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Jinsheng L, Qing D, Junhao C, Qiqi S, Jieru C, Liwen Y, Zhiyun G, Tailin G, Jie W. Micro/nano topological modification of TiO 2 nanotubes activates Thy-1 signaling to control osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. SLAS Discov 2024; 29:100139. [PMID: 38169172 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Micro/nano topological modification is critical for improving the in vivo behaviors of bone implants, regulating multiple cellular functions. Titania (TiO2) nanotubes show the capacity of promoting osteoblast-related cell differentiation and induce effective osseointegration, serving as a model material for studying the effects of micro/nano-topological modifications on cells. However, the intracellular signaling pathways by which TiO2 nanotubes regulate the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells are not fully defined. Thy-1 (CD90), a cell surface glycoprotein anchored by glycosylphosphatidylinositol, has been considered a key molecule in osteoblast differentiation in recent years. Nevertheless, whether the micro/nano topology of the implant surface leads to changes in Thy-1 is unknown, as well as whether these changes promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Here, TiO2 nanotubes of various diameters were prepared by adjusting the anodizing voltage. qPCR and immunoblot were carried out to assess the mechanism by which TiO2 nanotubes regulate Thy-1. The results revealed Ti plates harboring TiO2 nanotubes ∼100-nm diameter (TNT-100) markedly upregulated Thy-1. Subsequently, upregulated Thy-1 promoted the activation of Fyn/RhoA/MLC Ⅱ/F-actin axis, which enhanced the nuclear translocation of YAP. After Thy-1 knockdown by siRNA, the Fyn/RhoA/MLC Ⅱ/F-actin axis was significantly inhibited and TiO2 nanotubes showed decreased effects on osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, Thy-1 upregulation might be a major mechanism by which micro/nano-topological modification of TiO2 nanotubes promotes osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of TiO2 nanotubes, which may help design improved bone implants for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jinsheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Deng Qing
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Junhao
- School of Finance and Economics, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang 712082, PR China
| | - Si Qiqi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Chen Jieru
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yang Liwen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Guo Zhiyun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Guo Tailin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
| | - Weng Jie
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
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Liu G, Zhu G, Wu X, Tang Z, Shao W, Wang M, Xia H, Sun Q, Yan M. Thy-1 knockdown promotes the osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3805-3815. [PMID: 37786319 PMCID: PMC10718136 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are newly developed seed cells for tissue engineering owing to their easy isolation, abundance and high growth rates. Thy-1 is an important regulatory molecule in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we investigated the function of Thy-1 in the osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs by reducing the expression of Thy-1 using a lentivirus. The results demonstrated that Thy-1 knockdown promoted the osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs in vitro. Validation by RNA-seq revealed an obvious decrease in Vcam1 and Sox9 gene expression with Thy-1 knockdown. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis suggested that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in the Wnt signalling pathway. We further demonstrated that Thy-1 knockdown promoted osteogenic differentiation of GMSCs by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Therefore, Thy-1 has a key regulatory role in the differentiation of GMSCs and maybe a core molecule connecting transcription factors related to the differentiation of MSCs. Our study also highlighted the potential of Thy-1 to modify MSCs, which may help improve their use in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guixin Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital and School of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital and School of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Quan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
- Center for Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry, Optics Valley Branch, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingdong Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of StomatologyFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouPeople's Republic of China
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Yuan YS, Yu F, Niu SP, Lu H, Kou YH, Xu HL. Combining CUBIC Optical Clearing and Thy1-YFP-16 Mice to Observe Morphological Axon Changes During Wallerian Degeneration. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:944-952. [PMID: 34693494 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wallerian degeneration is a pathological process closely related to peripheral nerve regeneration following injury, and includes the disintegration and phagocytosis of peripheral nervous system cells. Traditionally, morphological changes are observed by performing immunofluorescence staining after sectioning, which results in the loss of some histological information. The purpose of this study was to explore a new, nondestructive, and systematic method for observing axonal histological changes during Wallerian degeneration. METHODS Thirty male Thy1-YFP-16 mice (SPF grade, 6 weeks old, 20±5 g) were randomly selected and divided into clear, unobstructed brain imaging cocktails and computational analysis (CUBIC) optical clearing (n=15) and traditional method groups (n=15). Five mice in each group were sacrificed at 1st, 3rd, and 5th day following a crush operation. The histological axon changes were observed by CUBIC light optical clearing treatment, direct tissue section imaging, and HE staining. RESULTS The results revealed that, compared with traditional imaging methods, there was no physical damage to the samples, which allowed for three-dimensional and deep-seated tissue imaging through CUBIC. Local image information could be nicely obtained by direct fluorescence imaging and HE staining, but it was difficult to obtain image information of the entire sample. At the same time, the image information obtained by fluorescence imaging and HE staining was partially lost. CONCLUSION The combining of CUBIC and Thy1-YFP transgenic mice allowed for a clear and comprehensive observation of histological changes of axons in Wallerian degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Song Yuan
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Su-Ping Niu
- Office of Academic Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
- Diabetic Foot Treatment Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu-Hui Kou
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Hai-Lin Xu
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Diabetic Foot Treatment Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Busada JT, Peterson KN, Khadka S, Xu X, Oakley RH, Cook DN, Cidlowski JA. Glucocorticoids and Androgens Protect From Gastric Metaplasia by Suppressing Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Activation. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:637-652.e4. [PMID: 33971182 PMCID: PMC8328958 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The immune compartment is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis. A weak immune response increases susceptibility to infection, but immune hyperactivation causes tissue damage, and chronic inflammation may lead to cancer development. In the stomach, inflammation damages the gastric glands and drives the development of potentially preneoplastic metaplasia. Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory steroid hormones that are required to suppress gastric inflammation and metaplasia. However, these hormones function differently in males and females. Here, we investigate the impact of sex on the regulation of gastric inflammation. METHODS Endogenous glucocorticoids and male sex hormones were removed from mice using adrenalectomy and castration, respectively. Mice were treated with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to test the effects of androgens on regulating gastric inflammation. Single-cell RNA sequencing of gastric leukocytes was used to identify the leukocyte populations that were the direct targets of androgen signaling. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were depleted by treatment with CD90.2 antibodies. RESULTS We show that adrenalectomized female mice develop spontaneous gastric inflammation and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) but that the stomachs of adrenalectomized male mice remain quantitatively normal. Simultaneous depletion of glucocorticoids and sex hormones abolished the male-protective effects and triggered spontaneous pathogenic gastric inflammation and SPEM. Treatment of female mice with DHT prevented gastric inflammation and SPEM development when administered concurrent with adrenalectomy and also reversed the pathology when administered after disease onset. Single-cell RNAseq of gastric leukocytes revealed that ILC2s expressed abundant levels of both the glucocorticoid receptor (Gr) and androgen receptor (Ar). We demonstrated that DHT treatment potently suppressed the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines Il13 and Csf2 by ILC2s. Moreover, ILC2 depletion protected the stomach from SPEM development. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report a novel mechanism by which glucocorticoids and androgens exert overlapping effects to regulate gastric inflammation. Androgen signaling within ILC2s prevents their pathogenic activation by suppressing the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines. This work revealed a critical role for sex hormones in regulating gastric inflammation and metaplasia.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenalectomy
- Androgens/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Cellular Microenvironment
- Dihydrotestosterone/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility
- Female
- Gastric Mucosa/drug effects
- Gastric Mucosa/immunology
- Gastric Mucosa/metabolism
- Gastric Mucosa/pathology
- Gastritis, Atrophic/immunology
- Gastritis, Atrophic/metabolism
- Gastritis, Atrophic/pathology
- Gastritis, Atrophic/prevention & control
- Glucocorticoids/metabolism
- Gonadal Steroid Hormones/metabolism
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Interleukin-13/genetics
- Interleukin-13/metabolism
- Interleukin-33/genetics
- Interleukin-33/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Metaplasia
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Orchiectomy
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Sex Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Thy-1 Antigens/genetics
- Thy-1 Antigens/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Busada
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, North Carolina; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.
| | - Kylie N Peterson
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, North Carolina
| | - Stuti Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Xiaojiang Xu
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, North Carolina
| | - Robert H Oakley
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, North Carolina
| | - Donald N Cook
- Immunogenetics Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Signal Transduction Laboratory, North Carolina.
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Ibrahim AGE, Li C, Ciullo A, Jones-Ungerleider KC, Peck K, Marbán L, Marbán E. Small molecule inhibitors and culture conditions enhance therapeutic cell and EV potency via activation of beta-catenin and suppression of THY1. Nanomedicine 2021; 33:102347. [PMID: 33321216 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary cell therapy continues to face significant hurdles to therapeutic translation including the inherent variations that exist from donor to donor, batch to batch, and scale-up driven modifications to the manufacturing process. Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are stromal/progenitor cells with clinically demonstrated tissue reparative capabilities. Mechanistic investigations have identified canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a therapeutic potency marker, and THY1 (CD90) expression as inversely correlated with potency. Here we demonstrate that the cardiosphere formation process increases β-catenin levels and enriches for therapeutic miR content in the extracellular vesicles of these cells, namely miR-146a and miR-22. We further find that loss of potency is correlated with impaired cardiosphere formation. Finally, our data show that small GSK3β inhibitors including CHIR, and BIO and "pro-canonical Wnt" culturing conditions can rescue β-catenin signaling and reduce CD90 expression. These findings identify strategies that could be used to maintain CDC potency and therapeutic consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chang Li
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alessandra Ciullo
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kiel Peck
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Marbán
- Capricor Therapeutics, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Marcoccia R, Nesci S, Merlo B, Ballotta G, Algieri C, Pagliarani A, Iacono E. Biological characteristics and metabolic profile of canine mesenchymal stem cells isolated from adipose tissue and umbilical cord matrix. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247567. [PMID: 33661930 PMCID: PMC7932077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing demand of cellular therapies for dogs, little is known on the differences between adult and fetal adnexa canine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and data on their metabolic features are lacking. The present study aimed at comparing the characteristics of canine adipose tissue (AT) and umbilical cord matrix (UC) MSCs. Moreover, for the first time in the dog, the cellular bioenergetics were investigated by evaluating the two main metabolic pathways (oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis) of ATP production. Frozen-thawed samples were used for this study. No differences in mean cell proliferation were found (P>0.05). However, while AT-MSCs showed a progressive increase in doubling time over passages, UC-MSCs showed an initial post freezing-thawing latency. No differences in migration, spheroid formation ability, and differentiation potential were found (P>0.05). RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of CD90 and CD44, the lack of CD14 and weak expression of CD34, mostly by AT-MSCs. DLA-DRA1 and DLA-DQA1 were weakly expressed only at passage 0 by UC-MSCs, while they were expressed at different passages for AT-MSCs. There was no difference (P>0.05) in total ATP production between cell cultures, but the ratio between the “mitochondrial ATP Production Rate” and the “glycolytic ATP Production Rate” was higher (P<0.05) in AT- than in UC-MSCs. However, in both MSCs types the mitochondrial respiration was the main pathway of ATP production. Mitochondrial respiration and ATP turnover in UC-MSCs were higher (P<0.05) than in AT-MSCs, but both had a 100% coupling efficiency. These features and the possibility of increasing the oxygen consumption by a spare respiratory capacity of four (AT-MSCSs) and two (UC-MSCs) order of magnitude greater than basal respiration, can be taken as indicative of the cell propensity to differentiate. The findings may efficiently contribute to select the most appropriate MSCs, culture and experimental conditions for transplantation experiments in mesenchymal stem cell therapy for companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Marcoccia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Merlo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giulia Ballotta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Luong AB, Do HQ, Tarchi P, Bonazza D, Bottin C, Cabral LKD, Tran LDC, Doan TPT, Crocè LS, Pham HLT, Tiribelli C, Sukowati CHC. The mRNA Distribution of Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD90/Thy-1 Is Comparable in Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Eastern and Western Populations. Cells 2020; 9:E2672. [PMID: 33322687 PMCID: PMC7764111 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showed a correlation between incidence and geographical-relevant risk factors. This study aims to compare the distributions of cancer stem cells (CSC) in two distant populations in Asia and Europe. We analyzed 52 and 43 selected HCC patients undergoing hepatectomy in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) and Trieste (Italy). Each patient sample consisted of HCC, peri-HCC, and non-tumoral (distal) tissue. Demographic data were recorded together with clinical findings. The protocol for the collection of tissue samples and RNA was standardized in both laboratories and gene expression analysis was performed in a single laboratory with identical PCR conditions. Baseline data showed comparable laboratory findings between the two cohorts. mRNA distribution showed a comparable pattern of all CSC markers analyzed with the expression of CD90 progressively increasing from distal and peri-HCC to be highest in HCC (p < 0.001), confirmed by immunofluorescence data. CD90 mRNA distribution was related to HBV-related HCC and a tumor diameter less than 5 cm. Patients with high tumoral CD90 mRNA had a shorter time (p < 0.05) to tumor recurrence compared to patients with lower CD90. This comparative study showed that CD90 mRNA expressions are comparable between Eastern and Western HCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- An B. Luong
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, AREA Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.L.); (H.Q.D.); (L.K.D.C.); (L.S.C.); (C.T.)
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Huy Q. Do
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, AREA Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.L.); (H.Q.D.); (L.K.D.C.); (L.S.C.); (C.T.)
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, VNUHCM-University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Paola Tarchi
- Clinical Surgery Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliana Isontina (ASUGI), 34148 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliana Isontina (ASUGI), 34148 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Cristina Bottin
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Loraine Kay D. Cabral
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, AREA Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.L.); (H.Q.D.); (L.K.D.C.); (L.S.C.); (C.T.)
- Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Long D. C. Tran
- University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (L.D.C.T.); (H.L.T.P.)
| | - Thao P. T. Doan
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Lory S. Crocè
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, AREA Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.L.); (H.Q.D.); (L.K.D.C.); (L.S.C.); (C.T.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Hoa L. T. Pham
- University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (L.D.C.T.); (H.L.T.P.)
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, AREA Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.L.); (H.Q.D.); (L.K.D.C.); (L.S.C.); (C.T.)
| | - Caecilia H. C. Sukowati
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, AREA Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.L.); (H.Q.D.); (L.K.D.C.); (L.S.C.); (C.T.)
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Chen L, Yang Y, Peng X, Yan H, Zhang X, Yin L, Yu H. Transcription factor YY1 inhibits the expression of THY1 to promote interstitial pulmonary fibrosis by activating the HSF1/miR-214 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8339-8351. [PMID: 32396525 PMCID: PMC7244040 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease of diverse etiology manifesting with proliferation of lung fibroblasts and accumulation of extracellular matrix deposition in pulmonary interstitium. Recent studies show aberrant expression of mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in human embryonic pulmonary fibroblasts (HEPFs). In this study, we investigated effects of the YY1/HSF1/miR-214/THY1 axis on the functions of HEPFs and IPF. Loss- and gain-of-function tests were conducted to identify roles of YY1, HSF1, miR-214, and THY1 in IPF. As determined by RT-qPCR or western blot assay, silencing YY1 down-regulated HSF1 expression and attenuated the expression of pro-proliferative and fibrosis markers in HEPFs. Meanwhile, viability of HEPFs was impeded by YY1 knockdown. The binding relationship between miR-214 and THY1 was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. In HEPFs, down-regulation of HSF1 reduced miR-214 expression to repress proliferation and fibrogenic transformation of HEPFs, while inhibition of miR-214 expression could restrain the fibrogenic transformation property of HEPFs by up-regulating THY1. Subsequently, IPF model in mice was induced by bleomycin treatment. These animal experiments validated the protective effects of YY1 knockdown against IPF-induced lung pathological manifestations, which could be reversed by THY1 knockdown. Our study demonstrates the important involvement of YY1/HSF1/miR-214/THY1 axis in the development of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P.R. China
| | - Xiaying Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P.R. China
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9
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Kamm JL, Parlane NA, Riley CB, Gee EK, Dittmer KE, McIlwraith CW. Blood type and breed-associated differences in cell marker expression on equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells including major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225161. [PMID: 31747418 PMCID: PMC6867698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the search for an immune privileged allogeneic donor mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line continues in equine medicine, the characterization of the cells between different sources becomes important. Our research seeks to more clearly define the MSC marker expression of different equine MSC donors. METHODS The bone marrow-derived MSCs from two equine breeds and different blood donor-types were compared over successive culture passages to determine the differential expression of important antigens. Eighteen Thoroughbreds and 18 Standardbreds, including 8 blood donor (erythrocyte Aa, Ca, and Qa antigen negative) horses, were evaluated. Bone marrow was taken from each horse for isolation and culture of MSCs. Samples from passages 2, 4, 6, and 8 were labelled and evaluated by flow cytometry. The cell surface expression of CD11a/18, CD44, CD90 and MHC class II antigens were assessed. Trilineage assays for differentiation into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lines were performed to verify characterization of the cells as MSCs. FINDINGS There were significant differences in mesenchymal stem cell marker expression between breeds and blood antigen-type groups over time. Standardbred horses showed a significantly lower expression of MHC class II than did Thoroughbred horses at passages 2, 4 and 6. CD90 was significantly higher in universal blood donor Standardbreds as compared to non-blood donor Standardbreds over all time points. All MSC samples showed high expression of CD44 and low expression of CD11a/18. CONCLUSIONS Universal blood donor- type Standardbred MSCs from passages 2-4 show the most ideal antigen expression pattern of the horses and passages that we characterized for use as a single treatment of donor bone marrow-derived MSCs. Further work is needed to determine the significance of this differential expression along with the effect of the expression of MHC I on equine bone marrow-derived MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lacy Kamm
- Massey University, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Veterinary Associates, Karaka, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Natalie A. Parlane
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Christopher B. Riley
- Massey University, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Erica K. Gee
- Massey University, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Keren E. Dittmer
- Massey University, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - C. Wayne McIlwraith
- Massey University, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Colorado State University, Orthopaedic Research Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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10
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Arakawa Y, Yokoyama K, Tasaki S, Kato J, Nakashima K, Takeyama M, Nakatani A, Suzuki M. Transgenic mice overexpressing miR-137 in the brain show schizophrenia-associated behavioral deficits and transcriptome profiles. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220389. [PMID: 31361772 PMCID: PMC6667145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder characterized by positive and negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. The exact cause of schizophrenia is still unknown, but substantial evidence indicates that it has a genetic component. Genome wide association studies demonstrate variants within miR-137 host gene are a risk factor for schizophrenia. However, the direct relationship between the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the dosage of miR-137 remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing miR-137 (miR-137 Tg mice) with the neuron-specific Thy-1 promoter and examined schizophrenia-related phenotypes in these mice. Overexpression of miR-137 was observed in various brain regions of the miR-137 Tg mice, with down-regulation of putative miR-137 targets. MiR-137 Tg mice showed sensory gating deficits in a prepulse inhibition test, social deficits in a sociability and social novelty test, and cognitive deficits in a novel object recognition test. Interestingly, the predicted-altered pathways of the medial prefrontal cortex of miR-137 Tg mice were partially overlapped with those of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in postmortem brain of patients who died in equal to or less than 4 years after initial diagnosis of schizophrenia in published data. These results suggest that overexpression of miR-137 in the whole brain induces the several phenotypes that are relevant to aspects of psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Based on these findings, miR-137 Tg mice may have the potential to become a useful tool in researching the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuichi Arakawa
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Tasaki
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junichi Kato
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nakashima
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Takeyama
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakatani
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motohisa Suzuki
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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11
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Wasnik S, Lakhan R, Baylink DJ, Rundle CH, Xu Y, Zhang J, Qin X, Lau KHW, Carreon EE, Tang X. Cyclooxygenase 2 augments osteoblastic but suppresses chondrocytic differentiation of CD90 + skeletal stem cells in fracture sites. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw2108. [PMID: 31392271 PMCID: PMC6669009 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is essential for normal tissue repair. Although COX-2 is known to enhance the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), how COX-2 regulates MSC differentiation into different tissue-specific progenitors to promote tissue repair remains unknown. Because it has been shown that COX-2 is critical for normal bone repair and local COX-2 overexpression in fracture sites accelerates fracture repair, this study aimed to determine the MSC subsets that are targeted by COX-2. We showed that CD90+ mouse skeletal stem cells (mSSCs; i.e., CD45-Tie2-AlphaV+ MSCs) were selectively recruited by macrophage/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 into fracture sites following local COX-2 overexpression. In addition, local COX-2 overexpression augmented osteoblast differentiation and suppressed chondrocyte differentiation in CD90+ mSSCs, which depended on canonical WNT signaling. CD90 depletion data demonstrated that local COX-2 overexpression targeted CD90+ mSSCs to accelerate fracture repair. In conclusion, CD90+ mSSCs are promising targets for the acceleration of bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Wasnik
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ram Lakhan
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - David J. Baylink
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Charles H. Rundle
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Xuezhong Qin
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Kin-Hing William Lau
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Edmundo E. Carreon
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Liu S, Yang R, Yin N, Wang YL, Faiola F. Environmental and human relevant PFOS and PFOA doses alter human mesenchymal stem cell self-renewal, adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 169:564-572. [PMID: 30476818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PFOS and PFOA are two of the most abundant perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the environment. Previous studies have reported they have a long half-life (up to five years) once they enter into the human body. Moreover, they can potentially promote the adipogenic process by activating PPARγ. However, little is known about PFOS and PFOA chronic health impacts on humans. In this study, we employed primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and demonstrated that PFOS and PFOA exerted acute cytotoxicity and affected adipogenesis and osteogenesis at environmental and human relevant doses. In fact, PFOS and PFOA impaired the proper expression of CD90 (a surface antigen highly enriched in undifferentiated hMSCs) and promoted adipogenesis, presumably via their interaction with PPARγ. Moreover, PFOA partly disturbed osteogenesis. Thus, our findings not only validated the health risks of PFOS and PFOA, but also revealed new potential long-term PFOS/PFOA impacts on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan-Liang Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Section of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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13
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Flores EM, Woeller CF, Falsetta ML, Susiarjo M, Phipps RP. Thy1 (CD90) expression is regulated by DNA methylation during adipogenesis. FASEB J 2019; 33:3353-3363. [PMID: 30376360 PMCID: PMC6404567 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801481r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic is developing into the most costly health problem facing the world. Obesity, characterized by excessive adipogenesis and enlarged adipocytes, promotes morbidities, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Regulation of adipogenesis is critical to our understanding of how fat cell formation causes obesity and associated health problems. Thy1 (also called CD90), a widely used stem cell marker, blocks adipogenesis and reduces lipid accumulation. Thy1-knockout mice are prone to diet-induced obesity. Although the importance of Thy1 in adipogenesis and obesity is now evident, how its expression is regulated is not. We hypothesized that DNA methylation has a role in promoting adipogenesis and affects Thy1 expression. Using the methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), we investigated whether DNA methylation alters Thy1 expression during adipogenesis in both mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mouse mesenchymal stem cells. Thy1 protein and mRNA levels were decreased dramatically during adipogenesis. However, 5-aza-dC treatment prevented that phenomenon. Methylation-sensitive pyrosequencing analysis showed that CpG sites at the Thy1 locus have increased methylation during adipogenesis, as well as increased methylation in adipose tissue from diet-induced obese mice. These new findings highlight the potential role of Thy1 and DNA methylation in adipogenesis and obesity.-Flores, E. M., Woeller, C. F., Falsetta, M. L., Susiarjo, M., Phipps, R. P. Thy1 (CD90) expression is regulated by DNA methylation during adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E’Lissa M. Flores
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Collynn F. Woeller
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA; and
| | - Megan L. Falsetta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA; and
| | - Martha Susiarjo
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA; and
| | - Richard P. Phipps
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA; and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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14
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Bermúdez ML, Skelton MR, Genter MB. Intranasal carnosine attenuates transcriptomic alterations and improves mitochondrial function in the Thy1-aSyn mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 125:305-313. [PMID: 30146452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). This study was designed to determine whether the dipeptide carnosine, which has been shown to protect against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, would provide a beneficial effect on mitochondrial function in the Thy1-aSyn mouse model of PD. Thy1-aSyn mice, which overexpress wild-type human alpha-synuclein (aSyn), exhibit progressive non-motor and motor deficits as early as 2 months of age. Two-month old Thy1-aSyn mice and wild-type littermates were randomly assigned to treatment groups with intranasal (IN) and drinking water carnosine, with controls receiving 10 μl of sterile waster intranasally or carnosine-free drinking water, respectively. After two months of treatment, mice were euthanized, and the midbrain was dissected for the evaluation of the gene expression and mitochondrial function. Transcriptional deficiencies associated with the aSyn overexpression in Thy1-aSyn mice were related to ribosomal and mitochondrial function. These deficiencies were attenuated by IN carnosine administration, which increased the expression of mitochondrial genes and enhanced mitochondrial function. These results suggest a potential neuroprotective role for IN-carnosine in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Bermúdez
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, ML 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, United States of America.
| | - Matthew R Skelton
- Department of Pediatrics, UC COM, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7044, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States of America
| | - Mary Beth Genter
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, ML 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, United States of America.
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15
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Madan S, Kron B, Jin Z, Al Shamy G, Campeau PM, Sun Q, Chen S, Cherian L, Chen Y, Munivez E, Jiang MM, Robertson C, Goodman C, Ratan RR, Lee B. Arginase overexpression in neurons and its effect on traumatic brain injury. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 125:112-117. [PMID: 30055993 PMCID: PMC6175653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid which serves as a substrate for nitric oxide (NO) production by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and a precursor for various metabolites including ornithine, creatine, polyamines, and agmatine. Arginase competes with nitric oxide synthase for substrate arginine to produce orthinine and urea. There is contradictory evidence in the literature on the role of nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). These contradictory perspectives are likely due to different NOS isoforms - endothelial (eNOS), inducible (iNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) which are expressed in the central nervous system. Of these, the role of nNOS in acute injury remains less clear. This study aimed to employ a genetic approach by overexpressing arginase isoforms specifically in neurons using a Thy-1 promoter to manipulate cell autonomous NO production in the context of TBI. The hypothesis was that increased arginase would divert arginine from pathological NO production. We generated 2 mouse lines that overexpress arginase I (a cytoplasmic enzyme) or arginase II (a mitochondrial enzyme) in neurons of FVB mice. We found that two-weeks after induction of controlled cortical injury, overexpressing arginase I but not arginase II in neurons significantly reduced contusion size and contusion index compared to wild-type (WT) mice. This study establishes enhanced neuronal arginase levels as a strategy to affect the course of TBI and provides support for the potential role of neuronal NO production in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Madan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bettina Kron
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zixue Jin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Al Shamy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leela Cherian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Robertson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clay Goodman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- Department of Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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16
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Lobba ARM, Carreira ACO, Cerqueira OLD, Fujita A, DeOcesano-Pereira C, Osorio CAB, Soares FA, Rameshwar P, Sogayar MC. High CD90 (THY-1) expression positively correlates with cell transformation and worse prognosis in basal-like breast cancer tumors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199254. [PMID: 29949609 PMCID: PMC6021101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, with the basal-like triple negative (TNBC) being the most agressive one, displaying the poorest prognosis within the ductal carcinoma subtype. Due to the lack of adequate molecular targets, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with the TNBC phenotype has been a great challenge. In a previous work, we identified CD90/Thy-1 as being highly expressed in the aggressive high malignancy grade Hs578T basal-like breast tumor cell line, pointing to this molecule as a promising breast tumor marker, which should be further investigated. Here, CD90 expression was analyzed in human breast cancer samples and its functional role was investigated to better assess the oncogenic nature of CD90 in mammary cells. Quantification of CD90 expression in human breast cancer samples, by tissue microarray, showed that high CD90 positivity correlates with metastasis and poor patient survival in the basal-like subtype. The functional genetic approach, by overexpression in the CD90 cDNA in a basal-like normal mammary cell line (MCF10A) and knockdown in a highly malignant cell line (Hs578T), allowed us to demonstrate that CD90 is involved with several cellular processes that lead to malignant transformation, such as: morphological change, increased cell proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis and activation of the EGFR pathway. Therefore, our results reveal that CD90 is involved with malignant transformation in breast cancer cell lines and is correlated with metastasis and poor patient survival in the basal-like subtype, being considered as a promising new breast cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ramos Maia Lobba
- NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otto Luiz Dutra Cerqueira
- NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Fujita
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos DeOcesano-Pereira
- NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mari Cleide Sogayar
- NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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17
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Sobral-Filho RG, DeVorkin L, Macpherson S, Jirasek A, Lum JJ, Brolo AG. Ex Vivo Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells from Whole Blood by Direct Nanoparticle Visualization. ACS Nano 2018; 12:1902-1909. [PMID: 29401387 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples can predict prognosis, response to systemic chemotherapy, and metastatic spread of carcinoma. Therefore, approaches for CTC identification is an important aspect of current cancer research. Here, a method for the direct visualization of nanoparticle-coated CTCs under dark field illumination is presented. A metastatic breast cancer cell line (4T1) was transduced with a non-native target protein (Thy1.1). Positive 4T1-Thy1.1 cells incubated with antibody-coated metallic nanoshells appeared overly bright at low magnification, allowing a quick screening of samples and easy visual detection of even single isolated CTCs. The use of a nontransduced cell line as control creates the ideal scenario to evaluate nonspecific binding. A murine metastatic tumor model with the 4T1-Thy1.1 cell line was also implemented. Blood was drawn from mice over the course of one month, and CTCs were successfully detected in all positive subjects. This work validates the use of metallic nanoshells as labels for direct visualization of CTCs while providing guidelines to a systematic development of nanotechnology-based detection systems for CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regivaldo G Sobral-Filho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria , 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Lindsay DeVorkin
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency-Vancouver Island Centre , 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Sarah Macpherson
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency-Vancouver Island Centre , 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Andrew Jirasek
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, Physics and Computer Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan , 3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Julian J Lum
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency-Vancouver Island Centre , 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC V8R 6V5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria , 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Alexandre G Brolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria , 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
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18
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An Z, Sabalic M, Bloomquist RF, Fowler TE, Streelman T, Sharpe PT. A quiescent cell population replenishes mesenchymal stem cells to drive accelerated growth in mouse incisors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:378. [PMID: 29371677 PMCID: PMC5785476 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extent to which heterogeneity within mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) populations is related to function is not understood. Using the archetypal MSC in vitro surface marker, CD90/Thy1, here we show that 30% of the MSCs in the continuously growing mouse incisor express CD90/Thy1 and these cells give rise to 30% of the differentiated cell progeny during postnatal development. In adulthood, when growth rate homeostasis is established, the CD90/Thy1+ MSCs decrease dramatically in number. When adult incisors are cut, the growth rate increases to rapidly re-establish tooth length and homeostasis. This accelerated growth rate correlates with the re-appearance of CD90/Thy+ MSCs and re-establishment of their contribution to cell differentiation. A population of Celsr1+ quiescent cells becomes mitotic following clipping and replenishes the CD90/Thy1 population. A sub-population of MSCs thus exists in the mouse incisor, distinguished by expression of CD90/Thy1 that plays a specific role only during periods of increased growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen An
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maja Sabalic
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ryan F Bloomquist
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Teresa E Fowler
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Todd Streelman
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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19
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Abstract
Analysis of how retinal ganglion cells change in retinal degeneration is critical for evaluating the potential of photoreceptor restorative therapies. Immunocytochemistry in combination with image analysis provides a way for quantifying not only the density of ganglion cells during disease, but also information about their morphology and an evaluation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Here, we describe how indirect immunofluorescence can be used in retinal whole mounts to obtain information about ganglion cells in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ursula Greferath
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susmita Saha
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily E Anderson
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirstan A Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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20
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Bemis JC, Avlasevich SL, Labash C, McKinzie P, Revollo J, Dobrovolsky VN, Dertinger SD. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored protein deficiency serves as a reliable reporter of Pig-a gene Mutation: Support from an in vitro assay based on L5178Y/Tk +/- cells and the CD90.2 antigen. Environ Mol Mutagen 2018; 59:18-29. [PMID: 29115020 PMCID: PMC5771857 DOI: 10.1002/em.22154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lack of cell surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein(s) has been used as a reporter of Pig-a gene mutation in several model systems. As an extension of this work, our laboratory initiated development of an in vitro mutation assay based on the flow cytometric assessment of CD90.2 expression on the cell surface of the mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y/Tk+/- . Cells were exposed to mutagenic and nonmutagenic compounds for 24 hr followed by washout and incubation for an additional 7 days. Following this mutant manifestation time, cells were labeled with fluorescent antibodies against CD90.2 and CD45 antigens. These reagents indicated the presence of GPI-anchored proteins and general cell surface membrane receptor integrity, respectively. Instrument set-up was aided by parallel processing of a GPI anchor-deficient subclone. Results show that the mutagens reproducibly caused increased frequencies of mutant phenotype cells, while the nonmutagens did not. Further modifications to the method, including application of a viability dye and an isotype control for instrument set-up, were investigated. As a means to verify that the GPI-anchored protein-negative phenotype reflects bona fide Pig-a gene mutation, sequencing was performed on 38 CD90.2-negative L5178Y/Tk+/- clones derived from cultures treated with ethyl methanesulfonate. All clones were found to have mutation(s) within the Pig-a gene. The continued investigation of L5178Y/Tk+/- cells, CD90.2 labeling, and flow cytometric analysis as the basis of an in vitro mutation assay is clearly supported by this work. These data also provide evidence of the reliability of using GPI anchor-deficiency as a valid reporter of Pig-a gene mutation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:18-29, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Page McKinzie
- US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Javier Revollo
- US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Vasily N Dobrovolsky
- US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas
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21
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Dobbins DL, Klorig DC, Smith T, Godwin DW. Expression of channelrhodopsin-2 localized within the deep CA1 hippocampal sublayer in the Thy1 line 18 mouse. Brain Res 2017; 1679:179-184. [PMID: 29191773 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetic proteins are powerful tools for advancing our understanding of neural circuitry. However, the precision of optogenetics is dependent in part on the extent to which expression is limited to cells of interest. The Thy1-ChR2 transgenic mouse is commonly used in optogenetic experiments. Although general expression patterns in these animals have been characterized, a detailed evaluation of cell-type specificity is lacking. This information is critical for interpretation of experimental results using these animals. We characterized ChR2 expression under the Thy1promoter in line 18 in comparison to known expression profiles of hippocampal cell types using immunohistochemistry in CA1. ChR2 expression did not colocalize with parvalbumin or calbindin expressing interneurons. However, we found ChR2 expression to be localized in the deep sublayer of CA1 in calbindin-negative pyramidal cells. These findings demonstrate the utility of the Thy1-ChR2-YFP mouse to study the activity and functional role of excitatory neurons located in the deep CA1 pyramidal cell layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy L Dobbins
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - David C Klorig
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thuy Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dwayne W Godwin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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22
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Poling BC, Tsai K, Kang D, Ren L, Kennedy EM, Cullen BR. A lentiviral vector bearing a reverse intron demonstrates superior expression of both proteins and microRNAs. RNA Biol 2017; 14:1570-1579. [PMID: 28594311 PMCID: PMC5785219 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1334755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While lentiviral expression vectors are widely used in many facets of molecular biology, due to their ability to stably express heterologous genes in both dividing and non-dividing cells, they suffer from the disadvantage that introns inserted into the vector genome are generally rapidly lost by splicing in packaging cell lines. The presence of an intron, if achievable, has the potential to facilitate the expression of transgene cDNAs, as splicing has been extensively shown to facilitate mRNA biogenesis and function. Moreover, if a stable intron could be introduced into a lentiviral vector, this could greatly facilitate the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), and especially miRNA clusters, as the introduction of pri-miRNA stems into the exonic region of a lentiviral vector can strongly reduce both vector titer and the expression of any miRNA-linked indicator gene due to cleavage of the vector RNA genome by cellular Drosha. Here, we describe a novel lentiviral vector design in which transgenes and/or miRNAs are expressed using an antisense-orientated, inducible promoter driving an expression cassette bearing a functional intron. We demonstrate that this lentiviral vector, called pTREX, is able to express higher levels of both transgenes and pri-miRNA clusters when compared with a closely similar conventional lentiviral vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigid Chiyoko Poling
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Tsai
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dong Kang
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda Ren
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward M. Kennedy
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bryan R. Cullen
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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23
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Moussy A, Cosette J, Parmentier R, da Silva C, Corre G, Richard A, Gandrillon O, Stockholm D, Páldi A. Integrated time-lapse and single-cell transcription studies highlight the variable and dynamic nature of human hematopoietic cell fate commitment. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001867. [PMID: 28749943 PMCID: PMC5531424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual cells take lineage commitment decisions in a way that is not necessarily uniform. We address this issue by characterising transcriptional changes in cord blood-derived CD34+ cells at the single-cell level and integrating data with cell division history and morphological changes determined by time-lapse microscopy. We show that major transcriptional changes leading to a multilineage-primed gene expression state occur very rapidly during the first cell cycle. One of the 2 stable lineage-primed patterns emerges gradually in each cell with variable timing. Some cells reach a stable morphology and molecular phenotype by the end of the first cell cycle and transmit it clonally. Others fluctuate between the 2 phenotypes over several cell cycles. Our analysis highlights the dynamic nature and variable timing of cell fate commitment in hematopoietic cells, links the gene expression pattern to cell morphology, and identifies a new category of cells with fluctuating phenotypic characteristics, demonstrating the complexity of the fate decision process (which is different from a simple binary switch between 2 options, as it is usually envisioned). Hematopoietic stem cells are classically defined as a specific category of cells at the top of the hierarchy that can differentiate all blood cell types following step-by-step the instructions of a deterministic program. We have analysed this process, and our findings support a much more dynamic view than previously described. We apply time-lapse microscopy coupled to single-cell molecular analyses in human hematopoietic stem cells and find that fate decision is not a unique, programmed event but a process of spontaneous variation and selective stabilisation reminiscent of trial–error processes. We show that each cell explores (at its own pace and independently of cell division) many different possibilities before reaching a stable combination of genes to be expressed. Our results suggest, therefore, that multipotency seems to be more like a transitory state than a feature of a specific cell category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Moussy
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, UMRS 951, INSERM, Univ-Evry, Evry, France
- Genethon, Evry, France
| | | | | | - Cindy da Silva
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, UMRS 951, INSERM, Univ-Evry, Evry, France
| | | | - Angélique Richard
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Gandrillon
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel Stockholm
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, UMRS 951, INSERM, Univ-Evry, Evry, France
| | - András Páldi
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, UMRS 951, INSERM, Univ-Evry, Evry, France
- * E-mail:
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24
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Pu L, Meng M, Wu J, Zhang J, Hou Z, Gao H, Xu H, Liu B, Tang W, Jiang L, Li Y. Compared to the amniotic membrane, Wharton's jelly may be a more suitable source of mesenchymal stem cells for cardiovascular tissue engineering and clinical regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:72. [PMID: 28320452 PMCID: PMC5359832 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of developing cardiovascular tissue engineering (CTE) grafts greatly needs a readily available cell substitute for endothelial and interstitial cells. Perinatal annexes have been proposed as a valuable source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the potential of human Wharton's jelly MSCs (WJ-MSCs) and amniotic membrane MSCs (AM-MSCs) as a seeding cell in CTE and cardiovascular regenerative medicine. METHODS WJ-MSCs/AM-MSCs were isolated and characterized in vitro according to their morphology, proliferation, self-renewal, phenotype, and multipotency. More importantly, the characteristics of hemocompatibility, extracellular matrix deposition, and gene expression and viability of both MSCs were investigated. RESULTS Fibroblast-like human WJ-MSCs and AM-MSCs were successfully isolated and positively expressed the characteristic markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 but were negative for CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR. Both MSCs shared trilineage differentiation toward the adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. The proliferative and self-renewal capacity of WJ-MSCs was significantly higher than that of AM-MSCs (P < 0.001). WJ-MSCs provided comparable properties of antiplatelet adhesion and did not activate the coagulation cascade to endothelial cells. However, aggregated platelets were visualized on the surface of AM-MSCs-derived cell sheets and the intrinsic pathway was activated. Furthermore, WJ-MSCs have superior properties of collagen deposition and higher viability than AM-MSCs during cell sheet formation. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that WJ-MSCs could act as a functional substitute of endothelial and interstitial cells, which could serve as an appealing and practical single-cell source for CTE and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Meng
- Central Laboratory, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Surgery Institute of Yunnan, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374, Dianmian Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Central Laboratory, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- Central Laboratory, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Boyu Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Central Laboratory, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Surgery Institute of Yunnan, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157, Jinbi Road, Kunming, Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxiong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Surgery Institute of Yunnan, 245, East of Renmin Road, Kunming, 650051 Yunnan People’s Republic of China
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25
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Koyama Y, Wang P, Liang S, Iwaisako K, Liu X, Xu J, Zhang M, Sun M, Cong M, Karin D, Taura K, Benner C, Heinz S, Bera T, Brenner DA, Kisseleva T. Mesothelin/mucin 16 signaling in activated portal fibroblasts regulates cholestatic liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1254-1270. [PMID: 28287406 DOI: 10.1172/jci88845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver fibrosis is caused by obstruction of the biliary tract and is associated with early activation of portal fibroblasts (PFs) that express Thy-1, fibulin 2, and the recently identified marker mesothelin (MSLN). Here, we have demonstrated that activated PFs (aPFs) and myofibroblasts play a critical role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Conditional ablation of MSLN+ aPFs in BDL-injured mice attenuated liver fibrosis by approximately 50%. Similar results were observed in MSLN-deficient mice (Msln-/- mice) or mice deficient in the MSLN ligand mucin 16 (Muc16-/- mice). In vitro analysis revealed that MSLN regulates TGF-β1-inducible activation of WT PFs by disrupting the formation of an inhibitory Thy-1-TGFβRI complex. MSLN also facilitated the FGF-mediated proliferation of WT aPFs. Therapeutic administration of anti-MSLN-blocking Abs attenuated BDL-induced fibrosis in WT mice. Liver specimens from patients with cholestatic liver fibrosis had increased numbers of MSLN+ aPFs/myofibroblasts, suggesting that MSLN may be a potential target for antifibrotic therapy.
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26
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McCullough KM, Choi D, Guo J, Zimmerman K, Walton J, Rainnie DG, Ressler KJ. Molecular characterization of Thy1 expressing fear-inhibiting neurons within the basolateral amygdala. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13149. [PMID: 27767183 PMCID: PMC5078744 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of neuron populations, particularly those controlling threat responses, is essential for understanding the cellular basis of behaviour and identifying pharmacological agents acting selectively on fear-controlling circuitry. Here we demonstrate a comprehensive workflow for identification of pharmacologically tractable markers of behaviourally characterized cell populations. Thy1-eNpHR-, Thy1-Cre- and Thy1-eYFP-labelled neurons of the BLA consistently act as fear inhibiting or 'Fear-Off' neurons during behaviour. We use cell-type-specific optogenetics and chemogenetics (DREADDs) to modulate activity in this population during behaviour to block or enhance fear extinction. Dissociated Thy1-eYFP neurons are isolated using FACS. RNA sequencing identifies genes strongly upregulated in RNA of this population, including Ntsr2, Dkk3, Rspo2 and Wnt7a. Pharmacological manipulation of neurotensin receptor 2 confirms behavioural effects observed in optogenetic and chemogenetic experiments. These experiments identify and validate Ntsr2-expressing neurons within the BLA, as a putative 'Fear-Off' population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M. McCullough
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02478, USA
| | - Dennis Choi
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Jidong Guo
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Kelsey Zimmerman
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jordan Walton
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02478, USA
| | - Donald G. Rainnie
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02478, USA
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27
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Moraes DA, Sibov TT, Pavon LF, Alvim PQ, Bonadio RS, Da Silva JR, Pic-Taylor A, Toledo OA, Marti LC, Azevedo RB, Oliveira DM. A reduction in CD90 (THY-1) expression results in increased differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:97. [PMID: 27465541 PMCID: PMC4964048 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells used in several cell therapies. MSCs are characterized by the expression of CD73, CD90, and CD105 cell markers, and the absence of CD34, CD45, CD11a, CD19, and HLA-DR cell markers. CD90 is a glycoprotein present in the MSC membranes and also in adult cells and cancer stem cells. The role of CD90 in MSCs remains unknown. Here, we sought to analyse the role that CD90 plays in the characteristic properties of in vitro expanded human MSCs. METHODS We investigated the function of CD90 with regard to morphology, proliferation rate, suppression of T-cell proliferation, and osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of MSCs by reducing the expression of this marker using CD90-target small hairpin RNA lentiviral vectors. RESULTS The present study shows that a reduction in CD90 expression enhances the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro and, unexpectedly, causes a decrease in CD44 and CD166 expression. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that CD90 controls the differentiation of MSCs by acting as an obstacle in the pathway of differentiation commitment. This may be overcome in the presence of the correct differentiation stimuli, supporting the idea that CD90 level manipulation may lead to more efficient differentiation rates in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A. Moraes
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- Centro Universitario do Distrito Federal UDF, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Tatiana T. Sibov
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Lorena F. Pavon
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Paula Q. Alvim
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Raphael S. Bonadio
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Jaqueline R. Da Silva
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Aline Pic-Taylor
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Orlando A. Toledo
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Luciana C. Marti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo B. Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
| | - Daniela M. Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF Brazil
- IB-Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília - UNB, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasília, CEP 70910-970 Brazil
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Gosnell ME, Anwer AG, Mahbub SB, Menon Perinchery S, Inglis DW, Adhikary PP, Jazayeri JA, Cahill MA, Saad S, Pollock CA, Sutton-McDowall ML, Thompson JG, Goldys EM. Quantitative non-invasive cell characterisation and discrimination based on multispectral autofluorescence features. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23453. [PMID: 27029742 PMCID: PMC4814840 DOI: 10.1038/srep23453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated and unbiased methods of non-invasive cell monitoring able to deal with complex biological heterogeneity are fundamentally important for biology and medicine. Label-free cell imaging provides information about endogenous autofluorescent metabolites, enzymes and cofactors in cells. However extracting high content information from autofluorescence imaging has been hitherto impossible. Here, we quantitatively characterise cell populations in different tissue types, live or fixed, by using novel image processing and a simple multispectral upgrade of a wide-field fluorescence microscope. Our optimal discrimination approach enables statistical hypothesis testing and intuitive visualisations where previously undetectable differences become clearly apparent. Label-free classifications are validated by the analysis of Classification Determinant (CD) antigen expression. The versatility of our method is illustrated by detecting genetic mutations in cancer, non-invasive monitoring of CD90 expression, label-free tracking of stem cell differentiation, identifying stem cell subpopulations with varying functional characteristics, tissue diagnostics in diabetes, and assessing the condition of preimplantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E. Gosnell
- Quantitative Pty Ltd ABN 17165684186, Beaumont Hills NSW 2155, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, NSW Australia
| | - Ayad G. Anwer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, NSW Australia
| | - Saabah B. Mahbub
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, NSW Australia
| | - Sandeep Menon Perinchery
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, NSW Australia
| | - David W. Inglis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, NSW Australia
| | - Partho P. Adhikary
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Jalal A. Jazayeri
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Michael A. Cahill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital/Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Pacific Hwy, St Leonards NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital/Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Pacific Hwy, St Leonards NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Melanie L. Sutton-McDowall
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Medical School, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Jeremy G. Thompson
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Medical School, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Ewa M. Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2109, NSW Australia
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29
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Joshi R, Liu S, Brown MD, Young SM, Batie M, Kofron JM, Xu Y, Weaver TE, Apsley K, Varisco BM. Stretch regulates expression and binding of chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 in the postnatal lung. FASEB J 2016; 30:590-600. [PMID: 26443822 PMCID: PMC6994241 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung stretch is critical for normal lung development and for compensatory lung growth after pneumonectomy (PNX), but the mechanisms by which strain induces matrix remodeling are unclear. Our prior work demonstrated an association of chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 (Cela1) with lung elastin remodeling, and that strain triggered a near-instantaneous elastin-remodeling response. We sought to determine whether stretch regulates Cela1 expression and Cela1 binding to lung elastin. In C57BL/6J mice, Cela1 protein increased 176-fold during lung morphogenesis. Cela1 was covalently bound to serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 1, resulting in a higher molecular mass in lung homogenate compared to pancreas homogenate. Post-PNX, Cela1 mRNA increased 6-fold, protein 3-fold, and Cela1-positive cells 2-fold. Cela1 was expressed predominantly in alveolar type II cells in the embryonic lung and predominantly in CD90-positive lung fibroblasts postnatally. During compensatory lung growth, Cela1 expression was induced in nonproliferative mesenchymal cells. In ex vivo mouse lung sections, stretch increased Cela1 binding to lung tissue by 46%. Competitive inhibition with soluble elastin completely abrogated this increase. Areas of stretch-induced elastase activity and Cela1 binding colocalized. The stretch-dependent expression and binding kinetics of Cela1 indicate an important role in stretch-dependent remodeling of the peripheral lung during development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashika Joshi
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Montell D Brown
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah M Young
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Batie
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J Matthew Kofron
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Timmothy E Weaver
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Karen Apsley
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian M Varisco
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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30
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Osborne A, Hopes M, Wright P, Broadway DC, Sanderson J. Human organotypic retinal cultures (HORCs) as a chronic experimental model for investigation of retinal ganglion cell degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2015; 143:28-38. [PMID: 26432917 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing need for models of human diseases that utilise native, donated human tissue in order to model disease processes and develop novel therapeutic strategies. In this paper we assessed the suitability of adult human retinal explants as a potential model of chronic retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. Our results confirmed that RGC markers commonly used in rodent studies (NeuN, βIII Tubulin and Thy-1) were appropriate for labelling human RGCs and followed the expected differential expression patterns across, as well as throughout, the macular and para-macular regions of the retina. Furthermore, we showed that neither donor age nor post-mortem time (within 24 h) significantly affected the initial expression levels of RGC markers. In addition, the feasibility of using human post mortem donor tissue as a long-term model of RGC degeneration was determined with RGC protein being detectable up to 4 weeks in culture with an associated decline in RGC mRNA and significant, progressive, apoptotic labelling of NeuN(+) cells. Differences in RGC apoptosis might have been influenced by medium compositions indicating that media constituents could play a role in supporting axotomised RGCs. We propose that using ex vivo human explants may prove to be a useful model for testing the effectiveness of neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Osborne
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK; John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Marina Hopes
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Phillip Wright
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - David C Broadway
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Julie Sanderson
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Abstract
New generations of Thy1-XFP transgenic mice (where XFP stands for any fluorescent protein) can now be readily generated, given the availability of core facilities or commercial providers of Thy1 pronuclear injections. Here, we provide a protocol for screening founder progeny. Transcardial perfusion is performed on 3-wk-old F1 mice that have been produced by crossing Thy1 transgenic founders and commercially obtained inbred mice. Cryosections are generated, and Thy1-driven expression is detected by histological characterization.
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Radic T, Al-Qaisi O, Jungenitz T, Beining M, Schwarzacher SW. Differential Structural Development of Adult-Born Septal Hippocampal Granule Cells in the Thy1-GFP Mouse, Nuclear Size as a New Index of Maturation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135493. [PMID: 26267362 PMCID: PMC4534292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is frequently studied in the mouse hippocampus. We examined the morphological development of adult-born, immature granule cells in the suprapyramidal blade of the septal dentate gyrus over the period of 7–77 days after mitosis with BrdU-labeling in 6-weeks-old male Thy1-GFP mice. As Thy1-GFP expression was restricted to maturated granule cells, it was combined with doublecortin-immunolabeling of immature granule cells. We developed a novel classification system that is easily applicable and enables objective and direct categorization of newborn granule cells based on the degree of dendritic development in relation to the layer specificity of the dentate gyrus. The structural development of adult-generated granule cells was correlated with age, albeit with notable differences in the time course of development between individual cells. In addition, the size of the nucleus, immunolabeled with the granule cell specific marker Prospero-related homeobox 1 gene, was a stable indicator of the degree of a cell's structural maturation and could be used as a straightforward parameter of granule cell development. Therefore, further studies could employ our doublecortin-staging system and nuclear size measurement to perform investigations of morphological development in combination with functional studies of adult-born granule cells. Furthermore, the Thy1-GFP transgenic mouse model can be used as an additional investigation tool because the reporter gene labels granule cells that are 4 weeks or older, while very young cells could be visualized through the immature marker doublecortin. This will enable comparison studies regarding the structure and function between young immature and older matured granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Radic
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, NeuroScience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Omar Al-Qaisi
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, NeuroScience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tassilo Jungenitz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, NeuroScience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcel Beining
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, NeuroScience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan W. Schwarzacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, NeuroScience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Schreglmann SR, Regensburger M, Rockenstein E, Masliah E, Xiang W, Winkler J, Winner B. The temporal expression pattern of alpha-synuclein modulates olfactory neurogenesis in transgenic mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126261. [PMID: 25961568 PMCID: PMC4427489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adult neurogenesis mirrors the brain´s endogenous capacity to generate new neurons throughout life. In the subventricular zone/ olfactory bulb system adult neurogenesis is linked to physiological olfactory function and has been shown to be impaired in murine models of neuronal alpha-Synuclein overexpression. We analyzed the degree and temporo-spatial dynamics of adult olfactory bulb neurogenesis in transgenic mice expressing human wild-type alpha-Synuclein (WTS) under the murine Thy1 (mThy1) promoter, a model known to have a particularly high tg expression associated with impaired olfaction. Results Survival of newly generated neurons (NeuN-positive) in the olfactory bulb was unchanged in mThy1 transgenic animals. Due to decreased dopaminergic differentiation a reduction in new dopaminergic neurons within the olfactory bulb glomerular layer was present. This is in contrast to our previously published data on transgenic animals that express WTS under the control of the human platelet-derived growth factor β (PDGF) promoter, that display a widespread decrease in survival of newly generated neurons in regions of adult neurogenesis, resulting in a much more pronounced neurogenesis deficit. Temporal and quantitative expression analysis using immunofluorescence co-localization analysis and Western blots revealed that in comparison to PDGF transgenic animals, in mThy1 transgenic animals WTS is expressed from later stages of neuronal maturation only but at significantly higher levels both in the olfactory bulb and cortex. Conclusions The dissociation between higher absolute expression levels of alpha-Synuclein but less severe impact on adult olfactory neurogenesis in mThy1 transgenic mice highlights the importance of temporal expression characteristics of alpha-Synuclein on the maturation of newborn neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Regensburger
- IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, United States of America
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, CA, United States of America
| | - Wei Xiang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- IZKF Junior Research Group III and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Taylor-Clark TE, Wu KY, Thompson JA, Yang K, Bahia PK, Ajmo JM. Thy1.2 YFP-16 transgenic mouse labels a subset of large-diameter sensory neurons that lack TRPV1 expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119538. [PMID: 25746468 PMCID: PMC4351979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Thy1.2 YFP-16 mouse expresses yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in specific subsets of peripheral and central neurons. The original characterization of this model suggested that YFP was expressed in all sensory neurons, and this model has been subsequently used to study sensory nerve structure and function. Here, we have characterized the expression of YFP in the sensory ganglia (DRG, trigeminal and vagal) of the Thy1.2 YFP-16 mouse, using biochemical, functional and anatomical analyses. Despite previous reports, we found that YFP was only expressed in approximately half of DRG and trigeminal neurons and less than 10% of vagal neurons. YFP-expression was only found in medium and large-diameter neurons that expressed neurofilament but not TRPV1. YFP-expressing neurons failed to respond to selective agonists for TRPV1, P2X(2/3 and TRPM8 channels in Ca2+ imaging assays. Confocal analysis of glabrous skin, hairy skin of the back and ear and skeletal muscle indicated that YFP was expressed in some peripheral terminals with structures consistent with their presumed non-nociceptive nature. In summary, the Thy1.2 YFP-16 mouse expresses robust YFP expression in only a subset of sensory neurons. But this mouse model is not suitable for the study of nociceptive nerves or the function of such nerves in pain and neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Julie-Ann Thompson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kiseok Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Parmvir K. Bahia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Joanne M. Ajmo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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35
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Shebzukhov YV, Kuchmiy AA, Kruglov AA, Zipp F, Siffrin V, Nedospasov SA. Experimental applications of TNF-reporter mice with far-red fluorescent label. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1155:151-62. [PMID: 24788180 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0669-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This chapter provides protocols for in vitro and in vivo analysis of TNF-producing cells from a novel TNF reporter mouse. In these transgenic mice, genetic sequence encoding far-red reporter protein Katyushka (FRFPK) was placed under control of the same regulatory elements as TNF, thus providing the basis for detection, isolation, and visualization of TNF-producing cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Flow Cytometry
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Indicators and Reagents/metabolism
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Recombination, Genetic
- Thy-1 Antigens/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
- Red Fluorescent Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury V Shebzukhov
- German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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36
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Delerue F, White M, Ittner LM. Inducible, tightly regulated and non-leaky neuronal gene expression in mice. Transgenic Res 2013; 23:225-33. [PMID: 24214494 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Tetracycline (Tet)-controlled inducible system is the most widely used reversible system for transgene expression in mice with over 500 lines created to date. Although this system has been optimized over the years, it still has limitations such as residual transgene expression when turned off, referred to as leakiness. Here, we present a series of new Tet-OFF transgenic mice based on the second generation tetracycline-responsive transactivator system. The tTA-Advanced (tTA2(S)) is expressed under control of the neuron-specific Thy1.2 promoter (Thy-OFF), to regulate expression in the mouse brain. In addition, we generated a lacZ reporter line, utilizing the P tight Tet-responsive promoter (P(tight)-lacZ), to test our system. Two Thy-OFF transgenic lines displaying two distinct patterns of expression were selected. Oral doxycycline treatment of Thy-OFF/P tight-lacZ mice demonstrated tight transgene regulation with no leak expression. These new Thy-OFF mice are valuable for studies in a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and related forms of dementia, where control of transgene expression is critical to understanding mechanisms underlying the disease. Furthermore, P tight-lacZ reporter mice may be widely applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Delerue
- Transgenic Animal Unit, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Johansson I, Ringnér M, Hedenfalk I. The landscape of candidate driver genes differs between male and female breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78299. [PMID: 24194916 PMCID: PMC3806766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapidly growing collection of diverse genome-scale data from multiple tumor types sheds light on various aspects of the underlying tumor biology. With the objective to identify genes of importance for breast tumorigenesis in men and to enable comparisons with genes important for breast cancer development in women, we applied the computational framework COpy Number and EXpression In Cancer (CONEXIC) to detect candidate driver genes among all altered passenger genes. Unique to this approach is that each driver gene is associated with several gene modules that are believed to be altered by the driver. Thirty candidate drivers were found in the male breast cancers and 67 in the female breast cancers. We identified many known drivers of breast cancer and other types of cancer, in the female dataset (e.g. GATA3, CCNE1, GRB7, CDK4). In contrast, only three known cancer genes were found among male breast cancers; MAP2K4, LHP, and ZNF217. Many of the candidate drivers identified are known to be involved in processes associated with tumorigenesis, including proliferation, invasion and differentiation. One of the modules identified in male breast cancer was regulated by THY1, a gene involved in invasion and related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, men with THY1 positive breast cancers had significantly inferior survival. THY1 may thus be a promising novel prognostic marker for male breast cancer. Another module identified among male breast cancers, regulated by SPAG5, was closely associated with proliferation. Our data indicate that male and female breast cancers display highly different landscapes of candidate driver genes, as only a few genes were found in common between the two. Consequently, the pathobiology of male breast cancer may differ from that of female breast cancer and can be associated with differences in prognosis; men diagnosed with breast cancer may consequently require different management and treatment strategies than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Johansson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Markus Ringnér
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund and CREATE Health Strategic Center for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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38
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Sukowati CHC, Anfuso B, Torre G, Francalanci P, Crocè LS, Tiribelli C. The expression of CD90/Thy-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma: an in vivo and in vitro study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76830. [PMID: 24116172 PMCID: PMC3792890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the CD90 (Thy-1) was proposed as biomarker of several tumors and cancer stem cells, the involvement of this molecule in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other less frequent hepatic neoplasms is still undefined. The distribution of CD90 was investigated both in in vivo (human tissues samples) and in vitro (human HCC cell line JHH-6). A total of 67 liver tumors were analyzed: 51 HCC, 6 cholangiocarcinoma and 10 hepatoblastoma. In all cases, paired tissue sample of both the tumor and cirrhotic liver was available. Hepatic tissue obtained in 12 healthy livers was used as control. CD90 gene expression was studied by RT-qPCR, protein expression was assessed by quantitative Western Blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The CD90 expression analysis showed a significant increment in tumor compared to both its paired cirrhotic tissue and normal liver (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). This increase was accompanied by the up-regulation of stromal component in the cancer, as demonstrated by alpha smooth muscle actin staining. In vitro analysis of JHH-6 cell line showed a higher proliferation capacity of CD90+ compared to CD90- cells (p<0.001), also noticed in 3D clonogenic assay (p<0.05), associated by a significant higher expression of the promoting factors (hepatocyte growth factor, fibroblast associated protein and alpha smooth muscle actin 2). A higher expression of the breast cancer resistance protein was found in CD90+ subpopulation while the multidrug resistance protein 1 showed an opposite behavior. Collectively, these results point to the importance of CD90 in the HCC.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Thy-1 Antigens/genetics
- Thy-1 Antigens/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Caecilia Hapsari Ceriapuri Sukowati
- Centro Studi Fegato, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Beatrice Anfuso
- Centro Studi Fegato, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuliano Torre
- Hepatology Unit, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Francalanci
- Department of Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Lory Saveria Crocè
- Centro Studi Fegato, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Centro Studi Fegato, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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39
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Williams PA, Howell GR, Barbay JM, Braine CE, Sousa GL, John SWM, Morgan JE. Retinal ganglion cell dendritic atrophy in DBA/2J glaucoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72282. [PMID: 23977271 PMCID: PMC3747092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a complex disease affecting an estimated 70 million people worldwide, characterised by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and accompanying visual field loss. The common site of damage to retinal ganglion cells is thought to be at the optic nerve head, however evidence from other optic neuropathies and neurodegenerative disorders suggests that dendritic structures undergo a prolonged period of atrophy that may accompany or even precede soma loss and neuronal cell death. Using the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma this investigation aims to elucidate the impact of increasing intraocular pressure on retinal ganglion cell dendrites using DBA/2J mice that express YFP throughout the retinal ganglion cells driven by Thy1 (DBA/2J.Thy1(YFP)) and DiOlistically labelled retinal ganglion cells in DBA/2J mice. Here we show retinal ganglion cell dendritic degeneration in DiOlistically labelled DBA/2J retinal ganglion cells but not in the DBA/2J.Thy1(YFP) retinal ganglion cells suggesting that a potential downregulation of Thy1 allows only ‘healthy’ retinal ganglion cells to express YFP. These data may highlight alternative pathways to retinal ganglion cell loss in DBA/2J glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete A. Williams
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Gareth R. Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | | | | | - Gregory L. Sousa
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Simon W. M. John
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bar Habor, Maine, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James E. Morgan
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Eye Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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40
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Wong WM, Sigvardsson M, Åstrand-Grundström I, Hogge D, Larsson J, Qian H, Ekblom M. Expression of integrin α2 receptor in human cord blood CD34+CD38-CD90+ stem cells engrafting long-term in NOD/SCID-IL2Rγ(c) null mice. Stem Cells 2013; 31:360-71. [PMID: 23165626 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human hematopoietic stem cells reside in the CD34+CD38-CD90+ population in cord blood and bone marrow. However, this cell fraction is heterogeneous, and the phenotype of the rare primitive stem cells remains poorly defined. We here report that primitive cord blood CD34+CD38-CD90+ stem cells, with the ability to reconstitute NOD/SCID-IL2Rγ(c) null (NSG) mice long-term, at 24 weeks after transplantation, can be prospectively isolated at an increased purity by using integrin α2 receptor as an additional stem cell marker. Using a limiting dilution transplantation assay, we found a highly significant enrichment of multilineage reconstituting stem cells in the CD34+CD38-CD90+ cell fraction expressing the integrin α2 receptor, with a frequency of 1/29 cells, as compared to a frequency of 1/157 in the corresponding integrin α2- cells. In line with this, long-term reconstituting stem cells within the cord blood CD34+CD38- cell population were significantly enriched in the integrin α2+ fraction, while stem cells and progenitors reconstituting short-term, at 8-12 weeks, were heterogeneous in integrin α2 expression. Global gene expression profiling revealed that the lineage-marker negative (Lin-) CD34+CD38-CD90+CD45RA- integrin α2+ cell population was molecularly distinct from the integrin α2- cell population and the more mature Lin-CD34+CD38-CD90-CD45RA- cell population. Our findings identify integrin α2 as a novel stem cell marker, which improves prospective isolation of the primitive human hematopoietic stem cells within the CD34+CD38-CD90+ cell population for experimental and therapeutic stem cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Man Wong
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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41
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Palmer AL, Dolan BP. MHC class I antigen presentation of DRiP-derived peptides from a model antigen is not dependent on the AAA ATPase p97. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67796. [PMID: 23844095 PMCID: PMC3699533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are responsible for killing cells of the body that have become infected or oncogenically transformed. In order to do so, effector CD8+ T cells must recognize their cognate antigenic peptide bound to a MHC class I molecule that has been directly presented by the target cell. Due to the rapid nature of antigen presentation, it is believed that antigenic peptides are derived from a subset of newly synthesized proteins which are degraded almost immediately following synthesis and termed Defective Ribosomal Products or DRiPs. We have recently reported on a bioassay which can distinguish antigen presentation of DRiP substrates from other forms of rapidly degraded proteins and found that poly-ubiquitin chain disassembly may be necessary for efficient DRiP presentation. The AAA ATPase p97 protein is necessary for efficient cross-presentation of antigens on MHC class I molecules and plays an important role in extracting mis-folded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we find that genetic ablation or chemical inhibition of p97 does not diminish DRiP antigen presentation to any great extent nor does it alter the levels of MHC class I molecules on the cell surface, despite our observations that p97 inhibition increased the levels of poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cell. These data demonstrate that inhibiting poly-ubiquitin chain disassembly alone is insufficient to abolish DRiP presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Palmer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Dolan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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42
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Bui TV, Akay T, Loubani O, Hnasko TS, Jessell TM, Brownstone RM. Circuits for grasping: spinal dI3 interneurons mediate cutaneous control of motor behavior. Neuron 2013; 78:191-204. [PMID: 23583114 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Accurate motor performance depends on the integration in spinal microcircuits of sensory feedback information. Hand grasp is a skilled motor behavior known to require cutaneous sensory feedback, but spinal microcircuits that process and relay this feedback to the motor system have not been defined. We sought to define classes of spinal interneurons involved in the cutaneous control of hand grasp in mice and to show that dI3 interneurons, a class of dorsal spinal interneurons marked by the expression of Isl1, convey input from low threshold cutaneous afferents to motoneurons. Mice in which the output of dI3 interneurons has been inactivated exhibit deficits in motor tasks that rely on cutaneous afferent input. Most strikingly, the ability to maintain grip strength in response to increasing load is lost following genetic silencing of dI3 interneuron output. Thus, spinal microcircuits that integrate cutaneous feedback crucial for paw grip rely on the intermediary role of dI3 interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan V Bui
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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43
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Wang P, Gao Q, Suo Z, Munthe E, Solberg S, Ma L, Wang M, Westerdaal NAC, Kvalheim G, Gaudernack G. Identification and characterization of cells with cancer stem cell properties in human primary lung cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57020. [PMID: 23469181 PMCID: PMC3587631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) with its different subtypes is generally known as a therapy resistant cancer with the highest morbidity rate worldwide. Therapy resistance of a tumor is thought to be related to cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumors. There have been indications that the lung cancer is propagated and maintained by a small population of CSCs. To study this question we established a panel of 15 primary lung cancer cell lines (PLCCLs) from 20 fresh primary tumors using a robust serum-free culture system. We subsequently focused on identification of lung CSCs by studying these cell lines derived from 4 representative lung cancer subtypes such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC), large cell carcinoma (LCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). We identified a small population of cells strongly positive for CD44 (CD44high) and a main population which was either weakly positive or negative for CD44 (CD44low/−). Co-expression of CD90 further narrowed down the putative stem cell population in PLCCLs from SCLC and LCC as spheroid-forming cells were mainly found within the CD44highCD90+ sub-population. Moreover, these CD44highCD90+ cells revealed mesenchymal morphology, increased expression of mesenchymal markers N-Cadherin and Vimentin, increased mRNA levels of the embryonic stem cell related genes Nanog and Oct4 and increased resistance to irradiation compared to other sub-populations studied, suggesting the CD44highCD90+ population a good candidate for the lung CSCs. Both CD44highCD90+ and CD44highCD90− cells in the PLCCL derived from SCC formed spheroids, whereas the CD44low/− cells were lacking this potential. These results indicate that CD44highCD90+ sub-population may represent CSCs in SCLC and LCC, whereas in SCC lung cancer subtype, CSC potentials were found within the CD44high sub-population.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma of Lung
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Immunophenotyping
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Nanog Homeobox Protein
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/metabolism
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology
- Thy-1 Antigens/genetics
- Thy-1 Antigens/metabolism
- Vimentin/genetics
- Vimentin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Hematology, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanli Gao
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Hematology, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhe Suo
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Munthe
- Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steinar Solberg
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liwei Ma
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mengyu Wang
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Gunnar Kvalheim
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gustav Gaudernack
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Centre, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Tang KH, Dai YD, Tong M, Chan YP, Kwan PS, Fu L, Qin YR, Tsao SW, Lung HL, Lung ML, Tong DK, Law S, Chan KW, Ma S, Guan XY. A CD90(+) tumor-initiating cell population with an aggressive signature and metastatic capacity in esophageal cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 73:2322-32. [PMID: 23382045 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TIC), also known as cancer stem cells, are regarded widely as a specific subpopulation of cells needed for cancer initiation and progression. TICs have yet to be identified in esophageal tumors that have an increasing incidence in developed countries. Here, we report a CD90(+) cell population found in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which is endowed with stem cell-like properties and high tumorigenic and metastatic potential. mRNA profiling of these cells suggested pathways through which they drive tumor growth and metastasis, with deregulation of an Ets-1/MMP signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition figuring prominently. These cells possessed higher self-renewal activity and were sufficient for tumor growth, differentiation, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. CD90(+) TICs were isolated and characterized from ESCC clinical specimens as well as ESCC cell lines. In freshly resected clinical specimens, they represented a rare cell population, the levels of which correlated with strong family histories and lymph node metastasis. Our results prompt further study of this CD90(+) population of esophageal TICs as potential therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Progression
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Thy-1 Antigens/chemistry
- Thy-1 Antigens/genetics
- Thy-1 Antigens/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Ho Tang
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Bryan N, Lewis FC, Bond D, Stanley C, Hunt JA. Evaluation of a novel non-destructive catch and release technology for harvesting autologous adult stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53933. [PMID: 23349768 PMCID: PMC3551971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell based therapies are required now to meet the critical care needs of paediatrics and healthy ageing in an increasingly long-lived human population. Repair of compromised tissue by supporting autologous regeneration is a life changing objective uniting the fields of medical science and engineering. Adipose stem cells (adSCs) are a compelling candidate for use in cell based medicine due to their plasticity and residence in numerous tissues. Adipose found in all animals contains a relatively high concentration of stem cells and is easily isolated by a minimally invasive clinical intervention; such as liposuction. METHODS This study utilised primary rat adipose to validate a novel strategy for selecting adult stem cells. Experiments explored the use of large, very dense cell-specific antibody loaded isolation beads (diameter 5x-10x greater than target cells) which overcome the problem of endocytosis and have proved to be very effective in cell isolation from minimally processed primary tissue. The technique also benefited from pH mediated release, which enabled elution of captured cells using a simple pH shift. RESULTS Large beads successfully captured and released adSCs from rat adipose, which were characterised using a combination of microscopy, flow cytometry and PCR. The resultant purified cell population retains minimal capture artefact facilitating autologous reperfusion or application in in vitro models. CONCLUSION Although evidenced here for adSCs, this approach provides a technological advance at a platform level; whereby it can be applied to isolate any cell population for which there is a characterised surface antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Bryan
- Clinical Engineering, United Kingdom Centre for Tissue Engineering, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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46
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Chindasub P, Lindsey JD, Duong-Polk K, Leung CK, Weinreb RN. Inhibition of histone deacetylases 1 and 3 protects injured retinal ganglion cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:96-102. [PMID: 23197683 PMCID: PMC3544425 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Thy-1 is a marker of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation. Optic nerve injury triggers reduction of Thy-1 promoter activation followed by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. This study determined whether MS-275, an inhibitor of the histone deacetylases 1 and 3, can inhibit these changes. METHODS Mice expressing cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) under control of the Thy-1 promoter received MS-275 (subcutaneous) or vehicle three times per week starting 1 week before optic nerve crush and continuing for 6 weeks. The same retinal area was imaged using the blue-light confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope before and after optic nerve crush every week, and fluorescent spots were counted manually. The eyes were then processed for histopathologic analysis. RESULTS The mean proportions of fluorescent retinal neurons remaining in the vehicle group following optic nerve crush were 36 ± 8, 18 ± 6, 13 ± 10, 12 ± 4, 13 ± 5, and 13 ± 5% at weeks 1 through 6, respectively (n = 6). In contrast, the mean proportions of fluorescent retinal neurons remaining in the group treated with MS-275 were 59 ± 19, 39 ± 11, 34 ± 12, 33 ± 15, 32 ± 13, and 27 ± 15% at weeks 1 through 6, respectively (n = 7, P < 0.05 at weeks 1 through 5). Rate analysis showed that MS-275 slowed the rate of loss during the first 2 weeks by 23% (P < 0.05) and subsequently was similar. Histopathologic analysis revealed 27 ± 13% greater ganglion cell layer (GCL) neurons in the eyes from mice that received MS-275 treatment (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that treatment with MS-275 protects against the loss of RGC differentiation and promotes RGC survival following optic nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panida Chindasub
- From the
Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - James D. Lindsey
- From the
Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Karen Duong-Polk
- From the
Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christopher K. Leung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- From the
Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California
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47
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Rylova IV, Buravkova LB. [Long-term expansion of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells under reduced oxygen tension]. Tsitologiia 2013; 55:852-860. [PMID: 25474903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that the decrease in oxygen tension in the culture medium of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) results in a short-term reduction in the proportion of CD73(+)-cells in the population, without effecting the number of cells expressing other constitutive surface markers (CD90 and CD105). In this case, the heterogeneity of the cell population declined: large spread cells disappeared. The proliferative activity of MMSCs significantly increased and remained stable in conditions in which the oxygen content was close to the tissue oxygen levels (5% O2). At lower oxygen concentration, proliferative activity of the cells gradually reduced from passages 3-4. The increase in proliferative activity was not accompanied by increased expression of telomerase gene indicateding the alsance of cell transformation. However, genome-wide analysis of MMSC gene expression level revealed changes in expression of cyclins (CCND2 and PCNA), regulatory subunit cyclin-dependent kinase (CKS2) and an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKN2C), regulating the cell cycle, which is obviously facilitated the increase in the proliferative capacity of cells at lower oxygen tension.
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Chen F, Jiang L, Shen C, Wan H, Xu L, Wang N, Jonas JB. Neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity in the adult rat retina. Acta Ophthalmol 2012; 90:e609-15. [PMID: 22974415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2012.02502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol of green tea, has been suggested to reduce glutamate excitotoxicity. We therefore investigated the potentially protective effects of EGCG against N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity in the retina. METHODS Female Wistar rats (n = 171) were divided into a normal control group (n = 9); saline control group with intravitreal saline injections (n = 54); NMDA control group with an intravitreal NMDA injection and intraperitoneal saline injections (n = 54); and NMDA study group (n = 54) receiving an intravitreal NMDA injection plus intraperitoneal EGCG (25 mg/kg) injections. Starting at 2 days prior to the intravitreal NMDA injection, the intraperitoneal injections were performed daily for the whole study period. At 12 hr, 1, 2, 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks after the intravitreal NMDA injection, the animals were killed. We counted the neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL) on histological sections, measured the thickness of Thy-1 immunoreactivity and assessed the expression of Thy-1 mRNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS At all time-points, GCL cell density, thickness of Thy-1 immunoreactivity and expression of Thy-1 mRNA were significantly (all p < 0.05) lower in the NMDA control group than in the NMDA study group, in which the parameters were significantly (all p < 0.05) lower than in the saline control group and the normal control group. In both groups with an intravitreal NMDA injection, GCL cell density, thickness of Thy-1 immunoreactivity and expression of Thy-1 mRNA decreased significantly with increasing follow-up time. CONCLUSIONS Intraperitoneal application of EGCG resulted in a significantly less marked NMDA-associated loss of retinal ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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49
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Lobba ARM, Forni MF, Carreira ACO, Sogayar MC. Differential expression of CD90 and CD14 stem cell markers in malignant breast cancer cell lines. Cytometry A 2012; 81:1084-91. [PMID: 23090904 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The recently emerged concept of cancer stem cell (CSC) has led to a new hypothesis on the basis for tumor progression. Basically, the CSC theory hypothesizes the presence of a hierarchically organized and relatively rare cell population, which is responsible for tumor initiation, self-renewal, and maintenance, in addition to accumulation of mutation and resistance to chemotherapy. CSCs have recently been described in breast cancer. Different genetic markers have been used to isolate breast CSCs, none of which have been correlated with the tumorigenicity or metastatic potential of the cells, limiting their precise characterization and clinical application in the development of therapeutic protocols. Here, we sought for subpopulations of CSCs by analyzing 10 judiciously chosen stem cell markers in a normal breast cell line (MCF10-A) and in four human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and Hs578-T) displaying different degrees of metastatic and invasiveness potential. We were able to identify two markers, which are differentially expressed in nontumorigenic versus tumor cells. The CD90 marker was highly expressed in the malignant cell lines. Interestingly, the CD14 molecule displayed higher expression levels in the nontumorigenic cell line. Therefore, we demonstrated that these two markers, which are more commonly used to isolate and characterize stem cells, are differentially expressed in breast tumor cells, when compared with nontumorigenic breast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R M Lobba
- Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Chauhan BC, Stevens KT, Levesque JM, Nuschke AC, Sharpe GP, O'Leary N, Archibald ML, Wang X. Longitudinal in vivo imaging of retinal ganglion cells and retinal thickness changes following optic nerve injury in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40352. [PMID: 22768284 PMCID: PMC3386976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) die in sight-threatening eye diseases. Imaging RGCs in humans is not currently possible and proof of principle in experimental models is fundamental for future development. Our objective was to quantify RGC density and retinal thickness following optic nerve transection in transgenic mice expressing cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) under control of the Thy1 promoter, expressed by RGCs and other neurons. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO)/spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) camera was used to image and quantify CFP+ cells in mice from the B6.Cg-Tg(Thy1-CFP)23Jrs/J line. SD-OCT circle (1 B-scan), raster (37 B-scans) and radial (24 B-scans) scans of the retina were also obtained. CSLO was performed at baseline (n = 11) and 3 (n = 11), 5 (n = 4), 7 (n = 10), 10 (n = 6), 14 (n = 7) and 21 (n = 5) days post-transection, while SD-OCT was performed at baseline and 7, 14 and 35 days (n = 9) post-transection. Longitudinal change in CFP+ cell density and retinal thickness were computed. Compared to baseline, the mean (SD) percentage CFP+ cells remaining at 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days post-transection was 86 (9)%, 63 (11)%, 45 (11)%, 31 (9)%, 20 (9)% and 8 (4)%, respectively. Compared to baseline, the mean (SD) retinal thickness at 7 days post-transection was 97 (3)%, 98 (2)% and 97 (4)% for the circle, raster and radial scans, respectively. The corresponding figures at 14 and 35 days post-transection were 96 (3)%, 97 (2)% and 95 (3)%; and 93 (3)%, 94 (3)% and 92 (3)%. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Longitudinal imaging showed an exponential decline in CFP+ cell density and a small (≤8%) reduction in SD-OCT measured retinal thickness post-transection. SD-OCT is a promising tool for detecting structural changes in experimental optic neuropathy. These results represent an important step towards translation for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balwantray C Chauhan
- Retina and Optic Nerve Research Laboratory, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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