laboratory exercises. In this study, approximately one-half of the laboratory sessions for the two-semester course were dedicated to traditional hands-on laboratory exercises, whereas the remaining one-half of the sessions were dedicated to case-based exercises. The lecture portion of the course was not altered. Student attitudes were evaluated after each session and at the end of each semester via quantitative and qualitative survey questions. Student performance was evaluated using section exams and end-of-semester posttests. The vast majority of survey responses received were positive for both cased-based activities and traditional hands-on laboratories. In addition, participation in both types of active learning activities, but not lecture, was associated with retention of conceptual knowledge based on student performance between the section exams and posttests ( P < 0.002). These results indicate that both case-based learning and laboratory exercises are beneficial learning activities to incorporate into a lecture-based physiology course. However, positive survey responses were significantly greater following case-based activities vs. traditional hands-on laboratories, and only participation in case-based activities resulted in greater student performance on the posttest ( P < 0.04). Therefore, case-based activities may be the preferred supplemental learning activity for veterinary medical physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M McFee
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Andrea S Cupp
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Jennifer R Wood
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
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50
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Baker T, Flaig J, Shillingford M, Swain L, Wagner M. Ice road vets: Perspectives on the role of veterinarians in northern community health. Can Vet J 2018; 59:668-672. [PMID: 29910484 PMCID: PMC5949947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We reflect on our experiences providing veterinary services in 5 remote communities of the Sahtu Settlement Area in the Northwest Territories in February 2017. The evolving role of dogs and the social determinants of health that influence dog health in the communities are explored, including biology, physical environment, behavior, dog and human social factors, and access to veterinary care. The importance of continued exposure of veterinary professionals to different cultural perspectives in order to provide services that are culturally appropriate and effective is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Baker
- University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6
| | - Jennifer Flaig
- University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6
| | - Meryam Shillingford
- University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6
| | - Lana Swain
- University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6
| | - Marika Wagner
- University of Calgary Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6
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