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Kitahara ABP, Michels AC, Luiz ST, Nagashima S, Camargo Martins AP, de Azevedo MLV, Azevedo Alanis LR, Couto Souza PH, Ignácio SA, de Noronha L, Bettega PVC, Tyski MCA, Quispe EMP, Mozzer I, Souto GR, Aguiar MCF, Modolo F, Scariot R, Jham BC, Hardy AMTG, Johann ACBR. Immunohistochemical detection of NANOG in oral leukoplakia. Oral Dis 2023; 29:376-379. [PMID: 33915012 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suelen Teixeira Luiz
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Camargo Martins
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Reis Azevedo Alanis
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Couto Souza
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Lucia de Noronha
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Carolina Albini Tyski
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Edinson Manuel Pérez Quispe
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Izabela Mozzer
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba-PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Ribeiro Souto
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500. Bairro Coração Eucaristico, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, GEP, 30535-901
| | - Maria Cássia Ferreira Aguiar
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antonio Carlos 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Filipe Modolo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis - SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- Universidade Federal do Paraná. Avenida Pref. Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botanico, Curitiba-PR, 80210-170, Brazil
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Lee H, Kim JW, Lee DS, Min SH. Combined Poziotinib with Manidipine Treatment Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Stem-Cell Proliferation and Stemness. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197379. [PMID: 33036254 PMCID: PMC7583017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in women worldwide, with an overall 5 year survival rate below 30%. The low survival rate is associated with the persistence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) after chemotherapy. Therefore, CSC-targeting strategies are required for successful EOC treatment. Pan-human epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (HER4) and L-type calcium channels are highly expressed in ovarian CSCs, and treatment with the pan-HER inhibitor poziotinib or calcium channel blockers (CCBs) selectively inhibits the growth of ovarian CSCs via distinct molecular mechanisms. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that combination treatment with poziotinib and CCBs can synergistically inhibit the growth of ovarian CSCs. Combined treatment with poziotinib and manidipine (an L-type CCB) synergistically suppressed ovarian CSC sphere formation and viability compared with either drug alone. Moreover, combination treatment synergistically reduced the expression of stemness markers, including CD133, KLF4, and NANOG, and stemness-related signaling molecules, such as phospho-STAT5, phospho-AKT, phospho-ERK, and Wnt/β-catenin. Moreover, poziotinib with manidipine dramatically induced apoptosis in ovarian CSCs. Our results suggest that the combinatorial use of poziotinib with a CCB can effectively inhibit ovarian CSC survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Jun Woo Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.)
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Sang-Hyun Min
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Chumbok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Korea; (H.L.); (J.W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +82-53-790-5799
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Park YS, Nemeño JGE, Choi NY, Lee JI, Ko K, Choi SC, Kim WS, Han DW, Tapia N, Ko K. Ectopic overexpression of Nanog induces tumorigenesis in non-tumorous fibroblasts. Biol Chem 2016; 397:249-55. [PMID: 26733157 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Key regulatory genes in pluripotent stem cells are of interest not only as reprogramming factors but also as regulators driving tumorigenesis. Nanog is a transcription factor involved in the maintenance of embryonic stem cells and is one of the reprogramming factors along with Oct4, Sox2, and Lin28. Nanog expression has been detected in different types of tumors, and its expression is a poor prognosis for cancer patients. However, there is no clear evidence that Nanog is functionally involved in tumorigenesis. In this study, we induced overexpression of Nanog in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and subsequently assessed their morphological changes, proliferation rate, and tumor formation ability. We found that Nanog overexpression induced immortalization of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) and increased their proliferation rate in vitro. We also found that formation of tumors after subcutaneous injection of retroviral-Nanog infected MEFs (N-MEFs) into athymic mouse. Cancer-related genes such as Bmi1 were expressed at high levels in N-MEFs. Hence, our results demonstrate that Nanog is able to transform normal somatic cells into tumor cells.
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Shao WF, Li FX, Tang R, Yu XR, Wen QS, Yu YL, Xiong JB. [Nanog promotes the invasion of breast cancer cells by increasing PKCε expression]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2016; 36:639-644. [PMID: 27222177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between Nanog-promoted metastasis of breast cancer and ezrin(T567) phosphorylation, and explore the possible mechanism by which Nanog regulates ezrin(T567) phosphorylation. METHODS A siRNA construct targeting Nanog was transfected in breast cancer cells to knock down Nanog expression, and the changes in the cell invasion was detected using Transwell assay. The expression levels of Nanog and PKC and the phosphorylation level of ezrin(T567) were detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining; the protein interaction between PKCε and ezrin was assayed by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. RESULTS Nanog knockdown significantly decreased the expression of PKCε protein, phosphorylation level of ezrin(T567) and the invasion ability of breast cancer cells. PKCε knockdown obviously decreased the phosphorylation level of ezrin(T567) in the cells, and PKCε and ezrin were co-immunoprecipitated. CONCLUDIONS Nanogcan can upregulate the expression of PKCε to promote the phosphorylation of ezrin(T567), which can be a new mechanism by which Nanog promotes tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Shao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.E-mail: wf_shao @163.com
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Chang TS, Chen CL, Wu YC, Liu JJ, Kuo YC, Lee KF, Lin SY, Lin SE, Tung SY, Kuo LM, Tsai YH, Huang YH. Inflammation Promotes Expression of Stemness-Related Properties in HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149897. [PMID: 26919045 PMCID: PMC4769282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of cancer stemness is believed to reduce the efficacy of current therapies against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Understanding of the stemness-regulating signaling pathways incurred by a specific etiology can facilitate the development of novel targets for individualized therapy against HCC. Niche environments, such as virus-induced inflammation, may play a crucial role. However, the mechanisms linking inflammation and stemness expression in HCC remain unclear. Here we demonstrated the distinct role of inflammatory mediators in expressions of stemness-related properties involving the pluripotent octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) in cell migration and drug resistance of hepatitis B virus-related HCC (HBV-HCC). We observed positive immunorecognition for macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)/CD68 and OCT4/NANOG in HBV-HCC tissues. The inflammation-conditioned medium (inflamed-CM) generated by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 human leukemia cells significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of OCT4/NANOG preferentially in HBV-active (HBV+HBsAg+) HCC cells. The inflamed-CM also increased the side population (SP) cell percentage, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive cell population, and luciferase activity of OCT4 promoter-GFP/luciferase in HBV-active HCC cells. Furthermore, the inflamed-CM upregulated the expressions of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)/IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and activated IGF-IR/Akt signaling in HBV-HCC. The IGF-IR phosphorylation inhibitor picropodophyllin (PPP) suppressed inflamed-CM-induced OCT4 and NANOG levels in HBV+HBsAg+ Hep3B cells. Forced expression of OCT4 significantly increased the secondary sphere formation and cell migration, and reduced susceptibility of HBV-HCC cells to cisplatin, bleomycin, and doxorubicin. Taking together, our results show that niche inflammatory mediators play critical roles in inducing the expression of stemness-related properties involving IGF-IR activation, and the upregulation of OCT4 contributes to cancer migration and drug resistance of HBV-HCC cells. Findings in this paper would provide potential targets for a therapeutic strategy targeting on inflammatory environment for HBV-HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Chemokine CCL2/biosynthesis
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Hep G2 Cells
- Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Homeodomain Proteins/biosynthesis
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/biosynthesis
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Nanog Homeobox Protein
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/biosynthesis
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Podophyllotoxin/analogs & derivatives
- Podophyllotoxin/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spheroids, Cellular
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jen Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung Che Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Fai Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yi Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sey-En Lin
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Yi Tung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Mou Kuo
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Huang Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Zou Q, Wu M, Zhong L, Fan Z, Zhang B, Chen Q, Ma F. Development of a Xeno-Free Feeder-Layer System from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Prolonged Expansion of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Culture. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149023. [PMID: 26882313 PMCID: PMC4755601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various feeder layers have been extensively applied to support the prolonged growth of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for in vitro cultures. Among them, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) and mouse fibroblast cell line (SNL) are most commonly used feeder cells for hPSCs culture. However, these feeder layers from animal usually cause immunogenic contaminations, which compromises the potential of hPSCs in clinical applications. In the present study, we tested human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) as a potent xeno-free feeder system for maintaining human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The hUC-MSCs showed characteristics of MSCs in xeno-free culture condition. On the mitomycin-treated hUC-MSCs feeder, hiPSCs maintained the features of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), such as low efficiency of spontaneous differentiation, stable expression of stemness markers, maintenance of normal karyotypes, in vitro pluripotency and in vivo ability to form teratomas, even after a prolonged culture of more than 30 passages. Our study indicates that the xeno-free culture system may be a good candidate for growth and expansion of hiPSCs as the stepping stone for stem cell research to further develop better and safer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zou
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liwu Zhong
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaoxin Fan
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (FM); (QC)
| | - Feng Ma
- Research Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech INC., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Center for Stem Cell Research & Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- * E-mail: (FM); (QC)
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Ishii A, Kimura T, Sadahiro H, Kawano H, Takubo K, Suzuki M, Ikeda E. Histological Characterization of the Tumorigenic "Peri-Necrotic Niche" Harboring Quiescent Stem-Like Tumor Cells in Glioblastoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147366. [PMID: 26799577 PMCID: PMC4723051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of the niches for stem-like tumor cells is important to understand and control the behavior of glioblastomas. Cell-cycle quiescence might be a common mechanism underlying the long-term maintenance of stem-cell function in normal and neoplastic stem cells, and our previous study demonstrated that quiescence induced by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is associated with a high long-term repopulation capacity of hematopoietic stem cells. Based on this, we examined human astrocytoma tissues for HIF-1α-regulated quiescent stem-like tumor cells as a candidate for long-term tumorigenic cells and characterized their niche histologically. METHODS Multi-color immunohistochemistry was used to visualize HIF-1α-expressing (HIF-1α+) quiescent stem-like tumor cells and their niche in astrocytoma (WHO grade II-IV) tissues. This niche was modeled using spheroids of cultured glioblastoma cells and its contribution to tumorigenicity was evaluated by sphere formation assay. RESULTS A small subpopulation of HIF-1α+ quiescent stem-like tumor cells was found in glioblastomas but not in lower-grade astrocytomas. These cells were concentrated in the zone between large ischemic necroses and blood vessels and were closer to the necrotic tissues than to the blood vessels, which suggested that a moderately hypoxic microenvironment is their niche. We successfully modeled this niche containing cells of HIF-1α+ quiescent stem-like phenotype by incubating glioblastoma cell spheroids under an appropriately hypoxic condition, and the emergence of HIF-1α+ quiescent stem-like cells was shown to be associated with an enhanced sphere-forming activity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the "peri-necrotic niche" harboring HIF-1α+ quiescent stem-like cells confers a higher tumorigenic potential on glioblastoma cells and therefore may be a therapeutic target to control the behavior of glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tokuhiro Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
- * E-mail: (TK); (EI)
| | - Hirokazu Sadahiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kawano
- Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Research Institute National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Eiji Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
- * E-mail: (TK); (EI)
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Qureshi-Baig K, Ullmann P, Rodriguez F, Frasquilho S, Nazarov PV, Haan S, Letellier E. What Do We Learn from Spheroid Culture Systems? Insights from Tumorspheres Derived from Primary Colon Cancer Tissue. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146052. [PMID: 26745821 PMCID: PMC4706382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their self-renewal and tumorigenic properties, tumor-initiating cells (TICs) have been hypothesized to be important targets for colorectal cancer (CRC). However the study of TICs is hampered by the fact that the identification and culturing of TICs is still a subject of extensive debate. Floating three-dimensional spheroid cultures (SC) that grow in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors are supposed to be enriched in TICs. We generated SC from fresh clinical tumor specimens and compared them to SC isolated from CRC cell-lines as well as to adherent differentiated counterparts. Patient-derived SC display self-renewal capacity and can induce serial transplantable tumors in immuno-deficient mice, which phenotypically resemble the tumor of origin. In addition, the original tumor tissue and established SC retain several similar CRC-relevant mutations. Primary SC express key stemness proteins such as SOX2, OCT4, NANOG and LGR5 and importantly show increased chemoresistance ability compared to their adherent differentiated counterparts and to cell line-derived SC. Strikingly, cells derived from spheroid or adherent differentiating culture conditions displayed similar self-renewal capacity and equally formed tumors in immune-deficient mice, suggesting that self-renewal and tumor-initiation capacity of TICs is not restricted to phenotypically immature spheroid cells, which we describe to be highly plastic and able to reacquire stem-cell traits even after long differentiation processes. Finally, we identified two genes among a sphere gene expression signature that predict disease relapse in CRC patients. Here we propose that SC derived from fresh patient tumor tissue present interesting phenotypic features that may have clinical relevance for chemoresistance and disease relapse and therefore represent a valuable tool to test for new CRC-therapies that overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Qureshi-Baig
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Pit Ullmann
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Fabien Rodriguez
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Sónia Frasquilho
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, 6 rue Nicolas Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V. Nazarov
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Genomics Research Unit, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Serge Haan
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Campus Belval, Luxembourg
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Roscigno G, Quintavalle C, Donnarumma E, Puoti I, Diaz-Lagares A, Iaboni M, Fiore D, Russo V, Todaro M, Romano G, Thomas R, Cortino G, Gaggianesi M, Esteller M, Croce CM, Condorelli G. MiR-221 promotes stemness of breast cancer cells by targeting DNMT3b. Oncotarget 2016; 7:580-92. [PMID: 26556862 PMCID: PMC4808019 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small part of the heterogeneous tumor cell population possessing self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential as well as a great ability to sustain tumorigenesis. The molecular pathways underlying CSC phenotype are not yet well characterized. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a powerful role in biological processes. Early studies have linked miRs to the control of self-renewal and differentiation in normal and cancer stem cells. We aimed to study the functional role of miRs in human breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), also named mammospheres. We found that miR-221 was upregulated in BCSCs compared to their differentiated counterpart. Similarly, mammospheres from T47D cells had an increased level of miR-221 compared to differentiated cells. Transfection of miR-221 in T47D cells increased the number of mammospheres and the expression of stem cell markers. Among miR-221's targets, we identified DNMT3b. Furthermore, in BCSCs we found that DNMT3b repressed the expression of various stemness genes, such as Nanog and Oct 3/4, acting on the methylation of their promoters, partially reverting the effect of miR-221 on stemness. We hypothesize that miR-221 contributes to breast cancer tumorigenicity by regulating stemness, at least in part through the control of DNMT3b expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Roscigno
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Puoti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Epigenetic and Cancer Biology Program (PEBC) IDIBELL, Hospital Duran I Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margherita Iaboni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Fiore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Russo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Romano
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Renato Thomas
- Department of Surgical and Oncology, Clinica Mediterranea, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Cortino
- Department of Surgical and Oncology, Clinica Mediterranea, Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology Laboratory, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manel Esteller
- Epigenetic and Cancer Biology Program (PEBC) IDIBELL, Hospital Duran I Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, Naples, Italy
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10
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Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be directly generated from somatic cells by overexpression of defined transcription factors. iPS cells can perpetually self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of an organism. iPS cells were first generated through infection with retroviruses that contain reprogramming factors. However, development of an exogene-free iPS cell generation method is crucial for future therapeutic applications, because integrated exogenes result in the formation of tumors in chimeras and regain pluripotency after differentiation in vitro. Here, we describe a method to generate iPS cells by transfection of plasmid vectors and to convert partially reprogrammed cells into fully reprogrammed iPS cells by switching from mouse ESC culture conditions to KOSR-based media with bFGF. We also describe basic methods used to characterize fully reprogrammed iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soo Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yean Ju Hong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, 120 Neungdong-Ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea.
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11
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Abstract
Somatic cell reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a revolutionary technology, with repercussions affecting modern functional genomics and regenerative medicine. Still, relatively little is known about the processes underlying this dramatic cellular and molecular metamorphosis. Reprogramming technology based on the implementation of piggyBac (PB) transposons has enabled studies of iPSC reprogramming mechanisms, shedding an increasing light on these processes. Unique characteristics of PB transposons such as efficient genomic integration, unlimited cargo capacity, robust gene expression, and even seamless excision highlight the importance of this transgenic tool in advancing stem cell biology. In this chapter, we provide a detailed overview of versatile primary iPSC generation from mouse somatic cells using PB transposons, and the subsequent establishment of robust secondary reprogramming systems. These protocols are highlighted with examples from recent studies as to how PB has been, and continues to be, conducive to the dissection of reprogramming processes at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Woltjen
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shin-Il Kim
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Andras Nagy
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
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12
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Abstract
Human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) present an attractive source of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are expected to be a powerful tool for regenerative dentistry. However, problems to be addressed prior to clinical application include the use of animal-derived feeder cells for cultures. The aim of this study was to establish an autologous hGF-derived iPSC (hGF-iPSC) culture system by evaluating the feeder ability of hGFs. In both serum-containing and serum-free media, hGFs showed higher proliferation than human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs). Three hGF strains were isolated under serum-free conditions, although 2 showed impaired proliferation. When hGF-iPSCs were transferred onto mitomycin C-inactivated hGFs, hDFs, or mouse-derived SNL feeders, hGF and SNL feeders were clearly hGF-iPSC supportive for more than 50 passages, whereas hDF feeders were only able to maintain undifferentiated hGF-iPSC growth for a few passages. After 20 passages on hGF feeders, embryonic stem cell marker expression and CpG methylation at the NANOG and OCT3/4 promoters were similar for hGF-iPSCs cultured on hGF and SNL feeder cells. Long-term cultures of hGF-iPSCs on hGF feeders sustained their normal karyotype and pluripotency. On hGF feeders, hGF-iPSC colonies were surrounded by many colony-derived fibroblast-like cells, and the size of intact colonies at 7 d after passage was significantly larger than that on SNL feeders. Allogeneic hGF strains also maintained hGF-iPSCs for 10 passages. Compared with hDFs, hGFs showed a higher production of laminin-332, laminin α5 chain, and insulin-like growth factor-II, which have been reported to sustain the long-term self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells. These results suggest that hGFs possess an excellent feeder capability and thus can be used as alternatives to conventional mouse-derived SNL and hDF feeders. In addition, our findings suggest that hGF feeders are promising candidates for animal component-free ex vivo expansion of autologous hGF-iPSCs, thus providing an important step toward the future therapeutic application of hGF-iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yu
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - H Okawa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - K Okita
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Kamano
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - F Wang
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - M Saeki
- Division of Dental Pharmacology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - H Yatani
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - H Egusa
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Pezzarossa A, Guedes AMV, Henrique D, Abranches E. Imaging Pluripotency: Time-Lapse Analysis of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1341:87-100. [PMID: 26162772 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2015_255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The current view of the pluripotent state is that of a transient, dynamic state, maintained by the balance between opposing cues. Understanding how this dynamic state is established in pluripotent cells and how it relates to gene expression is essential to obtain a more detailed description of the pluripotent state.In this chapter, we describe how to study the dynamic expression of a core pluripotency gene regulator-Nanog-by exploiting single-cell time-lapse imaging of a reporter mESC line grown in different cell culture media. We further describe an automated image analysis method and discuss how to extract information from the generated quantitative time-course data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pezzarossa
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular and Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M V Guedes
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular and Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasilia-Doca de Pedrouços, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Domingos Henrique
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular and Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasilia-Doca de Pedrouços, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elsa Abranches
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Medicina Molecular and Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasilia-Doca de Pedrouços, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal.
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14
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Yu AQ, Li CL, Yang Y, Yan SR. [The Effect of TALENs-mediated Downregulation Expression of Nanog on Malignant Behavior of Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2016; 47:23-27. [PMID: 27062776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of downregulation expression of Nanog on malignant behavior of cervical cancer HeLa cells. METHODS Gene editing tool TALENs was employed to induce downregulation expression of Nanog, and Nanog mutation was evaluated by sequencing. RT-PCR and Western blot was used to detect the mRNA and protein expression level, respectively. Colony-formation assay, Transwell invasion assay, and chemotherapy sensibility assay was carried out to assess the capacity of colony-formation, invasion, and chemoresistance, respectively. RESULTS TALENs successfully induced Nanog mutation and downregulated Nanog expression. Nanog mRNA and protein expression of Nanog-mutated monoclonal HeLa cells downregulated 3 times compared to thoses of wild-type HeLa cells (P < 0.05). Additionally, significant weakened abilities of colony-formation, invasion, and chemoresistance in monoclonal HeLa cells were observed when compared to those of wild-type HeLa cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nanog mutation attenuates the malignant behavior of HeLa cells. Importantly, downregulation or silencing of Nanog is promising to be a novel strategy for the treatment of cervical carcinoma.
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15
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Solari C, Vázquez Echegaray C, Cosentino MS, Petrone MV, Waisman A, Luzzani C, Francia M, Villodre E, Lenz G, Miriuka S, Barañao L, Guberman A. Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene Expression Is Induced by Nanog and Oct4, Essential Pluripotent Stem Cells' Transcription Factors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144336. [PMID: 26642061 PMCID: PMC4671669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells possess complex systems that protect them from oxidative stress and ensure genomic stability, vital for their role in development. Even though it has been reported that antioxidant activity diminishes along stem cell differentiation, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of the involved genes. The reported modulation of some of these genes led us to hypothesize that some of them could be regulated by the transcription factors critical for self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this work, we studied the expression profile of multiple genes involved in antioxidant defense systems in both ESCs and iPSCs. We found that Manganese superoxide dismutase gene (Mn-Sod/Sod2) was repressed during diverse differentiation protocols showing an expression pattern similar to Nanog gene. Moreover, Sod2 promoter activity was induced by Oct4 and Nanog when we performed a transactivation assay using two different reporter constructions. Finally, we studied Sod2 gene regulation by modulating the expression of Oct4 and Nanog in ESCs by shRNAs and found that downregulation of any of them reduced Sod2 expression. Our results indicate that pluripotency transcription factors positively modulate Sod2 gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Solari
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Vázquez Echegaray
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Soledad Cosentino
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Petrone
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Waisman
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Luzzani
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Francia
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilly Villodre
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular, Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Santiago Miriuka
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada a las Neurociencias (LIAN), Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lino Barañao
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Guberman
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica en Células Madre, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica (IQUIBICEN), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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16
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Siddique HR, Feldman DE, Chen CL, Punj V, Tokumitsu H, Machida K. NUMB phosphorylation destabilizes p53 and promotes self-renewal of tumor-initiating cells by a NANOG-dependent mechanism in liver cancer. Hepatology 2015; 62:1466-79. [PMID: 26174965 PMCID: PMC4618247 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Stem cell populations are maintained through self-renewing divisions in which one daughter cell commits to a particular fate whereas the other retains the multipotent characteristics of its parent. The NUMB, a tumor suppressor, in conjunction with another tumor-suppressor protein, p53, preserves this property and acts as a barrier against deregulated expansion of tumor-associated stem cells. In this context, NUMB-p53 interaction plays a crucial role to maintain the proper homeostasis of both stem cells, as well as differentiated cells. Because the molecular mechanism governing the assembly and stability of the NUMB-p53 interaction/complex are poorly understood, we tried to identify the molecule(s) that govern this process. Using cancer cell lines, tumor-initiating cells (TICs) of liver, the mouse model, and clinical samples, we identified that phosphorylations of NUMB destabilize p53 and promote self-renewal of TICs in a pluripotency-associated transcription factor NANOG-dependent manner. NANOG phosphorylates NUMB by atypical protein kinase C zeta (aPKCζ), through the direct induction of Aurora A kinase (AURKA) and the repression of an aPKCζ inhibitor, lethal (2) giant larvae. By radioactivity-based kinase activity assays, we showed that NANOG enhances kinase activities of both AURKA and aPKCζ, an important upstream process for NUMB phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of NUMB by aPKCζ destabilizes the NUMB-p53 interaction and p53 proteolysis and deregulates self-renewal in TICs. CONCLUSION Post-translational modification of NUMB by the NANOG-AURKA-aPKCζ pathway is an important event in TIC self-renewal and tumorigenesis. Hence, the NANOG-NUMB-p53 signaling axis is an important regulatory pathway for TIC events in TIC self-renewal and liver tumorigenesis, suggesting a therapeutic strategy by targeting NUMB phosphorylation. Further in-depth in vivo and clinical studies are warranted to verify this suggestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hifzur R. Siddique
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
| | - Douglas E. Feldman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
| | - Chia-Lin Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
| | - Vasu Punj
- Division of Hematology and Bioinformatics Core, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Tokumitsu
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Keigo Machida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis
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17
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Economou C, Tsakiridis A, Wymeersch FJ, Gordon-Keylock S, Dewhurst RE, Fisher D, Medvinsky A, Smith AJH, Wilson V. Intrinsic factors and the embryonic environment influence the formation of extragonadal teratomas during gestation. BMC Dev Biol 2015; 15:35. [PMID: 26453549 PMCID: PMC4599726 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-015-0084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pluripotent cells are present in early embryos until the levels of the pluripotency regulator Oct4 drop at the beginning of somitogenesis. Elevating Oct4 levels in explanted post-pluripotent cells in vitro restores their pluripotency. Cultured pluripotent cells can participate in normal development when introduced into host embryos up to the end of gastrulation. In contrast, pluripotent cells efficiently seed malignant teratocarcinomas in adult animals. In humans, extragonadal teratomas and teratocarcinomas are most frequently found in the sacrococcygeal region of neonates, suggesting that these tumours originate from cells in the posterior of the embryo that either reactivate or fail to switch off their pluripotent status. However, experimental models for the persistence or reactivation of pluripotency during embryonic development are lacking. METHODS We manually injected embryonic stem cells into conceptuses at E9.5 to test whether the presence of pluripotent cells at this stage correlates with teratocarcinoma formation. We then examined the effects of reactivating embryonic Oct4 expression ubiquitously or in combination with Nanog within the primitive streak (PS)/tail bud (TB) using a transgenic mouse line and embryo chimeras carrying a PS/TB-specific heterologous gene expression cassette respectively. RESULTS Here, we show that pluripotent cells seed teratomas in post-gastrulation embryos. However, at these stages, induced ubiquitous expression of Oct4 does not lead to restoration of pluripotency (indicated by Nanog expression) and tumour formation in utero, but instead causes a severe phenotype in the extending anteroposterior axis. Use of a more restricted T(Bra) promoter transgenic system enabling inducible ectopic expression of Oct4 and Nanog specifically in the posteriorly-located primitive streak (PS) and tail bud (TB) led to similar axial malformations to those induced by Oct4 alone. These cells underwent induction of pluripotency marker expression in Epiblast Stem Cell (EpiSC) explants derived from somitogenesis-stage embryos, but no teratocarcinoma formation was observed in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that although pluripotent cells with teratocarcinogenic potential can be produced in vitro by the overexpression of pluripotency regulators in explanted somitogenesis-stage somatic cells, the in vivo induction of these genes does not yield tumours. This suggests a restrictive regulatory role of the embryonic microenvironment in the induction of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Economou
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Anestis Tsakiridis
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Filip J Wymeersch
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sabrina Gordon-Keylock
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Robert E Dewhurst
- Drug Discovery Unit, Telethon Kids Institute, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia
| | - Dawn Fisher
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Andrew J H Smith
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Valerie Wilson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, SCRM Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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18
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Filipczyk A, Marr C, Hastreiter S, Feigelman J, Schwarzfischer M, Hoppe PS, Loeffler D, Kokkaliaris KD, Endele M, Schauberger B, Hilsenbeck O, Skylaki S, Hasenauer J, Anastassiadis K, Theis FJ, Schroeder T. Network plasticity of pluripotency transcription factors in embryonic stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1235-46. [PMID: 26389663 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor (TF) networks are thought to regulate embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency. However, TF expression dynamics and regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. We use reporter mouse ESC lines allowing non-invasive quantification of Nanog or Oct4 protein levels and continuous long-term single-cell tracking and quantification over many generations to reveal diverse TF protein expression dynamics. For cells with low Nanog expression, we identified two distinct colony types: one re-expressed Nanog in a mosaic pattern, and the other did not re-express Nanog over many generations. Although both expressed pluripotency markers, they exhibited differences in their TF protein correlation networks and differentiation propensities. Sister cell analysis revealed that differences in Nanog levels are not necessarily accompanied by differences in the expression of other pluripotency factors. Thus, regulatory interactions of pluripotency TFs are less stringently implemented in individual self-renewing ESCs than assumed at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Filipczyk
- Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Marr
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Hastreiter
- Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Justin Feigelman
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarzfischer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Philipp S Hoppe
- Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Loeffler
- Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konstantinos D Kokkaliaris
- Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Endele
- Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Schauberger
- Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hilsenbeck
- Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stavroula Skylaki
- Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Center for Mathematics, Chair of Mathematical Modelling of Biological Systems, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Center for Mathematics, Chair of Mathematical Modelling of Biological Systems, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Research Unit Stem Cell Dynamics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Mato Prado
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Adam E Frampton
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK HPB Surgical Unit, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Krell
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenomyosis is a proliferative uterine dysfunction with unknown aetiology. One possible mechanism of its development involves disturbances in stem cell differentiation in uterine tissue. Previously, we identified pluripotent/multipotent cells in the bovine uterus, therefore our present study focused on determining expression of pluripotency markers, NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2, in bovine adenomyotic tissues and cells. FINDINGS Immunolocalisation revealed protein expression of NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 in both normal and adenomyotic uteri. mRNA expression for NANOG and OCT4 was increased in tissues obtained from uteri with adenomyosis compared to controls, but at the protein level there were no significant differences. mRNA expression for all three pluripotency markers was higher in myometrial cells isolated from uteri with adenomyotic lesions than in those isolated from normal uteri. The protein level of NANOG and SOX2 was decreased in stromal cells from adenomyotic tissues, whereas the level of OCT4 and SOX2 was increased in myometrial cells obtained from dysfunctional uteri. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate significant changes in expression of pluripotency markers in adenomyotic compared to normal uteri, which suggest the involvement of uterine stem cells in adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Łupicka
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Barbara Socha
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Agata Szczepańska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Korzekwa
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
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21
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Friend K, Brooks HA, Propson NE, Thomson JA, Kimble J. Embryonic Stem Cell Growth Factors Regulate eIF2α Phosphorylation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139076. [PMID: 26406898 PMCID: PMC4583406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors and transcription factors are well known to regulate pluripotent stem cells, but less is known about translational control in stem cells. Here, we use embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to investigate a connection between ESC growth factors and eIF2α-mediated translational control (eIF2α phosphorylation promotes protein expression from mRNAs with upstream open-reading frames, or uORFs). We find abundant phosphorylated P-eIF2α (P-eIF2α) in both pluripotent mouse and human ESCs, but little P-eIF2α in ESCs triggered to differentiate. We show that the growth factors LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) and BMP4 (bone morphogenic protein 4) both maintain P-eIF2α in mESCs, but use distinct mechanisms: LIF inhibits an eIF2α phosphatase whereas BMP4 activates an eIF2α kinase. The mRNAs encoding the pluripotency factors Nanog and c-Myc possess uORFs while Oct4 mRNA does not. We find that salubrinal, a chemical that increases eIF2α phosphorylation, promotes Nanog and c-Myc expression, but not Oct4 expression. These experiments connect ESC growth factors to eIF2α phosphorylation and suggest a chemical substitute for LIF to enhance Nanog and c-Myc expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Friend
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, 24450, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KF); (JK)
| | - Hunter A. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, 24450, United States of America
| | - Nicholas E. Propson
- The Morgridge Institute for Research, 309 North Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53715, United States of America
| | - James A. Thomson
- The Morgridge Institute for Research, 309 North Orchard Street, Madison, Wisconsin, 53715, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
| | - Judith Kimble
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KF); (JK)
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22
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Alberti L, Losi L, Leyvraz S, Benhattar J. Different Effects of BORIS/CTCFL on Stemness Gene Expression, Sphere Formation and Cell Survival in Epithelial Cancer Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132977. [PMID: 26185996 PMCID: PMC4506091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are cancer cells characterized by stem cell properties and represent a small population of tumor cells that drives tumor development, progression, metastasis and drug resistance. To date, the molecular mechanisms that generate and regulate cancer stem cells are not well defined. BORIS (Brother of Regulator of Imprinted Sites) or CTCFL (CTCF-like) is a DNA-binding protein that is expressed in normal tissues only in germ cells and is re-activated in tumors. Recent evidences have highlighted the correlation of BORIS/CTCFL expression with poor overall survival of different cancer patients. We have previously shown an association of BORIS-expressing cells with stemness gene expression in embryonic cancer cells. Here, we studied the role of BORIS in epithelial tumor cells. Using BORIS-molecular beacon that was already validated, we were able to show the presence of BORIS mRNA in cancer stem cell-enriched populations (side population and spheres) of cervical, colon and breast tumor cells. BORIS silencing studies showed a decrease of sphere formation capacity in breast and colon tumor cells. Importantly, BORIS-silencing led to down-regulation of hTERT, stem cell (NANOG, OCT4, SOX2 and BMI1) and cancer stem cell markers (ABCG2, CD44 and ALDH1) genes. Conversely, BORIS-induction led to up-regulation of the same genes. These phenotypes were observed in cervical, colon and invasive breast tumor cells. However, a completely different behavior was observed in the non-invasive breast tumor cells (MCF7). Indeed, these cells acquired an epithelial mesenchymal transition phenotype after BORIS silencing. Our results demonstrate that BORIS is associated with cancer stem cell-enriched populations of several epithelial tumor cells and the different phenotypes depend on the origin of tumor cells.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Nanog Homeobox Protein
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics
- Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism
- Organ Specificity
- Phenotype
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/genetics
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Retinal Dehydrogenase/genetics
- Retinal Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/genetics
- SOXB1 Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Telomerase/genetics
- Telomerase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Alberti
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorena Losi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Serge Leyvraz
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean Benhattar
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Biopath Lab, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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23
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Liu Y, Wang C, Jiang Z. [The expression of retrogene Nanogp8 is related to the biological characteristics of human SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015; 31:763-768. [PMID: 26062418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of NANOGP8 on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion and migration of human SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. METHODS Eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-NANOGP8 and recombinant plasmid shRNA-NANOGP8 were constructed and confirmed by enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis. Then, vector pEGFP-N1-NANOGP8 and recombinant plasmid shRNA-NANOGP8 were transfected into SGC-7901 cells via liposome. The expression of NANOGP8 mRNA and protein were tested by fluorescence microscopy, reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The proliferation of SGC-7901 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis and cell cycle were examined by flow cytometry. TranswellTM assay proved the changes in the invasion and migration abilities of SGC-7901 cells. RESULTS The recombinant plasmids pEGEP-N1-NANOGP8 and pshRNA-NANOGP8 were constructed successfully and transfected into gastric cancer cells. pEGEP-N1-NANOGP8 transfection group showed high expression of NANOGP8, conversely, pshRNA-NANOGP8 transfection group showed low expression of NANOGP8. High expression of NANOGP8 significantly promoted the proliferation of tumor cells, arrested cells cycle in the S phase, decreased apoptotic cells and increased cell invasion and migration obviously. While the low expression group presented with inhibited cell proliferation, cell-cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited migration and invasion. CONCLUSION The transcription and expression of retrogene NANOGP8 has a close relationship with the proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion of SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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24
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Gokhale PJ, Au-Young JK, Dadi S, Keys DN, Harrison NJ, Jones M, Soneji S, Enver T, Sherlock JK, Andrews PW. Culture adaptation alters transcriptional hierarchies among single human embryonic stem cells reflecting altered patterns of differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123467. [PMID: 25875838 PMCID: PMC4397016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used single cell transcriptome analysis to re-examine the substates of early passage, karyotypically Normal, and late passage, karyotypically Abnormal (‘Culture Adapted’) human embryonic stem cells characterized by differential expression of the cell surface marker antigen, SSEA3. The results confirmed that culture adaptation is associated with alterations to the dynamics of the SSEA3(+) and SSEA3(-) substates of these cells, with SSEA3(-) Adapted cells remaining within the stem cell compartment whereas the SSEA3(-) Normal cells appear to have differentiated. However, the single cell data reveal that these substates are characterized by further heterogeneity that changes on culture adaptation. Notably the Adapted population includes cells with a transcriptome substate suggestive of a shift to a more naïve-like phenotype in contrast to the cells of the Normal population. Further, a subset of the Normal SSEA3(+) cells expresses genes typical of endoderm differentiation, despite also expressing the undifferentiated stem cell genes, POU5F1 (OCT4) and NANOG, whereas such apparently lineage-primed cells are absent from the Adapted population. These results suggest that the selective growth advantage gained by genetically variant, culture adapted human embryonic stem cells may derive in part from a changed substate structure that influences their propensity for differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Gokhale
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - SriVidya Dadi
- ThermoFisher, Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - David N. Keys
- ThermoFisher, Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Neil J. Harrison
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Jones
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Enver
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jon K. Sherlock
- ThermoFisher, Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Andrews
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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25
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Bertero A, Madrigal P, Galli A, Hubner NC, Moreno I, Burks D, Brown S, Pedersen RA, Gaffney D, Mendjan S, Pauklin S, Vallier L. Activin/nodal signaling and NANOG orchestrate human embryonic stem cell fate decisions by controlling the H3K4me3 chromatin mark. Genes Dev 2015; 29:702-17. [PMID: 25805847 PMCID: PMC4387713 DOI: 10.1101/gad.255984.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types. These characteristics are maintained by the combination of specific signaling pathways and transcription factors that cooperate to establish a unique epigenetic state. Despite the broad interest of these mechanisms, the precise molecular controls by which extracellular signals organize epigenetic marks to confer multipotency remain to be uncovered. Here, we use human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to show that the Activin-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway cooperates with the core pluripotency factor NANOG to recruit the DPY30-COMPASS histone modifiers onto key developmental genes. Functional studies demonstrate the importance of these interactions for correct histone 3 Lys4 trimethylation and also self-renewal and differentiation. Finally, genetic studies in mice show that Dpy30 is also necessary to maintain pluripotency in the pregastrulation embryo, thereby confirming the existence of similar regulations in vivo during early embryonic development. Our results reveal the mechanisms by which extracellular factors coordinate chromatin status and cell fate decisions in hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bertero
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Madrigal
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Galli
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Nina C Hubner
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Deborah Burks
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Stephanie Brown
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Roger A Pedersen
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Gaffney
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Siim Pauklin
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Stem Cell Institute Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;
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26
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Kranc KR, Oliveira DV, Armesilla-Diaz A, Pacheco-Leyva I, Catarina Matias A, Luisa Escapa A, Subramani C, Wheadon H, Trindade M, Nichols J, Kaji K, Enver T, Bragança J. Acute loss of Cited2 impairs Nanog expression and decreases self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2015; 33:699-712. [PMID: 25377420 PMCID: PMC4583779 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Identifying novel players of the pluripotency gene regulatory network centered on Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog as well as delineating the interactions within the complex network is key to understanding self-renewal and early cell fate commitment of embryonic stem cells (ESC). While overexpression of the transcriptional regulator Cited2 sustains ESC pluripotency, its role in ESC functions remains unclear. Here, we show that Cited2 is important for proliferation, survival, and self-renewal of mouse ESC. We position Cited2 within the pluripotency gene regulatory network by defining Nanog, Tbx3, and Klf4 as its direct targets. We also demonstrate that the defects caused by Cited2 depletion are, at least in part, rescued by Nanog constitutive expression. Finally, we demonstrate that Cited2 is required for and enhances reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil R Kranc
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel V Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | | | - Ivette Pacheco-Leyva
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Matias
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | - Ana Luisa Escapa
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | - Chithra Subramani
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel General HospitalGlasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marlene Trindade
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of CambridgeTennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keisuke Kaji
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Enver
- Stem Cell Laboratory, UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, London, United Kingdom
| | - José Bragança
- Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do AlgarveFaro, Portugal
- IBB-Centro de Biomedicina Molecular e Estrutural, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de GambelasFaro, Portugal
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27
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Panova IG, Markitantova YV, Smirnova YA, Zinovieva RD. [Molecular-genetic mechanisms of cornea morphogenesis]. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol 2015:117-26. [PMID: 26021153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we analyzed our own results and published data on the expression of regulatory genes encoding transcription factors Pax6/PAX6, Pitx2/PITX2, Fox1/FOXC1, Prox1/PROX1, Oct4/OCT4, Nanog/NANOG, and TGFβ2 signaling protein during morphogenesis of the cornea in vertebrates. We considered the results obtained for the cornea of model animals, primarily mice, and human fetal cornea. The main possibility of establishing common mechanisms of eye development in vertebrates in health and disease is comparative studies of eye morphogenesis of humans and animal models.
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28
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Wu JK, Kitajewski C, Reiley M, Keung CH, Monteagudo J, Andrews JP, Liou P, Thirumoorthi A, Wong A, Kandel JJ, Shawber CJ. Aberrant lymphatic endothelial progenitors in lymphatic malformation development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117352. [PMID: 25719418 PMCID: PMC4342011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are vascular anomalies thought to arise from dysregulated lymphangiogenesis. These lesions impose a significant burden of disease on affected individuals. LM pathobiology is poorly understood, hindering the development of effective treatments. In the present studies, immunostaining of LM tissues revealed that endothelial cells lining aberrant lymphatic vessels and cells in the surrounding stroma expressed the stem cell marker, CD133, and the lymphatic endothelial protein, podoplanin. Isolated patient-derived CD133+ LM cells expressed stem cell genes (NANOG, Oct4), circulating endothelial cell precursor proteins (CD90, CD146, c-Kit, VEGFR-2), and lymphatic endothelial proteins (podoplanin, VEGFR-3). Consistent with a progenitor cell identity, CD133+ LM cells were multipotent and could be differentiated into fat, bone, smooth muscle, and lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro. CD133+ cells were compared to CD133− cells isolated from LM fluids. CD133− LM cells had lower expression of stem cell genes, but expressed circulating endothelial precursor proteins and high levels of lymphatic endothelial proteins, VE-cadherin, CD31, podoplanin, VEGFR-3 and Prox1. CD133− LM cells were not multipotent, consistent with a differentiated lymphatic endothelial cell phenotype. In a mouse xenograft model, CD133+ LM cells differentiated into lymphatic endothelial cells that formed irregularly dilated lymphatic channels, phenocopying human LMs. In vivo, CD133+ LM cells acquired expression of differentiated lymphatic endothelial cell proteins, podoplanin, LYVE1, Prox1, and VEGFR-3, comparable to expression found in LM patient tissues. Taken together, these data identify a novel LM progenitor cell population that differentiates to form the abnormal lymphatic structures characteristic of these lesions, recapitulating the human LM phenotype. This LM progenitor cell population may contribute to the clinically refractory behavior of LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- June K Wu
- Department of Surgery, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher Kitajewski
- Department of Ob/Gyn, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maia Reiley
- Department of Ob/Gyn, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Connie H Keung
- Department of Surgery, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Julie Monteagudo
- Department of Surgery, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John P Andrews
- Department of Surgery, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter Liou
- Department of Surgery, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Arul Thirumoorthi
- Department of Surgery, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alvin Wong
- Department of Surgery, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jessica J Kandel
- Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Carrie J Shawber
- Department of Surgery, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America; Department of Ob/Gyn, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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29
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Li K, Jiang Z. [Lentiviral vector-mediated Nanog short-hairpin RNA inhibits the growth of human gastric carcinoma xenograft in nude mice]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015; 31:18-22. [PMID: 25575052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct lentiviral vector that interferes with Nanog, investigate its expression in human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901-transplanted nude mice, and explore the effect of shRNA-Nanog transfection on the growth of the xenograft in mice. METHODS Lentivirus carrying shRNA-Nanog was prepared by incorporating previously validated siRNA into Nanog gene specific lentiviral vectors. The models of human gastric cancer transplantation were constructed in nude mice. The mouse models were randomly divided into lentivirus-shRNA-Nanog transfection group (experimental group), GFP infection group (empty vector group) and uninfected group (control group). The tumor volume and mass changes were measured. Small animal in vivo imaging was employed to examine the fluorescent intensity and tumor metastasis. The Nanog protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. The apoptosis of transinfected tumor cells was analyzed by TUNEL method. Results The gene sequencing demonstrated that the recombinant lentivirus carrying shRNA-Nanog was successfully established. In vivo imaging showed that 27 days after transfection, the total fluorescent intensity in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the empty vector group or the uninfected group. The xenograft volume and mass in the experimental group decreased significantly as compared with those in the empty vector group or the uninfected group. Western blotting indicated that the expression of Nanog protein in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the empty vector or uninfected group. TUNEL results revealed that the apoptosis rate in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the empty vector group and the uninfected group. CONCLUSION We successfully established Nanog gene-shRNA expression vector and capsulated it as lentivirus particles, which could inhibit the growth of xenograft in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Slater JA, Zhou S, Puscheck EE, Rappolee DA. Stress-induced enzyme activation primes murine embryonic stem cells to differentiate toward the first extraembryonic lineage. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:3049-64. [PMID: 25144240 PMCID: PMC4267551 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular stresses influence transcription factor (TF) expression and therefore lineage identity in the peri-implantation mouse embryo and its stem cells. This potentially affects pregnancy outcome. To understand the effects of stress signaling during this critical period of pregnancy, we exposed cultured murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to hyperosmotic stress. We then measured stress-enzyme-dependent regulation of key pluripotency and lineage TFs. Hyperosmotic stress slowed mESC accumulation due to slowing of the cell cycle over 72 h, after a small apoptotic response within 12 h. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzymatic signaling was responsible for stem cell survival under stressed conditions. Stress initially triggered mESC differentiation after 4 h through MEK1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and PI3K enzymatic signaling, which led to proteasomal degradation of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Rex1 TF proteins. Concurrent with this post-transcriptional effect was the decreased accumulation of potency TF mRNA transcripts. After 12-24 h of stress, cells adapted, cell cycle resumed, and Oct4 and Nanog mRNA and protein expression returned to approximately normal levels. The TF protein recovery was mediated by p38MAPK and PI3K signaling, as well as by MEK2 and/or MEK1. However, due to JNK signaling, Rex1 expression did not recover. Probing for downstream lineages revealed that although mESCs did not differentiate morphologically during 24 h of stress, they were primed to differentiate by upregulating markers of the first lineage differentiating from mESCs, extraembryonic endoderm. Thus, although two to three TFs that mark pluripotency recover expression by 24 h of stress, there is nonetheless sustained Rex1 suppression and a priming of mESCs for differentiation to the earliest lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Slater
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Program for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sichang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Program for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth Ella Puscheck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Daniel A. Rappolee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Program for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Institutes for Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Joo BS, Jung IK, Park MJ, Joo JK, Kim KH, Lee KS. Differential expression of pluripotent and germ cell markers in ovarian surface epithelium according to age in female mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:113. [PMID: 25421381 PMCID: PMC4280751 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have proposed that putative ovarian stem cells (OSCs) derived from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) layer of adult mammalian ovaries can produce oocytes. Few studies have reported that ovaries of aged mammalian females including mice and women possess rare premeiotic germ cells that can generate oocytes. However, no studies have reported the changes of OSCs according to the age of the female. Therefore, this study evaluated pluripotent and germ cell marker expression in the intact ovary, scraped OSE, and postcultured OSE according to age in female mice. METHODS C57BL/6 female mice of 2 age groups (6-8 and 28-31 weeks) were superovulated by injection with 5 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Both ovaries were removed after 48 hours and scrapped to obtain OSE. Gene expressions of pluripotent (Oct-4, Sox-2, Nanog) and germ cell markers (c-Kit, GDF-9, and VASA) were evaluated by RT-PCR. VASA and GDF-9 were immune-localized in oocyte-like structures. RESULTS Expressions of germ cell markers in the intact ovary were significantly decreased in aged females, whereas expressions of pluripotent markers were not detected, regardless of age. Scraped OSE expression of all pluripotent and germ cell markers, except for c-Kit, was similar between both age groups. Three weeks postcultured OSE had significantly decreased expression of GDF-9 and VASA , but not c-Kit, in old mice, as compared to young mice; however there was no difference in the expression of other genes. The number of positively stained Oct-4 by immunohistochemistry in postcultured OSE was 2.5 times higher in young mice than aged mice. Oocyte-like structure was spontaneously produced in postcultured OSE. However, while that of young mice revealed a prominent nucleus, zona pellucida-like structure and cytoplasmic organelles, these features were not observed in old mice. CONCLUSIONS These results show that aged female mice have putative OSCs in OSE, but their differentiation potential, as well as the number of OSCs differs from those of young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun Joo
- Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - In Kook Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Jung Park
- Research Center for Anti-Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong Kil Joo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Hyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyu-Sup Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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El-Merahbi R, Liu YN, Eid A, Daoud G, Hosry L, Monzer A, Mouhieddine TH, Hamade A, Najjar F, Abou-Kheir W. Berberis libanotica Ehrenb extract shows anti-neoplastic effects on prostate cancer stem/progenitor cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112453. [PMID: 25380390 PMCID: PMC4224486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), including those of advanced prostate cancer, are a suggested reason for tumor resistance toward conventional tumor therapy. Therefore, new therapeutic agents are urgently needed for targeting CSCs. Despite the minimal understanding of their modes of action, natural products and herbal therapies have been commonly used in the prevention and treatment of many cancers. Berberis libanotica Ehrenb (BLE) is a plant rich in alkaloids which may possess anti-cancer activity and a high potential for eliminating CSCs. We tested the effect of BLE on prostate cancer cells and our data indicated that this extract induced significant reduction in cell viability and inhibited the proliferation of human prostate cancer cell lines (DU145, PC3 and 22Rv1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. BLE extract induced a perturbation of the cell cycle, leading to a G0-G1 arrest. Furthermore, we noted 50% cell death, characterized by the production of high levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS). Inhibition of cellular migration and invasion was also achieved upon treatment with BLE extract, suggesting a role in inhibiting metastasis. Interestingly, BLE extract had a major effect on CSCs. Cells were grown in a 3D sphere-formation assay to enrich for a population of cancer stem/progenitor cells. Our results showed a significant reduction in sphere formation ability. Three rounds of treatment with BLE extract were sufficient to eradicate the self-renewal ability of highly resistant CSCs. In conclusion, our results suggest a high therapeutic potential of BLE extract in targeting prostate cancer and its CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih El-Merahbi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yen-Nien Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Assaad Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Daoud
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leina Hosry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Alissar Monzer
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tarek H. Mouhieddine
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aline Hamade
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (WAK); (FN); (AH)
| | - Fadia Najjar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (WAK); (FN); (AH)
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- * E-mail: (WAK); (FN); (AH)
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David BG, Okamoto K, Kakizuka T, Ichimura T, Watanabe TM, Fujita H. Gene dynamics of core transcription factors for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 119:406-9. [PMID: 25441442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency is maintained by core transcription factors (TFs). Although the expression of these TFs is well documented, their expression dynamics is poorly evaluated. Here, we visualized the dynamics of Nanog and Oct3/4 expression in ESC using fluorescent reporters and found that expression of these TFs change dramatically during culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit G David
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuko Okamoto
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Riken, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Taishi Kakizuka
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taro Ichimura
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Riken, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Tomonobu M Watanabe
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Riken, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujita
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Riken, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan; WPI, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Kregel S, Szmulewitz RZ, Vander Griend DJ. The pluripotency factor Nanog is directly upregulated by the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2014; 74:1530-43. [PMID: 25175748 PMCID: PMC4174985 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Androgen Receptor (AR) is a nuclear hormone receptor that functions as a critical oncogene in all stages of prostate cancer progression, including progression to castration-resistance following androgen-deprivation therapy. Thus, identifying and targeting critical AR-regulated genes is one potential method to block castration-resistant cancer proliferation. Of particular importance are transcription factors that regulate stem cell pluripotency; many of these genes are emerging as critical oncogenes in numerous tumor cell types. Of these, Nanog has been previously shown to increase the self-renewal and stem-like properties of prostate cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesized that Nanog is a candidate AR target gene that may impart castration-resistance. METHODS We modulated AR signaling in LNCaP prostate cancer cells and assayed for Nanog expression. Direct AR binding to the NANOG promoter was tested using AR Chromatin Immunoprecipation (ChIP) and analyses of publically available AR ChIP-sequencing data-sets. Nanog over-expressing cells were analyzed for cell growth and cytotoxicity in response to the AR antagonist enzalutamide and the microtubule stabilizing agent docetaxel. RESULTS AR signaling upregulates Nanog mRNA and protein. AR binds directly to the NANOG promoter, and was not identified within 75 kb of the NANOGP8 pseudogene, suggesting the NANOG gene locus was preferentially activated. Nanog overexpression in LNCaP cells increases overall growth, but does not increase resistance to enzalutamide or docetaxel. CONCLUSIONS Nanog is a novel oncogenic AR target gene in prostate cancer cells, and stable expression of Nanog increases proliferation and growth of prostate cancer cells, but not resistance to enzalutamide or docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kregel
- Committee on Cancer Biology; The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology; The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Russell Z. Szmulewitz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology; The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Donald J. Vander Griend
- Committee on Cancer Biology; The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Surgery, Section of Urology; The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Wicklow E, Blij S, Frum T, Hirate Y, Lang RA, Sasaki H, Ralston A. HIPPO pathway members restrict SOX2 to the inner cell mass where it promotes ICM fates in the mouse blastocyst. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004618. [PMID: 25340657 PMCID: PMC4207610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent epiblast (EPI) cells, present in the inner cell mass (ICM) of the mouse blastocyst, are progenitors of both embryonic stem (ES) cells and the fetus. Discovering how pluripotency genes regulate cell fate decisions in the blastocyst provides a valuable way to understand how pluripotency is normally established. EPI cells are specified by two consecutive cell fate decisions. The first decision segregates ICM from trophectoderm (TE), an extraembryonic cell type. The second decision subdivides ICM into EPI and primitive endoderm (PE), another extraembryonic cell type. Here, we investigate the roles and regulation of the pluripotency gene Sox2 during blastocyst formation. First, we investigate the regulation of Sox2 patterning and show that SOX2 is restricted to ICM progenitors prior to blastocyst formation by members of the HIPPO pathway, independent of CDX2, the TE transcription factor that restricts Oct4 and Nanog to the ICM. Second, we investigate the requirement for Sox2 in cell fate specification during blastocyst formation. We show that neither maternal (M) nor zygotic (Z) Sox2 is required for blastocyst formation, nor for initial expression of the pluripotency genes Oct4 or Nanog in the ICM. Rather, Z Sox2 initially promotes development of the primitive endoderm (PE) non cell-autonomously via FGF4, and then later maintains expression of pluripotency genes in the ICM. The significance of these observations is that 1) ICM and TE genes are spatially patterned in parallel prior to blastocyst formation and 2) both the roles and regulation of Sox2 in the blastocyst are unique compared to other pluripotency factors such as Oct4 or Nanog. Pluripotent stem cells can give rise to any cell type in the body, making them an attractive tool for regenerative medicine. Pluripotent stem cells can be derived from the mammalian embryo at the blastocyst stage or they can be created from mature adult cells by reprogramming. During reprogramming, SOX2 helps establish pluripotency, but it is not clear how SOX2 establishes pluripotency in the blastocyst. We evaluated where SOX2 is present, how SOX2 is regulated, and where SOX2 is active during blastocyst formation. Our data show that the roles and the regulation of SOX2 are unique compared to other pluripotency/reprogramming factors, such as OCT4 and NANOG. SOX2 marks pluripotent cells earlier than do other factors, but does not regulate pluripotency until several days later. Rather, the earlier role of SOX2 is to help establish the yolk sac lineage, which is essential for gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryn Wicklow
- Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Blij
- Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Tristan Frum
- Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Yoshikazu Hirate
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Richard A. Lang
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Amy Ralston
- Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Huang CE, Hu FW, Yu CH, Tsai LL, Lee TH, Chou MY, Yu CC. Concurrent expression of Oct4 and Nanog maintains mesenchymal stem-like property of human dental pulp cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18623-39. [PMID: 25322154 PMCID: PMC4227236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), unique mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) type, exhibit the characteristics of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capacity. Oct4 and Nanog are pluripotent genes. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological functions of Oct4 and Nanog expression in DPSCs. Herein, we determined the critical role of an Oct4/Nanog axis modulating MSCs properties of DPSCs by lentiviral-mediated co-overexpression or co-knockdown of Oct4/Nanog in DPSCs. MSCs properties including osteogenic/chondrogenic/adipogenic induction differentiation was assayed for expression of osteogenic/chondrogenic/adipogenic markers by quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis. Initially, we observed that the expression profile of Oct4 and Nanog in dental pulp cells, which exerted properties of MSCs, was significantly up-regulated compared to that of STRO-1−CD146− dental pulp cells. Down-regulation of Oct4 and Nanog co-expression significantly reduced the cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation capability, STRO-1, CD146, and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of DPSCs. In contrast, co-overexpression of Oct4 and Nanog enhanced the expression level of STRO-1 and CD146, proliferation rate and osteogenic/chondrogenic/adipogenic induction differentiation capability, and expression of osteogenic/chondrogenic/adipogenic induction differentiation markers. Our results suggest that Oct4-Nanog signaling is a regulatory switch to maintain properties in DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-En Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-E.H.); (F.-W.H.); (C.-H.Y.); (L.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Fang-Wei Hu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-E.H.); (F.-W.H.); (C.-H.Y.); (L.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hang Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-E.H.); (F.-W.H.); (C.-H.Y.); (L.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Lo-Lin Tsai
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-E.H.); (F.-W.H.); (C.-H.Y.); (L.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsin Lee
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-E.H.); (F.-W.H.); (C.-H.Y.); (L.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yung Chou
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-E.H.); (F.-W.H.); (C.-H.Y.); (L.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.-Y.C.); (C.-C.Y.); Tel.: +886-4-24718668 (M.-Y.C. & C.-C.Y.); Fax: +886-4-24759065 (M.-Y.C. & C.-C.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan; E-Mails: (C.-E.H.); (F.-W.H.); (C.-H.Y.); (L.-L.T.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.-Y.C.); (C.-C.Y.); Tel.: +886-4-24718668 (M.-Y.C. & C.-C.Y.); Fax: +886-4-24759065 (M.-Y.C. & C.-C.Y.)
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Dai Y, Guo Y, Wang C, Liu Q, Yang Y, Li S, Guo X, Lian R, Yu R, Liu H, Chen J. Non-genetic direct reprogramming and biomimetic platforms in a preliminary study for adipose-derived stem cells into corneal endothelia-like cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109856. [PMID: 25333522 PMCID: PMC4198143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fate and function can be regulated and reprogrammed by intrinsic genetic program, extrinsic factors and niche microenvironment. Direct reprogramming has shown many advantages in the field of cellular reprogramming. Here we tried the possibility to generate corneal endothelia (CE) -like cells from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) by the non-genetic direct reprogramming of recombinant cell-penetrating proteins Oct4/Klf4/Sox2 (PTD-OKS) and small molecules (purmorphamine, RG108 and other reprogramming chemical reagents), as well as biomimetic platforms of simulate microgravity (SMG) bioreactor. Co-cultured with corneal cells and decellularized corneal ECM, Reprogrammed ADSCs revealed spherical growth and positively expressing Nanog for RT-PCR analysis and CD34 for immunofluorescence staining after 7 days-treatment of both purmorphamine and PTD-OKS (P-OKS) and in SMG culture. ADSCs changed to CEC polygonal morphology from spindle shape after the sequential non-genetic direct reprogramming and biomimetic platforms. At the same time, induced cells converted to weakly express CD31, AQP-1 and ZO-1. These findings demonstrated that the treatments were able to promote the stem-cell reprogramming for human ADSCs. Our study also indicates for the first time that SMG rotary cell culture system can be used as a non-genetic means to promote direct reprogramming. Our methods of reprogramming provide an alternative strategy for engineering patient-specific multipotent cells for cellular plasticity research and future autologous CEC replacement therapy that avoids complications associated with the use of human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dai
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiling Lian
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongjie Yu
- Bioengineering Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Gingold JA, Fidalgo M, Guallar D, Lau Z, Sun Z, Zhou H, Faiola F, Huang X, Lee DF, Waghray A, Schaniel C, Felsenfeld DP, Lemischka IR, Wang J. A genome-wide RNAi screen identifies opposing functions of Snai1 and Snai2 on the Nanog dependency in reprogramming. Mol Cell 2014; 56:140-52. [PMID: 25240402 PMCID: PMC4184964 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanog facilitates embryonic stem cell self-renewal and induced pluripotent stem cell generation during the final stage of reprogramming. From a genome-wide small interfering RNA screen using a Nanog-GFP reporter line, we discovered opposing effects of Snai1 and Snai2 depletion on Nanog promoter activity. We further discovered mutually repressive expression profiles and opposing functions of Snai1 and Snai2 during Nanog-driven reprogramming. We found that Snai1, but not Snai2, is both a transcriptional target and protein partner of Nanog in reprogramming. Ectopic expression of Snai1 or depletion of Snai2 greatly facilitates Nanog-driven reprogramming. Snai1 (but not Snai2) and Nanog cobind to and transcriptionally activate pluripotency-associated genes including Lin28 and miR-290-295. Ectopic expression of miR-290-295 cluster genes partially rescues reprogramming inefficiency caused by Snai1 depletion. Our study thus uncovers the interplay between Nanog and mesenchymal factors Snai1 and Snai2 in the transcriptional regulation of pluripotency-associated genes and miRNAs during the Nanog-driven reprogramming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Gingold
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Diana Guallar
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zerlina Lau
- Integrated Screening Core, Experimental Therapeutics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhen Sun
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Francesco Faiola
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dung-Fang Lee
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Avinash Waghray
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dan P Felsenfeld
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Integrated Screening Core, Experimental Therapeutics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ihor R Lemischka
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Jianlong Wang
- The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Petruzzelli R, Christensen DR, Parry KL, Sanchez-Elsner T, Houghton FD. HIF-2α regulates NANOG expression in human embryonic stem cells following hypoxia and reoxygenation through the interaction with an Oct-Sox cis regulatory element. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108309. [PMID: 25271810 PMCID: PMC4182711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low O2 tension is beneficial for human embryonic stem cell (hESC) maintenance but the mechanism of regulation is unknown. HIF-2α was found to bind directly to predicted hypoxic response elements (HREs) in the proximal promoter of OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 only in hESCs cultured under hypoxia (5% O2). This binding induced an array of histone modifications associated with gene transcription while a heterochromatic state existed at atmospheric O2. Interestingly, an enhanced euchromatic state was found when hESCs were exposed to hypoxia followed by 72 hours reoxygenation. This was sustained by HIF-2α which enhanced stemness by binding to an oct-sox cis-regulatory element in the NANOG promoter. Thus, these data have uncovered a novel role of HIF-2α as a direct regulator of key transcription factors controlling self-renewal in hESCs but also in the induction of epigenetic modifications ensuring a euchromatic conformation which enhances the regenerative potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Petruzzelli
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Christensen
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Kate L. Parry
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tilman Sanchez-Elsner
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Franchesca D. Houghton
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Lu H, Yan C, Quan XX, Yang X, Zhang J, Bian Y, Chen Z, Van Waes C. CK2 phosphorylates and inhibits TAp73 tumor suppressor function to promote expression of cancer stem cell genes and phenotype in head and neck cancer. Neoplasia 2014; 16:789-800. [PMID: 25379016 PMCID: PMC4212254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) and genes have been linked to cancer development and therapeutic resistance, but the signaling mechanisms regulating CSC genes and phenotype are incompletely understood. CK2 has emerged as a key signal serine/threonine kinase that modulates diverse signal cascades regulating cell fate and growth. We previously showed that CK2 is often aberrantly expressed and activated in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), concomitantly with mutant (mt) tumor suppressor TP53, and inactivation of its family member, TAp73. Unexpectedly, we observed that classical stem cell genes Nanog, Sox2, and Oct4, are overexpressed in HNSCC with inactivated TAp73 and mtTP53. However, the potential relationship between CK2, TAp73 inactivation, and CSC phenotype is unknown. We reveal that inhibition of CK2 by pharmacologic inhibitors or siRNA inhibits the expression of CSC genes and side population (SP), while enhancing TAp73 mRNA and protein expression. Conversely, CK2 inhibitor attenuation of CSC protein expression and the SP by was abrogated by TAp73 siRNA. Bioinformatic analysis uncovered a single predicted CK2 threonine phosphorylation site (T27) within the N-terminal transactivation domain of TAp73. Nuclear CK2 and TAp73 interaction, confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, was attenuated by CK2 inhibitor, or a T27A point-mutation of this predicted CK2 threonine phospho-acceptor site of TAp73. Further, T27A mutation attenuated phosphorylation, while enhancing TAp73 function in repressing CSC gene expression and SP cells. A new CK2 inhibitor, CX-4945, inhibited CSC related SP cells, clonogenic survival, and spheroid formation. Our study unveils a novel regulatory mechanism whereby aberrant CK2 signaling inhibits TAp73 to promote the expression of CSC genes and phenotype.
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Key Words
- CK2, Casein Kinase 2
- CSC, Cancer Stem Cells
- DMAT, 2-Dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole
- HEKA, Human epidermal keratinocytes
- HNSCC, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HOK, Human oral keratinocytes
- SP, Side population
- TAp73, Transactivating p73
- TP53, Transforming Protein p53
- UM-SCC, University of Michigan Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- mt, Mutant
- wt, Wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lu
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Orthopaedic Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Carol Yan
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute-NIH Research Scholars Program, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Xin Quan
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xinping Yang
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yansong Bian
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Zhong Chen
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Sun AX, Liu CJ, Sun ZQ, Wei Z. NANOG: A promising target for digestive malignant tumors. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13071-13078. [PMID: 25278701 PMCID: PMC4177486 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NANOG has been extensively researched since its discovery by Chambers et al. NANOG is a homeodomain transcription factor and an essential regulator of embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal, which inhibits differentiation. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cells that are thought to drive uncontrolled tumor growth; CSCs retain the tumor capabilities of self-renewal and propagation. The existence of CSCs was recently shown by direct experimental evidence. NANOG is expressed in CSCs and ESCs, although it remains unclear whether ESCs and CSCs share similar mechanisms in the regulation of physical and biological processes. Several studies suggest that the expression level of NANOG is high in cancer tissues and low or absent in normal tissues. High levels of NANOG expression are associated with advanced stages of cancer and a poor prognosis, indicating that it plays a vital role in tumor transformation, tumorigenesis, and tumor metastasis. NANOG is part of a complex regulatory network that controls cell fate determination, proliferation, and apoptosis. NANOG cooperates with other regulators, such as microflora, transcription factors, and kinases, in cancer cells. NANOG might have a promising future in anti-cancer and other therapeutic treatments, which could improve human health.
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Hashimoto N, Tsunedomi R, Yoshimura K, Watanabe Y, Hazama S, Oka M. Cancer stem-like sphere cells induced from de-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell lines possess the resistance to anti-cancer drugs. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:722. [PMID: 25260650 PMCID: PMC4190290 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to play important roles in therapy-resistance. In this study, we induced cancer stem-like cells from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines using a unique medium, and examined their potential for resistance to anti-cancer drugs. METHODS The human HCC cell lines SK-HEP-1 (SK), HLE, Hep 3B, and HuH-7 were used to induce cancer stem-like cells with our sphere induction medium supplemented with neural survival factor-1. NANOG and LIN28A were examined as stemness markers. Several surface markers for CSC such as CD24, CD44, CD44 variant, and CD90 were analyzed by flow-cytometry. To assess the resistance to anti-cancer drugs, the MTS assay, cell cycle analysis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity assay were performed. RESULTS Poorly differentiated HCC derived SK and undifferentiated HCC derived HLE cell lines efficiently formed spheres of cells (SK-sphere and HLE-sphere), but well-differentiated HCC-derived HuH-7 and Hep 3B cells did not. SK-spheres showed increased NANOG, LIN28A, and ALDH1A1 mRNA levels compared to parental cells. We observed more CD44 variant-positive cells in SK-spheres than in parental cells. The cell viability of SK-spheres was significantly higher than that of SK cells in the presence of several anti-cancer drugs except sorafenib (1.7- to 7.3-fold, each P < 0.05). The cell cycle of SK-spheres was arrested at the G0/G1 phase compared to SK cells. SK-spheres showed higher ABCG2 and HIF1A mRNA expression and lower ROS production compared to parental cells. CONCLUSION Our novel method successfully induced cancer stem-like cells, which possessed chemoresistance that was related to the cell cycle, drug efflux, and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Hashimoto
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Yusaku Watanabe
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Masaaki Oka
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505 Japan
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Li L, Zhang L, Liu G, Feng R, Jiang Y, Yang L, Zhang S, Liao M, Hua J. Synergistic transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of ESC characteristics by core pluripotency transcription factors in protein-protein interaction networks. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105180. [PMID: 25171496 PMCID: PMC4149371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism that maintains the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is not well understood but may be reflected in complex biological networks. However, there have been few studies on the effects of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation during the development of ESCs from the perspective of computational systems biology. In this study, we analyzed the topological properties of the "core" pluripotency transcription factors (TFs) OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG in protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs). Further, we identified synergistic interactions between these TFs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in PPINs during ESC development. Results show that there were significant differences in centrality characters between TF-targets and non-TF-targets in PPINs. We also found that there was consistent regulation of multiple "core" pluripotency TFs. Based on the analysis of shortest path length, we found that the module properties were not only within the targets regulated by common or multiple "core" pluripotency TFs but also between the groups of targets regulated by different TFs. Finally, we identified synergistic regulation of these TFs and miRNAs. In summary, the synergistic effects of "core" pluripotency TFs and miRNAs were analyzed using computational methods in both human and mouse PPINs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leijie Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liangcai Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Guiyou Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Rennan Feng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongshuai Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (ML); (JH)
| | - Mingzhi Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (ML); (JH)
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (SZ); (ML); (JH)
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44
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Huang CE, Yu CC, Hu FW, Chou MY, Tsai LL. Enhanced chemosensitivity by targeting Nanog in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:14935-48. [PMID: 25158233 PMCID: PMC4200775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150914935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemo-resistance is the major cause of high mortality in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) in which HNSCC-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be involved. Previously, we enriched a subpopulation of HNSCC-derived spheroid cells (SC) (HNSCC-SC) and identified Nanog as a CSCs marker. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Nanog in the chemosensitivity of HNSCC. The functional and clinicopathological studies of Nanog were investigated in HNSCC cells and specimens. Nanog expression was increased in HNSCC cell lines as compared to a normal oral epithelial cell line. Nanog upregulation in clinical tissues from HNSCC patients with recurrent and metastatic specimens relative to the mRNA levels in the samples from normal or primary tissues were examined. Targeting Nanog in HNSCC-SC significantly inhibited their tumorigenic and CSCs-like abilities and effectively increased the sensitivity of HNSCC-SC to chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin treatment. Targeting Nanog in HNSCC-SC showed a synergistic therapeutic effect with cisplatin. Our results suggest that targeting Nanog may have promising therapeutic potential for HNSCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cisplatin/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Nanog Homeobox Protein
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-En Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Wei Hu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Yung Chou
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Lo-Lin Tsai
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung 40201, Taiwan.
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45
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Faucon PC, Pardee K, Kumar RM, Li H, Loh YH, Wang X. Gene networks of fully connected triads with complete auto-activation enable multistability and stepwise stochastic transitions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102873. [PMID: 25057990 PMCID: PMC4109943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fully-connected triads (FCTs), such as the Oct4-Sox2-Nanog triad, have been implicated as recurring transcriptional motifs embedded within the regulatory networks that specify and maintain cellular states. To explore the possible connections between FCT topologies and cell fate determinations, we employed computational network screening to search all possible FCT topologies for multistability, a dynamic property that allows the rise of alternate regulatory states from the same transcriptional network. The search yielded a hierarchy of FCTs with various potentials for multistability, including several topologies capable of reaching eight distinct stable states. Our analyses suggested that complete auto-activation is an effective indicator for multistability, and, when gene expression noise was incorporated into the model, the networks were able to transit multiple states spontaneously. Different levels of stochasticity were found to either induce or disrupt random state transitioning with some transitions requiring layovers at one or more intermediate states. Using this framework we simulated a simplified model of induced pluripotency by including constitutive overexpression terms. The corresponding FCT showed random state transitioning from a terminal state to the pluripotent state, with the temporal distribution of this transition matching published experimental data. This work establishes a potential theoretical framework for understanding cell fate determinations by connecting conserved regulatory modules with network dynamics. Our results could also be employed experimentally, using established developmental transcription factors as seeds, to locate cell lineage specification networks by using auto-activation as a cipher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe C. Faucon
- School of Computing, Informatics, Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Keith Pardee
- Wyss Institute for Biological Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for BioDynamics and Center for Advanced Biotechnology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roshan M. Kumar
- Wyss Institute for Biological Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for BioDynamics and Center for Advanced Biotechnology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wang T, Liu H, Ning Y, Xu Q. The histone acetyltransferase p300 regulates the expression of pluripotency factors and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102117. [PMID: 25007265 PMCID: PMC4090168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
p300 is a well-known histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and coactivator that plays vital roles in many physiological processes. Despite extensive research on the involvement of p300 in the regulation of transcription in numerous cell lines, the roles of this protein in regulating pluripotency genes and odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) are poorly understood. To address this issue, we investigated the expression of OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 and the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation capacity of HDPCs following p300 overexpression. We found that p300 overexpression did not overtly affect the ability of HDPCs to proliferate. The overexpression of p300 upregulated the promoter activity and the mRNA and protein expression of NANOG and SOX2. The HAT activity of p300 appeared to partially mediate the regulation of these factors; indeed, when a mutant form of p300 lacking the HAT domain was overexpressed, the promoter activity and expression of NANOG and SOX2 decreased relative to p300 overexpression but was greater than in the control. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the mRNA levels of the odontogenic marker genes dentine matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin sialoprotein (DSP), osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) were significantly decreased in HDPCs overexpressing p300 cultured under normal culture conditions and increased in HDPCs inducted to undergo odontogenic differentiation. This finding was further confirmed by measuring levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and assessing the formation of mineralized nodules. The HAT activity of p300 had no significant effect on odontogenic differentiation. p300 was recruited to the promoter regions of OCN and DSPP and might be acting as a coactivator to increase the acetylation of lysine 9 of histone H3 of OCN and DSPP. Collectively, our results show that p300 plays an important role in regulating the expression of key pluripotency genes in HDPCs and modifying odontogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Hefei Stomatological Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyang Ning
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Lu Y, Loh YH, Li H, Cesana M, Ficarro SB, Parikh JR, Salomonis N, Toh CXD, Andreadis ST, Luckey CJ, Collins JJ, Daley GQ, Marto JA. Alternative splicing of MBD2 supports self-renewal in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 15:92-101. [PMID: 24813856 PMCID: PMC4082735 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alternative RNA splicing (AS) regulates proteome diversity, including isoform-specific expression of several pluripotency genes. Here, we integrated global gene expression and proteomic analyses and identified a molecular signature suggesting a central role for AS in maintaining human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) self-renewal. We demonstrate that the splicing factor SFRS2 is an OCT4 target gene required for pluripotency. SFRS2 regulates AS of the methyl-CpG binding protein MBD2, whose isoforms play opposing roles in maintenance of and reprogramming to pluripotency. Although both MDB2a and MBD2c are enriched at the OCT4 and NANOG promoters, MBD2a preferentially interacts with repressive NuRD chromatin remodeling factors and promotes hPSC differentiation, whereas overexpression of MBD2c enhances reprogramming of fibroblasts to pluripotency. The miR-301 and miR-302 families provide additional regulation by targeting SFRS2 and MDB2a. These data suggest that OCT4, SFRS2, and MBD2 participate in a positive feedback loop, regulating proteome diversity in support of hPSC self-renewal and reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hu Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Synthetic Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marcella Cesana
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott B Ficarro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jignesh R Parikh
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cheng-Xu Delon Toh
- A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - C John Luckey
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James J Collins
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center of Synthetic Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Landreh L, Spinnler K, Schubert K, Häkkinen MR, Auriola S, Poutanen M, Söder O, Svechnikov K, Mayerhofer A. Human testicular peritubular cells host putative stem Leydig cells with steroidogenic capacity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1227-35. [PMID: 24684461 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aim to examine the steroidogenic phenotype and the differentiation potential of human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) and to explore their possible relationship to the adult Leydig cell lineage. BACKGROUND The cells of the adult Leydig cell lineage may reside in the peritubular compartment of the testis. This suggestion is supported by the facts that the rodent peritubular cells can be differentiated toward this lineage and that cAMP enhances their steroidogenic potential. METHODS Human testicular biopsies, and derived HTPCs, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. After stimulation by forskolin or platelet-derived growth factor-BB, quantitative RT-PCR was used to compare the levels of mRNAs encoding proteins involved in steroidogenesis and steroid production was analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the peritubular cells that form the outer part of the tubular wall express platelet derived growth factor receptor-α. Furthermore, the pluripotency markers (POU domain class 5 transcription factor 1, GATA-binding protein 4), stem Leydig cell markers (platelet derived growth factor receptor-A, leukemia inhibitory factor receptor), and mRNAs encoding proteins involved in steroidogenesis (nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; CYP11A1; CYP17A1; 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) were expressed by the HTPCs. Stimulation with forskolin increased the expression of the steroidogenic markers, which was accompanied by the production of pregnenolone and progesterone by HTPCs in vitro. Treatment with platelet-derived growth factor-BB induced expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the tubular wall of the human testis is a reservoir for cells of the adult Leydig cell lineage and that the steroidogenic potential of these cells can be activated in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Landreh
- Department of Women's and Children's Health (L.L., O.S., K.Sv.), Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Anatomy III-Cell Biology (K.Sp., K.Sc., A.M.), Ludwig Maximilian University, 80336 Munich, Germany; School of Pharmacy (M.R.H., S.A.), University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; and Turku Center for Disease Modeling (M.P.), Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Papanayotou C, Benhaddou A, Camus A, Perea-Gomez A, Jouneau A, Mezger V, Langa F, Ott S, Sabéran-Djoneidi D, Collignon J. A novel nodal enhancer dependent on pluripotency factors and smad2/3 signaling conditions a regulatory switch during epiblast maturation. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001890. [PMID: 24960041 PMCID: PMC4068991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HBE, a newly discovered enhancer element, mediates the influence of pluripotency factors and Activin/Nodal signaling on early Nodal expression in the mouse embryo, and controls the activation of later-acting Nodal enhancers. During early development, modulations in the expression of Nodal, a TGFβ family member, determine the specification of embryonic and extra-embryonic cell identities. Nodal has been extensively studied in the mouse, but aspects of its early expression remain unaccounted for. We identified a conserved hotspot for the binding of pluripotency factors at the Nodal locus and called this sequence “highly bound element” (HBE). Luciferase-based assays, the analysis of fluorescent HBE reporter transgenes, and a conditional mutation of HBE allowed us to establish that HBE behaves as an enhancer, is activated ahead of other Nodal enhancers in the epiblast, and is essential to Nodal expression in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and in the mouse embryo. We also showed that HBE enhancer activity is critically dependent on its interaction with the pluripotency factor Oct4 and on Activin/Nodal signaling. Use of an in vitro model of epiblast maturation, relying on the differentiation of ESCs into epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), revealed that this process entails a shift in the regulation of Nodal expression from an HBE-driven phase to an ASE-driven phase, ASE being another autoregulatory Nodal enhancer. Deletion of HBE in ESCs or in EpiSCs allowed us to show that HBE, although not necessary for Nodal expression in EpiSCs, is required in differentiating ESCs to activate the differentiation-promoting ASE and therefore controls this regulatory shift. Our findings clarify how early Nodal expression is regulated and suggest how this regulation can promote the specification of extra-embryonic precusors without inducing premature differentiation of epiblast cells. More generally, they open new perspectives on how pluripotency factors achieve their function. In the early mouse embryo, Nodal, a member of the TGFbeta superfamily of signalling proteins, promotes the differentiation of extra-embryonic tissues, as well as tissues within the developing embryo itself. Characterising the regulation of Nodal gene expression is essential to understand how Nodal signals in diverse tissue types and at different stages of embryonic development. Four distinct enhancer sequences have been shown to regulate Nodal expression, although none could account for it in the preimplantation epiblast or in embryonic stem cells. We identified a novel enhancer, HBE, responsible for the earliest aspects of Nodal expression. We show that activation of HBE depends on its interaction with a well-known pluripotency factor called Oct4. HBE itself also controls the activation of at least one other Nodal enhancer. Our findings clarify how early Nodal expression is regulated and reveal how pluripotency factors may control the onset of differentiation in embryonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costis Papanayotou
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JC); (CP)
| | - Ataaillah Benhaddou
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Camus
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Aitana Perea-Gomez
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alice Jouneau
- Unité de Biologie du Développement et de la reproduction, UMR INRA-ENVA, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valérie Mezger
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Francina Langa
- Centre d'Ingénierie Génétique Murine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sascha Ott
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Délara Sabéran-Djoneidi
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Collignon
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (JC); (CP)
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Sun D, Qin L, Xu Y, Liu JX, Tian LP, Qian HX. Influence of adriamycin on changes in Nanog, Oct-4, Sox2, ARID1 and Wnt5b expression in liver cancer stem cells. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6974-6980. [PMID: 24944491 PMCID: PMC4051940 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the influence of Adriamycin (ADM) on the changes in Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, as well as, in ARID1 and Wnt5b expression in liver cancer stem cells.
METHODS: The MHCC97-L and HCCLM3 liver cancer cell lines were selected as the cell models in this study, and were routinely cultured. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) in the cell lines was detected by the MTT assay. Expression changes in liver cancer stem cell related genes (Nanog, Oct-4, Sox2, ARID1, and Wnt5b) were detected by western blot following treatment with ADM (LD50).
RESULTS: The LD50 of ADM in MHCC97-L cells was lower than that in HCCLM3 cells (0.4123 ± 0.0236 μmol/L vs 0.5259 ± 0.0125 μmol/L, P < 0.05). Wnt5b and Nanog were expressed in both MHCC97-L and HCCLM3 cells, while only Sox2 was expressed in HCCLM3 cells. However, neither ARID1A nor Oct4 was detected in these two cell lines. Genes, related to the stem cells, showed different expression in liver cancer cells with different metastatic potential following treatment with ADM (LD50). Wnt5b protein increased gradually within 4 h of ADM (LD50) treatment, while Nanog decreased (P < 0.05). After 12 h, Wnt5b decreased gradually, while Nanog increased steadily (P < 0.05). In addition, only Sox2 was expressed in HCCLM3 cells with high metastatic potential following ADM (LD50) treatment. The expression of Sox2 increased gradually with ADM (LD50) in HCCLM3 cells (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: ADM increased the death rate of MHCC97-L and HCCLM3 cells, while the growth suppressive effect of ADM was higher in MHCC97-L cells than in HCCLM3 cells.
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