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Nath SC, Babaei-Abraki S, Meng G, Heale KA, Hsu CYM, Rancourt DE. A retinoid analogue, TTNPB, promotes clonal expansion of human pluripotent stem cells by upregulating CLDN2 and HoxA1. Commun Biol 2024; 7:190. [PMID: 38365890 PMCID: PMC10873380 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic dissociation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into single cells during routine passage leads to massive cell death. Although the Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, Y-27632 can enhance hPSC survival and proliferation at high seeding density, dissociated single cells undergo apoptosis at clonal density. This presents a major hurdle when deriving genetically modified hPSC lines since transfection and genome editing efficiencies are not satisfactory. As a result, colonies tend to contain heterogeneous mixtures of both modified and unmodified cells, making it difficult to isolate the desired clone buried within the colony. In this study, we report improved clonal expansion of hPSCs using a retinoic acid analogue, TTNPB. When combined with Y-27632, TTNPB synergistically increased hPSC cloning efficiency by more than 2 orders of magnitude (0.2% to 20%), whereas TTNPB itself increased more than double cell number expansion compared to Y-27632. Furthermore, TTNPB-treated cells showed two times higher aggregate formation and cell proliferation compared to Y-27632 in suspension culture. TTNPB-treated cells displayed a normal karyotype, pluripotency and were able to stochastically differentiate into all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. TTNBP acts, in part, by promoting cellular adhesion and self-renewal through the upregulation of Claudin 2 and HoxA1. By promoting clonal expansion, TTNPB provides a new approach for isolating and expanding pure hPSCs for future cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman C Nath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Shahnaz Babaei-Abraki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kali A Heale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Charlie Y M Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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2
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Wu X, Ni Y, Li W, Yang B, Yang X, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Wu X, Shen Q, Liao Z, Yuan L, Chen Y, Du Q, Wang C, Liu P, Miao Y, Li N, Zhang S, Liao M, Hua J. Rapid conversion of porcine pluripotent stem cells into macrophages with chemically defined conditions. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105556. [PMID: 38097188 PMCID: PMC10825052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A renewable source of porcine macrophages derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) would be a valuable alternative to primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in the research of host-pathogen interaction mechanisms. We developed an efficient and rapid protocol, within 11 days, to derive macrophages from porcine PSCs (pPSCs). The pPSC-derived macrophages (pPSCdMs) exhibited molecular and functional characteristics of primary macrophages. The pPSCdMs showed macrophage-specific surface protein expression and macrophage-specific transcription factors, similar to PAMs. The pPSCdMs also exhibited the functional characteristics of macrophages, such as endocytosis, phagocytosis, porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus infection and the response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Furthermore, we performed transcriptome sequencing of the whole differentiation process to track the fate transitions of porcine PSCs involved in the signaling pathway. The activation of transforming growth factor beta signaling was required for the formation of mesoderm and the inhibition of the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway at the hematopoietic endothelium stage could enhance the fate transformation of hematopoiesis. In summary, we developed an efficient and rapid protocol to generate pPSCdMs that showed aspects of functional maturity comparable with PAMs. pPSCdMs could provide a broad prospect for the platforms of host-pathogen interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Ni
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinchun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenshuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juqing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liming Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengbao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pentao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiliang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mingzhi Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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3
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Hu Y, Yang Y, Tan P, Zhang Y, Han M, Yu J, Zhang X, Jia Z, Wang D, Yao K, Pang H, Hu Z, Li Y, Ma T, Liu K, Ding S. Induction of mouse totipotent stem cells by a defined chemical cocktail. Nature 2023; 617:792-797. [PMID: 35728625 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In mice, only the zygotes and blastomeres from 2-cell embryos are authentic totipotent stem cells (TotiSCs) capable of producing all the differentiated cells in both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues and forming an entire organism1. However, it remains unknown whether and how totipotent stem cells can be established in vitro in the absence of germline cells. Here we demonstrate the induction and long-term maintenance of TotiSCs from mouse pluripotent stem cells using a combination of three small molecules: the retinoic acid analogue TTNPB, 1-azakenpaullone and the kinase blocker WS6. The resulting chemically induced totipotent stem cells (ciTotiSCs), resembled mouse totipotent 2-cell embryo cells at the transcriptome, epigenome and metabolome levels. In addition, ciTotiSCs exhibited bidirectional developmental potentials and were able to produce both embryonic and extraembryonic cells in vitro and in teratoma. Furthermore, following injection into 8-cell embryos, ciTotiSCs contributed to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages with high efficiency. Our chemical approach to totipotent stem cell induction and maintenance provides a defined in vitro system for manipulating and developing understanding of the totipotent state and the development of multicellular organisms from non-germline cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxia Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeran Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhua Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Kang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Sheng Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Dai Y, Wang H, Sun R, Diao J, Ma Y, Shao M, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Gao Z, Zeng Z, Zhang L, Sun X. Modified Shenlingbaizhu Decoction represses the pluripotency of colorectal cancer stem cells by inhibiting TGF-β mediated EMT program. Phytomedicine 2022; 103:154234. [PMID: 35689903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Modified Shenlingbaizhu Decoction (MSD) utilizes various phytomedicines has been applied to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). Colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) have proven to be tightly associated with CRC progression and metastasis. The mechanism of MSD's inhibitory effect on CSCs has not been determined. PURPOSE To figure out how MSD inhibits the pluripotency of CSCs and impedes the EMT program. METHODS The ingredients of MSD extracts were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). BALB/c-nu mice were transplanted into EGFP labeled SW480 CRC cells and the tumor weight and volume were recorded before and after various doses of MSD treatment. The concentration of TGF-β1 was quantified with an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To delineate the logical relationship between EMT and CSCs regulated by MSD, TGF-β/Smad inhibitor and activator were adopted in tumor-bearing mice and diverse CRC cell lines. Cancer stem cell markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. In vitro analysis of cell motility and viability were done using CCK-8, wound healing, and invasion assay. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting (WB) were used for detecting protein expression. The collected results were statistically analyzed with GraphPad Prism 8.0. RESULTS MSD treatment significantly reduced the size of colorectal cancer tumors and lowered the serum content of TGF-β1 in mice. Importantly, MSD markedly reduced the expression of pluripotent factors and depressed CD133+ stem cells in the tumor tissues. The TGF-β/Smad inhibitor neutralized the EMT signaling and lowered the pluripotency by dephosphorylation of SMAD2/3. Similarly, MSD attenuated the pluripotency by limiting TGF-β/Smad signaling-induced EMT in vivo. MSD inhibited colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSIONS MSD inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer. It dampens the pluripotency of CSCs by repressing the TGF-β-induced EMT program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruibo Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxin Diao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihua Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuowei Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; Shunde Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528333, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyun Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; Department of traditional Chinese medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Chakraborty AR, Vassilev A, Jaiswal SK, O'Connell CE, Ahrens JF, Mallon BS, Pera MF, DePamphilis ML. Selective elimination of pluripotent stem cells by PIKfyve specific inhibitors. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:397-412. [PMID: 35063131 PMCID: PMC8828683 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of PIKfyve phosphoinositide kinase selectively kills autophagy-dependent cancer cells by disrupting lysosome homeostasis. Here, we show that PIKfyve inhibitors can also selectively eliminate pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs), embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells under conditions where differentiated cells remain viable. PIKfyve inhibitors prevented lysosome fission, induced autophagosome accumulation, and reduced cell proliferation in both pluripotent and differentiated cells, but they induced death only in pluripotent cells. The ability of PIKfyve inhibitors to distinguish between pluripotent and differentiated cells was confirmed with xenografts derived from ECCs. Pretreatment of ECCs with the PIKfyve specific inhibitor WX8 suppressed their ability to form teratocarcinomas in mice, and intraperitoneal injections of WX8 into mice harboring teratocarcinoma xenografts selectively eliminated pluripotent cells. Differentiated cells continued to proliferate, but at a reduced rate. These results provide a proof of principle that PIKfyve specific inhibitors can selectively eliminate pluripotent stem cells in vivo as well as in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup R Chakraborty
- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6A/3A15, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2790, USA
| | - Alex Vassilev
- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6A/3A15, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2790, USA
| | - Sushil K Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6A/3A15, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2790, USA
| | - Constandina E O'Connell
- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6A/3A15, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2790, USA
| | - John F Ahrens
- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6A/3A15, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2790, USA
| | - Barbara S Mallon
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Melvin L DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 6A/3A15, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-2790, USA.
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Raad FS, Khan TA, Esser TU, Hudson JE, Seth BI, Fujita B, Gandamala R, Tietze LF, Zimmermann WH. Chalcone-Supported Cardiac Mesoderm Induction in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Heart Muscle Engineering. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3300-3305. [PMID: 34309224 PMCID: PMC8597156 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold great promise for applications in cell therapy and drug screening in the cardiovascular field. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is key for early cardiac mesoderm induction in hPSC and subsequent cardiomyocyte derivation. Small-molecular BMP4 mimetics may help to standardize cardiomyocyte derivation from hPSCs. Based on observations that chalcones can stimulate BMP4 signaling pathways, we hypothesized their utility in cardiac mesoderm induction. To test this, we set up a two-tiered screening strategy, (1) for directed differentiation of hPSCs with commercially available chalcones (4'-hydroxychalcone [4'HC] and Isoliquiritigen) and 24 newly synthesized chalcone derivatives, and (2) a functional screen to assess the propensity of the obtained cardiomyocytes to self-organize into contractile engineered human myocardium (EHM). We identified 4'HC, 4-fluoro-4'-methoxychalcone, and 4-fluoro-4'-hydroxychalcone as similarly effective in cardiac mesoderm induction, but only 4'HC as an effective replacement for BMP4 in the derivation of contractile EHM-forming cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah S. Raad
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical CenterGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Taukeer A. Khan
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Tilman U. Esser
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical CenterGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - James E. Hudson
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical CenterGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Bhakti Irene Seth
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical CenterGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Buntaro Fujita
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical CenterGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Ravi Gandamala
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz F. Tietze
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical CenterGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)Georg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany
- DZNE (German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases) – Partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP)GöttingenGermany
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Sousa Fialho MDL, Purnama U, Dennis KMJH, Montes Aparicio CN, Castro-Guarda M, Massourides E, Tyler DJ, Carr CA, Heather LC. Activation of HIF1α Rescues the Hypoxic Response and Reverses Metabolic Dysfunction in the Diabetic Heart. Diabetes 2021; 70:2518-2531. [PMID: 34526367 PMCID: PMC8564414 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) impairs hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α activation, a master transcription factor that drives cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Reduced activation of HIF1α contributes to the impaired post-ischemic remodeling observed following myocardial infarction in T2D. Molidustat is an HIF stabilizer currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of renal anemia associated with chronic kidney disease; however, it may provide a route to pharmacologically activate HIF1α in the T2D heart. In human cardiomyocytes, molidustat stabilized HIF1α and downstream HIF target genes, promoting anaerobic glucose metabolism. In hypoxia, insulin resistance blunted HIF1α activation and downstream signaling, but this was reversed by molidustat. In T2D rats, oral treatment with molidustat rescued the cardiac metabolic dysfunction caused by T2D, promoting glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function, while suppressing fatty acid oxidation and lipid accumulation. This resulted in beneficial effects on post-ischemic cardiac function, with the impaired contractile recovery in T2D heart reversed by molidustat treatment. In conclusion, pharmacological HIF1α stabilization can overcome the blunted hypoxic response induced by insulin resistance. In vivo this corrected the abnormal metabolic phenotype and impaired post-ischemic recovery of the diabetic heart. Therefore, molidustat may be an effective compound to further explore the clinical translatability of HIF1α activation in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ujang Purnama
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Kaitlyn M J H Dennis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | - Marcos Castro-Guarda
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Emmanuelle Massourides
- Centre d'Etude des Cellules Souches/I-Stem, INSERM UMR 861, AFM-Téléthon, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.
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8
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Amirruddin NS, Tan WX, Tan YS, Gardner DSL, Bee YM, Verma CS, Hoon S, Lee KO, Teo AKK. Progressive endoplasmic reticulum stress over time due to human insulin gene mutation contributes to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2534-2549. [PMID: 34448879 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We studied the effects of heterozygous human INS gene mutations on insulin secretion, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and other mechanisms in both MIN6 and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived beta-like cells, as well as the effects of prolonged overexpression of mutant human INS in MIN6 cells. METHODS We modelled the structure of mutant C109Y and G32V proinsulin computationally to examine the in silico effects. We then overexpressed either wild-type (WT), mutant (C109Y or G32V), or both WT and mutant human preproinsulin in MIN6 cells, both transiently and stably over several weeks. We measured the levels of human and rodent insulin secreted, and examined the transcript and protein levels of several ER stress and apoptotic markers. We also reprogrammed human donor fibroblasts heterozygous for the C109Y mutation into hiPSCs and differentiated these into pancreatic beta-like cells, which were subjected to single-cell RNA-sequencing and transcript and protein analyses for ER stress and apoptotic markers. RESULTS The computational modelling studies, and short-term and long-term expression studies in beta cells, revealed the presence of ER stress, organelle changes and insulin processing defects, resulting in a decreased amount of insulin secreted but not the ability to secrete insulin. By 9 weeks of expression of mutant human INS, dominant-negative effects of mutant INS were evident and beta cell insulin secretory capacity declined. INS+/C109Y patient-derived beta-like cells and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses then revealed compensatory upregulation in genes involved in insulin secretion, processing and inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results provide deeper insights into the mechanisms of beta cell failure during INS mutation-mediated diabetes disease progression. Decreasing spliced X-box binding protein 1 (sXBP1) or inflammatory response could be avenues to restore the function of the remaining WT INS allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Shabrina Amirruddin
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Xuan Tan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yaw Sing Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Daphne Su-Lyn Gardner
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yong Mong Bee
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chandra Shekhar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, IMCB, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kok Onn Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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9
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Abu-Bonsrah KD, Newgreen DF, Dottori M. Development of Functional Thyroid C Cell-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Cells in 2D and in 3D Scaffolds. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112897. [PMID: 34831120 PMCID: PMC8616516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma contributes to about 3–4% of thyroid cancers and affects C cells rather than follicular cells. Thyroid C cell differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells has not been reported. We report the stepwise differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into thyroid C cell-like cells through definitive endoderm and anterior foregut endoderm and ultimobranchial body-like intermediates in monolayer and 3D Matrigel culture conditions. The protocol involved sequential treatment with interferon/transferrin/selenium/pyruvate, foetal bovine serum, and activin A, then IGF-1 (Insulin-like growth factor 1), on the basis of embryonic thyroid developmental sequence. As well as expressing C cell lineage relative to follicular-lineage markers by qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and immunolabelling, these cells by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) exhibited functional properties in vitro of calcitonin storage and release of calcitonin on calcium challenge. This method will contribute to developmental studies of the human thyroid gland and facilitate in vitro modelling of medullary thyroid carcinoma and provide a valuable platform for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Dad Abu-Bonsrah
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.A.-B.); (D.F.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Donald F. Newgreen
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.A.-B.); (D.F.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: (K.D.A.-B.); (D.F.N.); (M.D.)
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10
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Roth JG, Huang MS, Li TL, Feig VR, Jiang Y, Cui B, Greely HT, Bao Z, Paşca SP, Heilshorn SC. Advancing models of neural development with biomaterials. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:593-615. [PMID: 34376834 PMCID: PMC8612873 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a promising in vitro model system for studying the brain. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture paradigms have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, but they remain limited in their capacity to model certain features of human neural development. Specifically, current models do not efficiently incorporate extracellular matrix-derived biochemical and biophysical cues, facilitate multicellular spatio-temporal patterning, or achieve advanced functional maturation. Engineered biomaterials have the capacity to create increasingly biomimetic neural microenvironments, yet further refinement is needed before these approaches are widely implemented. This Review therefore highlights how continued progression and increased integration of engineered biomaterials may be well poised to address intractable challenges in recapitulating human neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien G Roth
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle S Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas L Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vivian R Feig
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henry T Greely
- Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sergiu P Paşca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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11
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Pereckova J, Pekarova M, Szamecova N, Hoferova Z, Kamarytova K, Falk M, Perecko T. Nitro-Oleic Acid Inhibits Stemness Maintenance and Enhances Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells via STAT3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189981. [PMID: 34576143 PMCID: PMC8468660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA), pluripotent cell-signaling mediator, was recently described as a modulator of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity. In our study, we discovered new aspects of NO2-OA involvement in the regulation of stem cell pluripotency and differentiation. Murine embryonic stem cells (mESC) or mESC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) were exposed to NO2-OA or oleic acid (OA) for selected time periods. Our results showed that NO2-OA but not OA caused the loss of pluripotency of mESC cultivated in leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) rich medium via the decrease of pluripotency markers (NANOG, sex-determining region Y-box 1 transcription factor (SOX2), and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4)). The effects of NO2-OA on mESC correlated with reduced phosphorylation of STAT3. Subsequent differentiation led to an increase of the ectodermal marker orthodenticle homolog 2 (Otx2). Similarly, treatment of mESC-derived EBs by NO2-OA resulted in the up-regulation of both neural markers Nestin and β-Tubulin class III (Tubb3). Interestingly, the expression of cardiac-specific genes and beating of EBs were significantly decreased. In conclusion, NO2-OA is able to modulate pluripotency of mESC via the regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation. Further, it attenuates cardiac differentiation on the one hand, and on the other hand, it directs mESC into neural fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pereckova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
| | - Nikoletta Szamecova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hoferova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
| | - Kristyna Kamarytova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Falk
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomas Perecko
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
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12
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Tegtmeyer M, Nehme R. Leveraging the Genetic Diversity of Human Stem Cells in Therapeutic Approaches. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167221. [PMID: 34474087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery 15 years ago, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technologies have begun to revolutionize science and medicine, rapidly expanding beyond investigative research to drug discovery and development. Efforts to leverage hPSCs over the last decade have focused on increasing both the complexity and in vivo fidelity of human cellular models through enhanced differentiation methods. While these evolutions have fostered novel insights into disease mechanisms and influenced clinical drug discovery and development, there are still several considerations that limit the utility of hPSC models. In this review, we highlight important, yet underexplored avenues to broaden their reach. We focus on (i) the importance of diversifying existing hPSC collections, and their utilization to investigate therapeutic strategies in individuals from different genetic backgrounds, ancestry and sex; (ii) considerations for the selection of therapeutically relevant hPSC-based models; (iii) strategies to adequately increase the scale of cell-based studies; and (iv) the advances and constraints of clinical trials in a dish. Moreover, we advocate for harnessing the translational capabilities of hPSC models along with the use of innovative, scalable approaches for understanding genetic biases and the impact of sex and ancestry on disease mechanisms and drug efficacy and response. The next decade of hPSC innovation is poised to provide vast insights into the genetic basis of human disease and enable rapid advances to develop, repurpose, and ensure the safety of the next generation of disease therapies across diverse human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tegtmeyer
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ralda Nehme
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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13
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Azar J, Bahmad HF, Daher D, Moubarak MM, Hadadeh O, Monzer A, Al Bitar S, Jamal M, Al-Sayegh M, Abou-Kheir W. The Use of Stem Cell-Derived Organoids in Disease Modeling: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7667. [PMID: 34299287 PMCID: PMC8303386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids represent one of the most important advancements in the field of stem cells during the past decade. They are three-dimensional in vitro culturing models that originate from self-organizing stem cells and can mimic the in vivo structural and functional specificities of body organs. Organoids have been established from multiple adult tissues as well as pluripotent stem cells and have recently become a powerful tool for studying development and diseases in vitro, drug screening, and host-microbe interaction. The use of stem cells-that have self-renewal capacity to proliferate and differentiate into specialized cell types-for organoids culturing represents a major advancement in biomedical research. Indeed, this new technology has a great potential to be used in a multitude of fields, including cancer research, hereditary and infectious diseases. Nevertheless, organoid culturing is still rife with many challenges, not limited to being costly and time consuming, having variable rates of efficiency in generation and maintenance, genetic stability, and clinical applications. In this review, we aim to provide a synopsis of pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids and their use for disease modeling and other clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Hisham F. Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Darine Daher
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Maya M. Moubarak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Ola Hadadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Alissar Monzer
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Samar Al Bitar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Mohamed Jamal
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 66566, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Al-Sayegh
- Biology Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 2460, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
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14
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Duchesne de Lamotte J, Perrier A, Martinat C, Nicoleau C. Emerging Opportunities in Human Pluripotent Stem-Cells Based Assays to Explore the Diversity of Botulinum Neurotoxins as Future Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7524. [PMID: 34299143 PMCID: PMC8308099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are produced by Clostridium botulinum and are responsible for botulism, a fatal disorder of the nervous system mostly induced by food poisoning. Despite being one of the most potent families of poisonous substances, BoNTs are used for both aesthetic and therapeutic indications from cosmetic reduction of wrinkles to treatment of movement disorders. The increasing understanding of the biology of BoNTs and the availability of distinct toxin serotypes and subtypes offer the prospect of expanding the range of indications for these toxins. Engineering of BoNTs is considered to provide a new avenue for improving safety and clinical benefit from these neurotoxins. Robust, high-throughput, and cost-effective assays for BoNTs activity, yet highly relevant to the human physiology, have become indispensable for a successful translation of engineered BoNTs to the clinic. This review presents an emerging family of cell-based assays that take advantage of newly developed human pluripotent stem cells and neuronal function analyses technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Duchesne de Lamotte
- IPSEN Innovation, 91940 Les Ulis, France;
- I-STEM, INSERM UMR861, Université Evry-Paris Saclay, 91100 Corbeil-Essonne, France
| | - Anselme Perrier
- I-STEM, INSERM UMR861, Université Evry-Paris Saclay, 91100 Corbeil-Essonne, France
- Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives: Mécanismes, Thérapies, Imagerie, CEA/CNRS UMR9199, Université Paris Saclay, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cécile Martinat
- I-STEM, INSERM UMR861, Université Evry-Paris Saclay, 91100 Corbeil-Essonne, France
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15
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Fu H, Zhang W, Li N, Yang J, Ye X, Tian C, Lu X, Liu L. Elevated retrotransposon activity and genomic instability in primed pluripotent stem cells. Genome Biol 2021; 22:201. [PMID: 34243810 PMCID: PMC8268579 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naïve and primed pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent two different pluripotent states. Primed PSCs following in vitro culture exhibit lower developmental potency as evidenced by failure in germline chimera assays, unlike mouse naïve PSCs. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the lower developmental competency of primed PSCs remain elusive. RESULTS We examine the regulation of telomere maintenance, retrotransposon activity, and genomic stability of primed PSCs and compare them with naïve PSCs. Surprisingly, primed PSCs only minimally maintain telomeres and show fragile telomeres, associated with declined DNA recombination and repair activity, in contrast to naïve PSCs that robustly elongate telomeres. Also, we identify LINE1 family integrant L1Md_T as naïve-specific retrotransposon and ERVK family integrant IAPEz to define primed PSCs, and their transcription is differentially regulated by heterochromatic histones and Dnmt3b. Notably, genomic instability of primed PSCs is increased, in association with aberrant retrotransposon activity. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that fragile telomere, retrotransposon-associated genomic instability, and declined DNA recombination repair, together with reduced function of cell cycle and mitochondria, increased apoptosis, and differentiation properties may link to compromised developmental potency of primed PSCs, noticeably distinguishable from naïve PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Niannian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenglei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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16
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Helmi SA, Rohani L, Zaher AR, El Hawary YM, Rancourt DE. Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells via γ-Secretase Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105215. [PMID: 34069142 PMCID: PMC8156631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone healing is a complex, well-organized process. Multiple factors regulate this process, including growth factors, hormones, cytokines, mechanical stimulation, and aging. One of the most important signaling pathways that affect bone healing is the Notch signaling pathway. It has a significant role in controlling the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells and forming new bone. Interventions to enhance the healing of critical-sized bone defects are of great importance, and stem cell transplantations are eminent candidates for treating such defects. Understanding how Notch signaling impacts pluripotent stem cell differentiation can significantly enhance osteogenesis and improve the overall healing process upon transplantation. In Rancourt’s lab, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) have been successfully differentiated to the osteogenic cell lineage. This study investigates the role of Notch signaling inhibition in the osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Our data showed that Notch inhibition greatly enhanced the differentiation of both mouse embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer A. Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (A.R.Z.); (Y.M.E.H.)
| | - Leili Rohani
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Ahmed R. Zaher
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (A.R.Z.); (Y.M.E.H.)
| | - Youssry M. El Hawary
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (A.R.Z.); (Y.M.E.H.)
| | - Derrick E. Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-2888
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17
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Bernad R, Lynch CJ, Urdinguio RG, Stephan-Otto Attolini C, Fraga MF, Serrano M. Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040876. [PMID: 33921436 PMCID: PMC8069959 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells can be stabilized in vitro at different developmental states by the use of specific chemicals and soluble factors. The naïve and primed states are the best characterized pluripotency states. Naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) correspond to the early pre-implantation blastocyst and, in mice, constitute the optimal starting state for subsequent developmental applications. However, the stabilization of human naïve PSCs remains challenging because, after short-term culture, most current methods result in karyotypic abnormalities, aberrant DNA methylation patterns, loss of imprinting and severely compromised developmental potency. We have recently developed a novel method to induce and stabilize naïve human PSCs that consists in the simple addition of a chemical inhibitor for the closely related CDK8 and CDK19 kinases (CDK8/19i). Long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs preserve their normal karyotype and do not show widespread DNA demethylation. Here, we investigate the long-term stability of allele-specific methylation at imprinted loci and the differentiation potency of CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs. We report that long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs retain the imprinting profile of their parental primed cells, and imprints are further retained upon differentiation in the context of teratoma formation. We have also tested the capacity of long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs to differentiate into primordial germ cell (PGC)-like cells (PGCLCs) and trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), two cell types that are accessible from the naïve state. Interestingly, long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs differentiated into PGCLCs with a similar efficiency to their primed counterparts. Also, long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs were able to differentiate into TSCs, a transition that was not possible for primed PSCs. We conclude that inhibition of CDK8/19 stabilizes human PSCs in a functional naïve state that preserves imprinting and potency over long-term culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bernad
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Cian J. Lynch
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Rocio G. Urdinguio
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (R.G.U.); (M.F.F.)
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mario F. Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (R.G.U.); (M.F.F.)
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (C.J.L.)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-020-287
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18
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Zerti D, Molina MM, Dorgau B, Mearns S, Bauer R, Al-Aama J, Lako M. IGFBPs mediate IGF-1's functions in retinal lamination and photoreceptor development during pluripotent stem cell differentiation to retinal organoids. Stem Cells 2021; 39:458-466. [PMID: 33442906 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Development of the retina is regulated by growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1/2), which coordinate proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of the neuroepithelial precursors cells. In the circulation, IGF-1/2 are transported by the insulin growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) family members. IGFBPs can impact positively and negatively on IGF-1, by making it available or sequestering IGF-1 to or from its receptor. In this study, we investigated the expression of IGFBPs and their role in the generation of human retinal organoids from human pluripotent stem cells, showing a dynamic expression pattern suggestive of different IGFBPs being used in a stage-specific manner to mediate IGF-1 functions. Our data show that IGF-1 addition to culture media facilitated the generation of retinal organoids displaying the typical laminated structure and photoreceptor maturation. The organoids cultured in the absence of IGF-1, lacked the typical laminated structure at the early stages of differentiation and contained significantly less photoreceptors and more retinal ganglion cells at the later stages of differentiation, confirming the positive effects of IGF-1 on retinal lamination and photoreceptor development. The organoids cultured with the IGFBP inhibitor (NBI-31772) and IGF-1 showed lack of retinal lamination at the early stages of differentiation, an increased propensity to generate horizontal cells at mid-stages of differentiation and reduced photoreceptor development at the later stages of differentiation. Together these data suggest that IGFBPs enable IGF-1's role in retinal lamination and photoreceptor development in a stage-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Zerti
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Microscopy Centre and Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marina Moya Molina
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Birthe Dorgau
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah Mearns
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roman Bauer
- Department of Computer Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jumana Al-Aama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Verkerk AO, Wilders R. Dynamic Clamp in Electrophysiological Studies on Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes-Why and How? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:267-279. [PMID: 33229908 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are supposed to be a good human-based model, with virtually unlimited cell source, for studies on mechanisms underlying cardiac development and cardiac diseases, and for identification of drug targets. However, a major drawback of hPSC-CMs as a model system, especially for electrophysiological studies, is their depolarized state and associated spontaneous electrical activity. Various approaches are used to overcome this drawback, including the injection of "synthetic" inward rectifier potassium current (IK1), which is computed in real time, based on the recorded membrane potential ("dynamic clamp"). Such injection of an IK1-like current results in quiescent hPSC-CMs with a nondepolarized resting potential that show "adult-like" action potentials on stimulation, with functional availability of the most important ion channels involved in cardiac electrophysiology. These days, dynamic clamp has become a widely appreciated electrophysiological tool. However, setting up a dynamic clamp system can still be laborious and difficult, both because of the required hardware and the implementation of the dedicated software. In the present review, we first summarize the potential mechanisms underlying the depolarized state of hPSC-CMs and the functional consequences of this depolarized state. Next, we explain how an existing manual patch clamp setup can be extended with dynamic clamp. Finally, we shortly validate the extended setup with atrial-like and ventricular-like hPSC-CMs. We feel that dynamic clamp is a highly valuable tool in the field of cellular electrophysiological studies on hPSC-CMs and hope that our directions for setting up such dynamic clamp system may prove helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; and
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Wilders
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; and
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20
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Yamamoto Y, Mukai A, Ikushima T, Urata Y, Kinoshita S, Hamuro J, Ueno M, Sotozono C. Pluripotent epigenetic regulator OBP-801 maintains filtering blebs in glaucoma filtration surgery model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20936. [PMID: 33262357 PMCID: PMC7708845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of fibrosis is indispensable for maintaining filtering blebs after glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of a pluripotent epigenetic regulator OBP-801 (OBP) to ameliorate extracellular matrix formation in a rabbit model of GFS. Rabbits that underwent GFS were treated with OBP. The gene expression profiles and intraocular pressure (IOP) were monitored until 30 postoperative days. The bleb tissues were evaluated for tissue fibrosis at 30 postoperative days. In in vitro models, OBP interfered the functions of diverse genes during the wound-healing process. In in vivo GFS models, the expressions of TGF-β3, MMP-2, TIMP-2 and 3, LOX, COL1A and SERPINH1 were significantly inhibited at 30 postoperative days in the OBP group compared with those in the vehicle control group. OBP treatment involving subconjunctival injection or eye drops showed no adverse effects, and reduced levels of α-SMA and collagen deposition at the surgical wound site. OBP maintained the long-lived bleb without scar formation, and IOP was lower at 30 postoperative days compared with the vehicle control group. These findings suggest that OBP is an effective and useful candidate low-molecular-weight agent for improving wound healing and surgical outcomes in a rabbit model of GFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mukai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toru Ikushima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yasuo Urata
- Oncolys BioPharma, Inc., Tokyo, 106-0032, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Junji Hamuro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Morio Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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21
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Lim S, Shparberg RA, Coorssen JR, O’Connor MD. Application of the RBBP9 Serine Hydrolase Inhibitor, ML114, Decouples Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238983. [PMID: 33256189 PMCID: PMC7730578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma binding protein 9 (RBBP9) is required for maintaining the expression of both pluripotency and cell cycle genes in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). An siRNA-based study from our group showed it does so by influencing cell cycle progression through the RB/E2F pathway. In non-pluripotent cells, RBBP9 is also known to have serine hydrolase (SH) activity, acting on currently undefined target proteins. The role of RBBP9 SH activity in hPSCs, and during normal development, is currently unknown. To begin assessing whether RBBP9 SH activity might contribute to hPSC maintenance, hPSCs were treated with ML114—a selective chemical inhibitor of RBBP9 SH activity. Stem cells treated with ML114 showed significantly reduced population growth rate, colony size and progression through the cell cycle, with no observable change in cell morphology or decrease in pluripotency antigen expression—suggesting no initiation of hPSC differentiation. Consistent with this, hPSCs treated with ML114 retained the capacity for tri-lineage differentiation, as seen through teratoma formation. Subsequent microarray and Western blot analyses of ML114-treated hPSCs suggest the nuclear transcription factor Y subunit A (NFYA) may be a candidate effector of RBBP9 SH activity in hPSCs. These data support a role for RBBP9 in regulating hPSC proliferation independent of differentiation, whereby inhibition of RBBP9 SH activity de-couples decreased hPSC proliferation from initiation of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seakcheng Lim
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia; (S.L.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Rachel A. Shparberg
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia; (S.L.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Jens R. Coorssen
- Departments of Health Sciences and Biological Sciences, Faculties of Applied Health Sciences and Mathematics & Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Michael D. O’Connor
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia; (S.L.); (R.A.S.)
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia
- Correspondence:
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22
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Lauschke K, Rosenmai AK, Meiser I, Neubauer JC, Schmidt K, Rasmussen MA, Holst B, Taxvig C, Emnéus JK, Vinggaard AM. A novel human pluripotent stem cell-based assay to predict developmental toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3831-3846. [PMID: 32700165 PMCID: PMC7603451 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a great need for novel in vitro methods to predict human developmental toxicity to comply with the 3R principles and to improve human safety. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are ideal for the development of such methods, because they are easy to retrieve by conversion of adult somatic cells and can differentiate into most cell types of the body. Advanced three-dimensional (3D) cultures of these cells, so-called embryoid bodies (EBs), moreover mimic the early developing embryo. We took advantage of this to develop a novel human toxicity assay to predict chemically induced developmental toxicity, which we termed the PluriBeat assay. We employed three different hiPSC lines from male and female donors and a robust microtiter plate-based method to produce EBs. We differentiated the cells into cardiomyocytes and introduced a scoring system for a quantitative readout of the assay-cardiomyocyte contractions in the EBs observed on day 7. Finally, we tested the three compounds thalidomide (2.3-36 µM), valproic acid (25-300 µM), and epoxiconazole (1.3-20 µM) on beating and size of the EBs. We were able to detect the human-specific teratogenicity of thalidomide and found the rodent toxicant epoxiconazole as more potent than thalidomide in our assay. We conclude that the PluriBeat assay is a novel method for predicting chemicals' adverse effects on embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Lauschke
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Kjerstine Rosenmai
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ina Meiser
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Julia Christiane Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | | | - Bjørn Holst
- Bioneer A/S, Kogle Allé 2, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Camilla Taxvig
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jenny Katarina Emnéus
- Department for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Vinggaard
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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23
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Lee SP, Chao SC, Chou MF, Huang SF, Dai NT, Wu GJ, Tsai CS, Loh SH, Tsai YT. Characterization of intracellular buffering power in human induced pluripotent stem cells and the loss of pluripotency is delayed by acidic stimulation and increase of NHE1 activity. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1515-1528. [PMID: 32841374 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The homeostasis of intracellular pH (pHi ) affects many cellular functions. Our previous study has established a functional and molecular model of the active pHi regulators in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The aims of the present study were to further quantify passive pHi buffering power (β) and to investigate the effects of extracellular pH and Na+ -H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) activity on pluripotency in hiPSCs. pHi was detected by microspectrofluorimetry with pH-sensitive dye-BCECF. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry were used to detect protein expression and pluripotency. Our study in hiPSCs showed that (a) the value of total (βtot ), intrinsic (βi ), and CO2 -dependent ( β C O 2 ) buffering power all increased while pHi increased; (b) during the spontaneous differentiation for 4 days, the β values of βtot and β C O 2 changed in a tendency of decrease, despite the absence of statistical significance; (c) an acidic cultured environment retained pluripotency and further upregulated expression and activity of NHE1 during spontaneous differentiation; (d) inhibition on NHE1 activity promoted the loss of pluripotency. In conclusion, we, for the first time, established a quantitative model of passive β during differentiation and demonstrated that maintenance of NHE1 at a higher level was of critical importance for pluripotency retention in hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Pieng Lee
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Chao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Chou
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niann-Tzyy Dai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shih-Hurng Loh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Chandra Boinpelly V, Verma RK, Srivastav S, Srivastava RK, Shankar S. α-Mangostin-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles inhibit colorectal cancer growth by inhibiting Notch pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11343-11354. [PMID: 32830433 PMCID: PMC7576287 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related mortality. Recent studies have stated that Notch signalling is highly activated in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and plays an important role in the development and progression of CRC. Like normal colorectal epithelium, CRCs are organized hierarchically and include populations of CSCs. In order to enhance the biological activity of α‐mangostin, we formulated α‐mangostin‐encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (Mang‐NPs) and examined the molecular mechanisms by which Mang‐NPs inhibit CRC cell viability, colony formation, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induce apoptosis. Mang‐NPs inhibited cell viability, colony formation and induced apoptosis. Mang‐NPs also inhibited EMT by up‐regulating E‐cadherin and inhibiting N‐cadherin and transcription factors Snail, Slug and Zeb1. As dysregulated signalling through the Notch receptors promotes oncogenesis, we measured the effects of Mang‐NPs on Notch pathway. Mang‐NPs inhibited Notch signalling by suppressing the expression of Notch receptors (Notch1 and Notch2), their ligands (Jagged 1 and DLL4), γ‐secretase complex protein (Nicastrin) and downstream target (Hes‐1). Notch receptor signalling regulates cell fate determination in stem cell population. Finally, Mang‐NPs inhibited the self‐renewal capacity of CSCs, stem cell markers (CD133, CD44, Musashi and LGR5) and pluripotency maintaining factors (Oct4, Sox‐2, KLF‐4, c‐Myc and Nanog). Overall, our data suggest that Mang‐NPs can inhibit CRC growth, EMT and CSCs’ population by suppressing Notch pathway and its target. Therefore, Mang‐NPs can be used for the treatment and prevention of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sudesh Srivastav
- Department of Biostatistics and Data ScienceSchool of Public Health and Tropical MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMOUSA
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer CenterLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
- Department of GeneticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMOUSA
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer CenterLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
- Department of GeneticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
- John W. Deming Department of MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
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25
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Pálóczi J, Szántai Á, Kobolák J, Bock I, Ruivo E, Kiss B, Gáspár R, Pipis J, Ocsovszki I, Táncos Z, Fehér A, Dinnyés A, Onódi Z, Madonna R, Ferdinandy P, Görbe A. Systematic analysis of different pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes as potential testing model for cardiocytoprotection. Vascul Pharmacol 2020; 133-134:106781. [PMID: 32827678 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2020.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes are potential sources for testing cardiocytoprotective molecules against ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we performed a systematic analysis of two different induced pluripotent stem cell lines (iPSC 3.4 and 4.1) and an embryonic stem cell (ESC) line-derived cardiac myocytes at two different developmental stages. Cell viability in simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R)-induced injury and a known cardiocytoprotective NO-donor, S-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) was tested. RESULTS After analysis of full embryoid bodies (EBs) and cardiac marker (VCAM and cardiac troponin I) positive cells of three lines at 6 conditions (32 different conditions altogether), we found significant SI/R injury-induced cell death in both full EBs and VCAM+ cardiac cells at later stage of their differentiation. Moreover, full EBs of the iPS 4.1 cell line after oxidative stress induction by SNAP was protected at day-8 samples. CONCLUSION We have shown that 4.1 iPS-derived cardiomyocyte line could serve as a testing platform for cardiocytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pálóczi
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - Á Szántai
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - J Kobolák
- Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - I Bock
- Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - E Ruivo
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - B Kiss
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085 Hungary
| | - R Gáspár
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - J Pipis
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, 6722 Hungary
| | - I Ocsovszki
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary
| | - Z Táncos
- Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - A Fehér
- Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - A Dinnyés
- Biotalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary; Molecular Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Szent István University, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - Z Onódi
- MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085 Hungary
| | - R Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa; Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - P Ferdinandy
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, 6722 Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085 Hungary; Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - A Görbe
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, 6722 Hungary; MTA-SE System Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085 Hungary; Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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26
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Zhang Z, Yan B, Gao F, Li Q, Meng X, Chen P, Zhou L, Deng W, Li C, Xu W, Han S, Feng H, Li Y, Chen J, Yin Z, Liao C, Tse HF, Xu A, Lian Q. PSCs Reveal PUFA-Provoked Mitochondrial Stress as a Central Node Potentiating RPE Degeneration in Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2642-2661. [PMID: 32755565 PMCID: PMC7704739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bietti’s crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is an incurable retinal disorder caused by the polypeptide 2 of cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily V (CYP4V2) mutations. Patients with BCD present degeneration of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and consequent blindness. The lack of appropriate disease models and patients’ RPE cells limits our understanding of the pathological mechanism of RPE degeneration. In this study, using CYP4V2 mutant pluripotent stem cells as disease models, we demonstrated that RPE cells with CYP4V2 mutations presented a disrupted fatty acid homeostasis, which were characterized with excessive accumulation of poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), including arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The PUFA overload increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, impaired mitochondrial respiratory functions, and triggered mitochondrial stress-activated p53-independent apoptosis in CYP4V2 mutant RPE cells. Restoration of the mutant CYP4V2 using adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) can effectively reduce PUFA deposition, alleviate mitochondria oxidative stresses, and rescue RPE cell death in BCD RPE cells. Taken together, our results highlight a role of PUFA-induced mitochondrial damage as a central node to potentiate RPE degeneration in BCD patients. AAV2-mediated gene therapy may represent a feasible strategy for the treatment of BCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing Li
- Ophthalmology, Grantham Hospital, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohong Meng
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peikai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weiyi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong Feng
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Intervention and Cell Therapy Center, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zhengqin Yin
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Can Liao
- Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Prenatal Diagnostic Centre and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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27
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Yoshizumi T, Kubo A, Murata H, Shinonaga M, Kanno H. BC-Box Motif in SOCS6 Induces Differentiation of Epidermal Stem Cells into GABAnergic Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144947. [PMID: 32668737 PMCID: PMC7403999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The BC-box motif in suppressor of cytokine signaling 6 (SOCS6) promotes the neuronal differentiation of somatic stem cells, including epidermal stem cells. SOCS6 protein belongs to the group of SOCS proteins and inhibits cytokine signaling. Here we showed that epidermal stem cells were induced to differentiate into GABAnergic neurons by the intracellular delivery of a peptide composed of the amino-acid sequences encoded by the BC-box motif in SOCS6 protein. The BC-box motif (SLQYLCRFVI) in SOCS6 corresponded to the binding site of elongin BC. GABAnergic differentiation mediated by the BC-box motif in SOCS6 protein was caused by ubiquitination of JAK2 and inhibition of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Furthermore, GABAnergic neuron-like cells generated from epidermal stem cells were transplanted into the brain of a rodent ischemic model. Then, we demonstrated that these transplanted cells were GAD positive and that the cognitive function of the ischemic model rodents with the transplanted cells was improved. This study could contribute to not only elucidating the mechanism of GABAnergic neuronal differentiation but also to neuronal regenerative medicine utilizing GABAnergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Yoshizumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami 413-0012, Japan; (T.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Atsuhiko Kubo
- Nerve Care Clinic, Yokosuka 238-0012, Japan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Hidetoshi Murata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Masamichi Shinonaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami 413-0012, Japan; (T.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Kanno
- Department of Neurosurgery, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami 413-0012, Japan; (T.Y.); (M.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-557-81-9171; Fax: +81-557-83-6632
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28
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Carpenedo RL, Kwon SY, Tanner RM, Yockell-Lelièvre J, Choey C, Doré C, Ho M, Stewart DJ, Perkins TJ, Stanford WL. Transcriptomically Guided Mesendoderm Induction of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Systematically Defined Culture Scheme. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 13:1111-1125. [PMID: 31813826 PMCID: PMC6915803 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are an essential cell source in tissue engineering, studies of development, and disease modeling. Efficient, broadly amenable protocols for rapid lineage induction of hPSCs are of great interest in the stem cell biology field. We describe a simple, robust method for differentiation of hPSCs into mesendoderm in defined conditions utilizing single-cell seeding (SCS) and BMP4 and Activin A (BA) treatment. BA treatment was readily incorporated into existing protocols for chondrogenic and endothelial progenitor cell differentiation, while fine-tuning of BA conditions facilitated definitive endoderm commitment. After prolonged differentiation in vitro or in vivo, BA pretreatment resulted in higher mesoderm and endoderm levels at the expense of ectoderm formation. These data demonstrate that SCS with BA treatment is a powerful method for induction of mesendoderm that can be adapted for use in mesoderm and endoderm differentiation. Single-cell seeding with BMP4/Activin A treatment supports hPSC mesendoderm induction The mesendoderm protocol is amenable to mesoderm and endoderm lineage differentiation Mesoderm/endoderm formation was enhanced in basal conditions in vitro and in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Carpenedo
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Sarah Y Kwon
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R Matthew Tanner
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julien Yockell-Lelièvre
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chandarong Choey
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carole Doré
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mirabelle Ho
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Duncan J Stewart
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Theodore J Perkins
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Bioinformatics Core Facility, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - William L Stanford
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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29
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Halliwell JA, Frith TJR, Laing O, Price CJ, Bower OJ, Stavish D, Gokhale PJ, Hewitt Z, El-Khamisy SF, Barbaric I, Andrews PW. Nucleosides Rescue Replication-Mediated Genome Instability of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:1009-1017. [PMID: 32413278 PMCID: PMC7355123 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are subject to the appearance of recurrent genetic variants on prolonged culture. We have now found that, compared with isogenic differentiated cells, PSCs exhibit evidence of considerably more DNA damage during the S phase of the cell cycle, apparently as a consequence of DNA replication stress marked by slower progression of DNA replication, activation of latent origins of replication, and collapse of replication forks. As in many cancers, which, like PSCs, exhibit a shortened G1 phase and DNA replication stress, the resulting DNA damage may underlie the higher incidence of abnormal and abortive mitoses in PSCs, resulting in chromosomal non-dysjunction or cell death. However, we have found that the extent of DNA replication stress, DNA damage, and consequent aberrant mitoses can be substantially reduced by culturing PSCs in the presence of exogenous nucleosides, resulting in improved survival, clonogenicity, and population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Halliwell
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thomas J R Frith
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Owen Laing
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Christopher J Price
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Oliver J Bower
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Dylan Stavish
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Paul J Gokhale
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Zoe Hewitt
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- Krebs Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Peter W Andrews
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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30
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So S, Lee Y, Choi J, Kang S, Lee JY, Hwang J, Shin J, Dutton JR, Seo EJ, Lee BH, Kim CJ, Mitalipov S, Oh SJ, Kang E. The Rho-associated kinase inhibitor fasudil can replace Y-27632 for use in human pluripotent stem cell research. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233057. [PMID: 32396545 PMCID: PMC7217428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor survival of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) following freezing, thawing, or passaging hinders the maintenance and differentiation of stem cells. Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) play a crucial role in hPSC survival. To date, a typical ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, has been the primary agent used in hPSC research. Here, we report that another ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, can be used as an alternative and is cheaper than Y-27632. It increased hPSC growth following thawing and passaging, like Y-27632, and did not affect pluripotency, differentiation ability, and chromosome integrity. Furthermore, fasudil promoted retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) differentiation and the survival of neural crest cells (NCCs) during differentiation. It was also useful for single-cell passaging of hPSCs and during aggregation. These findings suggest that fasudil can replace Y-27632 for use in stem research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun So
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwan Choi
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoon Kang
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Julie Hwang
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joosung Shin
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - James R. Dutton
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eul-Ju Seo
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Soo Jin Oh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Kang
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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31
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Lund C, Yellapragada V, Vuoristo S, Balboa D, Trova S, Allet C, Eskici N, Pulli K, Giacobini P, Tuuri T, Raivio T. Characterization of the human GnRH neuron developmental transcriptome using a GNRH1-TdTomato reporter line in human pluripotent stem cells. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm040105. [PMID: 31996360 PMCID: PMC7075073 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons provide a fundamental signal for the onset of puberty and subsequent reproductive functions by secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Their disrupted development or function leads to congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH). To model the development of human GnRH neurons, we generated a stable GNRH1-TdTomato reporter cell line in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. RNA-sequencing of the reporter clone, differentiated into GnRH neurons by dual SMAD inhibition and FGF8 treatment, revealed 6461 differentially expressed genes between progenitors and GnRH neurons. Expression of the transcription factor ISL1, one of the top 50 most upregulated genes in the TdTomato-expressing GnRH neurons, was confirmed in 10.5 gestational week-old human fetal GnRH neurons. Among the differentially expressed genes, we detected 15 genes that are implicated in CHH and several genes that are implicated in human puberty timing. Finally, FGF8 treatment in the neuronal progenitor pool led to upregulation of 37 genes expressed both in progenitors and in TdTomato-expressing GnRH neurons, which suggests upstream regulation of these genes by FGF8 signaling during GnRH neuron differentiation. These results illustrate how hPSC-derived human GnRH neuron transcriptomic analysis can be utilized to dissect signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks involved in human GnRH neuron development.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Lund
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Venkatram Yellapragada
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Vuoristo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 00029 Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diego Balboa
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Trova
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, U1172 Lille, France
| | - Cecile Allet
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, U1172 Lille, France
| | - Nazli Eskici
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Pulli
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paolo Giacobini
- Inserm, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, U1172 Lille, France
- University of Lille, FHU 1000 Days for Health, School of Medicine, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Timo Tuuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 00029 Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taneli Raivio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, 00029 Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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32
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Nemade H, Acharya A, Chaudhari U, Nembo E, Nguemo F, Riet N, Abken H, Hescheler J, Papadopoulos S, Sachinidis A. Cyclooxygenases Inhibitors Efficiently Induce Cardiomyogenesis in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030554. [PMID: 32120775 PMCID: PMC7140528 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) is limited by the challenges in their efficient differentiation. Recently, the Wingless (Wnt) signaling pathway has emerged as the key regulator of cardiomyogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on cardiac differentiation of hPSCs. Cardiac differentiation was performed by adherent monolayer based method using 4 hPSC lines (HES3, H9, IMR90, and ES4SKIN). The efficiency of cardiac differentiation was evaluated by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. Generated hPSC-CMs were characterised using immunocytochemistry, electrophysiology, electron microscopy, and calcium transient measurements. Our data show that the COX inhibitors Sulindac and Diclofenac in combination with CHIR99021 (GSK-3 inhibitor) efficiently induce cardiac differentiation of hPSCs. In addition, inhibition of COX using siRNAs targeted towards COX-1 and/or COX-2 showed that inhibition of COX-2 alone or COX-1 and COX-2 in combination induce cardiomyogenesis in hPSCs within 12 days. Using IMR90-Wnt reporter line, we showed that inhibition of COX-2 led to downregulation of Wnt signalling activity in hPSCs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that COX inhibition efficiently induced cardiogenesis via modulation of COX and Wnt pathway and the generated cardiomyocytes express cardiac-specific structural markers as well as exhibit typical calcium transients and action potentials. These cardiomyocytes also responded to cardiotoxicants and can be relevant as an in vitro cardiotoxicity screening model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshal Nemade
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Aviseka Acharya
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Umesh Chaudhari
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Erastus Nembo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Nicole Riet
- Department I Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Deptartment Genetic Immunotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Symeon Papadopoulos
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0221-4787373
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33
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Hashimoto R, Lanier GM, Dhagia V, Joshi SR, Jordan A, Waddell I, Tuder R, Stenmark KR, Wolin MS, McMurtry IF, Gupte SA. Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells augment α-adrenergic receptor-mediated contraction of pulmonary artery and contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L386-L401. [PMID: 31913656 PMCID: PMC7052680 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00327.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multicellular and progressive disease with a high mortality rate. Among many cell types, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are incriminated in the pathogenesis of PH. However, our understanding of the mechanisms that increase HSCs in blood and lungs of hypertensive animals or patients and the role played by HSCs in the pathogenesis of PH remains elusive. Studies suggest that glycolysis is critical for the survival and growth of HSCs. In various cell types from hypertensive lungs of animals and patients, glycolysis and the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity are increased. Herein, we demonstrated in mice that chronic hypoxia increased HSCs (CD34+, CD117+, CD133+, CD34+/CD117+, and CD34+/CD133+) in bone marrow and blood and around hypertensive pulmonary arteries in a time-dependent manner. Intriguingly, we found fewer CD133+ cells in the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice compared with Sv129J mice, and C57BL mice developed less severe chronic hypoxia-elicited PH and heart failure than Sv129J mice. Similarly, the numbers of CD34+ and CD117+ cells in blood of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) were higher (>3-fold) compared with healthy individuals. By allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, we found that GFP+ bone marrow cells infiltrated the lungs and accumulated around the pulmonary arteries in lungs of hypoxic mice, and these cells contributed to increased α-adrenergic receptor-mediated contraction of the pulmonary artery cultured in hypoxia. Inhibition of G6PD activity with (3β,5α)-3,21-dihydroxypregnan-20-one, a novel and potent G6PD inhibitor, decreased HSCs in bone marrow, blood, and lungs of hypoxic mice and reduced α-agonist-induced contraction of the pulmonary artery and established hypoxia-induced PH. We did not observe CD133+ cells around the pulmonary arteries in the lungs of chronically hypoxic G6PD-deficient mice. Furthermore, knockdown of G6PD and inhibition of G6PD activity: 1) downregulated canonical and noncanonical Wnt and Fzd receptors genes; 2) upregulated Bmpr1a; 3) decreased Cxcl12, and 4) reduced HSC (CD117+ and CD133+) numbers. In all, our findings demonstrate unexpected function for bone marrow-derived HSCs in augmenting α-adrenergic receptor-mediated contraction of pulmonary arteries and remodeling of pulmonary arteries that contribute to increase pulmonary vascular resistance in PAH patients and hypoxic mice and suggest that G6PD, by regulating expression of genes in the WNT and BMPR signaling, contributed to increase and release of HSCs from the bone marrow in response to hypoxic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Gregg M Lanier
- Department of Cardiology, and Heart and Vascular Institute, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Vidhi Dhagia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Sachindra R Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Allan Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research, UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Waddell
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research, UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rubin Tuder
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Health Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Michael S Wolin
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Ivan F McMurtry
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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Moseti D, Regassa A, Chen C, O K, Kim WK. 25-Hydroxycholesterol Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of C3H10T1/2 Pluripotent Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020412. [PMID: 31936485 PMCID: PMC7013583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding of adipogenesis is important to find remedies for obesity and related disorders. In addition, it is also critical in bone disorders because there is a reciprocal relationship between adipogenesis and osteogenesis in bone micro-environment. Oxysterols are pro-osteogenic and anti-adipogenic molecules via hedgehog activation in pluripotent bone marrow stomal cells. However, no study has evaluated the role of specific oxysterols in C3H10T1/2 cells, which are a good cell model for studying osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone-marrows. Thus, we investigated the effects of specific oxysterols on adipogenesis and expression of adipogenic transcripts in C3H10T1/2 cells. Treatment of cells with DMITro significantly induced mRNA expression of Pparγ. This induction was significantly inhibited by 25-HC. The expression of C/cepα, Fabp4 and Lpl was also inhibited by 25-HC. To determine the mechanism by which 25-HC inhibits adipogenesis, the effects of the hedgehog signalling pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine and CUR61414, were evaluated. Treatment of C3H10T1/2 cells with DMITro + cyclopamine or DMITro + CUR61414 for 96h did not modulate adipocyte differentiation; cyclopamine and CUR61414 did not reverse the inhibitory effects of 25-HC, suggesting that the canonical hedgehog signalling may not play a role in the anti-adipogenic effects of 25-HC in C3H10T1/2 cells. In addition, LXR agonist did not inhibit adipogenesis, but 25-HC strongly inhibits adipogenesis of C3H10T1/2 cells. Our observations showed that 25-HC was the most potent oxysterol in inhibiting adipogenesis and the expression of key adipogenic transcripts in C3H10T1/2 cells among the tested oxysterols, suggesting its potential application in providing an intervention in osteoporosis and obesity. We also report that the inhibitory effects of 25-HC on adipogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells are not mediated by hedgehog signaling and LXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Moseti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 201 Animal Science building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada (A.R.)
| | - Alemu Regassa
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 201 Animal Science building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada (A.R.)
| | - Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 303 Poultry Science building, Athens, GA 30602-2772, USA;
| | - Karmin O
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, 201 Animal Science building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada (A.R.)
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, 303 Poultry Science building, Athens, GA 30602-2772, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +1-706-248-9584
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Glass NR, Takasako M, Er PX, Titmarsh DM, Hidalgo A, Wolvetang EJ, Little MH, Cooper-White JJ. Multivariate patterning of human pluripotent cells under perfusion reveals critical roles of induced paracrine factors in kidney organoid development. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaw2746. [PMID: 31934619 PMCID: PMC6949035 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Creating complex multicellular kidney organoids from pluripotent stem cells shows great promise. Further improvements in differentiation outcomes, patterning, and maturation of specific cell types are, however, intrinsically limited by standard tissue culture approaches. We describe a novel full factorial microbioreactor array-based methodology to achieve rapid interrogation and optimization of this complex multicellular differentiation process in a facile manner. We successfully recapitulate early kidney tissue patterning events, exploring more than 1000 unique conditions in an unbiased and quantitative manner, and define new media combinations that achieve near-pure renal cell type specification. Single-cell resolution identification of distinct renal cell types within multilayered kidney organoids, coupled with multivariate analysis, defined the definitive roles of Wnt, fibroblast growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein signaling in their specification, exposed retinoic acid as a minimal effector of nephron patterning, and highlighted critical contributions of induced paracrine factors on cell specification and patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick R. Glass
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Minoru Takasako
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd., Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Pei Xuan Er
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd., Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Drew M. Titmarsh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alejandro Hidalgo
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ernst J. Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- UQ Centre in Stem Cell and Regenerative Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Melissa H. Little
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Rd., Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Justin J. Cooper-White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- UQ Centre in Stem Cell and Regenerative Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC 3169, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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MacFarlane EM, Bruin JE. Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Unique Tool for Toxicity Testing in Pancreatic Progenitor and Endocrine Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:604998. [PMID: 33542706 PMCID: PMC7851047 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.604998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, and epidemiological studies report an association between diabetes incidence and environmental pollutant exposure. There are >84,000 chemicals in commerce, many of which are released into the environment without a clear understanding of potential adverse health consequences. While in vivo rodent studies remain an important tool for testing chemical toxicity systemically, we urgently need high-throughput screening platforms in biologically relevant models to efficiently prioritize chemicals for in depth toxicity analysis. Given the increasing global burden of obesity and diabetes, identifying chemicals that disrupt metabolism should be a high priority. Pancreatic endocrine cells are key regulators of systemic metabolism, yet often overlooked as a target tissue in toxicology studies. Immortalized β-cell lines and primary human, porcine, and rodent islets are widely used for studying the endocrine pancreas in vitro, but each have important limitations in terms of scalability, lifespan, and/or biological relevance. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) culture is a powerful tool for in vitro toxicity testing that addresses many of the limitations with other β-cell models. Current in vitro differentiation protocols can efficiently generate glucose-responsive insulin-secreting β-like cells that are not fully mature, but still valuable for high-throughput toxicity screening in vitro. Furthermore, hPSCs can be applied as a model of developing pancreatic endocrine cells to screen for chemicals that influence endocrine cell formation during critical windows of differentiation. Given their versatility, we recommend using hPSCs to identify potential β-cell toxins, which can then be prioritized as chemicals of concern for metabolic disruption.
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Imamura K, Izumi Y, Banno H, Uozumi R, Morita S, Egawa N, Ayaki T, Nagai M, Nishiyama K, Watanabe Y, Hanajima R, Oki R, Fujita K, Takahashi N, Ikeda T, Shimizu A, Morinaga A, Hirohashi T, Fujii Y, Takahashi R, Inoue H. Induced pluripotent stem cell-based Drug Repurposing for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Medicine (iDReAM) study: protocol for a phase I dose escalation study of bosutinib for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e033131. [PMID: 31796494 PMCID: PMC7003406 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and severe neurodegenerative disease caused by motor neuron death. There have as yet been no fundamental curative medicines, and the development of a medicine for ALS is urgently required. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based drug repurposing identified an Src/c-Abl inhibitor, bosutinib, as a candidate molecular targeted therapy for ALS. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the safety and tolerability of bosutinib for the treatment of patients with ALS and to explore the efficacy of bosutinib on ALS. This study is the first clinical trial of administered bosutinib for patients with ALS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS An open-label, multicentre phase I dose escalation study has been designed. The study consists of a 12-week observation period, a 1-week transitional period, a 12-week study treatment period and a 4-week follow-up period. After completion of the transitional period, subjects whose total ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score decreased by 1-3 points during the 12-week observation period receive bosutinib for 12 weeks. Three to six patients with ALS are enrolled in each of the four bosutinib dose levels (100, 200, 300 or 400 mg/day) to evaluate the safety and tolerability under a 3+3 dose escalation study design. Dose escalation and maximum tolerated dose are determined by the safety assessment committee comprising oncologists/haematologists and neurologists based on the incidence of dose-limiting toxicity in the first 4 weeks of the treatment at each dose level. A recommended phase II dose is determined by the safety assessment committee on completion of the 12-week study treatment in all subjects at all dose levels. The efficacy of bosutinib is also evaluated exploratorily using ALS clinical scores and biomarkers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study received full ethical approval from the institutional review board of each participating site. The findings of the study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER UMIN000036295; Pre-results, JMA-IIA00419; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Imamura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Banno
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Uozumi
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morita
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naohiro Egawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makiko Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Watanabe
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Hanajima
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Oki
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ikeda
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science (iACT), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Selvaraj S, Mondragon-Gonzalez R, Xu B, Magli A, Kim H, Lainé J, Kiley J, Mckee H, Rinaldi F, Aho J, Tabti N, Shen W, Perlingeiro RCR. Screening identifies small molecules that enhance the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived myotubes. eLife 2019; 8:e47970. [PMID: 31710288 PMCID: PMC6845233 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted differentiation of pluripotent stem (PS) cells into myotubes enables in vitro disease modeling of skeletal muscle diseases. Although various protocols achieve myogenic differentiation in vitro, resulting myotubes typically display an embryonic identity. This is a major hurdle for accurately recapitulating disease phenotypes in vitro, as disease commonly manifests at later stages of development. To address this problem, we identified four factors from a small molecule screen whose combinatorial treatment resulted in myotubes with enhanced maturation, as shown by the expression profile of myosin heavy chain isoforms, as well as the upregulation of genes related with muscle contractile function. These molecular changes were confirmed by global chromatin accessibility and transcriptome studies. Importantly, we also observed this maturation in three-dimensional muscle constructs, which displayed improved in vitro contractile force generation in response to electrical stimulus. Thus, we established a model for in vitro muscle maturation from PS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Selvaraj
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Ricardo Mondragon-Gonzalez
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Departamento de Genética y Biología MolecularCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN)Ciudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Alessandro Magli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Hyunkee Kim
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Jeanne Lainé
- Département de PhysiologieSorbonne Universités, Faculté de Médecine site Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - James Kiley
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Holly Mckee
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | | | - Joy Aho
- Stem Cell DepartmentBio-TechneMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Nacira Tabti
- Département de PhysiologieSorbonne Universités, Faculté de Médecine site Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Wei Shen
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Rita CR Perlingeiro
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of MedicineUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
- Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
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Tewary M, Dziedzicka D, Ostblom J, Prochazka L, Shakiba N, Heydari T, Aguilar-Hidalgo D, Woodford C, Piccinini E, Becerra-Alonso D, Vickers A, Louis B, Rahman N, Danovi D, Geens M, Watt FM, Zandstra PW. High-throughput micropatterning platform reveals Nodal-dependent bisection of peri-gastrulation-associated versus preneurulation-associated fate patterning. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000081. [PMID: 31634368 PMCID: PMC6822778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of postimplantation human development are valuable to the fields of regenerative medicine and developmental biology. Here, we report characterization of a robust in vitro platform that enabled high-content screening of multiple human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines for their ability to undergo peri-gastrulation–like fate patterning upon bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) treatment of geometrically confined colonies and observed significant heterogeneity in their differentiation propensities along a gastrulation associable and neuralization associable axis. This cell line–associated heterogeneity was found to be attributable to endogenous Nodal expression, with up-regulation of Nodal correlated with expression of a gastrulation-associated gene profile, and Nodal down-regulation correlated with a preneurulation-associated gene profile expression. We harness this knowledge to establish a platform of preneurulation-like fate patterning in geometrically confined hPSC colonies in which fates arise because of a BMPs signalling gradient conveying positional information. Our work identifies a Nodal signalling-dependent switch in peri-gastrulation versus preneurulation-associated fate patterning in hPSC cells, provides a technology to robustly assay hPSC differentiation outcomes, and suggests conserved mechanisms of organized fate specification in differentiating epiblast and ectodermal tissues. This study describes a method to generate a robust high-throughput micropatterning platform, and uses it to reveal the role played by Nodal signalling in the self-organization of BMP signalling and the consequent fates that arise in micropatterned human embryonic stem cell colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Tewary
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominika Dziedzicka
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joel Ostblom
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura Prochazka
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nika Shakiba
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiam Heydari
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel Aguilar-Hidalgo
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Curtis Woodford
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elia Piccinini
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Becerra-Alonso
- Department of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucia, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alice Vickers
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Blaise Louis
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nafees Rahman
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Davide Danovi
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mieke Geens
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fiona M. Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W. Zandstra
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Collaborative Program in Developmental Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Youngblood RL, Sampson JP, Lebioda KR, Shea LD. Microporous scaffolds support assembly and differentiation of pancreatic progenitors into β-cell clusters. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:111-122. [PMID: 31247380 PMCID: PMC6717676 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a promising cell source for the development of β-cells for use in therapies for type 1 diabetes. Current culture approaches provide signals to mimic a temporal control of organogenesis to drive the differentiation towards β-cells. However, spatial control may represent an opportunity to improve the efficiency and manufacturing of β-cells. Herein, we adapted the current culture systems to microporous biomaterials with the hypothesis that the pores can guide the assembly of pancreatic progenitors into clusters of defined size that can influence maturation. The scaffold culture allowed hPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors to form clusters at a consistent size as cells differentiated. By modulating the scaffold pore sizes, we observed 250-425 µm pore size scaffold cultures augmented insulin expression and key β-cell maturation markers compared to cells cultured in suspension. Furthermore, when compared to suspension cultures, the scaffold culture showed increased insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulus indicating the development of functional β-cells. In addition, scaffolds facilitated cell-cell interactions enabled by the scaffold design and supported cell-mediated matrix deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins associated with the basement membrane of islet cells. We further investigated the influence of ECM on cell development by incorporating an ECM matrix on the scaffold prior to cell seeding; however, their presence did not further enhance maturation. These results suggest the microporous scaffold culture provides a conducive environment that drives in vitro differentiation of hPSC-derived insulin-producing glucose-responsive β-cells and demonstrates the feasibility of these scaffolds as a biomanufacturing platform. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cell therapy for diabetes is a promising strategy, yet generating limitless insulin-producing mature β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) remains a challenge. Current hPSC differentiation methods involve media containing signals to drive maturation toward β-cells and spontaneous cluster formation. Herein, we sought to provide spatial cues to guide assembly of cells into 3D structures by culture within the pores of a microporous scaffold. The scaffolds direct cell-cell interactions within the pores and provide a support for cell-mediated matrix deposition that collectively creates a niche to promote functional hPSC-derived β-cell clusters. These scaffolds for 3D culture may contribute to hPSC differentiation methods for the generation of β-cells that can treat patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Youngblood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua P Sampson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kimberly R Lebioda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Nasr Esfahani S, Shao Y, Resto Irizarry AM, Li Z, Xue X, Gumucio DL, Fu J. Microengineered human amniotic ectoderm tissue array for high-content developmental phenotyping. Biomaterials 2019; 216:119244. [PMID: 31207406 PMCID: PMC6658735 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
During early post-implantation human embryogenesis, the epiblast (EPI) within the blastocyst polarizes to generate a cyst with a central lumen. Cells at the uterine pole of the EPI cyst then undergo differentiation to form the amniotic ectoderm (AM), a tissue essential for further embryonic development. While the causes of early pregnancy failure are complex, improper lumenogenesis or amniogenesis of the EPI represent possible contributing factors. Here we report a novel AM microtissue array platform that allows quantitative phenotyping of lumenogenesis and amniogenesis of the EPI and demonstrate its potential application for embryonic toxicity profiling. Specifically, a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based amniogenic differentiation protocol was developed using a two-step micropatterning technique to generate a regular AM microtissue array with defined tissue sizes. A computer-assisted analysis pipeline was developed to automatically process imaging data and quantify morphological and biological features of AM microtissues. Analysis of the effects of cell density, cyst size and culture conditions revealed a clear connection between cyst size and amniogenesis of hPSC. Using this platform, we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of ROCK signaling, an essential mechanotransductive pathway, suppressed lumenogenesis but did not perturb amniogenic differentiation of hPSC, suggesting uncoupled regulatory mechanisms for AM morphogenesis vs. cytodifferentiation. The AM microtissue array was further applied to screen a panel of clinically relevant drugs, which successfully detected their differential teratogenecity. This work provides a technological platform for toxicological screening of clinically relevant drugs for their effects on lumenogenesis and amniogenesis during early human peri-implantation development, processes that have been previously inaccessible to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Zida Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Deborah L Gumucio
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Wilkinson AC, Ryan DJ, Kucinski I, Wang W, Yang J, Nestorowa S, Diamanti E, Tsang JCH, Wang J, Campos LS, Yang F, Fu B, Wilson N, Liu P, Gottgens B. Expanded potential stem cell media as a tool to study human developmental hematopoiesis in vitro. Exp Hematol 2019; 76:1-12.e5. [PMID: 31326613 PMCID: PMC6859476 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) differentiation in vitro represents a powerful and tractable model to study mammalian development and an unlimited source of cells for regenerative medicine. Within hematology, in vitro PSC hematopoiesis affords novel insights into blood formation and represents an exciting potential approach to generate hematopoietic and immune cell types for transplantation and transfusion. Most studies to date have focused on in vitro hematopoiesis from mouse PSCs and human PSCs. However, differences in mouse and human PSC culture protocols have complicated the translation of discoveries between these systems. We recently developed a novel chemical media formulation, expanded potential stem cell medium (EPSCM), that maintains mouse PSCs in a unique cellular state and extraembryonic differentiation capacity. Herein, we describe how EPSCM can be directly used to stably maintain human PSCs. We further demonstrate that human PSCs maintained in EPSCM can spontaneously form embryoid bodies and undergo in vitro hematopoiesis using a simple differentiation protocol, similar to mouse PSC differentiation. EPSCM-maintained human PSCs generated at least two hematopoietic cell populations, which displayed distinct transcriptional profiles by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. EPSCM also supports gene targeting using homologous recombination, affording generation of an SPI1 (PU.1) reporter PSC line to study and track in vitro hematopoiesis. EPSCM therefore provides a useful tool not only to study pluripotency but also hematopoietic cell specification and developmental-lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Wilkinson
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome & MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Ryan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iwo Kucinski
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome & MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Wang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sonia Nestorowa
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome & MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Evangelia Diamanti
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome & MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Juexuan Wang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lia S Campos
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fengtang Yang
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beiyuan Fu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola Wilson
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome & MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pentao Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Berthold Gottgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome & MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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Lee CS, Cho HJ, Lee JW, Lee J, Kwon YW, Son T, Park H, Kim J, Kim HS. Identification of Latrophilin-2 as a Novel Cell-Surface Marker for the Cardiomyogenic Lineage and Its Functional Significance in Heart Development. Circulation 2019; 139:2910-2912. [PMID: 31206334 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., J.L., Y.-W.K., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine (H.-J.C., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., J.L., Y.-W.K., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., J.L., Y.-W.K., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., J.L., Y.-W.K., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
| | - Taekwon Son
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Korea (T.S.)
| | - Hanseul Park
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea (H.P., J.K.)
| | - Jongpil Kim
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cell Reprogramming, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea (H.P., J.K.)
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes and Cancer (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., J.L., Y.-W.K., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
- Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology (C.-S.L., J.-W.L., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
- Cardiovascular Center and Department of Internal Medicine (H.-J.C., H.-S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital, Korea
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44
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Hackland JOS, Shelar PB, Sandhu N, Prasad MS, Charney RM, Gomez GA, Frith TJR, García-Castro MI. FGF Modulates the Axial Identity of Trunk hPSC-Derived Neural Crest but Not the Cranial-Trunk Decision. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:920-933. [PMID: 31091435 PMCID: PMC6524753 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest is a transient embryonic tissue that gives rise to a multitude of derivatives in an axially restricted manner. An in vitro counterpart to neural crest can be derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and can be used to study neural crest ontogeny and neurocristopathies, and to generate cells for therapeutic purposes. In order to successfully do this, it is critical to define the specific conditions required to generate neural crest of different axial identities, as regional restriction in differentiation potential is partly cell intrinsic. WNT and FGF signaling have been implicated as inducers of posterior fate, but the exact role that these signals play in trunk neural crest formation remains unclear. Here, we present a fully defined, xeno-free system for generating trunk neural crest from hPSCs and show that FGF signaling directs cells toward different axial identities within the trunk compartment while WNT signaling is the primary determinant of trunk versus cranial identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James O S Hackland
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Patrick B Shelar
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nabjot Sandhu
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Maneeshi S Prasad
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Rebekah M Charney
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Gustavo A Gomez
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Thomas J R Frith
- University of Sheffield, Department of Biomedical Science, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Martín I García-Castro
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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45
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Capeling MM, Czerwinski M, Huang S, Tsai YH, Wu A, Nagy MS, Juliar B, Sundaram N, Song Y, Han WM, Takayama S, Alsberg E, Garcia AJ, Helmrath M, Putnam AJ, Spence JR. Nonadhesive Alginate Hydrogels Support Growth of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Intestinal Organoids. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:381-394. [PMID: 30612954 PMCID: PMC6373433 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) represent a powerful system to study human development and are promising candidates for clinical translation as drug-screening tools or engineered tissue. Experimental control and clinical use of HIOs is limited by growth in expensive and poorly defined tumor-cell-derived extracellular matrices, prompting investigation of synthetic ECM-mimetics for HIO culture. Since HIOs possess an inner epithelium and outer mesenchyme, we hypothesized that adhesive cues provided by the matrix may be dispensable for HIO culture. Here, we demonstrate that alginate, a minimally supportive hydrogel with no inherent cell instructive properties, supports HIO growth in vitro and leads to HIO epithelial differentiation that is virtually indistinguishable from Matrigel-grown HIOs. In addition, alginate-grown HIOs mature to a similar degree as Matrigel-grown HIOs when transplanted in vivo, both resembling human fetal intestine. This work demonstrates that purely mechanical support from a simple-to-use and inexpensive hydrogel is sufficient to promote HIO survival and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M Capeling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Czerwinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Angeline Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Melinda S Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin Juliar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nambirajan Sundaram
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Woojin M Han
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andres J Garcia
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Michael Helmrath
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM) Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew J Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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46
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Xue Y, Zhan X, Sun S, Karuppagounder SS, Xia S, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Laterra J, Zhang J, Ying M. Synthetic mRNAs Drive Highly Efficient iPS Cell Differentiation to Dopaminergic Neurons. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:112-123. [PMID: 30387318 PMCID: PMC6344911 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proneural transcription factors (TFs) drive highly efficient differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to lineage-specific neurons. However, current strategies mainly rely on genome-integrating viruses. Here, we used synthetic mRNAs coding two proneural TFs (Atoh1 and Ngn2) to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons. mRNAs coding Atoh1 and Ngn2 with defined phosphosite modifications led to higher and more stable protein expression, and induced more efficient neuron conversion, as compared to mRNAs coding wild-type proteins. Using these two modified mRNAs with morphogens, we established a 5-day protocol that can rapidly generate mDA neurons with >90% purity from normal and Parkinson's disease iPSCs. After in vitro maturation, these mRNA-induced mDA (miDA) neurons recapitulate key biochemical and electrophysiological features of primary mDA neurons and can provide high-content neuron cultures for drug discovery. Proteomic analysis of Atoh1-binding proteins identified the nonmuscle myosin II (NM-II) complex as a new binding partner of nuclear Atoh1. The NM-II complex, commonly known as an ATP-dependent molecular motor, binds more strongly to phosphosite-modified Atoh1 than the wild type. Blebbistatin, an NM-II complex antagonist, and bradykinin, an NM-II complex agonist, inhibited and promoted, respectively, the transcriptional activity of Atoh1 and the efficiency of miDA neuron generation. These findings established the first mRNA-driven strategy for efficient iPSC differentiation to mDA neurons. We further identified the NM-II complex as a positive modulator of Atoh1-driven neuron differentiation. The methodology described here will facilitate the development of mRNA-driven differentiation strategies for generating iPSC-derived progenies widely applicable to disease modeling and cell replacement therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:112&12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Xue
- Department of Immunology, Research Center on Pediatric Development and DiseasesInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyBeijingPeople's Republic of China
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy KriegerBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Xiping Zhan
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsHoward UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Shisheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest UniversityXi'anPeople's Republic of China
| | - Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research FoundationNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Shuli Xia
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy KriegerBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research FoundationNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of PhysiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research FoundationNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - John Laterra
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy KriegerBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Research Center on Pediatric Development and DiseasesInstitute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy KriegerBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Serrano F, Bernard WG, Granata A, Iyer D, Steventon B, Kim M, Vallier L, Gambardella L, Sinha S. A Novel Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Crest Model of Treacher Collins Syndrome Shows Defects in Cell Death and Migration. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:81-100. [PMID: 30375284 PMCID: PMC6350417 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient multipotent cell population present during embryonic development. The NC can give rise to multiple cell types and is involved in a number of different diseases. Therefore, the development of new strategies to model NC in vitro enables investigations into the mechanisms involved in NC development and disease. In this study, we report a simple and efficient protocol to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (HPSC) into NC using a chemically defined media, with basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and the transforming growth factor-β inhibitor SB-431542. The cell population generated expresses a range of NC markers, including P75, TWIST1, SOX10, and TFAP2A. NC purification was achieved in vitro through serial passaging of the population, recreating the developmental stages of NC differentiation. The generated NC cells are highly proliferative, capable of differentiating to their derivatives in vitro and engraft in vivo to NC specific locations. In addition, these cells could be frozen for storage and thawed with no loss of NC properties, nor the ability to generate cellular derivatives. We assessed the potential of the derived NC population to model the neurocristopathy, Treacher Collins Syndrome (TCS), using small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of TCOF1 and by creating different TCOF1+/- HPSC lines through CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The NC cells derived from TCOF1+/- HPSC recapitulate the phenotype of the reported TCS murine model. We also report for the first time an impairment of migration in TCOF1+/- NC and mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, the developed protocol permits the generation of the large number of NC cells required for developmental studies, disease modeling, and for drug discovery platforms in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Serrano
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William George Bernard
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Granata
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Clifford Allbutt Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dharini Iyer
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Steventon
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Kim
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laure Gambardella
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- Anne McLaren Laboratory, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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48
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Li J, Narayanan C, Bian J, Sambo D, Brickler T, Zhang W, Chetty S. A transient DMSO treatment increases the differentiation potential of human pluripotent stem cells through the Rb family. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208110. [PMID: 30540809 PMCID: PMC6291069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The propensity for differentiation varies substantially across human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines, greatly restricting the use of hPSCs for cell replacement therapy or disease modeling. Here, we investigate the underlying mechanisms and demonstrate that activation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway in a transient manner is important for differentiation. In prior work, we demonstrated that pre-treating hPSCs with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) before directed differentiation enhanced differentiation potential across all three germ layers. Here, we show that exposure to DMSO improves the efficiency of hPSC differentiation through Rb and by repressing downstream E2F-target genes. While transient inactivation of the Rb family members (including Rb, p107, and p130) suppresses DMSO’s capacity to enhance differentiation across all germ layers, transient expression of a constitutively active (non-phosphorylatable) form of Rb increases the differentiation efficiency similar to DMSO. Inhibition of downstream targets of Rb, such as E2F signaling, also promotes differentiation of hPSCs. More generally, we demonstrate that the duration of Rb activation plays an important role in regulating differentiation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Cyndhavi Narayanan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jing Bian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Danielle Sambo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Brickler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Wancong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sundari Chetty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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49
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Ganguly R, Metkari S, Bhartiya D. Dynamics of Bone Marrow VSELs and HSCs in Response to Treatment with Gonadotropin and Steroid Hormones, during Pregnancy and Evidence to Support Their Asymmetric/Symmetric Cell Divisions. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:110-124. [PMID: 29168113 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gender plays an important role in the incidence of hematological malignancies and recently hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were found to proliferate more in females that gets further augmented during pregnancy. It was suggested that since basal numbers of HSCs remain the same in both sexes, possibly HSCs in females undergo increased self-renewal and apoptosis. Then how is self-renewal of stem cells regulated in males? More important, do HSCs undergo asymmetric cell divisions (ACD) or a more primitive population of pluripotent, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) undergo ACD to self-renew and specify into HSCs? Lot more clarity is required on the bone marrow stem cells biology. Present study was undertaken to evaluate whether similar dimorphism reported for HSCs also exists among VSELs. Bone marrow VSELs and HSCs were studied in bilaterally ovariectomized and castrated mice by flow cytometry after treating with gonadotropin (FSH) and sex steroid (estrogen & progesterone) hormones and during pregnancy. Differential expression of pluripotent (Oct-4A, Sox2, Nanog) and differentiation (Oct-4, Sca1, c-Kit, Ikaros) specific transcripts was studied. Basal BrdU uptake was more in both VSELs (p < 0.01) and HSCs (p < 0.05) in female bone marrow. FSH exerted a more profound effect compared to estradiol in both the sexes. Flow cytometry results showed ten-fold increase in spleen VSELs by mid-gestation associated with approximately two-fold increase in HSCs. These results point to a novel yet unreported role of spleen VSELs during pregnancy. Furthermore, VSELs underwent ACD to self-renew and give rise to slightly bigger HSCs based on unequal expression of NUMB, CD45 and OCT-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Ganguly
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Sidhanath Metkari
- Experimental Animal Facility, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - Deepa Bhartiya
- Stem Cell Biology Department, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India.
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50
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Tsao CJ, Taraballi F, Pandolfi L, Velasquez-Mao AJ, Ruano R, Tasciotti E, Jacot JG. Controlled Release of Small Molecules for Cardiac Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1798-1807. [PMID: 30129882 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been shown to differentiate to functional cardiomyocytes (CM) with high efficiency through temporally controlled inhibition of the GSK3/Wnt signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the ability of temporally controlled release of GSK3/Wnt small-molecule inhibitors to drive cardiac differentiation of iPSC without manual intervention. Porous silica particles were loaded with GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021 or Wnt inhibitor IWP2, and the particles containing IWP2 were coated with 5 wt% poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) 50:50 to delay release by ∼72 h. iPSCs reprogrammed through mRNA transfection were cultured with these particles up to 30 days. High-performance liquid chromatography suggests a burst release of CHIR99021 within the first 24 h and a delayed release of IWP2 after 72 h. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining did not show a significant effect on apoptosis or necrosis rates. Cultured cells upregulated both early (Nkx 2.5, Isl-1) and late (cTnT, MHC, Cx43) cardiac markers, assayed with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and began spontaneous contraction at 3.0 ± 0.6 Hz at 15-21 days after the start of differentiation. CM had clear sarcomeric striations when stained for β-myosin heavy chain, and showed expression and punctate membrane localization of gap junction protein Connexin43. Calcium and voltage-sensitive imaging showed both action potential and calcium transients typical of immature CM. This study showed that the cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cells can be directed by porous silica vectors with temporally controlled release of small-molecule inhibitors. These results suggest methods for automating and eliminating variability in manual maintenance of inhibitor concentrations in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to CM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Rodrigo Ruano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Diagnostic and Intervention Center, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey G Jacot
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Congenital Heart Surgery Service, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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