1
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Zhu Y, Meng X, Zhu X, Zhang J, Lv H, Wang F, Wang J, Chen C, Chen M, Wang D, Jin W, Tian R, Wang R. Circular RNA MKLN1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the miR-26a/b-5p/CDK8 axis in human alveolar epithelial cells and mice models. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1399-1413. [PMID: 38460002 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis involves destruction of the lung parenchyma and extracellular matrix deposition. Effective treatments for pulmonary fibrosis are lacking and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Studies have found that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) plays an important role in progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, an in-depth exploration of its mechanism might identify new therapeutic targets. In this study, we revealed that a novel circular RNA, MKLN1 (circMKLN1), was significantly elevated in two pulmonary fibrosis models (intraperitoneally with PQ, 50 mg/kg for 7 days, and intratracheally with BLM, 5 mg/kg for 28 days). Additionally, circMKLN1 was positively correlated with the severity of pulmonary fibrosis. Inhibition of circMKLN1 expression significantly reduced collagen deposition and inhibited EMT in AECs. EMT was aggravated after circMKLN1 overexpression in AECs. MiR-26a-5p/miR-26b-5p (miR-26a/b), the targets of circMKLN1, were confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. CircMKLN1 inhibition elevated miR-26a/b expression. Significantly decreased expression of CDK8 (one of the miR-26a/b targets) was observed after inhibition of circMKLN1. EMT was exacerbated again, and CDK8 expression was significantly increased after circMKLN1 inhibition and cotransfection of miR-26a/b inhibitors in AECs. Our research indicated that circMKLN1 promoted CDK8 expression through sponge adsorption of miR-26a/b, which regulates EMT and pulmonary fibrosis. This study provides a theoretical basis for finding new targets or biomarkers in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xian Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Feiyao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 650 Xinsongjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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2
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Xu R, Chong L, Zhu Y. Mediator kinase subunit CDK8 phosphorylates transcription factor TCP15 during tomato pollen development. Plant Physiol 2024; 195:865-878. [PMID: 38365204 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Pollen development in flowering plants has strong implications for reproductive success. Pollen DNA can be targeted to improve plant traits for yield and stress tolerance. In this study, we demonstrated that the Mediator subunit CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 8 (CDK8) is a key modulator of pollen development in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlCDK8 knockout led to significant decreases in pollen viability, fruit yield, and fruit seed number. We also found that SlCDK8 directly interacts with transcription factor TEOSINTE BRANCHED1-CYCLOIDEA-PCF15 (SlTCP15) using yeast two-hybrid screens. We subsequently showed that SlCDK8 phosphorylates Ser 187 of SlTCP15 to promote SlTCP15 stability. Phosphorylated TCP15 directly bound to the TGGGCY sequence in the promoters of DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1 (SlDYT1) and MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 103 (SlMYB103), which are responsible for pollen development. Consistently, disruption of SlTCP15 resembled slcdk8 tomato mutants. In sum, our work identified a new substrate of Mediator CDK8 and revealed an important regulatory role of SlCDK8 in pollen development via cooperation with SlTCP15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Leelyn Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Sanya Institute of Henan University, Sanya, Hainan 570203, China
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3
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Liao JZ, Chung HL, Shih C, Wong KKL, Dutta D, Nil Z, Burns CG, Kanca O, Park YJ, Zuo Z, Marcogliese PC, Sew K, Bellen HJ, Verheyen EM. Cdk8/CDK19 promotes mitochondrial fission through Drp1 phosphorylation and can phenotypically suppress pink1 deficiency in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3326. [PMID: 38637532 PMCID: PMC11026413 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cdk8 in Drosophila is the orthologue of vertebrate CDK8 and CDK19. These proteins have been shown to modulate transcriptional control by RNA polymerase II. We found that neuronal loss of Cdk8 severely reduces fly lifespan and causes bang sensitivity. Remarkably, these defects can be rescued by expression of human CDK19, found in the cytoplasm of neurons, suggesting a non-nuclear function of CDK19/Cdk8. Here we show that Cdk8 plays a critical role in the cytoplasm, with its loss causing elongated mitochondria in both muscles and neurons. We find that endogenous GFP-tagged Cdk8 can be found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. We show that Cdk8 promotes the phosphorylation of Drp1 at S616, a protein required for mitochondrial fission. Interestingly, Pink1, a mitochondrial kinase implicated in Parkinson's disease, also phosphorylates Drp1 at the same residue. Indeed, overexpression of Cdk8 significantly suppresses the phenotypes observed in flies with low levels of Pink1, including elevated levels of ROS, mitochondrial dysmorphology, and behavioral defects. In summary, we propose that Pink1 and Cdk8 perform similar functions to promote Drp1-mediated fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Zhe Liao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A1S6, BC, Canada
- Center for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A1S6, BC, Canada
| | - Hyung-Lok Chung
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claire Shih
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A1S6, BC, Canada
- Center for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A1S6, BC, Canada
| | - Kenneth Kin Lam Wong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A1S6, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Debdeep Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zelha Nil
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Catherine Grace Burns
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ye-Jin Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Paul C Marcogliese
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E0J9, MB, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E3P4, MB, Canada
| | - Katherine Sew
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A1S6, BC, Canada
- Center for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A1S6, BC, Canada
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Esther M Verheyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A1S6, BC, Canada.
- Center for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A1S6, BC, Canada.
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4
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Crawford T, Siebler L, Sulkowska A, Nowack B, Jiang L, Pan Y, Lämke J, Kappel C, Bäurle I. The Mediator kinase module enhances polymerase activity to regulate transcriptional memory after heat stress in Arabidopsis. EMBO J 2024; 43:437-461. [PMID: 38228917 PMCID: PMC10897291 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants are often exposed to recurring adverse environmental conditions in the wild. Acclimation to high temperatures entails transcriptional responses, which prime plants to better withstand subsequent stress events. Heat stress (HS)-induced transcriptional memory results in more efficient re-induction of transcription upon recurrence of heat stress. Here, we identified CDK8 and MED12, two subunits of the kinase module of the transcription co-regulator complex, Mediator, as promoters of heat stress memory and associated histone modifications in Arabidopsis. CDK8 is recruited to heat-stress memory genes by HEAT SHOCK TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A2 (HSFA2). Like HSFA2, CDK8 is largely dispensable for the initial gene induction upon HS, and its function in transcriptional memory is thus independent of primary gene activation. In addition to the promoter and transcriptional start region of target genes, CDK8 also binds their 3'-region, where it may promote elongation, termination, or rapid re-initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complexes during transcriptional memory bursts. Our work presents a complex role for the Mediator kinase module during transcriptional memory in multicellular eukaryotes, through interactions with transcription factors, chromatin modifications, and promotion of Pol II efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Crawford
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lara Siebler
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Bryan Nowack
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Li Jiang
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yufeng Pan
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jörn Lämke
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Kappel
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Isabel Bäurle
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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5
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Schiano C, Luongo L, Maione S, Napoli C. Mediator complex in neurological disease. Life Sci 2023; 329:121986. [PMID: 37516429 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases, including traumatic brain injuries, stroke (haemorrhagic and ischemic), and inherent neurodegenerative diseases cause acquired disability in humans, representing a leading cause of death worldwide. The Mediator complex (MED) is a large, evolutionarily conserved multiprotein that facilities the interaction between transcription factors and RNA Polymerase II in eukaryotes. Some MED subunits have been found altered in the brain, although their specific functions in neurodegenerative diseases are not fully understood. Mutations in MED subunits were associated with a wide range of genetic diseases for MED12, MED13, MED13L, MED20, MED23, MED25, and CDK8 genes. In addition, MED12 and MED23 were deregulated in the Alzheimer's Disease. Interestingly, most of the genomic mutations have been found in the subunits of the kinase module. To date, there is only one evidence on MED1 involvement in post-stroke cognitive deficits. Although the underlying neurodegenerative disorders may be different, we are confident that the signal cascades of the biological-cognitive mechanisms of brain adaptation, which begin after brain deterioration, may also differ. Here, we analysed relevant studies in English published up to June 2023. They were identified through a search of electronic databases including PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and Scopus, including search terms such as "Mediator complex", "neurological disease", "brains". Thematic content analysis was conducted to collect and summarize all studies demonstrating MED alteration to understand the role of this central transcriptional regulatory complex in the brain. Improved and deeper knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms in neurological diseases can increase the ability of physicians to predict onset and progression, thereby improving diagnostic care and providing appropriate treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy.
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy; IRCSS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy; IRCSS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Italy; Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology and Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Italy
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6
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Li J, Bai Y, Liu Y, Song Z, Yang Y, Zhao Y. Transcriptome-based chemical screens identify CDK8 as a common barrier in multiple cell reprogramming systems. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112566. [PMID: 37235474 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts can be chemically induced to pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs) through an extraembryonic endoderm (XEN)-like state or directly converted into other differentiated cell lineages. However, the mechanisms underlying chemically induced cell-fate reprogramming remain unclear. Here, a transcriptome-based screen of biologically active compounds uncovered that CDK8 inhibition was essential to enable chemically induced reprogramming from fibroblasts into XEN-like cells, then CiPSCs. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that CDK8 inhibition downregulated proinflammatory pathways that suppress chemical reprogramming and facilitated the induction of a multi-lineage priming state, indicating the establishment of plasticity in fibroblasts. CDK8 inhibition also resulted in a chromatin accessibility profile like that under initial chemical reprogramming. Moreover, CDK8 inhibition greatly promoted reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into hepatocyte-like cells and induction of human fibroblasts into adipocytes. These collective findings thus highlight CDK8 as a general molecular barrier in multiple cell reprogramming processes, and as a common target for inducing plasticity and cell fate conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Plastech Pharmaceutical Technology Ltd, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Plastech Pharmaceutical Technology Ltd, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Zhongya Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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7
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Wang M, Lin R, Li J, Suo Y, Gao J, Liu L, Zhou L, Ni Y, Yang Z, Zheng J, Lin J, Zhou H, Luo C, Lin H. Discovery of LL-K8-22: A Selective, Durable, and Small-Molecule Degrader of the CDK8-Cyclin C Complex. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4932-4951. [PMID: 36930701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The CDK8-cyclin C complex is an important anti-tumor target, but unlike CDK8, cyclin C remains undruggable. Modulators regulating cyclin C activity directly are still under development. Here, a series of hydrophobic tagging-based degraders of the CDK8-cyclin C complex were designed, synthesized, and evaluated to identify the first dual degrader, LL-K8-22, which induced selective and synchronous degradation of CDK8 and cyclin C. Proteomic and immunoblot studies exhibited that LL-K8-22 significantly degraded CDK8 without reducing CDK19 and did not degrade other cyclin proteins except cyclin C. Moreover, LL-K8-22 showed enhanced anti-proliferative effects over its parental molecule, BI-1347, with potency increased by 5-fold in MDA-MB-468 cells. LL-K8-22 exhibited more pronounced effects on CDK8-cyclin C downstream signaling than BI-1347, suppressing STAT1 phosphorylation more persistently. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that LL-K8-22 inhibited E2F- and MYC-driven carcinogenic transcriptional programs. Overall, LL-K8-22 is the first-in-class degrader of cyclin C and would be useful for studying the unknown functions of cyclin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rongkun Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuying Suo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Liping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yicheng Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ziqun Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Immunological Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Immunological Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Hua Lin
- Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
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8
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Zhai Z, Blanford JK, Cai Y, Sun J, Liu H, Shi H, Schwender J, Shanklin J. CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 8 positively regulates oil synthesis by activating WRINKLED1 transcription. New Phytol 2023; 238:724-736. [PMID: 36683527 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 8 (CDK8), a component of the kinase module of the Mediator complex in Arabidopsis, is involved in many processes, including flowering, plant defense, drought, and energy stress responses. Here, we investigated cdk8 mutants and CDK8-overexpressing lines to evaluate whether CDK8 also plays a role in regulating lipid synthesis, an energy-demanding anabolism. Quantitative lipid analysis demonstrated significant reductions in lipid synthesis rates and lipid accumulation in developing siliques and seedlings of cdk8, and conversely, elevated lipid contents in wild-type seed overexpressing CDK8. Transactivation assays show that CDK8 is necessary for maximal transactivation of the master seed oil activator WRINKLED1 (WRI1) by the seed maturation transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3, supporting a direct regulatory role of CDK8 in oil synthesis. Thermophoretic studies show GEMINIVIRUS REP INTERACTING KINASE1, an activating kinase of KIN10 (a catalytic subunit of SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING1-RELATED KINASE1), physically interacts with CDK8, resulting in its phosphorylation and degradation in the presence of KIN10. This work defines a mechanism whereby, once activated, KIN10 downregulates WRI1 expression and suppresses lipid synthesis via promoting the degradation of CDK8. The KIN10-CDK8-dependent regulation of lipid synthesis described herein is additional to our previously reported KIN10-dependent phosphorylation and degradation of WRI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Zhai
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jantana K Blanford
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yingqi Cai
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hai Shi
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jorg Schwender
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Department of Biology, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 463, 50 Bell Ave, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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9
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Freitas KA, Belk JA, Sotillo E, Quinn PJ, Ramello MC, Malipatlolla M, Daniel B, Sandor K, Klysz D, Bjelajac J, Xu P, Burdsall KA, Tieu V, Duong VT, Donovan MG, Weber EW, Chang HY, Majzner RG, Espinosa JM, Satpathy AT, Mackall CL. Enhanced T cell effector activity by targeting the Mediator kinase module. Science 2022; 378:eabn5647. [PMID: 36356142 PMCID: PMC10335827 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn5647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
T cells are the major arm of the immune system responsible for controlling and regressing cancers. To identify genes limiting T cell function, we conducted genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens in human chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Top hits were MED12 and CCNC, components of the Mediator kinase module. Targeted MED12 deletion enhanced antitumor activity and sustained the effector phenotype in CAR- and T cell receptor-engineered T cells, and inhibition of CDK8/19 kinase activity increased expansion of nonengineered T cells. MED12-deficient T cells manifested increased core Meditator chromatin occupancy at transcriptionally active enhancers-most notably for STAT and AP-1 transcription factors-and increased IL2RA expression and interleukin-2 sensitivity. These results implicate Mediator in T cell effector programming and identify the kinase module as a target for enhancing potency of antitumor T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Freitas
- Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: KAF and JAB
| | - Julia A. Belk
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: KAF and JAB
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick J. Quinn
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria C. Ramello
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meena Malipatlolla
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bence Daniel
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katalin Sandor
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dorota Klysz
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Bjelajac
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative
Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kylie A. Burdsall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Victor Tieu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vandon T. Duong
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Micah G. Donovan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado
Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Evan W. Weber
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco,
CA, USA
- Present address: Department of Pediatrics, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Howard Y. Chang
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco,
CA, USA
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University,
Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robbie G. Majzner
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell
Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joaquin M. Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado
Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ansuman T. Satpathy
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco,
CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of
Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: ATS and CLM
| | - Crystal L. Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco,
CA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell
Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of BMT and Cell Therapy, Department of Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: ATS and CLM
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10
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Li X, Zhang M, Liu M, Liu TH, Hemba-Waduge RUS, Ji JY. Cdk8 attenuates lipogenesis by inhibiting SREBP-dependent transcription in Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049650. [PMID: 36305265 PMCID: PMC9702540 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine-tuning of lipogenic gene expression is important for the maintenance of long-term homeostasis of intracellular lipids. The SREBP family of transcription factors are master regulators that control the transcription of lipogenic and cholesterogenic genes, but the mechanisms modulating SREBP-dependent transcription are still not fully understood. We previously reported that CDK8, a subunit of the transcription co-factor Mediator complex, phosphorylates SREBP at a conserved threonine residue. Here, using Drosophila as a model system, we observed that the phosphodeficient SREBP proteins (SREBP-Thr390Ala) were more stable and more potent in stimulating the expression of lipogenic genes and promoting lipogenesis in vivo than wild-type SREBP. In addition, starvation blocked the effects of wild-type SREBP-induced lipogenic gene transcription, whereas phosphodeficient SREBP was resistant to this effect. Furthermore, our biochemical analyses identified six highly conserved amino acid residues in the N-terminus disordered region of SREBP that are required for its interactions with both Cdk8 and the MED15 subunit of the small Mediator complex. These results support that the concerted actions of Cdk8 and MED15 are essential for the tight regulation of SREBP-dependent transcription. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tzu-Hao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rajitha-Udakara-Sampath Hemba-Waduge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jun-Yuan Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Louisiana Cancer Research Center, 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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11
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Hazra S, Ray AS, Rahaman CH. Natural Phytocompounds from Common Indian Spices for Identification of Three Potential Inhibitors of Breast Cancer: A Molecular Modelling Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196590. [PMID: 36235128 PMCID: PMC9573590 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer-related cause of death for women throughout the globe. In spite of some effective measures, the main concerns with traditional anti-cancer chemotherapy are its low bioavailability, physical side effects, acquired resistance of cancer cells and non-specific targeting. Now researchers have taken the initiative to establish natural product-based therapy methods and to identify viable hits for future lead optimization in the development of breast cancer medication. Our study aims to identify the potent phytocompounds from five very popular Indian spices (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Cuminum cyminum L., Piper nigrum L., Curcuma longa L., and Allium sativum L.). From these spices, a total of 200 phytocompounds were identified and screened against three target genes, namely, cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK 8), progesterone receptor (PR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), through structure-based virtual screening using iGEMDOCK 2.1 software. Based on the binding affinity score, the top three phytocompounds against each target protein (cynaroside (-149.66 Kcal/mol), apigetrin (-139.527 Kcal/mol) and curcumin (-138.149 Kcal/mol) against CDK8; apigetrin (-123.298 Kcal/mol), cynaroside (-118.635 Kcal/mol) and xyloglucan (-113.788 Kcal/mol) against PR; cynaroside (-119.18 Kcal/mol), apigetrin (-105.185 Kcal/mol) and xyloglucan (-105.106 Kcal/mol) against EGFR) were selected. Apigetrin, cynaroside, curcumin, and xyloglucan were finally identified for further docking analysis with the respective three target proteins. Autodock 4.2 was applied to screen the optimal binding position and to assess the relative intensity of binding interactions. In addition, the ADME/T property checks and bioactivity scores analysis of were performed to understand the suitability of these four phytocompounds to be potential candidates for developing effective and non-toxic anticancer agents. Based on this in silico analysis, we believe this study could contribute to current efforts to develop new drugs for treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Hazra
- Ethnopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindya Sundar Ray
- Ethnopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713340, West Bengal, India
- Correspondence: (A.S.R.); (C.H.R.)
| | - Chowdhury Habibur Rahaman
- Ethnopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
- Correspondence: (A.S.R.); (C.H.R.)
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12
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Lucci V, De Marino E, Tagliaferri D, Amente S, Pollice A, Calabrò V, Vivo M, Falco G, Angrisano T. Identification of Cdk8 and Cdkn2d as new Prame-Target Genes in 2C-Like Embryonic Stem Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101745. [PMID: 36292630 PMCID: PMC9601988 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) present a characteristic pluripotency heterogeneity correspondent to specific metastates. We recently demonstrated that retinoic acid (RA) induces an increase in a specific 2C-like metastate marked by target genes specific to the two-cell embryo stage in preimplantation. Prame (Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma) is one of the principal actors of the pluripotency stage with a specific role in RA responsiveness. Additionally, PRAME is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, but its molecular functions are poorly understood. To further investigate Prame’s downstream targets, we used a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) assay in RA-enriched 2C-like metastates and identified two specific target genes, Cdk8 and Cdkn2d, bound by Prame. These two targets, involved in cancer dedifferentiation and pluripotency, have been further validated in RA-resistant ESCs. Here, we observed for the first time that Prame controls the Cdk8 and Cdkn2d genes in ESCs after RA treatment, shedding light on the regulatory network behind the establishment of naïve pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lucci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80147 Naples, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”—National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.L.); (T.A.); Tel.: +39-081-679721 (T.A.)
| | - Elena De Marino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Tagliaferri
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche “Gaetano Salvatore”, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pollice
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80147 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vivo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80147 Naples, Italy
- IEOS-CNR, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”—National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Biogem Scarl, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche “Gaetano Salvatore”, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Angrisano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80147 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.L.); (T.A.); Tel.: +39-081-679721 (T.A.)
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13
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Ding X, Sharko AC, McDermott MSJ, Schools GP, Chumanevich A, Ji H, Li J, Zhang L, Mack ZT, Sikirzhytski V, Shtutman M, Ivers L, O’Donovan N, Crown J, Győrffy B, Chen M, Roninson IB, Broude EV. Inhibition of CDK8/19 Mediator kinase potentiates HER2-targeting drugs and bypasses resistance to these agents in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201073119. [PMID: 35914167 PMCID: PMC9371674 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201073119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers (BrCas) that overexpress oncogenic tyrosine kinase receptor HER2 are treated with HER2-targeting antibodies (such as trastuzumab) or small-molecule kinase inhibitors (such as lapatinib). However, most patients with metastatic HER2+ BrCa have intrinsic resistance and nearly all eventually become resistant to HER2-targeting therapy. Resistance to HER2-targeting drugs frequently involves transcriptional reprogramming associated with constitutive activation of different signaling pathways. We have investigated the role of CDK8/19 Mediator kinase, a regulator of transcriptional reprogramming, in the response of HER2+ BrCa to HER2-targeting drugs. CDK8 was in the top 1% of all genes ranked by correlation with shorter relapse-free survival among treated HER2+ BrCa patients. Selective CDK8/19 inhibitors (senexin B and SNX631) showed synergistic interactions with lapatinib and trastuzumab in a panel of HER2+ BrCa cell lines, overcoming and preventing resistance to HER2-targeting drugs. The synergistic effects were mediated in part through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and reduced by PI3K inhibition. Combination of HER2- and CDK8/19-targeting agents inhibited STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation at S727 and up-regulated tumor suppressor BTG2. The growth of xenograft tumors formed by lapatinib-sensitive or -resistant HER2+ breast cancer cells was partially inhibited by SNX631 alone and strongly suppressed by the combination of SNX631 and lapatinib, overcoming lapatinib resistance. These effects were associated with decreased tumor cell proliferation and altered recruitment of stromal components to the xenograft tumors. These results suggest potential clinical benefit of combining HER2- and CDK8/19-targeting drugs in the treatment of metastatic HER2+ BrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Ding
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Amanda C. Sharko
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Martina S. J. McDermott
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Gary P. Schools
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Alexander Chumanevich
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Zachary T. Mack
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Vitali Sikirzhytski
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Laura Ivers
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Norma O’Donovan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
- Oncology Biomarker Research Group, Research Center for Natural Sciences, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mengqian Chen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
- Senex Biotechnology, Inc., 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Igor B. Roninson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Eugenia V. Broude
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St., Columbia, SC, 29208
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14
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Offermann A, Joerg V, Becker F, Roesch MC, Kang D, Lemster AL, Tharun L, Behrends J, Merseburger AS, Culig Z, Sailer V, Brägelmann J, Kirfel J, Perner S. Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8/Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 19 Suppresses Its Pro-Oncogenic Effects in Prostate Cancer. Am J Pathol 2022; 192:813-823. [PMID: 35181333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Progression of prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by metastasis and castration resistance after response to androgen deprivation. Therapeutic options are limited, causing high morbidity and lethality. Recent work reported pro-oncogenic implications of the Mediator subunits cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 8 and 19 for the progression of PCa. The current study explored the underlying molecular mechanisms of CDK8/CDK19 and tested effects of novel CDK8/CDK19 inhibitors. PC3, DU145, LNCaP, and androgen-independent LNCaP Abl were used for in vitro experiments. Two inhibitors and CDK19 overexpression were used to modify CDK8/CDK19 activity. MTT assay, propidium iodide staining, wound healing assay, Boyden chamber assay, and adhesion assay were used to investigate cell viability, cell cycle, migration, and adhesion, respectively. Peptide-kinase screen using the PamGene platform was conducted to identify phosphorylated targets. Combining CDK8/CDK19 inhibitors with anti-androgens led to synergistic antiproliferative effects and sensitized androgen-independent cells to bicalutamide. CDK8/CDK19 inhibition resulted in reduced migration and increased collagen I-dependent adhesion. Phosphorylation of multiple peptides linked to cancer progression was identified to be dependent on CDK8/CDK19. In summary, this study substantially supports recent findings on CDK8/CDK19 in PCa progression. These findings contribute to a better understanding of underlying pro-oncogenic effects, which is needed to develop CDK8/CDK19 as a therapeutic target in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Offermann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Vincent Joerg
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Finn Becker
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Marie C Roesch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Duan Kang
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Lemster
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Lars Tharun
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Jochen Behrends
- Core Facility Fluorescence Cytometry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Zoran Culig
- Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Sailer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Johannes Brägelmann
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Mildred Scheel School of Oncology, Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
Five new compounds based on the structure of ergosterol have been prepared and tested for their ability to inhibit CDK8. The design of the compounds was inspired by the previous reported CDK8 inhibitors, cortistatin A, CCT251921 and Senexin A. The two most potent compounds, 16a and 16d, inhibited the target enzyme with Kd-values of 107 and 93 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros D Siapkaras
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik Johansson Solum
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; Faculty of Health Sciences, NORD University, 7800 Namsos, Norway
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16
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Sooraj D, Sun C, Doan A, Garama DJ, Dannappel MV, Zhu D, Chua HK, Mahara S, Wan Hassan WA, Tay YK, Guanizo A, Croagh D, Prodanovic Z, Gough DJ, Wan C, Firestein R. MED12 and BRD4 cooperate to sustain cancer growth upon loss of mediator kinase. Mol Cell 2022; 82:123-139.e7. [PMID: 34910943 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mediator kinases (CDK8/19) are transcriptional regulators broadly implicated in cancer. Despite their central role in fine-tuning gene-expression programs, we find complete loss of CDK8/19 is tolerated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Using orthogonal functional genomic and pharmacological screens, we identify BET protein inhibition as a distinct vulnerability in CDK8/19-depleted cells. Combined CDK8/19 and BET inhibition led to synergistic growth retardation in human and mouse models of CRC. Strikingly, depletion of CDK8/19 in these cells led to global repression of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) promoter occupancy and transcription. Concurrently, loss of Mediator kinase led to a profound increase in MED12 and BRD4 co-occupancy at enhancer elements and increased dependence on BET proteins for the transcriptional output of cell-essential genes. In total, this work demonstrates a synthetic lethal interaction between Mediator kinase and BET proteins and exposes a therapeutic vulnerability that can be targeted using combination therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Binding Sites
- Cell Cycle Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HCT116 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Mediator Complex/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mediator Complex/genetics
- Mediator Complex/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Burden
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Sooraj
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire Sun
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Doan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel J Garama
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marius V Dannappel
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Danxi Zhu
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui K Chua
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sylvia Mahara
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Wan Amir Wan Hassan
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yeng Kwang Tay
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aleks Guanizo
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Croagh
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zdenka Prodanovic
- Department of Pathology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel J Gough
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chunhua Wan
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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17
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Hollomon JM, Liu Z, Rusin SF, Jenkins NP, Smith AK, Koeppen K, Kettenbach AN, Myers LC, Hogan DA. The Candida albicans Cdk8-dependent phosphoproteome reveals repression of hyphal growth through a Flo8-dependent pathway. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009622. [PMID: 34982775 PMCID: PMC8769334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ssn3, also known as Cdk8, is a member of the four protein Cdk8 submodule within the multi-subunit Mediator complex involved in the co-regulation of transcription. In Candida albicans, the loss of Ssn3 kinase activity affects multiple phenotypes including cellular morphology, metabolism, nutrient acquisition, immune cell interactions, and drug resistance. In these studies, we generated a strain in which Ssn3 was replaced with a functional variant of Ssn3 that can be rapidly and selectively inhibited by the ATP analog 3-MB-PP1. Consistent with ssn3 null mutant and kinase dead phenotypes, inhibition of Ssn3 kinase activity promoted hypha formation. Furthermore, the increased expression of hypha-specific genes was the strongest transcriptional signal upon inhibition of Ssn3 in transcriptomics analyses. Rapid inactivation of Ssn3 was used for phosphoproteomic studies performed to identify Ssn3 kinase substrates associated with filamentation potential. Both previously validated and novel Ssn3 targets were identified. Protein phosphorylation sites that were reduced specifically upon Ssn3 inhibition included two sites in Flo8 which is a transcription factor known to positively regulate C. albicans morphology. Mutation of the two Flo8 phosphosites (threonine 589 and serine 620) was sufficient to increase Flo8-HA levels and Flo8 dependent transcriptional and morphological changes, suggesting that Ssn3 kinase activity negatively regulates Flo8.Under embedded conditions, when ssn3Δ/Δ and efg1Δ/Δ mutants were hyperfilamentous, FLO8 was essential for hypha formation. Previous work has also shown that loss of Ssn3 activity leads to increased alkalinization of medium with amino acids. Here, we show that the ssn3Δ/Δ medium alkalinization phenotype, which is dependent on STP2, a transcription factor involved in amino acid utilization, also requires FLO8 and EFG1. Together, these data show that Ssn3 activity can modulate Flo8 and its direct and indirect interactions in different ways, and underscores the potential importance of considering Ssn3 function in the control of transcription factor activities. In Candida albicans, Ssn3 kinase activity co-regulates the transcription of numerous genes involved in hyphal growth, metabolism and nutrient acquisition, immune cell interactions, and drug resistance. Using a strain in which Ssn3 could be rapidly and selectively inhibited, we identified both known and novel Ssn3 targets. We identified two phosphosites in Flo8, a regulator of morphology and virulence, that were shown to negatively regulate Flo8 levels and activity. The data and tools presented here will enable a better understanding of how Ssn3 impacts transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in order to coordinate processes during physiological and morphological transitions as well as during steady state growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Hollomon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Zhongle Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Scott F. Rusin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Nicole P. Jenkins
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Allia K. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Katja Koeppen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Arminja N. Kettenbach
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Lawrence C. Myers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Medical Education, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LCM); (DAH)
| | - Deborah A. Hogan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LCM); (DAH)
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Zhang H, Jing L, Liu M, Goto M, Lai F, Liu X, Sheng L, Yang Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Chen X, Lee KH, Xiao Z. Identification of 3, 4-disubstituted pyridine derivatives as novel CDK8 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113634. [PMID: 34147745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) has been recently regarded as a potential approach for cancer therapy. A series of novel CDK8 inhibitors with the pyridine core was identified via scaffold hopping from the known CDK8 inhibitor A-7. The new inhibitors were designed to improve the ligand efficiency so as to enhance drug-likeness. Most of the compounds showed significant inhibition against CDK8/cyclin C, and the most active compounds (5d, 5e and 7') displayed IC50 values of 2.4 nM, 5.0 nM and 7.7 nM, respectively. Preliminary kinase profiling of selected compounds against a panel of kinases from different families indicated that this compound class might selectively inhibit CDK8 as well as its paralog CDK19. Some compounds exhibited cellular activity in both MTT and SRB assays against a variety of tumor cells, including HCT-116, A549, MDA-MB-231, KB, KB-VIN and MCF-7. Further flow cytometry analysis revealed a dose-dependent G2/M phase arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with compounds 6'a, 6'b, 6'j and 6'k. In addition, compound 6'k demonstrated moderate antitumor efficacy in HCT-116 mouse models, although unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles were suggested by preliminary study in mice. The results provided a new structural prototype for the search of selective CDK8 inhibitors as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liandong Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Man Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, USA
| | - Fangfang Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li Sheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, USA; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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19
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Knab VM, Gotthardt D, Klein K, Grausenburger R, Heller G, Menzl I, Prinz D, Trifinopoulos J, List J, Fux D, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Sexl V. Triple-negative breast cancer cells rely on kinase-independent functions of CDK8 to evade NK-cell-mediated tumor surveillance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:991. [PMID: 34689158 PMCID: PMC8542046 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignant disease that is responsible for approximately 15% of breast cancers. The standard of care relies on surgery and chemotherapy but the prognosis is poor and there is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. Recent in silico studies have revealed an inverse correlation between recurrence-free survival and the level of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) in breast cancer patients. CDK8 is known to have a role in natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, but its function in TNBC progression and immune cell recognition or escape has not been investigated. We have used a murine model of orthotopic breast cancer to study the tumor-intrinsic role of CDK8 in TNBC. Knockdown of CDK8 in TNBC cells impairs tumor regrowth upon surgical removal and prevents metastasis. In the absence of CDK8, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is impaired and immune-mediated tumor-cell clearance is facilitated. CDK8 drives EMT in TNBC cells in a kinase-independent manner. In vivo experiments have confirmed that CDK8 is a crucial regulator of NK-cell-mediated immune evasion in TNBC. The studies also show that CDK8 is involved in regulating the checkpoint inhibitor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). The CDK8-PD-L1 axis is found in mouse and human TNBC cells, underlining the importance of CDK8-driven immune cell evasion in these highly aggressive breast cancer cells. Our data link CDK8 to PD-L1 expression and provide a rationale for investigating the possibility of CDK8-directed therapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Maria Knab
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Gotthardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Klein
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Grausenburger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingeborg Menzl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Trifinopoulos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia List
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Fux
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Arnett A, Moo KG, Flynn KJ, Sundberg TB, Johannessen L, Shamji AF, Gray NS, Decker T, Zheng Y, Gersuk VH, Rahman ZS, Levy DE, Marié IJ, Linsley PS, Xavier RJ, Khor B. The Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 (CDK8) Inhibitor DCA Promotes a Tolerogenic Chemical Immunophenotype in CD4 + T Cells via a Novel CDK8-GATA3-FOXP3 Pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0008521. [PMID: 34124936 PMCID: PMC8384069 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00085-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune health requires innate and adaptive immune cells to engage precisely balanced pro- and anti-inflammatory forces. We employ the concept of chemical immunophenotypes to classify small molecules functionally or mechanistically according to their patterns of effects on primary innate and adaptive immune cells. The high-specificity, low-toxicity cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) inhibitor 16-didehydro-cortistatin A (DCA) exerts a distinct tolerogenic profile in both innate and adaptive immune cells. DCA promotes regulatory T cells (Treg) and Th2 differentiation while inhibiting Th1 and Th17 differentiation in both murine and human cells. This unique chemical immunophenotype led to mechanistic studies showing that DCA promotes Treg differentiation in part by regulating a previously undescribed CDK8-GATA3-FOXP3 pathway that regulates early pathways of Foxp3 expression. These results highlight previously unappreciated links between Treg and Th2 differentiation and extend our understanding of the transcription factors that regulate Treg differentiation and their temporal sequencing. These findings have significant implications for future mechanistic and translational studies of CDK8 and CDK8 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azlann Arnett
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Keagan G. Moo
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Thomas B. Sundberg
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liv Johannessen
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alykhan F. Shamji
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathanael S. Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ye Zheng
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Ziaur S. Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David E. Levy
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isabelle J. Marié
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ramnik J. Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bernard Khor
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
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21
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Bernad R, Lynch CJ, Urdinguio RG, Stephan-Otto Attolini C, Fraga MF, Serrano M. Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040876. [PMID: 33921436 PMCID: PMC8069959 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells can be stabilized in vitro at different developmental states by the use of specific chemicals and soluble factors. The naïve and primed states are the best characterized pluripotency states. Naïve pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) correspond to the early pre-implantation blastocyst and, in mice, constitute the optimal starting state for subsequent developmental applications. However, the stabilization of human naïve PSCs remains challenging because, after short-term culture, most current methods result in karyotypic abnormalities, aberrant DNA methylation patterns, loss of imprinting and severely compromised developmental potency. We have recently developed a novel method to induce and stabilize naïve human PSCs that consists in the simple addition of a chemical inhibitor for the closely related CDK8 and CDK19 kinases (CDK8/19i). Long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs preserve their normal karyotype and do not show widespread DNA demethylation. Here, we investigate the long-term stability of allele-specific methylation at imprinted loci and the differentiation potency of CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs. We report that long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs retain the imprinting profile of their parental primed cells, and imprints are further retained upon differentiation in the context of teratoma formation. We have also tested the capacity of long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs to differentiate into primordial germ cell (PGC)-like cells (PGCLCs) and trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), two cell types that are accessible from the naïve state. Interestingly, long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs differentiated into PGCLCs with a similar efficiency to their primed counterparts. Also, long-term cultured CDK8/19i-naïve human PSCs were able to differentiate into TSCs, a transition that was not possible for primed PSCs. We conclude that inhibition of CDK8/19 stabilizes human PSCs in a functional naïve state that preserves imprinting and potency over long-term culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bernad
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Cian J. Lynch
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Rocio G. Urdinguio
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (R.G.U.); (M.F.F.)
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mario F. Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, 33940 El Entrego, Spain; (R.G.U.); (M.F.F.)
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Cellular Plasticity and Disease Group, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.B.); (C.J.L.)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-020-287
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22
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Guo P, Chong L, Wu F, Hsu CC, Li C, Zhu JK, Zhu Y. Mediator tail module subunits MED16 and MED25 differentially regulate abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis. J Integr Plant Biol 2021; 63:802-815. [PMID: 33369119 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
MED25 has been implicated as a negative regulator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. However, it is unclear whether other Mediator subunits could associate with MED25 to participate in the ABA response. Here, we used affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry to uncover Mediator subunits that associate with MED25 in transgenic plants. We found that at least 26 Mediator subunits, belonging to the head, middle, tail, and CDK8 kinase modules, were co-purified with MED25 in vivo. Interestingly, the tail module subunit MED16 was identified to associate with MED25 under both mock and ABA treatments. We further showed that the disruption of MED16 led to reduced ABA sensitivity compared to the wild type. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of several ABA-responsive genes was significantly lower in med16 than those in wild type. Furthermore, we discovered that MED16 may possibly compete with MED25 to interact with the key transcription factor ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) to positively regulate ABA signaling. Consistently, med16 and med25 mutants displayed opposite phenotypes in ABA response, cuticle permeability, and differential ABI5-mediated EM1 and EM6 expression. Together, our data indicate that MED16 and MED25 differentially regulate ABA signaling by antagonistically affecting ABI5-mediated transcription in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Leelyn Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Fangming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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23
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Agrawal R, Jiří F, Thakur JK. The kinase module of the Mediator complex: an important signalling processor for the development and survival of plants. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:224-240. [PMID: 32945869 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mediator, a multisubunit protein complex, is a signal processor that conveys regulatory information from transcription factors to RNA polymerase II and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. This megadalton complex comprises four modules, namely, the head, middle, tail, and kinase modules. The first three modules form the core part of the complex, whereas association of the kinase module is facultative. The kinase module is able to alter the function of Mediator and has been established as a major transcriptional regulator of numerous developmental and biochemical processes. The kinase module consists of MED12, MED13, CycC, and kinase CDK8. Upon association with Mediator, the kinase module can alter its structure and function dramatically. In the past decade, research has established that the kinase module is very important for plant growth and development, and in the fight against biotic and abiotic challenges. However, there has been no comprehensive review discussing these findings in detail and depth. In this review, we survey the regulation of kinase module subunits and highlight their many functions in plants. Coordination between the subunits to process different signals for optimum plant growth and development is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Agrawal
- Plant Mediator Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Fajkus Jiří
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitendra K Thakur
- Plant Mediator Lab, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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24
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Osman S, Mohammad E, Lidschreiber M, Stuetzer A, Bazsó FL, Maier KC, Urlaub H, Cramer P. The Cdk8 kinase module regulates interaction of the mediator complex with RNA polymerase II. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100734. [PMID: 33933450 PMCID: PMC8191332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cdk8 kinase module (CKM) is a dissociable part of the coactivator complex mediator, which regulates gene transcription by RNA polymerase II. The CKM has both negative and positive functions in gene transcription that remain poorly understood at the mechanistic level. In order to reconstitute the role of the CKM in transcription initiation, we prepared recombinant CKM from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We showed that CKM bound to the core mediator (cMed) complex, sterically inhibiting cMed from binding to the polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) in vitro. We further showed that the Cdk8 kinase activity of the CKM weakened CKM-cMed interaction, thereby facilitating dissociation of the CKM and enabling mediator to bind the PIC in order to stimulate transcription initiation. Finally, we report that the kinase activity of Cdk8 is required for gene activation during the stressful condition of heat shock in vivo but not under steady-state growth conditions. Based on these results, we propose a model in which the CKM negatively regulates mediator function at upstream-activating sequences by preventing mediator binding to the PIC at the gene promoter. However, during gene activation in response to stress, the Cdk8 kinase activity of the CKM may release mediator and allow its binding to the PIC, thereby accounting for the positive function of CKM. This may impart improved adaptability to stress by allowing a rapid transcriptional response to environmental changes, and we speculate that a similar mechanism in metazoans may allow the precise timing of developmental transcription programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Osman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eusra Mohammad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lidschreiber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stuetzer
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany; Bioanalytics Research Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fanni Laura Bazsó
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany; Bioanalytics Research Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin C Maier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany; Bioanalytics Research Group, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.
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25
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Spear JM, Lu Z, Russu WA. Pharmacological Inhibition of CDK8 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-468 Increases E2F1 Protein, Induces Phosphorylation of STAT3 and Apoptosis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235728. [PMID: 33291686 PMCID: PMC7730658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) has been identified as a colon cancer oncogene. Since this initial observation, CDK8 has been implicated as a potential driver of other cancers including acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and some breast cancers. Here, we observed different biological responses to CDK8 inhibition among colon cancer cell lines and the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-468. When treated with CDK8 inhibitor 4, all treated cell lines responded with decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. In the MDA-MB-468 cell line, the decrease in cell viability was dependent on increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is not observed in the colon cancer cell lines. Furthermore, increased STAT3 phosphorylation in 4 treated MDA-MB-468 cells was dependent on increased transcription factor E2F1 protein. These results are consistent with previous reports of exogenous expression of E2F1-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 cells.
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Postlmayr A, Dumeau CE, Wutz A. Cdk8 is required for establishment of H3K27me3 and gene repression by Xist and mouse development. Development 2020; 147:dev175141. [PMID: 32439758 PMCID: PMC7295591 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified the cyclin dependent kinase Cdk8 as a putative silencing factor for Xist To investigate its role in X inactivation, we engineered a Cdk8 mutation in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) carrying an inducible system for studying Xist function. We found that Xist repressed X-linked genes at half of the expression level in Cdk8 mutant cells, whereas they were almost completely silenced in the controls. Lack of Cdk8 impaired Ezh2 recruitment and the establishment of histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation but not PRC1 recruitment by Xist Transgenic expression of wild-type but not catalytically inactive Cdk8 restored efficient gene repression and PRC2 recruitment. Mutation of the paralogous kinase Cdk19 did not affect Xist function, and combined mutations of Cdk8 and Cdk19 resembled the Cdk8 mutation. In mice, a Cdk8 mutation caused post-implantation lethality. We observed that homozygous Cdk8 mutant female embryos showed a greater developmental delay than males on day 10.5. Together with the inefficient repression of X-linked genes in differentiating Cdk8 mutant female ESCs, these data show a requirement for Cdk8 in the initiation of X inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Postlmayr
- D-BIOL, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Hönggerberg, HPL E12, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8049 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charles Etienne Dumeau
- D-BIOL, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Hönggerberg, HPL E12, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8049 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Wutz
- D-BIOL, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Hönggerberg, HPL E12, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8049 Zurich, Switzerland
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Lipsey CC, Harbuzariu A, Robey RW, Huff LM, Gottesman MM, Gonzalez-Perez RR. Leptin Signaling Affects Survival and Chemoresistance of Estrogen Receptor Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3794. [PMID: 32471192 PMCID: PMC7311967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-receptor-negative breast cancer (BCER-) is mainly treated with chemotherapeutics. Leptin signaling can influence BCER- progression, but its effects on patient survival and chemoresistance are not well understood. We hypothesize that leptin signaling decreases the survival of BCER- patients by, in part, inducing the expression of chemoresistance-related genes. The correlation of expression of leptin receptor (OBR), leptin-targeted genes (CDK8, NANOG, and RBP-Jk), and breast cancer (BC) patient survival was determined from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mRNA data. Leptin-induced expression of proliferation and chemoresistance-related molecules was investigated in triple-negative BC (TNBC) cells that respond differently to chemotherapeutics. Leptin-induced gene expression in TNBC was analyzed by RNA-Seq. The specificity of leptin effects was assessed using OBR inhibitors (shRNA and peptides). The results show that OBR and leptin-targeted gene expression are associated with lower survival of BCER- patients. Importantly, the co-expression of these genes was also associated with chemotherapy failure. Leptin signaling increased the expression of tumorigenesis and chemoresistance-related genes (ABCB1, WNT4, ADHFE1, TBC1D3, LL22NC03, RDH5, and ITGB3) and impaired chemotherapeutic effects in TNBC cells. OBR inhibition re-sensitized TNBC to chemotherapeutics. In conclusion, the co-expression of OBR and leptin-targeted genes may be used as a predictor of survival and drug resistance of BCER- patients. Targeting OBR signaling could improve chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal C. Lipsey
- Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, GEBS, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (C.C.L.); (A.H.)
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.W.R.); (L.M.H.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Adriana Harbuzariu
- Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, GEBS, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (C.C.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Robert W. Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.W.R.); (L.M.H.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Lyn M. Huff
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.W.R.); (L.M.H.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Michael M. Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (R.W.R.); (L.M.H.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Ruben R. Gonzalez-Perez
- Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, GEBS, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA; (C.C.L.); (A.H.)
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28
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Hasan ASMM, Vander Schoor JK, Hecht V, Weller JL. The CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE Module of the Mediator Complex Promotes Flowering and Reproductive Development in Pea. Plant Physiol 2020; 182:1375-1386. [PMID: 31964799 PMCID: PMC7054868 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Control of flowering time has been a major focus of comparative genetic analyses in plant development. This study reports on a forward genetic approach to define previously uncharacterized components of flowering control pathways in the long-day legume, pea (Pisum sativum). We isolated two complementation groups of late-flowering mutants in pea that define two uncharacterized loci, LATE BLOOMER3 (LATE3) and LATE4, and describe their diverse effects on vegetative and reproductive development. A map-based comparative approach was employed to identify the underlying genes for both loci, revealing that that LATE3 and LATE4 are orthologs of CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE8 (CDK8) and CYCLIN C1 (CYCC1), components of the CDK8 kinase module of the Mediator complex, which is a deeply conserved regulator of transcription in eukaryotes. We confirm the genetic and physical interaction of LATE3 and LATE4 and show that they contribute to the transcriptional regulation of key flowering genes, including the induction of the florigen gene FTa1 and repression of the floral repressor LF Our results establish the conserved importance of the CDK8 module in plants and provide evidence for the function of CYCLIN C1 orthologs in the promotion of flowering and the maintenance of normal reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S M Mainul Hasan
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | | | - Valerie Hecht
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - James L Weller
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Silaeva YY, Kalmykov VA, Varlamova EA, Korshunov EN, Korshunova DS, Kubekina MV, Shtil AA, Roninson IB, Deykin AV. Genome Editing As an Approach to the Study of in Vivo Transcription Reprogramming. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2020; 490:43-46. [PMID: 32342312 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672920010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CDK8-mediated transcriptional reprogramming is essential for an extensive gene expression. Constitutive knockouts of the cdk8 gene are lethal at the morula stage. For modeling transcriptional reprogramming in an adult organism, we investigated the possibility to attenuate the CDK8 kinase activity with a F97G mutation in exon 3 of the cdk8 gene. According to preliminary experimental data, this mutation should lead to a decrease in CDK8 kinase activity. To edit the genome of laboratory mice, the CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used, in which the introduction of a double-stranded gap occurred at a distance of 128 nucleotide pairs from the planned site of the introduced mutation. To introduce the mutation, a matrix for homologous repair was used as part of plasmid DNA, with homologous arms 903 and 484 bp in the 5'-3' region from the point of double-stranded rupture, respectively. As a result, mice with site-specific target mutations in exon 3 of the cdk8 gene were obtained. We for the first time demonstrated a high efficacy of the mutation 128 bp apart from the site of double-strand break. Viable animals with the F97G mutation in the catalytic domain of CDK8 kinase were obtained for the first time. The resulting cdk8 mutant mice will be used in subsequent studies to simulate the processes involving transcription reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Silaeva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V A Kalmykov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E A Varlamova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Korshunov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Korshunova
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Kubekina
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Shtil
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I B Roninson
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - A V Deykin
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.
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30
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Kim D, Wang CY, Hu R, Lee JY, Luu TTT, Park HJ, Lee SK. Antitumor Activity of Vanicoside B Isolated from Persicaria dissitiflora by Targeting CDK8 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:3140-3149. [PMID: 31622095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A flavonoid glycoside, quercitrin (1), and two phenylpropanoyl sucrose derivatives, vanicoside B (2) and lapathoside C (3), were isolated for the first time from the herb Persicaria dissitiflora. Vanicoside B (2) exhibited antiproliferative activity against a panel of cancer cell lines in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells. The underlying mechanisms of the antitumor activity of 2 were investigated in TNBC cells. Upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) was observed in a claudin-low molecular subtype of TNBC cells. A molecular modeling study indicated that 2 showed a high affinity for CDK8. Further investigations revealed that 2 suppressed CDK8-mediated signaling pathways and the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and HCC38 TNBC cells. Moreover, 2 inhibited tumor growth without overt toxicity in a nude mouse xenograft model implanted with MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the significance of CDK8 activity in TNBC and suggest a potential use of 2 as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of aggressive human triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwa Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Cai Yi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ruoci Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Thi-Thu-Trang Luu
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Juhn Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Sangji University , Wonju 26339 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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31
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Steinparzer I, Sedlyarov V, Rubin JD, Eislmayr K, Galbraith MD, Levandowski CB, Vcelkova T, Sneezum L, Wascher F, Amman F, Kleinova R, Bender H, Andrysik Z, Espinosa JM, Superti-Furga G, Dowell RD, Taatjes DJ, Kovarik P. Transcriptional Responses to IFN-γ Require Mediator Kinase-Dependent Pause Release and Mechanistically Distinct CDK8 and CDK19 Functions. Mol Cell 2019; 76:485-499.e8. [PMID: 31495563 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional responses to external stimuli remain poorly understood. Using global nuclear run-on followed by sequencing (GRO-seq) and precision nuclear run-on sequencing (PRO-seq), we show that CDK8 kinase activity promotes RNA polymerase II pause release in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a universal cytokine involved in immunity and tumor surveillance. The Mediator kinase module contains CDK8 or CDK19, which are presumed to be functionally redundant. We implemented cortistatin A, chemical genetics, transcriptomics, and other methods to decouple their function while assessing enzymatic versus structural roles. Unexpectedly, CDK8 and CDK19 regulated different gene sets via distinct mechanisms. CDK8-dependent regulation required its kinase activity, whereas CDK19 governed IFN-γ responses through its scaffolding function (i.e., it was kinase independent). Accordingly, CDK8, not CDK19, phosphorylates the STAT1 transcription factor (TF) during IFN-γ stimulation, and CDK8 kinase inhibition blocked activation of JAK-STAT pathway TFs. Cytokines such as IFN-γ rapidly mobilize TFs to "reprogram" cellular transcription; our results implicate CDK8 and CDK19 as essential for this transcriptional reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Steinparzer
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitaly Sedlyarov
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan D Rubin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Kevin Eislmayr
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Terezia Vcelkova
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucy Sneezum
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Wascher
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Amman
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria; Department of Theoretical Chemistry of the University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renata Kleinova
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heather Bender
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zdenek Andrysik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joaquin M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin D Dowell
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Dylan J Taatjes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
| | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Chen J, Mohan R, Zhang Y, Li M, Chen H, Palmer IA, Chang M, Qi G, Spoel SH, Mengiste T, Wang D, Liu F, Fu ZQ. NPR1 Promotes Its Own and Target Gene Expression in Plant Defense by Recruiting CDK8. Plant Physiol 2019; 181:289-304. [PMID: 31110139 PMCID: PMC6716257 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
NPR1 (NONEXPRESSER OF PR GENES1) functions as a master regulator of the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) signaling and plays an essential role in plant immunity. In the nucleus, NPR1 interacts with transcription factors to induce the expression of PR (PATHOGENESIS-RELATED) genes and thereby promote defense responses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of PR gene activation is poorly understood. Furthermore, despite the importance of NPR1 in plant immunity, the regulation of NPR1 expression has not been extensively studied. Here, we show that SA promotes the interaction of NPR1 with both CDK8 (CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE8) and WRKY18 (WRKY DNA-BINDING PROTEIN18) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). NPR1 recruits CDK8 and WRKY18 to the NPR1 promoter, facilitating its own expression. Intriguingly, CDK8 and its associated Mediator subunits positively regulate NPR1 and PR1 expression and play a pivotal role in local and systemic immunity. Moreover, CDK8 interacts with WRKY6, WRKY18, and TGA transcription factors and brings RNA polymerase II to NPR1 and PR1 promoters and coding regions to facilitate their expression. Our studies reveal a mechanism in which NPR1 recruits CDK8, WRKY18, and TGA transcription factors along with RNA polymerase II in the presence of SA and thereby facilitates its own and target gene expression for the establishment of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Rajinikanth Mohan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Yuqiang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Huan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Ian Arthur Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Ming Chang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Guang Qi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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33
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Mao X, Kim JI, Wheeler MT, Heintzelman AK, Weake VM, Chapple C. Mutation of Mediator subunit CDK8 counteracts the stunted growth and salicylic acid hyperaccumulation phenotypes of an Arabidopsis MED5 mutant. New Phytol 2019; 223:233-245. [PMID: 30756399 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Mediator complex functions as a hub for transcriptional regulation. MED5, an Arabidopsis Mediator tail subunit, is required for maintaining phenylpropanoid homeostasis. A semidominant mutation (ref4-3) that causes a single amino acid substitution in MED5b functions as a strong suppressor of the pathway, leading to decreased soluble phenylpropanoid accumulation, reduced lignin content and dwarfism. By contrast, loss of MED5 results in increased concentrations of phenylpropanoids. We used a reverse genetic approach to identify suppressors of ref4-3 and found that ref4-3 requires CDK8, a kinase module subunit of Mediator, to repress plant growth. The genetic interaction between MED5 and CDK8 was further characterized using mRNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and metabolite analysis. Growth inhibition and suppression of phenylpropanoid metabolism can be genetically separated in ref4-3 by elimination of CDK8 kinase activity; however, the stunted growth of ref4-3 is not dependent on the phosphorylation event introduced by the G383S mutation. In addition, rather than perturbation of lignin biosynthesis, misregulation of DJC66, a gene encoding a DNAJ protein, is involved in the dwarfism of the med5 mutants. Together, our study reveals genetic interactions between Mediator tail and kinase module subunits and enhances our understanding of dwarfing in phenylpropanoid pathway mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Mao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jeong Im Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mitchell T Wheeler
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Anne K Heintzelman
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO, 64468, USA
| | - Vikki M Weake
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Clint Chapple
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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34
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Youn DY, Xiaoli AM, Kwon H, Yang F, Pessin JE. The subunit assembly state of the Mediator complex is nutrient-regulated and is dysregulated in a genetic model of insulin resistance and obesity. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:9076-9083. [PMID: 31028171 PMCID: PMC6556571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediator complex plays a critical role in the regulation of transcription by linking transcription factors to RNA polymerase II. By examining mouse livers, we have found that in the fasted state, the Mediator complex exists primarily as an approximately 1.2-MDa complex, consistent with the size of the large Mediator complex, whereas following feeding, it converts to an approximately 600-kDa complex, consistent with the size of the core Mediator complex. This dynamic change is due to the dissociation and degradation of the kinase module that includes the MED13, MED12, cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8), and cyclin C (CCNC) subunits. The dissociation and degradation of the kinase module are dependent upon nutrient activation of mTORC1 that is necessary for the induction of lipogenic gene expression because pharmacological or genetic inhibition of mTORC1 in the fed state restores the kinase module. The degradation but not dissociation of the kinase module depends upon the E3 ligase, SCFFBW7 In addition, genetically insulin-resistant and obese db/db mice in the fasted state displayed elevated lipogenic gene expression and loss of the kinase module that was reversed following mTORC1 inhibition. These data demonstrate that the assembly state of the Mediator complex undergoes physiologic regulation during normal cycles of fasting and feeding in the mouse liver. Furthermore, the assembly state of the Mediator complex is dysregulated in states of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Yeon Youn
- From the Departments of Medicine
- Molecular Pharmacology and
| | - Alus M Xiaoli
- From the Departments of Medicine
- Developmental and Molecular Biology, and
| | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- the Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Fajun Yang
- From the Departments of Medicine
- Developmental and Molecular Biology, and
- the Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461 and
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- From the Departments of Medicine,
- Molecular Pharmacology and
- the Fleischer Institute of Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461 and
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35
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Huang J, Sun Y, Orduna AR, Jetter R, Li X. The Mediator kinase module serves as a positive regulator of salicylic acid accumulation and systemic acquired resistance. Plant J 2019; 98:842-852. [PMID: 30739357 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) are required for transcriptional regulation of abiotic and biotic stress responses. Among them, CAMTA3 in Arabidopsis has been intensively studied and shown to function redundantly with CAMTA1 and CAMTA2 to negatively regulate plant immunity. The camta1/2/3 triple mutant accordingly exhibits severe dwarfism due to autoimmunity. Here, through a suppressor screen using camta1/2/3 triple mutant, we found that a mutation in Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 (CDK8) partially suppresses the dwarfism and constitutive resistance phenotypes of camta1/2/3. CDK8 positively regulates steady-state salicylic acid (SA) levels and systemic required resistance (SAR). The expression of SA biosynthesis genes such as ICS1 and EDS5 is down-regulated in cdk8 mutants under uninfected conditions, suggesting that CDK8 contributes to the transcriptional regulation of these SA pathway genes. Knocking out another Mediator kinase module member MED12 yielded similar defects including decreased steady-state SA level and compromised SAR, suggesting that the whole Mediator kinase module contributes to the transcriptional regulation of SA levels and SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Huang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Yulin Sun
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Alberto R Orduna
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Reinhard Jetter
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4
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Gao X, Xie XJ, Hsu FN, Li X, Liu M, Hemba-Waduge RUS, Xu W, Ji JY. CDK8 mediates the dietary effects on developmental transition in Drosophila. Dev Biol 2018; 444:62-70. [PMID: 30352217 PMCID: PMC6263851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors, such as diet and lifestyle, defines the initiation and progression of multifactorial diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and neurological disorders. Given that most of the studies have been performed in controlled experimental settings to ensure the consistency and reproducibility, the impacts of environmental factors, such as dietary perturbation, on the development of animals with different genotypes and the pathogenesis of these diseases remain poorly understood. By analyzing the cdk8 and cyclin C (cycC) mutant larvae in Drosophila, we have previously reported that the CDK8-CycC complex coordinately regulates lipogenesis by repressing dSREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein)-activated transcription and developmental timing by activating EcR (ecdysone receptor)-dependent gene expression. Here we report that dietary nutrients, particularly proteins and carbohydrates, modulate the developmental timing through the CDK8/CycC/EcR pathway. We observed that cdk8 and cycC mutants are sensitive to the levels of dietary proteins and seven amino acids (arginine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, threonine, and valine). Those mutants are also sensitive to dietary carbohydrates, and they are more sensitive to monosaccharides than disaccharides. These results suggest that CDK8-CycC mediates the dietary effects on lipid metabolism and developmental timing in Drosophila larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinsheng Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiao-Jun Xie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Fu-Ning Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Jun-Yuan Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Park MJ, Shen H, Kim NH, Gao F, Failor C, Knudtson JF, McLaughlin J, Halder SK, Heikkinen TA, Vahteristo P, Al-Hendy A, Schenken RS, Boyer TG. Mediator Kinase Disruption in MED12-Mutant Uterine Fibroids From Hispanic Women of South Texas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4283-4292. [PMID: 30099503 PMCID: PMC6194812 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mutations in the gene encoding Mediator complex subunit MED12 are dominant drivers of uterine fibroids (UFs) in women of diverse racial and ethnic origins. Previously, we showed that UF-linked mutations in MED12 disrupt its ability to activate cyclin C-CDK8/19 in Mediator. However, validation of Mediator kinase disruption in the clinically relevant setting of MED12-mutant UFs is currently lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was twofold. First, to extend the ethnic distribution profile of MED12 mutations by establishing their frequency in UFs from Hispanic women of South Texas. Second, to examine the impact of MED12 mutations on Mediator kinase activity in patient-derived UFs. METHODS We screened 219 UFs from 76 women, including 170 tumors from 57 Hispanic patients, for MED12 exon 2 mutations, and further examined CDK8/19 activity in Mediator complexes immunoprecipitated from MED12 mutation-negative and MED12 mutation-positive UFs. RESULTS MED12 exon 2 mutations in UFs from Hispanic women are somatic in nature, predominantly monoallelic, and occur at high frequency (54.1%). We identified a minimal cyclin C-CDK8 activation domain on MED12 spanning amino acids 15 through 80 that includes all recorded UF-linked mutations in MED12, suggesting that disruption of Mediator kinase activity is a principal biochemical defect arising from these pathogenic alterations. Analysis of Mediator complexes recovered from patient UFs confirmed this, revealing that Mediator kinase activity is selectively impaired in MED12-mutant UFs. CONCLUSIONS MED12 mutations are important drivers of UF formation in Hispanic women of South Texas. MED12 mutations disrupt Mediator kinase activity, implicating altered CDK8/19 function in UF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ju Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hailian Shen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Fangjian Gao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Courtney Failor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jennifer F Knudtson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jessica McLaughlin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Sunil K Halder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Tuomas A Heikkinen
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program and Medicum, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Vahteristo
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology Research Program and Medicum, Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Robert S Schenken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Thomas G Boyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Thomas G. Boyer, PhD, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 8257, San Antonio, Texas 78229. E-mail:
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38
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Dimitrova E, Kondo T, Feldmann A, Nakayama M, Koseki Y, Konietzny R, Kessler BM, Koseki H, Klose RJ. FBXL19 recruits CDK-Mediator to CpG islands of developmental genes priming them for activation during lineage commitment. eLife 2018; 7:e37084. [PMID: 29809150 PMCID: PMC5997449 DOI: 10.7554/elife.37084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CpG islands are gene regulatory elements associated with the majority of mammalian promoters, yet how they regulate gene expression remains poorly understood. Here, we identify FBXL19 as a CpG island-binding protein in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and show that it associates with the CDK-Mediator complex. We discover that FBXL19 recruits CDK-Mediator to CpG island-associated promoters of non-transcribed developmental genes to prime these genes for activation during cell lineage commitment. We further show that recognition of CpG islands by FBXL19 is essential for mouse development. Together this reveals a new CpG island-centric mechanism for CDK-Mediator recruitment to developmental gene promoters in ES cells and a requirement for CDK-Mediator in priming these developmental genes for activation during cell lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Dimitrova
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Takashi Kondo
- Laboratory for Developmental GeneticsRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokohamaJapan
| | | | - Manabu Nakayama
- Department of Technology DevelopmentKazusa DNA Research InstituteKisarazuJapan
| | - Yoko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental GeneticsRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokohamaJapan
| | - Rebecca Konietzny
- Nuffield Department of MedicineTDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Nuffield Department of MedicineTDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental GeneticsRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokohamaJapan
- CRESTJapan Science and Technology AgencyKawaguchiJapan
| | - Robert J Klose
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Snijders Blok L, Hiatt SM, Bowling KM, Prokop JW, Engel KL, Cochran JN, Bebin EM, Bijlsma EK, Ruivenkamp CAL, Terhal P, Simon MEH, Smith R, Hurst JA, McLaughlin H, Person R, Crunk A, Wangler MF, Streff H, Symonds JD, Zuberi SM, Elliott KS, Sanders VR, Masunga A, Hopkin RJ, Dubbs HA, Ortiz-Gonzalez XR, Pfundt R, Brunner HG, Fisher SE, Kleefstra T, Cooper GM. De novo mutations in MED13, a component of the Mediator complex, are associated with a novel neurodevelopmental disorder. Hum Genet 2018; 137:375-388. [PMID: 29740699 PMCID: PMC5973976 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1887-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many genetic causes of developmental delay and/or intellectual disability (DD/ID) are extremely rare, and robust discovery of these requires both large-scale DNA sequencing and data sharing. Here we describe a GeneMatcher collaboration which led to a cohort of 13 affected individuals harboring protein-altering variants, 11 of which are de novo, in MED13; the only inherited variant was transmitted to an affected child from an affected mother. All patients had intellectual disability and/or developmental delays, including speech delays or disorders. Other features that were reported in two or more patients include autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, optic nerve abnormalities, Duane anomaly, hypotonia, mild congenital heart abnormalities, and dysmorphisms. Six affected individuals had mutations that are predicted to truncate the MED13 protein, six had missense mutations, and one had an in-frame-deletion of one amino acid. Out of the seven non-truncating mutations, six clustered in two specific locations of the MED13 protein: an N-terminal and C-terminal region. The four N-terminal clustering mutations affect two adjacent amino acids that are known to be involved in MED13 ubiquitination and degradation, p.Thr326 and p.Pro327. MED13 is a component of the CDK8-kinase module that can reversibly bind Mediator, a multi-protein complex that is required for Polymerase II transcription initiation. Mutations in several other genes encoding subunits of Mediator have been previously shown to associate with DD/ID, including MED13L, a paralog of MED13. Thus, our findings add MED13 to the group of CDK8-kinase module-associated disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lot Snijders Blok
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan M Hiatt
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Kevin M Bowling
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Krysta L Engel
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - J Nicholas Cochran
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | | | - Emilia K Bijlsma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia A L Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paulien Terhal
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen E H Simon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie Smith
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Jane A Hurst
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | | | | | - Amy Crunk
- GeneDx, 207 Perry Parkway, Gaithersburg, MD, 20877, USA
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haley Streff
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph D Symonds
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, University of Glasgow and Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Sameer M Zuberi
- Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, University of Glasgow and Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | | | - Victoria R Sanders
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abigail Masunga
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Holly A Dubbs
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Rolph Pfundt
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gregory M Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.
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Kong L, Chang C. Suppression of wheat TaCDK8/TaWIN1 interaction negatively affects germination of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici by interfering with very-long-chain aldehyde biosynthesis. Plant Mol Biol 2018; 96:165-178. [PMID: 29197938 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wheat TaCDK8 interacts with TaWIN1 to regulate very-long-chain aldehyde biosynthesis required for efficient germination of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici (Bgt) is a devastating disease of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Bgt infection initiates with its conidia germination on the aerial surface of wheat. In this study, we isolated the cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (TaCDK8) from wheat cultivar Jing411 and found that silencing of TaCDK8 impeded Bgt germination. The biochemical and molecular-biological assays revealed that TaCDK8 interacts with and phosphorylates the wheat transcription factor wax inducer 1 (TaWIN1) to stimulate the TaWIN1-dependent transcription. Bgt conidia on the leaves of TaWIN1-silenced plants also showed reduced germination. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that knockdown of TaCDK8 or TaWIN1 resulted in decreases of wax components and cutin monomers in wheat leaves. Moreover, Bgt germination on leaves of TaCDK8 or TaWIN1 silenced plants could be fully restored by application of wild-type cuticular wax. In vitro studies demonstrated that very-long-chain aldehydes absent from the cuticular wax of the TaCDK8 or TaWIN1 silenced plants were capable of chemically stimulating Bgt germination. These results implicated that the suppression of TaCDK8/TaWIN1 interaction negatively affects Bgt germination by interfering with very-long-chain aldehyde biosynthesis required for efficient fungal germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyao Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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41
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Yurko N, Liu X, Yamazaki T, Hoque M, Tian B, Manley JL. MPK1/SLT2 Links Multiple Stress Responses with Gene Expression in Budding Yeast by Phosphorylating Tyr1 of the RNAP II CTD. Mol Cell 2017; 68:913-925.e3. [PMID: 29220656 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The RNA polymerase II largest subunit C-terminal domain consists of repeated YSPTSPS heptapeptides. The role of tyrosine-1 (Tyr1) remains incompletely understood, as, for example, mutating all Tyr1 residues to Phe (Y1F) is lethal in vertebrates but a related mutant has only a mild phenotype in S. pombe. Here we show that Y1F substitution in budding yeast resulted in a strong slow-growth phenotype. The Y1F strain was also hypersensitive to several different cellular stresses that involve MAP kinase signaling. These phenotypes were all linked to transcriptional changes, and we also identified genetic and biochemical interactions between Tyr1 and both transcription initiation and termination factors. Further studies uncovered defects related to MAP kinase I (Slt2) pathways, and we provide evidence that Slt2 phosphorylates Tyr1 in vitro and in vivo. Our study has thus identified Slt2 as a Tyr1 kinase, and in doing so provided links between stress response activation and Tyr1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Yurko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Mainul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - James L Manley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Huang C, Su T, Xue Y, Cheng C, Lay FD, McKee RA, Li M, Vashisht A, Wohlschlegel J, Novitch BG, Plath K, Kurdistani SK, Carey M. Cbx3 maintains lineage specificity during neural differentiation. Genes Dev 2017; 31:241-246. [PMID: 28270516 PMCID: PMC5358721 DOI: 10.1101/gad.292169.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chromobox homolog 3 (Cbx3/heterochromatin protein 1γ [HP1γ]) stimulates cell differentiation, but its mechanism is unknown. We found that Cbx3 binds to gene promoters upon differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and recruits the Mediator subunit Med26. RNAi knockdown of either Cbx3 or Med26 inhibits neural differentiation while up-regulating genes involved in mesodermal lineage decisions. Thus, Cbx3 and Med26 together ensure the fidelity of lineage specification by enhancing the expression of neural genes and down-regulating genes specific to alternative fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyang Huang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Trent Su
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - Yong Xue
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - Fides D Lay
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Robin A McKee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - Meiyang Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ajay Vashisht
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - James Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - Bennett G Novitch
- Department of Neurobiology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - Siavash K Kurdistani
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
| | - Michael Carey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles California 90095, USA
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Buendía-Monreal M, Gillmor CS. Convergent repression of miR156 by sugar and the CDK8 module of Arabidopsis Mediator. Dev Biol 2017; 423:19-23. [PMID: 28108181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, leaves produced during the juvenile vegetative phase are simple, while adult leaves are morphologically complex. The juvenile to adult transition is regulated by miR156, a microRNA that promotes juvenility by impeding the function of SPL transcription factors, which specify adult leaf traits. Both leaf derived sugars, as well as the Mediator Cyclin Dependent Kinase 8 (CDK8) module genes CENTER CITY (CCT)/MED12 and GRAND CENTRAL (GCT)/MED13, act upstream of miR156 to promote the juvenile to adult transition. However, it is not known whether sugar, CCT and GCT repress miR156 independently, as part of the same pathway, or in a cooperative manner. Here we show that sugar treatment can repress MIR156 expression in the absence of CCT or GCT. Both cct and the photosynthetic mutant chlorina1 (ch1) (which decreases sugar synthesis) exhibit extended juvenile development and increased MIR156A and MIR156C expression. Compared to ch1 and cct single mutants, the ch1 cct double mutant has a stronger effect on juvenile leaf traits, higher MIR156C levels, and a dramatic increase in MIR156A. Our results show that sugar and the CDK8 module are capable of regulating MIR156 independently, but suggest they normally act together in a synergistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Buendía-Monreal
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - C Stewart Gillmor
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad (Langebio), Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Czodrowski P, Mallinger A, Wienke D, Esdar C, Pöschke O, Busch M, Rohdich F, Eccles SA, Ortiz-Ruiz MJ, Schneider R, Raynaud FI, Clarke PA, Musil D, Schwarz D, Dale T, Urbahns K, Blagg J, Schiemann K. Structure-Based Optimization of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable CDK8 Inhibitors Discovered by High-Throughput Screening. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9337-9349. [PMID: 27490956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mediator complex-associated cyclin dependent kinase CDK8 regulates β-catenin-dependent transcription following activation of WNT signaling. Multiple lines of evidence suggest CDK8 may act as an oncogene in the development of colorectal cancer. Here we describe the successful optimization of an imidazo-thiadiazole series of CDK8 inhibitors that was identified in a high-throughput screening campaign and further progressed by structure-based design. In several optimization cycles, we improved the microsomal stability, potency, and kinase selectivity. The initial imidazo-thiadiazole scaffold was replaced by a 3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]-pyridine which resulted in compound 25 (MSC2530818) that displayed excellent kinase selectivity, biochemical and cellular potency, microsomal stability, and is orally bioavailable. Furthermore, we demonstrated modulation of phospho-STAT1, a pharmacodynamic biomarker of CDK8 activity, and tumor growth inhibition in an APC mutant SW620 human colorectal carcinoma xenograft model after oral administration. Compound 25 demonstrated suitable potency and selectivity to progress into preclinical in vivo efficacy and safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Czodrowski
- Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Aurélie Mallinger
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research , London, SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Dirk Wienke
- Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Christina Esdar
- Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Oliver Pöschke
- Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Michael Busch
- Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Felix Rohdich
- Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Suzanne A Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research , London, SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Maria-Jesus Ortiz-Ruiz
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research , London, SW7 3RP, U.K
| | | | - Florence I Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research , London, SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research , London, SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Djordje Musil
- Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Daniel Schwarz
- Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Trevor Dale
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University , Cardiff, CF10 3AX, U.K
| | - Klaus Urbahns
- Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Julian Blagg
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit at The Institute of Cancer Research , London, SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Kai Schiemann
- Merck KGaA , Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
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Ohtsuka M, Ling H, Ivan C, Pichler M, Matsushita D, Goblirsch M, Stiegelbauer V, Shigeyasu K, Zhang X, Chen M, Vidhu F, Bartholomeusz GA, Toiyama Y, Kusunoki M, Doki Y, Mori M, Song S, Gunther JR, Krishnan S, Slaby O, Goel A, Ajani JA, Radovich M, Calin GA. H19 Noncoding RNA, an Independent Prognostic Factor, Regulates Essential Rb-E2F and CDK8-β-Catenin Signaling in Colorectal Cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:113-124. [PMID: 27789274 PMCID: PMC5264449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High H19 expression in primary tumors is an independent predictor of short overall survival in CRC patients. RB1-E2F and CDK8-β-catenin signaling are essential in mediating the oncogenic activity of H19 in CRC. Combined analysis of H19 and its targets further improved the prediction power on overall survival of CRC patients.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts at least 200 nucleotides long that do not code for proteins. The clinical relevance of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely unknown. Here we identified that H19 expression in primary tumors is an independent prognostic predictor of poor prognosis of CRC patients and further proved its oncogenic role. To characterize the mechanisms, we profiled gene expression changes following H19 modulation in CRC cell lines and analyzed gene expression association in clinical datasets. Our data revealed important cancer-signaling pathways, including the RB1-E2F and the CDK8-β-catenin signaling, underlying H19 function. The clinical significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unexplored. Here, we analyzed a large panel of lncRNA candidates with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CRC dataset, and identified H19 as the most significant lncRNA associated with CRC patient survival. We further validated such association in two independent CRC cohorts. H19 silencing blocked G1-S transition, reduced cell proliferation, and inhibited cell migration. We profiled gene expression changes to gain mechanism insight of H19 function. Transcriptome data analysis revealed not only previously identified mechanisms such as Let-7 regulation by H19, but also RB1-E2F1 function and β-catenin activity as essential upstream regulators mediating H19 function. Our experimental data showed that H19 affects phosphorylation of RB1 protein by regulating gene expression of CDK4 and CCND1. We further demonstrated that reduced CDK8 expression underlies changes of β-catenin activity, and identified that H19 interacts with macroH2A, an essential regulator of CDK8 gene transcription. However, the relevance of H19-macroH2A interaction in CDK8 regulation remains to be experimentally determined. We further explored the clinical relevance of above mechanisms in clinical samples, and showed that combined analysis of H19 with its targets improved prognostic value of H19 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Research Unit for non-coding RNA and genome editing, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Daisuke Matsushita
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Goblirsch
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Research Unit for non-coding RNA and genome editing, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Kunitoshi Shigeyasu
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fnu Vidhu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Bartholomeusz
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jillian R Gunther
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Molecular Oncology II, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Milan Radovich
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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D'Urso A, Takahashi YH, Xiong B, Marone J, Coukos R, Randise-Hinchliff C, Wang JP, Shilatifard A, Brickner JH. Set1/COMPASS and Mediator are repurposed to promote epigenetic transcriptional memory. eLife 2016; 5:e16691. [PMID: 27336723 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16691.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In yeast and humans, previous experiences can lead to epigenetic transcriptional memory: repressed genes that exhibit mitotically heritable changes in chromatin structure and promoter recruitment of poised RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (RNAPII PIC), which enhances future reactivation. Here, we show that INO1 memory in yeast is initiated by binding of the Sfl1 transcription factor to the cis-acting Memory Recruitment Sequence, targeting INO1 to the nuclear periphery. Memory requires a remodeled form of the Set1/COMPASS methyltransferase lacking Spp1, which dimethylates histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me2). H3K4me2 recruits the SET3C complex, which plays an essential role in maintaining this mark. Finally, while active INO1 is associated with Cdk8(-) Mediator, during memory, Cdk8(+) Mediator recruits poised RNAPII PIC lacking the Kin28 CTD kinase. Aspects of this mechanism are generalizable to yeast and conserved in human cells. Thus, COMPASS and Mediator are repurposed to promote epigenetic transcriptional poising by a highly conserved mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina D'Urso
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Yoh-Hei Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Jessica Marone
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Robert Coukos
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | | | - Ji-Ping Wang
- Department of Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Jason H Brickner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
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Dale T, Clarke PA, Esdar C, Waalboer D, Adeniji-Popoola O, Ortiz-Ruiz MJ, Mallinger A, Samant RS, Czodrowski P, Musil D, Schwarz D, Schneider K, Stubbs M, Ewan K, Fraser E, TePoele R, Court W, Box G, Valenti M, de Haven Brandon A, Gowan S, Rohdich F, Raynaud F, Schneider R, Poeschke O, Blaukat A, Workman P, Schiemann K, Eccles SA, Wienke D, Blagg J. A selective chemical probe for exploring the role of CDK8 and CDK19 in human disease. Nat Chem Biol 2015; 11:973-980. [PMID: 26502155 PMCID: PMC4677459 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is unmet need for chemical tools to explore the role of the Mediator complex in human pathologies ranging from cancer to cardiovascular disease. Here we determine that CCT251545, a small-molecule inhibitor of the WNT pathway discovered through cell-based screening, is a potent and selective chemical probe for the human Mediator complex-associated protein kinases CDK8 and CDK19 with >100-fold selectivity over 291 other kinases. X-ray crystallography demonstrates a type 1 binding mode involving insertion of the CDK8 C terminus into the ligand binding site. In contrast to type II inhibitors of CDK8 and CDK19, CCT251545 displays potent cell-based activity. We show that CCT251545 and close analogs alter WNT pathway-regulated gene expression and other on-target effects of modulating CDK8 and CDK19, including expression of genes regulated by STAT1. Consistent with this, we find that phosphorylation of STAT1(SER727) is a biomarker of CDK8 kinase activity in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate in vivo activity of CCT251545 in WNT-dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Dale
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul A. Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | | | - Dennis Waalboer
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | | | - Maria-Jesus Ortiz-Ruiz
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | - Aurélie Mallinger
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | - Rahul S. Samant
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark Stubbs
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | - Ken Ewan
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Robert TePoele
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | - Will Court
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | - Gary Box
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | - Melanie Valenti
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | - Alexis de Haven Brandon
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | - Sharon Gowan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | | | - Florence Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | | | | | | | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | | | - Suzanne A. Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
| | - Dirk Wienke
- Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Julian Blagg
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP
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Aristizabal MJ, Negri GL, Kobor MS. The RNAPII-CTD Maintains Genome Integrity through Inhibition of Retrotransposon Gene Expression and Transposition. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005608. [PMID: 26496706 PMCID: PMC4619828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) contains a unique C-terminal domain that is composed of heptapeptide repeats and which plays important regulatory roles during gene expression. RNAPII is responsible for the transcription of most protein-coding genes, a subset of non-coding genes, and retrotransposons. Retrotransposon transcription is the first step in their multiplication cycle, given that the RNA intermediate is required for the synthesis of cDNA, the material that is ultimately incorporated into a new genomic location. Retrotransposition can have grave consequences to genome integrity, as integration events can change the gene expression landscape or lead to alteration or loss of genetic information. Given that RNAPII transcribes retrotransposons, we sought to investigate if the RNAPII-CTD played a role in the regulation of retrotransposon gene expression. Importantly, we found that the RNAPII-CTD functioned to maintaining genome integrity through inhibition of retrotransposon gene expression, as reducing CTD length significantly increased expression and transposition rates of Ty1 elements. Mechanistically, the increased Ty1 mRNA levels in the rpb1-CTD11 mutant were partly due to Cdk8-dependent alterations to the RNAPII-CTD phosphorylation status. In addition, Cdk8 alone contributed to Ty1 gene expression regulation by altering the occupancy of the gene-specific transcription factor Ste12. Loss of STE12 and TEC1 suppressed growth phenotypes of the RNAPII-CTD truncation mutant. Collectively, our results implicate Ste12 and Tec1 as general and important contributors to the Cdk8, RNAPII-CTD regulatory circuitry as it relates to the maintenance of genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Aristizabal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gian Luca Negri
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Xie XJ, Hsu FN, Gao X, Xu W, Ni JQ, Xing Y, Huang L, Hsiao HC, Zheng H, Wang C, Zheng Y, Xiaoli AM, Yang F, Bondos SE, Ji JY. CDK8-Cyclin C Mediates Nutritional Regulation of Developmental Transitions through the Ecdysone Receptor in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2015. [PMID: 26222308 PMCID: PMC4519132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The steroid hormone ecdysone and its receptor (EcR) play critical roles in orchestrating developmental transitions in arthropods. However, the mechanism by which EcR integrates nutritional and developmental cues to correctly activate transcription remains poorly understood. Here, we show that EcR-dependent transcription, and thus, developmental timing in Drosophila, is regulated by CDK8 and its regulatory partner Cyclin C (CycC), and the level of CDK8 is affected by nutrient availability. We observed that cdk8 and cycC mutants resemble EcR mutants and EcR-target genes are systematically down-regulated in both mutants. Indeed, the ability of the EcR-Ultraspiracle (USP) heterodimer to bind to polytene chromosomes and the promoters of EcR target genes is also diminished. Mass spectrometry analysis of proteins that co-immunoprecipitate with EcR and USP identified multiple Mediator subunits, including CDK8 and CycC. Consistently, CDK8-CycC interacts with EcR-USP in vivo; in particular, CDK8 and Med14 can directly interact with the AF1 domain of EcR. These results suggest that CDK8-CycC may serve as transcriptional cofactors for EcR-dependent transcription. During the larval–pupal transition, the levels of CDK8 protein positively correlate with EcR and USP levels, but inversely correlate with the activity of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), the master regulator of intracellular lipid homeostasis. Likewise, starvation of early third instar larvae precociously increases the levels of CDK8, EcR and USP, yet down-regulates SREBP activity. Conversely, refeeding the starved larvae strongly reduces CDK8 levels but increases SREBP activity. Importantly, these changes correlate with the timing for the larval–pupal transition. Taken together, these results suggest that CDK8-CycC links nutrient intake to developmental transitions (EcR activity) and fat metabolism (SREBP activity) during the larval–pupal transition. During the larval-pupal transition in Drosophila, CDK8-CycC helps to link nutrient intake to development by activating ecdysone receptor-dependent transcription and to fat metabolism by inhibiting SREBP-activated gene expression. Arthropods are estimated to account for over 80% of animal species on earth. Characterized by their rigid exoskeletons, juvenile arthropods must periodically shed their thick outer cuticles by molting in order to grow. The steroid hormone ecdysone plays an essential role in regulating the timing of developmental transitions, but exactly how ecdysone and its receptor EcR activates transcription correctly after integrating nutritional and developmental cues remains unknown. Our developmental genetic analyses of two Drosophila mutants, cdk8 and cycC, show that they are lethal during the prepupal stage, with aberrant accumulation of fat and a severely delayed larval–pupal transition. As we have reported previously, CDK8-CycC inhibits fat accumulation by directly inactivating SREBP, a master transcription factor that controls the expression of lipogenic genes, which explains the abnormal fat accumulation in the cdk8 and cycC mutants. We find that CDK8 and CycC are required for EcR to bind to its target genes, serving as transcriptional cofactors for EcR-dependent gene expression. The expression of EcR target genes is compromised in cdk8 and cycC mutants and underpins the retarded pupariation phenotype. Starvation of feeding larvae precociously up-regulates CDK8 and EcR, prematurely down-regulates SREBP activity, and leads to early pupariation, whereas re-feeding starved larvae has opposite effects. Taken together, these results suggest that CDK8 and CycC play important roles in coordinating nutrition intake with fat metabolism by directly inhibiting SREBP-dependent gene expression and regulating developmental timing by activating EcR-dependent transcription in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Xie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fu-Ning Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xinsheng Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Jian-Quan Ni
- Gene Regulatory Laboratory, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Liying Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Hao-Ching Hsiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tianjin Radiation and Molecular Nuclear Medicine; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yani Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alus M. Xiaoli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Fajun Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Bondos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jun-Yuan Ji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Zou JJ, Li XD, Ratnasekera D, Wang C, Liu WX, Song LF, Zhang WZ, Wu WH. Arabidopsis CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE8 and CATALASE3 Function in Abscisic Acid-Mediated Signaling and H2O2 Homeostasis in Stomatal Guard Cells under Drought Stress. Plant Cell 2015; 27:1445-60. [PMID: 25966761 PMCID: PMC4456645 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major threat to plant growth and crop productivity. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs, CPKs) are believed to play important roles in plant responses to drought stress. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana CPK8 functions in abscisic acid (ABA)- and Ca(2+)-mediated plant responses to drought stress. The cpk8 mutant was more sensitive to drought stress than wild-type plants, while the transgenic plants overexpressing CPK8 showed enhanced tolerance to drought stress compared with wild-type plants. ABA-, H2O2-, and Ca(2+)-induced stomatal closing were impaired in cpk8 mutants. Arabidopsis CATALASE3 (CAT3) was identified as a CPK8-interacting protein, confirmed by yeast two-hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. CPK8 can phosphorylate CAT3 at Ser-261 and regulate its activity. Both cpk8 and cat3 plants showed lower catalase activity and higher accumulation of H2O2 compared with wild-type plants. The cat3 mutant displayed a similar drought stress-sensitive phenotype as cpk8 mutant. Moreover, ABA and Ca(2+) inhibition of inward K(+) currents were diminished in guard cells of cpk8 and cat3 mutants. Together, these results demonstrated that CPK8 functions in ABA-mediated stomatal regulation in responses to drought stress through regulation of CAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Disna Ratnasekera
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lian-Fen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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