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Abstract
The pluripotency of human induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs) cannot be tested strictly in a similar way as we can do for the mouse ones because of ethical restrictions. One common and initial approach to prove the pluripotency of an established human iPSC line is to demonstrate expression of a set of established surface and intracellular pluripotency markers. This chapter provides procedures of immunocytochemistry of the established HiPSC lines for a set of the signature intracellular pluripotency proteins, OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28. We also describe cell phenotyping by flow cytometry for the five established human pluripotency surface markers, SSEA3, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, and TRA2-49 (ALP). Numbers of ALP+ and TRA-1-60+ colonies are the most widely used parameters for evaluation of human iPSC reprogramming efficiency. Therefore, this chapter also provides detailed steps for substrate colorimetric reaction of the ALP activity, as well as the TRA-1-60 staining, of the iPSC colonies in the reprogramming population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Raúl Cevallos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Md Emon Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ruowen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kejin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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2
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Ng TK, Chen CB, Xu C, Xu Y, Yao X, Huang L, Liang JJ, Cheung HS, Pang CP, Huang Y. Attenuated regenerative properties in human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells of older donor ages with shorter telomere length and lower SSEA4 expression. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:71-81. [PMID: 32043210 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cell properties are critical in the periodontal tissue regeneration for periodontitis. Previously, we have demonstrated that cigarette smoking attenuates PDL-derived stem cell (PDLSC) regenerative properties. Here, we report the findings on the regenerative properties of human PDLSCs with different donor ages and the underlying mechanisms. Human PDLSCs from 18 independent donors were divided into different age groups (≤ 20, 20-40, and > 40 years old). The proliferation of PDLSCs with donor age of ≤ 20 years old was significantly higher than that of the 20-40- and > 40-years-old groups, whereas the migration of PDLSCs with donor age of ≤ 20 and 20-40 years old was significantly higher than that of the > 40-years-old group. Moreover, the mesodermal lineage differentiation capabilities of PDLSCs were also higher in the donor age group of ≤ 20 years old than the donor age of > 40 years old. In addition, shorter telomere length and lower expression of SSEA4 were found in PDLSCs with donor age of > 40 years old, compared with those with donor age of ≤ 20-years-old group. Besides, PDLSCs with donor age of 20-40 and > 40 years old had higher IL6 and CXCL8 gene expressions. In summary, results from this study revealed the attenuated proliferation, migration, and mesodermal lineage differentiation properties in human PDLSCs with older donor ages. Donor age of PDLSCs should be considered as the selection criteria for the periodontal tissue regeneration treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Chong-Bo Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ciyan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowu Yao
- Dentistry Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Herman S Cheung
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yuqiang Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, North Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Asano S, Pal R, Tanaka HN, Imamura A, Ishida H, Suzuki KGN, Ando H. Development of Fluorescently Labeled SSEA-3, SSEA-4, and Globo-H Glycosphingolipids for Elucidating Molecular Interactions in the Cell Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246187. [PMID: 31817926 PMCID: PMC6941013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs), such as the globo-series GSLs stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA-3), SSEA-4, and Globo-H, are specifically expressed on pluripotent stem cells and cancer cells, and are known to be associated with various biological processes such as cell recognition, cell adhesion, and signal transduction. However, the behavior and biological roles of these GSLs are still unclear. In our previous study, we observed the interactions between the lipid raft and GSLs in real-time using single-molecule imaging, where we successfully synthesized various fluorescent analogs of GSLs (e.g., GM1 and GM3). Here, we have developed fluorescent analogs of SSEA-3, SSEA-4, and Globo-H using chemical synthesis. The biophysical properties of these analogs as raft markers were examined by partitioning giant plasma membrane vesicles from RBL-2H3 cells into detergent-resistant membrane fractions and liquid-ordered/liquid-disordered phases. The results indicated that the analogs were equivalent to native-type GSLs. The analogs could be used to observe the behavior of globo-series GSLs for detailing the structure and biological roles of lipid rafts and GSL-enriched nanodomains during cell differentiation and cell malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Asano
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.A.); (A.I.); (H.I.)
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Rita Pal
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Hide-Nori Tanaka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.A.); (A.I.); (H.I.)
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.A.); (A.I.); (H.I.)
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Hideharu Ishida
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.A.); (A.I.); (H.I.)
- Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kenichi G. N. Suzuki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.A.); (A.I.); (H.I.)
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.G.N.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Hiromune Ando
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (S.A.); (A.I.); (H.I.)
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.G.N.S.); (H.A.)
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Matrone G, Thandavarayan RA, Walther BK, Meng S, Mojiri A, Cooke JP. Dysfunction of iPSC-derived endothelial cells in human Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2495-2508. [PMID: 31411525 PMCID: PMC6738911 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1651587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) succumb to myocardial infarction and stroke in their teen years. Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in more common forms of atherosclerosis. Endothelial pathobiology may contribute to HGPS, but a comprehensive characterization of endothelial function in HGPS has not been performed. iPSCs derived from fibroblasts of HGPS patients or unaffected relatives were differentiated into endothelial cells (ECs). Immunofluorescent signal of the pluripotent stem cell markers SSEA4, Oct4, Sox2 and TRAI-60 was similar in HGPS or control iPSCs. Following the differentiation, FACS analysis and immunocytochemistry for CD31 and CD144 revealed a smaller percentage of ECs from HGPS iPSCs. Immunostaining for Lamin A revealed nuclear dysmorphology in HGPS iPSC-ECs. Furthermore, these cells were significantly larger and rounded, and they proliferated less, features which are typical of senescent endothelial cells. HGPS iPSC-ECs manifested less Dil-Ac-LDL uptake; less DAF-2DA staining for nitric oxide generation and formed fewer networks in matrigel in vitro. In immunodeficient mice injected with iPSC-ECs, HGPS iPSC-ECs generated a sparser vascular network compared to the control, with reduced capillary number. Telomere length (T/S ratio) of HGPS iPSC-EC was reduced as assessed by mmqPCR. iPSC-ECs derived from HGPS patients have dysmorphic appearance, abnormal nuclear morphology, shortened telomeres, reduced replicative capacity and impaired functions in vitro and in vivo. Targeting the endothelial abnormality in patients with HGPS may provide a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of this condition. Abbreviations: HGPS: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome; ZMPSTE24: Zinc metallopeptidase STE24; FTI: Farnesyltransferase inhibitors; VSMCs: Vascular smooth muscle cells; iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cells; EC: Endothelial cells; hTERT: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; DAF-FM DA: 3-Amino, 4-aminomethyl-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate; BMP4: Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; mmqPCR: mono chrome multiplex PCR; SCG: single-copy gene; CSI: Cell shape index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Matrone
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brandon K Walther
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shu Meng
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anahita Mojiri
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
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Aghajani F, Kazemnejad S, Hooshmand T, Ghaempanah Z, Zarnani AH. Evaluation of immunophenotyping, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of SSEA-4 positive stem cells derived from pulp of deciduous teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:201-207. [PMID: 30296654 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the increased interest in stem cells isolated from remnant pulp of deciduous teeth, no specific marker has been yet established for them. The present study aimed to investigate whether SSEA-4 (stage-specific embryonic antigen) would be a suitable marker to isolate stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHEDs) in order to increase its differentiation potential toward osseous tissue. DESIGN The SHEDs were isolated and the expression patterns of mesenchymal, hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell markers were assessed. The cells were then divided into two groups of SSEA-4(+) and unsorted SHEDs and the cell proliferation rate and population-doubling-time (PDT) were calculated. Subsequently, the differentiation potentials were examined through alizarin-red staining and Quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS Isolated cells were spindle-shaped with a high expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers and weak expression of hematopoietic markers. The mean expression of Oct-4 was 68.77%±1.28. Despite similar proliferation rates between SSEA-4(+) and unsorted SHEDs, because of differences in the shape of the growth curves, PDT was lower in unsorted SHEDs (P = 0.2 × 10-4). Alizarin-red staining showed similar calcium deposition in both groups. Upon differentiation, the expression of osteocalcin was higher in unsorted SHEDs (P = 0.043), while, the expression of alkaline phosphatase was lower (P<0.001). The parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR) expression was not significantly different (P = 0.0625). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study revealed that SHEDs have high differentiation potentials even in the unsorted cells. Although the SSEA-4-positive SHEDs showed slightly better osteogenic potential, the differences were not abundant to link SSEA-4 expression with superior differentiation potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Aghajani
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute/Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tabassom Hooshmand
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ghaempanah
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Nanobiotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
The application of human stem cell technology offers theoretically a great potential to treat various human diseases. However, to achieve this goal a large number of scientific issues remain to be solved. Cell surface carbohydrate antigens are involved in a number of biomedical phenomena that are important in clinical applications of stem cells, such as cell differentiation and immune reactivity. Due to their cell surface localization, carbohydrate epitopes are ideally suited for characterization of human pluripotent stem cells. Amongst the most commonly used markers to identify human pluripotent stem cells are the globo-series glycosphingolipids SSEA-3 and SSEA-4. However, our knowledge regarding human pluripotent stem cell glycosphingolipid expression was until recently mainly based on immunological assays of intact cells due to the very limited amounts of cell material available. In recent years the knowledge regarding glycosphingolipids in human embryonic stem cells has been extended by biochemical studies, which is the focus of this review. In addition, the distribution of the human pluripotent stem cell glycosphingolipids in human tissues, and glycosphingolipid changes during human stem cell differentiation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Breimer
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karin Säljö
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Angela Barone
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 440, S-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Susann Teneberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 440, S-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Borowczyk-Michalowska J, Zimolag E, Konieczny P, Chrapusta A, Madeja Z, Drukala J. Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen-4 (SSEA-4) as a Distinguishing Marker between Eccrine and Apocrine Origin of Ducts of Sweat Glands. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2437-2440. [PMID: 28736232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Borowczyk-Michalowska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Eliza Zimolag
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczny
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Chrapusta
- Malopolska Burns and Plastic Surgery Centre, The Rydygier Memorial Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Drukala
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Harichandan A, Sivasubramaniyan K, Hennenlotter J, Poths S, Bedke J, Kruck S, Stenzl A, Bühring HJ. Molecular Signatures of Primary Human Spermatogonial Progenitors and Its Neighboring Peritubular Stromal Compartment. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:263-273. [PMID: 27821019 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In-depth understanding of human spermatogenesis requires studying specific molecular signatures and interactions of spermatogonia with other testicular cell populations, for which isolation of pure populations of different cell types is crucial. Here, we describe a technique to simultaneously enrich pure, multiple testicular cell populations, including spermatogonia, endothelial (TECs), and perivascular mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (TMSCs), from testicular tissue by flow cytometry using a combination of defined markers. Immunohistochemical studies, multicolor staining, and cell sorting followed by multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that spermatogonia were highly enriched in the CD49f+CD49a-HLA-ABC-SSEA-4+ fraction of primary testicular cells. In contrast to spermatogonia, TMSCs and TECs were highly enriched in the CD49f+CD49a+HLA-ABC+CD144- and CD49f+CD49a+HLA-ABC+CD144+subsets, respectively. The delineation was confirmed by the expression of specific stromal and endothelial key markers as well as by the differentiation and angiogenic capacity of the sorted populations. In this article, for the first time, we performed transcriptome profiling of highly enriched, freshly isolated human spermatogonia and compared their expression profile with that of TMSCs. Our RNA sequencing data favor the hypothesis that TMSCs are candidate niche components for spermatogonia. The composite genotype and phenotype of defined testicular cell populations combined with a robust isolation procedure from small biopsies contributes to a better understanding of cellular interactions and for the establishment of efficient culture techniques to maintain spermatogonial progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Harichandan
- 1 Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
- 2 Department of Urology, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kavitha Sivasubramaniyan
- 1 Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hennenlotter
- 2 Department of Urology, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Poths
- 3 Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- 2 Department of Urology, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Kruck
- 2 Department of Urology, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- 2 Department of Urology, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Bühring
- 1 Division of Hematology, Immunology, Oncology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Tübingen , Tübingen, Germany
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Handa K, Hakomori SI. Changes of glycoconjugate expression profiles during early development. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:693-699. [PMID: 27318475 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A variety of glycoconjugates, including glycosphingolipids (GSLs), expressed in mammalian tissues and cells were isolated and characterized in early biochemical studies. Later studies of virus-transformed fibroblasts demonstrated the association of GSL expression profiles with cell phenotypes. Changes of GSL expression profile were observed during mammalian embryogenesis. Cell surface molecules expressed on embryos in a stage-specific manner appeared to play key roles in regulation of cell-cell interaction and cell sorting during early development. Many mAbs showing stage-specific reactivity with mouse embryos were shown to recognize carbohydrate epitopes. Among various stage-specific embryonic antigens (SSEAs), SSEA-1 was found to react with neolacto-series GSL Lex, while SSEA-3 and SSEA-4 reacted with globo-series Gb5 and monosialyl-Gb5, respectively. GSL expression during mouse early development was shown to shift rapidly from globo-series to neolacto/lacto-series, and then to ganglio-series. We found that multivalent Lex caused decompaction of mouse embryos, indicating a functional role of Lex epitope in the compaction process. Autoaggregation of mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) F9 cells provided a useful model of the compaction process. We showed that Lex-Lex interaction, a novel type of molecular interavction termed carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction (CCI), was involved in cell aggregation. Similar shifting of GSL expression profiles from globo-series and neolacto/lacto-series to ganglio-series was observed during differentiation of human EC cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells, reflecting the essential role of cell surface glycoconjugates in early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Handa
- Division of Biomembrane Research, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Sen-Itiroh Hakomori
- Division of Biomembrane Research, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA.
- Departments of Pathobiology and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Chun SY, Soker S, Jang YJ, Kwon TG, Yoo ES. Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells into Dopaminergic Neuron-like Cells in Vitro. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:171-7. [PMID: 26839468 PMCID: PMC4729494 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons in vitro as an autologous stem cell source for Parkinson's disease treatment. The hDPSCs were expanded in knockout-embryonic stem cell (KO-ES) medium containing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on gelatin-coated plates for 3-4 days. Then, the medium was replaced with KO-ES medium without LIF to allow the formation of the neurosphere for 4 days. The neurosphere was transferred into ITS medium, containing ITS (human insulin-transferrin-sodium) and fibronectin, to select for Nestin-positive cells for 6-8 days. The cells were then cultured in N-2 medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), FGF-8b, sonic hedgehog-N, and ascorbic acid on poly-l-ornithine/fibronectin-coated plates to expand the Nestin-positive cells for up to 2 weeks. Finally, the cells were transferred into N-2/ascorbic acid medium to allow for their differentiation into dopaminergic neurons for 10-15 days. The differentiation stages were confirmed by morphological, immunocytochemical, flow cytometric, real-time PCR, and ELISA analyses. The expressions of mesenchymal stem cell markers were observed at the early stages. The expressions of early neuronal markers were maintained throughout the differentiation stages. The mature neural markers showed increased expression from stage 3 onwards. The percentage of cells positive for tyrosine hydroxylase was 14.49%, and the amount was 0.526 ± 0.033 ng/mL at the last stage. hDPSCs can differentiate into dopaminergic neural cells under experimental cell differentiation conditions, showing potential as an autologous cell source for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Chun
- BioMedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Jang
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Sang Yoo
- Department of Urology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Shaikh A, Nagvenkar P, Pethe P, Hinduja I, Bhartiya D. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of CD133 and SSEA4 enriched very small embryonic-like stem cells in human cord blood. Leukemia 2015; 29:1909-17. [PMID: 25882698 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) are immature primitive cells residing in adult and fetal tissues. This study describes enrichment strategy and molecular and phenotypic characterization of human cord blood VSELs. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that a majority of VSELs (LIN(-)/CD45(-)/CD34(+)) were present in the red blood cell (RBC) pellet after Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation in contrast to the hematopoietic stem cells (LIN(-)/CD45(+)/CD34(+)) in the interphase layer. Thus, after lyses of RBCs, VSELs were enriched using CD133 and SSEA4 antibodies. These enriched cells were small in size (4-6 μm), spherical, exhibited telomerase activity and expressed pluripotent stem cell (OCT4A, OCT4, SSEA4, NANOG, SOX2, REX1), primordial germ cell (STELLA, FRAGILIS) as well as primitive hematopoietic (CD133, CD34) markers at protein and transcript levels. Heterogeneity was noted among VSELs based on subtle differences in expression of various markers studied. DNA analysis and cell cycle studies revealed that a majority of enriched VSELs were diploid, non-apoptotic and in G0/G1 phase, reflecting their quiescent state. VSELs also survived 5-fluorouracil treatment in vitro and treated cells entered into cell cycle. This study provides further support for the existence of pluripotent, diploid and relatively quiescent VSELs in cord blood and suggests further exploration of the subpopulations among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shaikh
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - P Nagvenkar
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - P Pethe
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - I Hinduja
- Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - D Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
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12
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Gokhale PJ, Au-Young JK, Dadi S, Keys DN, Harrison NJ, Jones M, Soneji S, Enver T, Sherlock JK, Andrews PW. Culture adaptation alters transcriptional hierarchies among single human embryonic stem cells reflecting altered patterns of differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123467. [PMID: 25875838 PMCID: PMC4397016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used single cell transcriptome analysis to re-examine the substates of early passage, karyotypically Normal, and late passage, karyotypically Abnormal (‘Culture Adapted’) human embryonic stem cells characterized by differential expression of the cell surface marker antigen, SSEA3. The results confirmed that culture adaptation is associated with alterations to the dynamics of the SSEA3(+) and SSEA3(-) substates of these cells, with SSEA3(-) Adapted cells remaining within the stem cell compartment whereas the SSEA3(-) Normal cells appear to have differentiated. However, the single cell data reveal that these substates are characterized by further heterogeneity that changes on culture adaptation. Notably the Adapted population includes cells with a transcriptome substate suggestive of a shift to a more naïve-like phenotype in contrast to the cells of the Normal population. Further, a subset of the Normal SSEA3(+) cells expresses genes typical of endoderm differentiation, despite also expressing the undifferentiated stem cell genes, POU5F1 (OCT4) and NANOG, whereas such apparently lineage-primed cells are absent from the Adapted population. These results suggest that the selective growth advantage gained by genetically variant, culture adapted human embryonic stem cells may derive in part from a changed substate structure that influences their propensity for differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Gokhale
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - SriVidya Dadi
- ThermoFisher, Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - David N. Keys
- ThermoFisher, Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Neil J. Harrison
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Jones
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Enver
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jon K. Sherlock
- ThermoFisher, Foster City, California, United States of America
| | - Peter W. Andrews
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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13
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Pan S, Chen W, Liu X, Xiao J, Wang Y, Liu J, Du Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Application of a novel population of multipotent stem cells derived from skin fibroblasts as donor cells in bovine SCNT. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114423. [PMID: 25602959 PMCID: PMC4300223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated stem cells are better donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), resulting in more offspring than more differentiated cells. While various stem cell populations have been confirmed to exist in the skin, progress has been restricted due to the lack of a suitable marker for their prospective isolation. To address this fundamental issue, a marker is required that could unambiguously prove the differentiation state of the donor cells. We therefore utilized magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) to separate a homogeneous population of small SSEA-4+ cells from a heterogeneous population of bovine embryonic skin fibroblasts (BEF). SSEA-4+ cells were 8-10 μm in diameter and positive for alkaline phosphatase (AP). The percentage of SSEA-4+ cells within the cultured BEF population was low (2-3%). Immunocytochemistry and PCR analyses revealed that SSEA-4+ cells expressed pluripotency-related markers, and could differentiate into cells comprising all three germ layers in vitro. They remained undifferentiated over 20 passages in suspension culture. In addition, cloned embryos derived from SSEA-4 cells showed significant differences in cleavage rate and blastocyst development when compared with those from BEF and SSEA-4− cells. Moreover, blastocysts derived from SSEA-4+ cells showed a higher total cell number and lower apoptotic index as compared to BEF and SSEA-4– derived cells. It is well known that nuclei from pluripotent stem cells yield a higher cloning efficiency than those from adult somatic cells, however, pluripotent stem cells are relatively difficult to obtain from bovine. The SSEA-4+ cells described in the current study provide an attractive candidate for SCNT and a promising platform for the generation of transgenic cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wuju Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajia Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (YZ)
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (YW); (YZ)
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14
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Jahanpanah M, Pourasgari F, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A, Ardeshirylajimi A, Azarnia M, Sharifi SD, Soleimani M. Pluripotency properties of embryonic stem cells isolated from stage X blastoderm of Mazandaran native chicken. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2014; 60:8-15. [PMID: 25553348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) from native chicken and to characterize their pluripotency properties through the cellular and molecular markers. Samples obtained from fertilized eggs from Mazandaran native hens. Cells were isolated from area of pellucida from stage X native hens' blastoderm. Then the cells were cultured on inactivated mouse SNL feeder cells in the presence of LIF, IGF-1, bFGF, CNTF, OSM, SCF, Il-6, and Il-11 growth factors. The native chickens' ESCs colonies were picked up and subsequently passaged. To characterize the cells, they were analyzed for their alkaline phosphatase activity, and also for the expression of SSEA-4, and TRA-1-60 as embryonic-specific markers at the protein level. Furthermore, the expression of pluripotency (cPouV, Sox2, and Nanog) and cell lineage specific (Cvh, Brachyury, and Gata6) gene markers was evaluated at the level of mRNA using quantitative RT-PCR. Isolated cells were passaged repeatedly and successfully up to ten passages. The stemness of embryonic cells has been approved by the activity of the alkaline phosphatase, presence of the SSEA-4, and TRA-1-60 protein, and expression of the molecular marker (cPouV, Nanog, and Sox-2) genes. The spontaneous differentiation of chicken ESCs confirmed the pluripotecy of the cells in differentiation into specialized cell lineages. Our observation showed that ESCs can be isolated successfully from stage X blastoderm of Mazandaran native chickens and these cells maintain their stemness properties during multi-passages in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jahanpanah
- Kharazmi University Department of Biology Karaj Iran
| | - F Pourasgari
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Tehran Iran farzaneh.pourasgari@gmail.com
| | - A Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh
- University of Tehran, Pakdasht Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan Tehran Iran amohammadis@ut.ac.ir
| | - A Ardeshirylajimi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Department of Biotechnology Karaj Iran
| | - M Azarnia
- Kharazmi University Department of Biology Karaj Iran
| | - S D Sharifi
- University of Tehran, Pakdasht Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan Tehran Iran
| | - M Soleimani
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Tehran Iran
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15
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Altman E, Yango P, Moustafa R, Smith JF, Klatsky PC, Tran ND. Characterization of human spermatogonial stem cell markers in fetal, pediatric, and adult testicular tissues. Reproduction 2014; 148:417-27. [PMID: 25030892 PMCID: PMC4599365 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autologous spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation is a potential therapeutic modality for patients with azoospermia following cancer treatment. For this promise to be realized, definitive membrane markers of prepubertal and adult human SSCs must be characterized in order to permit SSC isolation and subsequent expansion. This study further characterizes the markers of male gonocytes, prespermatogonia, and SSCs in humans. Human fetal, prepubertal, and adult testicular tissues were analyzed by confocal microscopy, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and qRT-PCR for the expression of unique germ cell membrane markers. During male fetal development, THY1 and KIT (C-Kit) are transient markers of gonocytes but not in prespermatogonia and post-natal SSCs. Although KIT expression is detected in gonocytes, THY1 expression is also detected in the somatic component of the fetal testes in addition to gonocytes. In the third trimester of gestation, THY1 expression shifts exclusively to the somatic cells of the testes where it continues to be detected only in the somatic cells postnatally. In contrast, SSEA4 expression was only detected in the gonocytes, prespermatogonia, SSCs, and Sertoli cells of the fetal and prepubertal testes. After puberty, SSEA4 expression can only be detected in primitive spermatogonia. Thus, although THY1 and KIT are transient markers of gonocytes, SSEA4 is the only common membrane marker of gonocytes, prespermatogonia, and SSCs from fetal through adult human development. This finding is essential for the isolation of prepubertal and adult SSCs, which may someday permit fertility preservation and reversal of azoospermia following cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Altman
- Department of ObstetricsGynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USAHelen Schneider Hospital for WomenRabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, IsraelDepartment of UrologyUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein University, Bronx, New York, USA Department of ObstetricsGynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USAHelen Schneider Hospital for WomenRabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, IsraelDepartment of UrologyUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Pamela Yango
- Department of ObstetricsGynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USAHelen Schneider Hospital for WomenRabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, IsraelDepartment of UrologyUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Radwa Moustafa
- Department of ObstetricsGynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USAHelen Schneider Hospital for WomenRabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, IsraelDepartment of UrologyUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - James F Smith
- Department of ObstetricsGynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USAHelen Schneider Hospital for WomenRabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, IsraelDepartment of UrologyUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Peter C Klatsky
- Department of ObstetricsGynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USAHelen Schneider Hospital for WomenRabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, IsraelDepartment of UrologyUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nam D Tran
- Department of ObstetricsGynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USAHelen Schneider Hospital for WomenRabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, IsraelDepartment of UrologyUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyAlbert Einstein University, Bronx, New York, USA
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16
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Amiri F, Halabian R, Salimian M, Shokrgozar MA, Soleimani M, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Roudkenar MH. Induction of multipotency in umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultivated under suspension conditions. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:657-66. [PMID: 24464492 PMCID: PMC4147073 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limitations in the clinical application of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are now much more interesting for cell-based therapy. Although MSCs have several advantages, they are not capable of differentiating to all three embryonic layers (three germ layers) without cultivation under specific induction media. Hence, improvement of MSCs for cell therapy purposes is under intensive study now. In this study, we isolated MSCs from umbilical cord tissue at the single-cell level, by treatment with trypsin, followed by cultivation under suspension conditions to form a colony. These colonies were trypsin resistant, capable of self-renewal differentiation to the three germ layers without any induction, and they were somewhat similar to ESC colonies. The cells were able to grow in both adherent and suspension culture conditions, expressed both the MSCs markers, especially CD105, and the multipotency markers, i.e., SSEA-3, and had a limited lifespan. The cells were expanded under simple culture conditions at the single-cell level and were homogenous. Further and complementary studies are required to understand how trypsin-tolerant mesenchymal stem cells are established. However, our study suggested non-embryonic resources for future cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amiri
- />Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Halabian
- />Applied Microbiology Research Center, Medical Science of Baqiyatallah University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Salimian
- />Department of Medical Laboratory, Kashan University of Medical Sciences and Health, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Soleimani
- />Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- />Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Mehta A, Verma V, Nandihalli M, Ramachandra CJA, Sequiera GL, Sudibyo Y, Chung Y, Sun W, Shim W. A systemic evaluation of cardiac differentiation from mRNA reprogrammed human induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103485. [PMID: 25068310 PMCID: PMC4113436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically unmodified cardiomyocytes mandated for cardiac regenerative therapy is conceivable by “foot-print free” reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). In this study, we report generation of foot-print free hiPSC through messenger RNA (mRNA) based reprograming. Subsequently, we characterize cardiomyocytes derived from these hiPSC using molecular and electrophysiological methods to characterize their applicability for regenerative medicine. Our results demonstrate that mRNA-iPSCs differentiate ontogenetically into cardiomyocytes with increased expression of early commitment markers of mesoderm, cardiac mesoderm, followed by cardiac specific transcriptional and sarcomeric structural and ion channel genes. Furthermore, these cardiomyocytes stained positively for sarcomeric and ion channel proteins. Based on multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings, these mRNA-hiPSC derived cardiomyocytes responded predictably to various pharmacologically active drugs that target adrenergic, sodium, calcium and potassium channels. The cardiomyocytes responded chronotropically to isoproterenol in a dose dependent manner, inotropic activity of nifidipine decreased spontaneous contractions. Moreover, Sotalol and E-4031 prolonged QT intervals, while TTX reduced sodium influx. Our results for the first time show a systemic evaluation based on molecular, structural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes differentiated from mRNA-iPSC. These results, coupled with feasibility of generating patient-specific iPSCs hold great promise for the development of large-scale generation of clinical grade cardiomyocytes for cardiac regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Mehta
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (AM); (WS)
| | - Vinod Verma
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manasi Nandihalli
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Glen L. Sequiera
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuliansa Sudibyo
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yingying Chung
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - William Sun
- Experimental and Therapeutics Centre, A’STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Winston Shim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (AM); (WS)
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18
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Sproul AA, Vensand LB, Dusenberry CR, Jacob S, Vonsattel JPG, Paull DJ, Shelanski ML, Crary JF, Noggle SA. Generation of iPSC lines from archived non-cryoprotected biobanked dura mater. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:4. [PMID: 24398250 PMCID: PMC3895779 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with neurodegenerative disease generally lack neuropathological confirmation, the gold standard for disease classification and grading of severity. The use of tissue with a definitive neuropathological diagnosis would be an ideal source for iPSCs. The challenge to this approach is that the majority of biobanked brain tissue was not meant for growing live cells, and thus was not frozen in the presence of cryoprotectants such as DMSO. RESULTS We report the generation of iPSCs from frozen non-cryoprotected dural tissue stored at -80°C for up to 11 years. This autopsy cohort included subjects with Alzheimer's disease and four other neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS Disease-specific iPSCs can be generated from readily available, archival biobanked tissue. This allows for rapid expansion of generating iPSCs with confirmed pathology as well as allowing access to rare patient variants that have been banked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Sproul
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lauren B Vensand
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carmen R Dusenberry
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Samson Jacob
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jean Paul G Vonsattel
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel J Paull
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael L Shelanski
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John F Crary
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Scott A Noggle
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
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19
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Närvä E, Pursiheimo JP, Laiho A, Rahkonen N, Emani MR, Viitala M, Laurila K, Sahla R, Lund R, Lähdesmäki H, Jaakkola P, Lahesmaa R. Continuous hypoxic culturing of human embryonic stem cells enhances SSEA-3 and MYC levels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78847. [PMID: 24236059 PMCID: PMC3827269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Low oxygen tension (hypoxia) contributes critically to pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) by preventing spontaneous differentiation and supporting self-renewal. However, it is not well understood how hESCs respond to reduced oxygen availability and what are the molecular mechanisms maintaining pluripotency in these conditions. In this study we characterized the transcriptional and molecular responses of three hESC lines (H9, HS401 and HS360) on short (2 hours), intermediate (24 hours) and prolonged (7 days) exposure to low oxygen conditions (4% O2). In response to prolonged hypoxia the expression of pluripotency surface marker SSEA-3 was increased. Furthermore, the genome wide gene-expression analysis revealed that a substantial proportion (12%) of all hypoxia-regulated genes in hESCs, were directly linked to the mechanisms controlling pluripotency or differentiation. Moreover, transcription of MYC oncogene was induced in response to continuous hypoxia. At the protein level MYC was stabilized through phosphorylation already in response to a short hypoxic exposure. Total MYC protein levels remained elevated throughout all the time points studied. Further, MYC protein expression in hypoxia was affected by silencing HIF2α, but not HIF1α. Since MYC has a crucial role in regulating pluripotency we propose that induction of sustained MYC expression in hypoxia contributes to activation of transcriptional programs critical for hESC self-renewal and maintenance of enhanced pluripotent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Närvä
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Pursiheimo
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Nelly Rahkonen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Maheswara Reddy Emani
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Miro Viitala
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsti Laurila
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Information and Computer Science at Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Roosa Sahla
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Information and Computer Science at Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riikka Lund
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Lähdesmäki
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Information and Computer Science at Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Panu Jaakkola
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku University and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Lin WM, Cao Y. [Cell surface carbohydrate and cancer stem cells]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2013; 42:641-643. [PMID: 24314258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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21
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Wang H, Sridhar B, Leinwand LA, Anseth KS. Characterization of cell subpopulations expressing progenitor cell markers in porcine cardiac valves. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69667. [PMID: 23936071 PMCID: PMC3720586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Valvular interstitial cells (VICs) are the main population of cells found in cardiac valves. These resident fibroblastic cells play important roles in maintaining proper valve function, and their dysregulation has been linked to disease progression in humans. Despite the critical functions of VICs, their cellular composition is still not well defined for humans and other mammals. Given the limited availability of healthy human valves and the similarity in valve structure and function between humans and pigs, we characterized porcine VICs (pVICs) based on expression of cell surface proteins and sorted a specific subpopulation of pVICs to study its functions. We found that small percentages of pVICs express the progenitor cell markers ABCG2 (~5%), NG2 (~5%) or SSEA-4 (~7%), whereas another subpopulation (~5%) expresses OB–CDH, a type of cadherin expressed by myofibroblasts or osteo-progenitors. pVICs isolated from either aortic or pulmonary valves express most of these protein markers at similar levels. Interestingly, OB–CDH, NG2 and SSEA-4 all label distinct valvular subpopulations relative to each other; however, NG2 and ABCG2 are co-expressed in the same cells. ABCG2+ cells were further characterized and found to deposit more calcified matrix than ABCG2- cells upon osteogenic induction, suggesting that they may be involved in the development of osteogenic VICs during valve pathology. Cell profiling based on flow cytometry and functional studies with sorted primary cells provide not only new and quantitative information about the cellular composition of porcine cardiac valves, but also contribute to our understanding of how a subpopulation of valvular cells (ABCG2+ cells) may participate in tissue repair and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Balaji Sridhar
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- *
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Zemel'ko VI, Kozhukharova IB, Alekseenko LL, Domnina AP, Reshetnikova GF, Puzanov MV, Dmitrieva RI, Grinchuk TM, Nikol'skiĭ NN, Anisimov SV. [Neurogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue and endometrium: a comparative study]. Tsitologiia 2013; 55:101-110. [PMID: 23718072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from many adult tissue sources. These cells are a valuable substrate in cell therapy for many diseases and injuries. Different types of MSCs vary in plasticity. We performed a comparative study of the neurogenic potential of three types of human MSCs derived from bone marrow (BMSCs), subcutaneous adipose tissue (ADSCs) and endometrium (isolated from the menstrual blood) (eMSCs). It was shown that all three types of MSC cultures demonstrate multipotent plasticity and predisposition to neurogenesis, based on the expression of pluripotency markers SSEA-4 and neuronal precursors' markers nestin and beta-III-tubulin. Further analysis revealed the transcription of the neuronal marker MAP2 and neurotrophin-3 in undifferentiated BMSCs and ADSCs. Additionally, a significant basal level of synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in eMSC culture was also observed. Stimulation of neural induction with such agents as 5-azacytidine, recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF), a recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), morphogen SHH (sonic hedgehog), retinoic acid (RA) and isobutyl-methyl-xanthine (IBMX), showed further differences in the neurogenic potential of the MSCs. The components of the extracellular matrix, such as Matrigel and laminin, were also the important inducers of differentiation. The most effective neural induction in BMSCs proceeded without the RA participation while the cells pretreated with 5-azacytidine. In contrary, in the case of eMSCs RA was a necessary agent of neural differentiation as it stimulated the transcription of neurotrophin-4 and the elevation of secretion level of BDNF. The use of laminin as the substrate in eMSCs appeared to be critical, though an incubation of the cells with 5-azacytidine was optional. As far as ADSCs, RA in combination with 5-azacytidine caused the elevation of expression of MAP2, but reduced the secretion of BDNF. Thus, the effect of RA on neural differentiation of ADSCs in ambiguous and, together with the study of its signaling pathways in the MSCs, requires further research. The therapeutic effect of transplanted MSCs is commonly explained by their paracrine activity. The high basal level of BDNF synthesis in the eMSCs, along with their high proliferative rate, non-invasive extraction and neural predisposition, is a powerful argument for the use of the intact eMSCs as a substrate in cell therapy to repair nerve tissue.
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Cheng D, Guo Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Gao X, Gao Y, Cheng X, Hu J, Wang H. Porcine induced pluripotent stem cells require LIF and maintain their developmental potential in early stage of embryos. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51778. [PMID: 23251622 PMCID: PMC3522612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine induced pluripotent stem (piPS) cell lines have been generated recently by using a cocktail of defined transcription factors, however, the features of authentic piPS cells have not been agreed upon and most of published iPS clones did not meet the stringent requirements of pluripotency. Here, we report the generation of piPS cells from fibroblasts using retrovirus carrying four mouse transcription factors (mOct4, mSox2, mKlf4 and mc-Myc, 4F). Multiple LIF-dependent piPS cell lines were generated and these cells showed the morphology similar to mouse embryonic stem cells and other pluripotent stem cells. In addition to the routine characterization, piPS cells were injected into porcine pre-compacted embryos to generate chimera embryos and nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. The results showed that piPS cells retain the ability to integrate into inner and outer layers of the blastocysts, and support the NT embryos development to blastocysts. The generations of chimera embryos and NT embryos derived from piPS clones are a practical means to determine the quality of iPS cells ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Cheng
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Guo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhe Hu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huayan Wang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Rostovskaya M, Anastassiadis K. Differential expression of surface markers in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell subpopulations with distinct lineage commitment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51221. [PMID: 23236457 PMCID: PMC3517475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM MSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of progenitors with potential for generation of skeletal tissues. However the identity of BM MSC subpopulations is poorly defined mainly due to the absence of specific markers allowing in situ localization of those cells and isolation of pure cell types. Here, we aimed at characterization of surface markers in mouse BM MSCs and in their subsets with distinct differentiation potential. Using conditionally immortalized BM MSCs we performed a screening with 176 antibodies and high-throughput flow cytometry, and found 33 markers expressed in MSCs, and among them 3 were novel for MSCs and 13 have not been reported for MSCs from mice. Furthermore, we obtained clonally derived MSC subpopulations and identified bipotential progenitors capable for osteo- and adipogenic differentiation, as well as monopotential osteogenic and adipogenic clones, and thus confirmed heterogeneity of MSCs. We found that expression of CD200 was characteristic for the clones with osteogenic potential, whereas SSEA4 marked adipogenic progenitors lacking osteogenic capacity, and CD140a was expressed in adipogenic cells independently of their efficiency for osteogenesis. We confirmed our observations in cell sorting experiments and further investigated the expression of those markers during the course of differentiation. Thus, our findings provide to our knowledge the most comprehensive characterization of surface antigens expression in mouse BM MSCs to date, and suggest CD200, SSEA4 and CD140a as markers differentially expressed in distinct types of MSC progenitors.
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Jones GN, Moschidou D, Puga-Iglesias TI, Kuleszewicz K, Vanleene M, Shefelbine SJ, Bou-Gharios G, Fisk NM, David AL, De Coppi P, Guillot PV. Ontological differences in first compared to third trimester human fetal placental chorionic stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43395. [PMID: 22962584 PMCID: PMC3433473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) isolated from fetal tissues hold promise for use in tissue engineering applications and cell-based therapies, but their collection is restricted ethically and technically. In contrast, the placenta is a potential source of readily-obtainable stem cells throughout pregnancy. In fetal tissues, early gestational stem cells are known to have advantageous characteristics over neonatal and adult stem cells. Accordingly, we investigated whether early fetal placental chorionic stem cells (e-CSC) were physiologically superior to their late gestation fetal chorionic counterparts (l-CSC). We showed that e-CSC shared a common phenotype with l-CSC, differentiating down the osteogenic, adipogenic and neurogenic pathways, and containing a subset of cells endogenously expressing NANOG, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4, as well as an array of genes expressed in pluripotent stem cells and primordial germ cells, including CD24, NANOG, SSEA4, SSEA3, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, STELLA, FRAGILIS, NANOS3, DAZL and SSEA1. However, we showed that e-CSC have characteristics of an earlier state of stemness compared to l-CSC, such as smaller size, faster kinetics, uniquely expressing OCT4A variant 1 and showing higher levels of expression of NANOG, SOX2, c-MYC and KLF4 than l-CSC. Furthermore e-CSC, but not l-CSC, formed embryoid bodies containing cells from the three germ layer lineages. Finally, we showed that e-CSC demonstrate higher tissue repair in vivo; when transplanted in the osteogenesis imperfecta mice, e-CSC, but not l-CSC increased bone quality and plasticity; and when applied to a skin wound, e-CSC, but not l-CSC, accelerated healing compared to controls. Our results provide insight into the ontogeny of the stemness phenotype during fetal development and suggest that the more primitive characteristics of early compared to late gestation fetal chorionic stem cells may be translationally advantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma N. Jones
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dafni Moschidou
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katarzyna Kuleszewicz
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilien Vanleene
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - George Bou-Gharios
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M. Fisk
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna L. David
- Prenatal Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Surgery Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale V. Guillot
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The origin of infantile haemangioma (IH) remains enigmatic. A primitive mesodermal phenotype origin of IH with the ability to differentiate down erythropoietic and terminal mesenchymal lineages has recently been demonstrated. AIMS To investigate the expression of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) markers in IH and to determine whether IH-derived cells have the functional capacity to form teratoma in vivo. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative reverse transcription PCR were used to investigate the expression of hESC markers in IH biopsies. The ability of cells derived from proliferating IH to form teratomas in a mouse xenograft model was investigated. RESULTS The hESC markers, Oct-4, STAT-3 and stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 were collectively expressed on the endothelium of proliferating IH lesions, whereas Nanog was not. Nanog was expressed by cells in the interstitium and these cells did not express Oct-4, stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 or STAT-3. Proliferating IH-derived cells were unable to form teratomas in severely compromised immunodeficient/non-obese diabetic mice. CONCLUSION The novel expression of hESC on two different populations of cells in proliferating IH and their inability to form teratomas in vivo infer the presence of a primitive cellular origin for IH downstream from hESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinte Itinteang
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Abstract
FoxA1 belongs to the fork head/winged-helix transcription factor family and participates in stimulating neuronal differentiation of pluripotent stem cells at early stages. To explore the biological roles of FoxA1 during this process, the stable expression of a GFP-FoxA1 fusion protein was established in P19 pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells. Although they still express pluripotency-related transcription factors such as Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2, the generated P19 GFPFoxA1 cells exhibited a decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase and an increased expression of SSEA-3 compared with P19 cells. Elevated levels of nestin expression and prominin-1+ populations were observed in P19 GFPFoxA1 cells, implicating that the stable expression of FoxA1 promoted P19 cells to gain partial characteristics of neural stem cells. Furthermore, the promoter of nestin was confirmed to be bound and activated by FoxA1 directly. The expression of neuron-specific marker tubulin betaIII also existed in P19 GFPFoxA1 cells. P19 GFPFoxA1 cells showed an earlier onset of differentiation during RA-induced neuronal differentiation, evidenced by a more rapid change on the Nanog decrease and the tubulin betaIII increase. Thus, overexpression of FoxA1 alone may promote pluripotent P19 cells to become neural stem-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guixiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongjun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To isolate and characterization of human spermatogonial stem cells from stem spermatogonium. METHODS The disassociation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) were performed using enzymatic digestion of type I collagenase and trypsin. The SSCs were isolated by using Percoll density gradient centrifugation, followed by differential surface-attachment method. Octamer-4(OCT4)-positive SSC cells were further identified using immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry technques. The purity of the human SSCs was also determined, and a co-culture system for SSCs and Sertoli cells was established. RESULTS The cell viability was 91.07% for the suspension of human spermatogonial stem cells dissociated using a two-step enzymatic digestion process. The cells isolated from Percoll density gradient coupled with differential surface-attachement purification were OCT4 positive, indicating the cells were human spermatogonial stem cells. The purity of isolated human spermatogonial stem cells was 86.7% as assessed by flow cytometry. The isolated SSCs were shown to form stable human spermatogonial stem cell colonies on the feeder layer of the Sertoli cells. CONCLUSIONS The two-step enzyme digestion (by type I collagenase and trypsin) process is an economical, simple and reproducible technique for isolating human spermatogonial stem cells. With little contamination and less cell damage, this method facilitates isolated human spermatogonial stem cells to form a stable cell colony on the supporting cell layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixue Liu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ziwei Tang
- West China Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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29
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Fazzi R, Pacini S, Carnicelli V, Trombi L, Montali M, Lazzarini E, Petrini M. Mesodermal progenitor cells (MPCs) differentiate into mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) by activation of Wnt5/calmodulin signalling pathway. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25600. [PMID: 21980498 PMCID: PMC3183072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) remain poorly characterized because of the absence of manifest physical, phenotypic, and functional properties in cultured cell populations. Despite considerable research on MSCs and their clinical application, the biology of these cells is not fully clarified and data on signalling activation during mesenchymal differentiation and proliferation are controversial. The role of Wnt pathways is still debated, partly due to culture heterogeneity and methodological inconsistencies. Recently, we described a new bone marrow cell population isolated from MSC cultures that we named Mesodermal Progenitor Cells (MPCs) for their mesenchymal and endothelial differentiation potential. An optimized culture method allowed the isolation from human adult bone marrow of a highly pure population of MPCs (more than 97%), that showed the distinctive SSEA-4+CD105+CD90neg phenotype and not expressing MSCA-1 antigen. Under these selective culture conditions the percentage of MSCs (SSEA-4negCD105+CD90bright and MSCA-1+), in the primary cultures, resulted lower than 2%. Methodology/Principal Finding We demonstrate that MPCs differentiate to MSCs through an SSEA-4+CD105+CD90bright early intermediate precursor. Differentiation paralleled the activation of Wnt5/Calmodulin signalling by autocrine/paracrine intense secretion of Wnt5a and Wnt5b (p<0.05 vs uncondictioned media), which was later silenced in late MSCs (SSEA-4neg). We found the inhibition of this pathway by calmidazolium chloride specifically blocked mesenchymal induction (ID50 = 0.5 µM, p<0.01), while endothelial differentiation was unaffected. Conclusion The present study describes two different putative progenitors (early and late MSCs) that, together with already described MPCs, could be co-isolated and expanded in different percentages depending on the culture conditions. These results suggest that some modifications to the widely accepted MSC nomenclature are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Fazzi
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Pacini
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Vittoria Carnicelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Uomo e dell'Ambiente, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Trombi
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Montali
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Lazzarini
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Petrini
- Hematology Division, Department of Oncology, Transplants and New Advances in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Arufe MC, De la Fuente A, Mateos J, Fuentes I, De Toro FJ, Blanco FJ. Analysis of the chondrogenic potential and secretome of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord stroma. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1199-212. [PMID: 20977334 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from umbilical cord stroma were isolated by plastic adherence and characterized by flow cytometry, looking for cells positive for OCT3/4 and SSEA-4 as well as the classic MSC markers CD44, CD73, CD90, Ki67, CD105, and CD106 and negative for CD34 and CD45. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the genes ALP, MEF2C, MyoD, LPL, FAB4, and AMP, characteristic for the differentiated lineages, were used to evaluate early and late differentiation of 3 germ lines. Direct chondrogenic differentiation was achieved through spheroid formation by MSCs in a chondrogenic medium and the presence of chondrogenic markers at 4, 7, 14, 28, and 46 days of culture was tested. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses were utilized to assess the expression of collagen type I, collagen type II, and collagen type X throughout the time studied. We found expression of all the markers as early as 4 days of chondrogenic differentiation culture, with their expression increasing with time, except for collagen type I, which decreased in expression in the formed spheroids after 4 days of differentiation. The signaling role of Wnt during chondrogenic differentiation was studied by western blot. We observed that β-catenin expression decreased during the chondrogenic process. Further, a secretome study to validate our model of differentiation in vitro was performed on spheroids formed during the chondrogenesis process. Our results indicate the multipotential capacity of this source of human cells; their chondrogenic capacity could be useful for future cell therapy in articular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Arufe
- Department of Medicine, Area of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Faculty of Health Science, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Sung HJ, Hong SC, Yoo JH, Oh JH, Shin HJ, Choi IY, Ahn KH, Kim SH, Park Y, Kim BS. Stemness evaluation of mesenchymal stem cells from placentas according to developmental stage: comparison to those from adult bone marrow. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:1418-26. [PMID: 20890420 PMCID: PMC2946649 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.10.1418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was done to evaluate the stemness of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) derived from placenta according to the development stage and to compare the results to those from adult bone marrow (BM). Based on the source of hMSCs, three groups were defined: group I included term placentas, group II included first-trimester placentas, and group III included adult BM samples. The stemness was evaluated by the proliferation capacity, immunophenotypic expression, mesoderm differentiation, expression of pluripotency markers including telomerase activity. The cumulative population doubling, indicating the proliferation capacity, was significantly higher in group II (P<0.001, 31.7±5.8 vs. 15.7±6.2 with group I, 9.2±4.9 with group III). The pattern of immunophenotypic expression and mesoderm differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes were similar in all three groups. The expression of pluripotency markers including ALP, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, Oct-4, and telomerase were strongly positive in group II, but very faint positive in the other groups. In conclusions, hMSCs from placentas have different characteristics according to their developmental stage and express mesenchymal stemness potentials similar to those from adult human BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jung Sung
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Cheol Hong
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Oh
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Shin
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Young Choi
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Ahn
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Haeng Kim
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Park
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Pang R, Zhang Y, Pan X, Gu R, Hou X, Xiang P, Liu Z, Zhu X, Hu J, Zhao J, Zhang C. Embryonic-like stem cell derived from adult bone marrow: immature morphology, cell surface markers, ultramicrostructure and differentiation into multinucleated fibers in vitro. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2010; 56 Suppl:OL1276-OL1285. [PMID: 20385079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic-like stem cell (ELSC), expressing part of surface markers of human embryonic stem cells, may be a better candidate for cell therapy of degenerative muscular disease than mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). We isolated ELSC and MSC from bone marrow, respectively, and compared their differences in the characteristics and the capacity of myogenic differentiation. Results showed that ELSC could be isolated successfully from 3 adult bone marrow samples by using serum-free medium with 10ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). At the same cell density, MSC could also be isolated from the same samples by using DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% new cattle serum. However, ELSC appeared as small, morphologically slenderer, upregulated expression of SSEA-4 and ultramicroscopically more immature than MSC derived from the same samples. Immunofluorescent staining and RT-PCR analysis showed ELSC weakly expressed Oct-4, Nanog-3 and Sox-2. Moreover, ELSC and MSC could be induced into long, multinucleated fibers expressing myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MHC) in myogenic differentiation medium, but by day 10, proportion of multinucleated fibers positive for MHC was respectively 25.0%+/-6.9% and 13.8%+/-7.6% in ELSC and MSC culture. These data suggest that bone marrow derived ELSC represent an ideal candidate for cell therapy of degenerative muscular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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Zhu WW, Li N, Wang F, Fu LL, Xu YL, Guan YQ, Zhang Y. [Different types of feeder cells for maintenance of human embryonic stem cells]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2009; 31:468-472. [PMID: 19771736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of different types of feeder cells on supporting undifferentiation and high proliferation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC). METHODS hESC were seeded on mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), human marrow stromal cells (hMSC), and human foreskin fibroblasts (hFF), respectively. Colony number, cell quantity after digestion, and survival rate were observed by alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining and Trypan blue, and the biological properties of hESC after 5 passages were observed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Although all the three feeder layers could support the formation of hESC colonies and maintain pluripotency, the morphology of colonies on different feeder layers remarkably varied. The stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 and AP staining were positive on three types of feeders. The number of colonies, number of cells produced, and cell survival rates were significantly higher on MEF than on human feeder cells (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the number of AP-positive colonies and cell quantity were also significantly higher on hMSC than on hFF (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS All three types of feeder cells are able to support the growth of hMSC, although MEF are more favourable for the proliferation. Two types of human feeder cells lay the foundation for the removal of animal-derived hESC culture system. hMSC is superior to hFF in supporting the proliferation of hESC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Wan Zhu
- Department of Cell Therapy, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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Intawicha P, Ou YW, Lo NW, Zhang SC, Chen YZ, Lin TA, Su HL, Guu HF, Chen MJ, Lee KH, Chiu YT, Ju JC. Characterization of embryonic stem cell lines derived from New Zealand white rabbit embryos. Cloning Stem Cells 2009; 11:27-38. [PMID: 19220131 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2008.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to examine technical details in deriving and maintaining rabbit embryonic stem (rES) cell lines and to analyze their characteristics. When STO cells were used as feeder cells, no rES cell lines were established using either intact blastocysts or inner cell masses (ICMs). On the mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) feeder, rES cell lines were efficiently (24%) derived. Addition of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to the cells cultured on the MEF feeders further increased the derivation efficiency (57%) of rES cells. The fact that LIF induced serine-phosphorylation of STAT3 suggested LIF-dependent maintenance of rES cells. Most of the rES cell lines expressed AP, SSEA-4, Oct4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81. Western blot or RT-PCR analysis also confirmed the expression of Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2. When induced to form EBs in vitro or injected to the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, the rES cells generated embryoid bodies (EBs) and teratomas with three germ layers expressing the marker genes including MAP2, Desmin, and GATA4, respectively. In conclusion, rabbit ES cell lines can be efficiently established using our current protocols with LIF supplement. These ES cells express pluripotent stem cell markers and retain their capability to differentiate into different tissue cells. Furthermore, rES cells depend on LIF for self-renewal, likely via the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payungsuk Intawicha
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Garcia-Lavandeira M, Quereda V, Flores I, Saez C, Diaz-Rodriguez E, Japon MA, Ryan AK, Blasco MA, Dieguez C, Malumbres M, Alvarez CV. A GRFa2/Prop1/stem (GPS) cell niche in the pituitary. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4815. [PMID: 19283075 PMCID: PMC2654029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adult endocrine pituitary is known to host several hormone-producing cells regulating major physiological processes during life. Some candidates to progenitor/stem cells have been proposed. However, not much is known about pituitary cell renewal throughout life and its homeostatic regulation during specific physiological changes, such as puberty or pregnancy, or in pathological conditions such as tumor development. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have identified in rodents and humans a niche of non-endocrine cells characterized by the expression of GFRa2, a Ret co-receptor for Neurturin. These cells also express b-Catenin and E-cadherin in an oriented manner suggesting a planar polarity organization for the niche. In addition, cells in the niche uniquely express the pituitary-specific transcription factor Prop1, as well as known progenitor/stem markers such as Sox2, Sox9 and Oct4. Half of these GPS (GFRa2/Prop1/Stem) cells express S-100 whereas surrounding elongated cells in contact with GPS cells express Vimentin. GFRa2+-cells form non-endocrine spheroids in culture. These spheroids can be differentiated to hormone-producing cells or neurons outlining the neuroectoderm potential of these progenitors. In vivo, GPSs cells display slow proliferation after birth, retain BrdU label and show long telomeres in its nuclei, indicating progenitor/stem cell properties in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest the presence in the adult pituitary of a specific niche of cells characterized by the expression of GFRa2, the pituitary-specific protein Prop1 and stem cell markers. These GPS cells are able to produce different hormone-producing and neuron-like cells and they may therefore contribute to postnatal pituitary homeostasis. Indeed, the relative abundance of GPS numbers is altered in Cdk4-deficient mice, a model of hypopituitarism induced by the lack of this cyclin-dependent kinase. Thus, GPS cells may display functional relevance in the physiological expansion of the pituitary gland throughout life as well as protection from pituitary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Garcia-Lavandeira
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Víctor Quereda
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Flores
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Saez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Esther Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Japon
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Aymee K. Ryan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University (MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria A. Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Obesity & Nutrition (ISCIII), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MM); (CVA)
| | - Clara V. Alvarez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail: (MM); (CVA)
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Qian K, Chen H, Zhang HW, Jin L, Li YF, Zhang SM, Zhu GJ. [Establishment of two human embryonic stem cell lines from cleavage arrested embryos]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2007; 42:608-611. [PMID: 17983516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether cleavage developmentally retarded embryos have not cleaved during a 24 hour period could develop into blastocysts and produce hESC cell lines. METHODS A total of 120 such embryos were cultured to blastocyst stage by sequential culture. Blastocysts formation rate and quality of blastocyst were detected under microscope. The relation between blastocyst formation rate and blastomere number, the fragment of blastomere and blastomere symmetry were analyzed by stepwise Logistical regression analysis. Inner cell masses (ICMs) were isolated by immunosurgery. Colonies derived from the ICMs were passed every 4 - 7 days and the derivatives were passaged and identified. RESULTS A total of 22 blastocysts were obtained from 120 embryos. The blastulation rate was 18.7%. Early blatocyst, blastocyst, full blastocyst, expanded blastocyst, hatching blastocyst and hatched blastocyst accounted for 5.9%, 23.5%, 35.3%, 23.5%, 5.9%, and 5.9% respectively. The grade of ICM and trophoblast was mostly scored C or B. Blastocyst formation rate was related to cell number and blastomere symmetry but not fragment. Immunosurgery resulted in the formation of 7 ICMs and 3 primary colonies, which produced 2 cell lines. The cell lines satisfied the criteria that characterize pluripotent hESC cells. Undifferentiated cells were positive for AKP, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81. It could continue to proliferate in vitro and form embryoid bodies when cultured in suspension. It had capability to form teratoma in SCID mice. Both cell lines had normal karyotypes after 45 and 34 passages respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that a subset of developmentally retarded embryos can form blastocysts and give rise to hESC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medicine College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Li XH, Cong HC, Wang Z, Wu CF, Cao YL. [Isolation and culture of human pluripotent embryonic germ cells]. Shi Yan Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2002; 35:142-6. [PMID: 15344333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
To establish human pluripotent embryonic germ (EG) cell lines, human primordial germ cells (PGCs) of embryos aborted in 5-9 week were cultured on inactive mouse STO fibroblast feeder. The medium contained human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF), human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF) and forskolin. The EG cells could be passaged continuously until 12 generations. Most cells were positive in alkaline phosphatase staining and expressed cell surface antigen SSEA-3 and pluripotent marker Oct-4. These EG cell populations that retained normal karyotype could form embryoid body in culture and differentiate further into neuron-like cells, mucous epithelial cells, epithelial cells and other types of the cells spontaneously. These results indicated the cell clones derived from human PGCs resemble pluripotent EG cells from mouse PGCs in appearance or nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hong Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Plastic Surgery, The 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai 2nd Medical University, Shanghai 200011
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