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Chaker D, Desterke C, Moniaux N, Bani MA, Oudrhiri N, Faivre J, Turhan AG, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Griscelli F. Direct Reprogramming of Hepatocytes Into JAK/Stat-Dependent LGR5+ Liver Cells Able to Initiate Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Stem Cells 2024; 42:301-316. [PMID: 38262709 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Somatic cells that have been partially reprogrammed by the factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc (OSKM) have been demonstrated to be potentially tumorigenic in vitro and in vivo due to the acquisition of cancer-associated genomic alterations and the absence of OSKM clearance over time. In the present study, we obtained partially reprogrammed, SSEA1-negative cells by transducing murine hepatocytes with Δ1Δ3-deleted adenoviruses that expressed the 4 OSKM factors. We observed that, under long-term 2D and 3D culture conditions, hepatocytes could be converted into LGR5-positive cells with self-renewal capacity that was dependent on 3 cross-signaling pathways: IL6/Jak/Stat3, LGR5/R-spondin, and Wnt/β-catenin. Following engraftment in syngeneic mice, LGR5-positive cells that expressed the cancer markers CD51, CD166, and CD73 were capable of forming invasive and metastatic tumors reminiscent of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC): they were positive for CK19 and CK7, featured associations of cord-like structures, and contained cuboidal and atypical cells with dissimilar degrees of pleomorphism and mitosis. The LGR5+-derived tumors exhibited a highly vascularized stroma with substantial fibrosis. In addition, we identified pro-angiogenic factors and signaling pathways involved in neo-angiogenesis and vascular development, which represent potential new targets for anti-angiogenic strategies to overcome tumor resistance to current ICC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Chaker
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1310, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMS 045 - CITHERA "Center for iPSC Cell Therapy," Genopole, National Infrastructure INGESTEM, Corbeil-Essonnes, Evry.France
| | - Christophe Desterke
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1310, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Nicolas Moniaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS1193, Villejuif, France
| | - Mohamed-Amine Bani
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicale, service de pathologie morphologique, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Centre, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm US23, CNRS, AMMICa, Villejuif, France
| | - Noufissa Oudrhiri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1310, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMS 045 - CITHERA "Center for iPSC Cell Therapy," Genopole, National Infrastructure INGESTEM, Corbeil-Essonnes, Evry.France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique Laboratoire d'Onco-Hematologie moleculaire et Cytogénetique APHP, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Sud Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Jamila Faivre
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS1193, Villejuif, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique Laboratoire d'Onco-Hematologie moleculaire et Cytogénetique APHP, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Sud Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Ali G Turhan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1310, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMS 045 - CITHERA "Center for iPSC Cell Therapy," Genopole, National Infrastructure INGESTEM, Corbeil-Essonnes, Evry.France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique Laboratoire d'Onco-Hematologie moleculaire et Cytogénetique APHP, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Sud Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Sud, (AP-HP) 94 Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1310, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMS 045 - CITHERA "Center for iPSC Cell Therapy," Genopole, National Infrastructure INGESTEM, Corbeil-Essonnes, Evry.France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique Laboratoire d'Onco-Hematologie moleculaire et Cytogénetique APHP, Hôpital Universitaire Paris Sud Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Frank Griscelli
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMRS 1310, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMS 045 - CITHERA "Center for iPSC Cell Therapy," Genopole, National Infrastructure INGESTEM, Corbeil-Essonnes, Evry.France
- Institut Gustave-Roussy, Département de Biologie et Pathologie Médicale, service de pathologie morphologique, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France
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Soleimani A, Saeedi N, Al-Asady AM, Nazari E, Hanaie R, Khazaei M, Ghorbani E, Akbarzade H, Ryzhikov M, Avan A, Mehr SMH. Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell Biomarkers: Biological Traits and Prognostic Insights. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:CPD-EPUB-139716. [PMID: 38623972 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128291321240329050945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to self-renewal, differentiation, and limitless proliferation properties, Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) increase the probability of tumor development. These cells are identified by using CSC markers, which are highly expressed proteins on the cell surface of CSCs. Recently, the therapeutic application of CSCs as novel biomarkers improved both the prognosis and diagnosis outcome of colorectal Cancer. In the present review, we focused on a specific panel of colorectal CSC markers, including LGR5, ALDH, CD166, CD133, and CD44, which offers a targeted and comprehensive analysis of their functions. The selection criteria for these markersCancer were based on their established significance in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) pathogenesis and clinical outcomes, providing novel insights into the CSC biology of CRC. Through this approach, we aim to elevate understanding and stimulate further research for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soleimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nikoo Saeedi
- Medical School, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Nazari
- Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhane Hanaie
- Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ghorbani
- Department of Microbiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbarzade
- Department of Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amir Avan
- Department of Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Liu P, Zhang R, Song X, Tian X, Guan Y, Li L, He M, He C, Ding N. RTCB deficiency triggers colitis in mice by influencing the NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:405-413. [PMID: 38425245 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA terminal phosphorylase B (RTCB) has been shown to play a significant role in multiple physiological processes. However, the specific role of RTCB in the mouse colon remains unclear. In this study, we employ a conditional knockout mouse model to investigate the effects of RTCB depletion on the colon and the potential molecular mechanisms. We assess the efficiency and phenotype of Rtcb knockout using PCR, western blot analysis, histological staining, and immunohistochemistry. Compared with the control mice, the Rtcb-knockout mice exhibit compromised colonic barrier integrity and prominent inflammatory cell infiltration. In the colonic tissues of Rtcb-knockout mice, the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and p-p65 are increased, whereas the levels of IKKβ and IκBα are decreased. Moreover, the level of GSK3β is increased, whereas the levels of Wnt3a, β-catenin, and LGR5 are decreased. Collectively, our findings unveil a close association between RTCB and colonic tissue homeostasis and demonstrate that RTCB deficiency can lead to dysregulation of both the NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in colonic cells.
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Cepero A, Jiménez-Carretero M, Jabalera Y, Gago L, Luque C, Cabeza L, Melguizo C, Jimenez-Lopez C, Prados J. LGR5 as a Therapeutic Target of Antibody-Functionalized Biomimetic Magnetoliposomes for Colon Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1843-1865. [PMID: 38414530 PMCID: PMC10898605 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s440881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The lack of specificity of conventional chemotherapy is one of the main difficulties to be solved in cancer therapy. Biomimetic magnetoliposomes are successful chemotherapy controlled-release systems, hyperthermia, and active targeting agents by functionalization of their surface with monoclonal antibodies. The membrane receptor Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) stands out as colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarker and appears to be related to treatment resistance and the development of metastasis. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of LGR5-targeted biomimetic magnetoliposomes loaded with oxaliplatin (OXA) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the selective treatment of CRC and their possible application in hyperthermia. Methods Synthesis, characterization and determination of heating capacity of magnetoliposomes transporting OXA or 5-FU (with and without LGR5 functionalization) were conducted. In vitro antitumoral activity was assayed in multiple colorectal cell lines at different times of exposition. In addition to this, cell internalization was studied by Prussian Blue staining, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. In vivo acute toxicity of magnetoliposomes was performed to evaluate iron-related toxicity. Results OXA and 5-FU loaded magnetoliposomes functionalized with LGR5 antibody showed higher cellular uptake than non-targeted nanoformulation with a reduction of the percentage of proliferation in colon cancer cell lines up to 3.2-fold of the IC50 value compared to that of free drug. The differences between non-targeted and targeted nanoformulations were more evident after short exposure times (4 and 8 hours). Interestingly, assays in the MC38 transduced cells with reduced LGR5 expression (MC38-L(-)), showed lower cell internalization of LGR5-targeted magnetoliposomes compared to non-transduced MC38 cell line. In addition, magnetoliposomes showed an in vitro favorable heating response under magnetic excitation and great iron-related biocompatibility data in vivo. Conclusion Drug-loaded magnetoliposomes functionalized with anti-LGR5 antibodies could be a promising CRC treatment strategy for LGR5+ targeted chemotherapy, magnetic hyperthermia, and both in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cepero
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, 18012, Spain
| | | | - Ylenia Jabalera
- Department of Microbiology, Sciences School, University of Granada, Granada, 18002, Spain
| | - Lidia Gago
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - Cristina Luque
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - Laura Cabeza
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - Consolación Melguizo
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, 18012, Spain
| | | | - José Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, 18012, Spain
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Li C, Yang X, Cheng Y, Wang J. LGR5, a prognostic stem cell target, promotes endometrial cancer proliferation through autophagy activation. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101853. [PMID: 38134843 PMCID: PMC10776661 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor in women worldwide. Although early EC has a good prognosis, advanced endometrial cancer is still associated with the risk of drug resistance and recurrence. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a category closely related to drug resistance and recurrence, are rarely studied at present. Here, we constructed a risk model containing ten stemness-related prognostic genes. Compared with patients in the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had a shorter overall survival time. The accuracy of this model was verified by ROC in the TCGA (AUC = 0.779) and Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH, AUC = 0.864) cohorts. The risk score and stage were independent risk factors in the multivariate regression analysis, which was subsequently used to construct the nomogram and verified in the TCGA cohort. LGR5 was significantly correlated with overall survival and involvement in the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, LGR5 was highly expressed in EC tissues and was related to age, stage, histological type, and menopause status in the TCGA database. Overexpression of LGR5 accelerated the proliferation rate of EC cells, which may be related to autophagy activation. Taken together, our study established a prognostic model based on transcription sequencing data from the TCGA database and verified it in the PKUPH cohort, which has prospective clinical implications for the prognostic evaluation of EC. We systematically studied the code gene LGR5 in EC, which may help clinicians make personalized prognostic assessments and effective clinical decisions for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China.
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Ghobakhloo S, Khoshhali M, Vatandoost N, Jafarpour S, Niazmand A, Nedaeinia R, Salehi R. Clinical Implications and Prognostic Value of Leucine-Rich G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 Expression as A Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cell J 2024; 26:1-12. [PMID: 38351725 PMCID: PMC10864775 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.2010157.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Leucine-rich G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various cancers. Based on different studies, conflicting reports exist on correlation between LGR5 expression and poor prognosis/ clinicopathological parameters in cancer patients. Therefore, our purpose in conducting this study was to investigate correlation between LGR5 expression and outcomes of cancer patients under study through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Relevant articles were searched and collected using EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases until December 21, 2022. This study was conducted to examine correlation between LGR5 expression and different clinical outcomes, such as recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and clinicopathological characteristics of the included cancer patients. To achieve this, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used as statistical measures. A meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0 software. Finally, 53 studies including 9523 patients met the inclusion criteria. Significantly, high-level expression of LGR5 was related to poor prognosis in terms of OS, higher tumor stage, presence of distant metastasis, and presence of lymph node metastasis. It was discovered through subgroup analysis that several factors, including the study area, evaluation method, and type of cancer, can influence the correlation between LGR5 expression and negative prognosis in cancer patients. According to the results of our study, LGR5 overexpression was related to poor OS in cancer patients. In addition, clinicopathological data indicated an unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients with high LGR5 expression. In conclusion, LGR5 may serve as a potential prognostic marker for predicting survival in certain cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Ghobakhloo
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Khoshhali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoost
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sima Jafarpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anoosha Niazmand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Erdem M, Lee KH, Hardt M, Regan JL, Kobelt D, Walther W, Mokrizkij M, Regenbrecht C, Stein U. MACC1 Regulates LGR5 to Promote Cancer Stem Cell Properties in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:604. [PMID: 38339354 PMCID: PMC10854991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The high mortality is directly associated with metastatic disease, which is thought to be initiated by colon cancer stem cells, according to the cancer stem cell (CSC) model. Consequently, early identification of those patients who are at high risk for metastasis is crucial for improved treatment and patient outcomes. Metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) is a novel prognostic biomarker for tumor progression and metastasis formation independent of tumor stage. We previously showed an involvement of MACC1 in cancer stemness in the mouse intestine of our MACC1 transgenic mouse models. However, the expression of MACC1 in human CSCs and possible implications remain elusive. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms by which MACC1 regulates stemness and the CSC-associated invasive phenotype based on patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs), patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and human CRC cell lines. We showed that CD44-enriched CSCs from PDO models express significantly higher levels of MACC1 and LGR5 and display higher tumorigenicity in immunocompromised mice. Similarly, RNA sequencing performed on PDO and PDX models demonstrated significantly increased MACC1 expression in ALDH1(+) CSCs, highlighting its involvement in cancer stemness. We further showed the correlation of MACC1 with the CSC markers CD44, NANOG and LGR5 in PDO models as well as established cell lines. Additionally, MACC1 increased stem cell gene expression, clonogenicity and sphere formation. Strikingly, we showed that MACC1 binds as a transcription factor to the LGR5 gene promoter, uncovering the long-known CSC marker LGR5 as a novel essential signaling mediator employed by MACC1 to induce CSC-like properties in human CRC patients. Our in vitro findings were further substantiated by a significant positive correlation of MACC1 with LGR5 in CRC cell lines as well as CRC patient tumors. Taken together, this study indicates that the metastasis inducer MACC1 acts as a cancer stem cell-associated marker. Interventional approaches targeting MACC1 would potentially improve further targeted therapies for colorectal cancer patients to eradicate CSCs and prevent cancer recurrence and distant metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Erdem
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors Research Group, 13125 Berlin, Germany (D.K.)
| | - Kyung Hwan Lee
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors Research Group, 13125 Berlin, Germany (D.K.)
| | - Markus Hardt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors Research Group, 13125 Berlin, Germany (D.K.)
| | - Joseph L. Regan
- Bayer AG, Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- JLR Life Sciences Ltd., A96 A8D5 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors Research Group, 13125 Berlin, Germany (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors Research Group, 13125 Berlin, Germany (D.K.)
| | - Margarita Mokrizkij
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors Research Group, 13125 Berlin, Germany (D.K.)
| | | | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Translational Oncology of Solid Tumors Research Group, 13125 Berlin, Germany (D.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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He S, Wang X, Duan C, Zhao W, Jiang C, Zhang S, Jian B, Yang W, Yu T, Fu L, Wang H, Ma X. Hepatoblastoma with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: Two case reports. Cancer Innov 2023; 2:532-536. [PMID: 38125764 PMCID: PMC10730001 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We report two children with hepatoblastoma (HB) with a history of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Case 1 was diagnosed with HB at 5 months of age. Liver enlargement was found during the NEC operation at 3 months of age and then was clinically diagnosed by imaging. After six chemotherapy courses, a partial hepatectomy was performed. Three months after ceasing the chemotherapy, a chest computed tomography scan suggested that distant metastasis of the tumor should be considered, and the lesion was removed. However, 9 months after the operation, alpha-fetoprotein concentrations were increased, and abdominal imaging showed a recurrence of the tumor in situ, resulting in a hepatectomy. Case 2 was diagnosed with NEC shortly after birth and underwent an intestinal resection and anastomosis 1 month later. He was diagnosed with HB at 3 years of age. Hepatectomy was performed after five courses of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was stopped after 10 courses, and alpha-fetoprotein concentrations were normal. At present, both children have survived and are in a healthy condition. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of HB and a history of NEC in children. Premature birth and low birth weight are common factors leading to the pathogenesis of HB and NEC. The association between these two diseases requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidou He
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Xisi Wang
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Chao Duan
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Wen Zhao
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Chiyi Jiang
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Binglin Jian
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
| | - Wei Yang
- Surgical Oncology Department, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Tong Yu
- Imaging Center Department, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Libing Fu
- Pathology Department, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Surgical Oncology Department, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Medical Oncology Department, Pediatric Oncology Center, Beijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, National Key Clinical Discipline of Pediatric Oncology, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in ChildrenMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
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9
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Mehdawi LM, Ghatak S, Chakraborty P, Sjölander A, Andersson T. LGR5 Expression Predicting Poor Prognosis Is Negatively Correlated with WNT5A in Colon Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2658. [PMID: 37998393 PMCID: PMC10670301 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT/β-catenin signaling is essential for colon cancer development and progression. WNT5A (ligand of non-canonical WNT signaling) and its mimicking peptide Foxy5 impair β-catenin signaling in colon cancer cells via unknown mechanisms. Therefore, we investigated whether and how WNT5A signaling affects two promoters of β-catenin signaling: the LGR5 receptor and its ligand RSPO3, as well as β-catenin activity and its target gene VEGFA. Protein and gene expression in colon cancer cohorts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Three colon cancer cell lines were used for in vitro and one cell line for in vivo experiments and results were analyzed by Western blotting, RT-PCR, clonogenic and sphere formation assays, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Expression of WNT5A (a tumor suppressor) negatively correlated with that of LGR5/RSPO3 (tumor promoters) in colon cancer cohorts. Experimentally, WNT5A signaling suppressed β-catenin activity, LGR5, RSPO3, and VEGFA expression, and colony and spheroid formations. Since β-catenin signaling promotes colon cancer stemness, we explored how WNT5A expression is related to that of the cancer stem cell marker DCLK1. DCLK1 expression was negatively correlated with WNT5A expression in colon cancer cohorts and was experimentally reduced by WNT5A signaling. Thus, WNT5A and Foxy5 decrease LGR5/RSPO3 expression and β-catenin activity. This inhibits stemness and VEGFA expression, suggesting novel treatment strategies for the drug candidate Foxy5 in the handling of colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tommy Andersson
- Cell and Experimental Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE 214 28 Malmö, Sweden; (S.G.); (P.C.); (A.S.)
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10
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Kong D, Mourtzinos A, Heegsma J, Blokzijl H, de Meijer VE, Faber KN. Growth differentiation factor 7 autocrine signaling promotes hepatic progenitor cell expansion in liver fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:288. [PMID: 37798809 PMCID: PMC10557292 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Liver fibrosis is prevalent among chronic diseases of the liver and represents a major health burden worldwide. Growth differentiation factor 7 (GDF7), a member of the TGFβ protein superfamily, has been recently investigated for its role in repair of injured organs, but its role in chronic liver diseases remains unclear. Here, we examined hepatic GDF7 expression and its association with development and progression of human liver fibrosis. Moreover, we determined the source and target cells of GDF7 in the human liver. METHODS GDF7 expression was analyzed in fibrotic and healthy human liver tissues by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. Cell-specific accumulation of GDF7 was examined by immunofluorescence through co-staining of cell type-specific markers on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human liver tissues. Public single cell RNA sequence databases were analyzed for cell type-specific expression of GDF7. In vitro, human liver organoids and LX-2 hepatic stellate cells (LX-2) were treated with recombinant human GDF7. Human liver organoids were co-cultured with activated LX-2 cells to induce an autocrine signaling circuit of GDF7 in liver organoids. RESULTS GDF7 protein levels were elevated in fibrotic liver tissue, mainly detected in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. In line, GDF7 mRNA was mainly detected in liver parenchymal cells. Expressions of BMPR1A and BMPR2, encoding GDF7 receptors, were readily detected in hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and stellate cells in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, recombinant GDF7 promoted liver organoid growth and enhanced expression of the progenitor cell markers (LGR5, AXIN2), but failed to activate LX-2 cells. Still, activated LX-2 cells induced GDF7 and LGR5 expression in co-cultured human liver organoids. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study reveals a role of GDF7 in liver fibrosis and suggests a potential pro-regenerative function that can be utilized for amelioration of hepatic fibrosis caused by chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Apostolos Mourtzinos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette Heegsma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent E de Meijer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Sun M, Tan Z, Lin K, Li X, Zhu J, Zhan L, Zheng H. Advanced Progression for the Heterogeneity and Homeostasis of Intestinal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2109-2119. [PMID: 37351833 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of the leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) is well established, however, the implications of ISC heterogeneity and homeostasis are poorly understood. Prior studies have provided important evidence for the association between heterogeneity of ISC pools with pathogenesis and therapeutic response of malignant disease. Leveraging the advantages of organoids and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), glandular development has been simulated and cell heterogeneity has been clarified. Based on this research, several potential ISCs were identified, such as LGR5 + p27 + quiescent ISCs, LGR5 + Mex3a + slowly proliferating stem cells, and CLU + reverse stem cells. We also illustrated major factors responsible for ISC homeostasis including metabolism-related (LKB1, TGR5, HMGCS2), inflammation-related (IFB-b, IFN2, TNF), and Wnt signaling-related (CREPT, Mex3a, MTG16) factors. ISCs play complex roles in intestinal tumorigenesis, chemoresistance and occasional relapse of colon cancer, which bear discussion. In this review, we focus on novel technical challenges in ISCs fate drawing upon recent research with the goals of clarifying our understanding of complex ISCs, elucidating the integrated intestinal crypt niche, and creating new opportunities for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqiong Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenya Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Keqiong Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jicheng Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Zhan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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12
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Orioli L, Canouil M, Sawadogo K, Ning L, Deldicque L, Lause P, de Barsy M, Froguel P, Loumaye A, Deswysen Y, Navez B, Bonnefond A, Thissen JP. Identification of myokines susceptible to improve glucose homeostasis after bariatric surgery. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:409-421. [PMID: 37638789 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVE The identification of myokines susceptible to improve glucose homeostasis following bariatric surgery could lead to new therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes. METHODS Changes in the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) test were assessed in patients before and 3 months after bariatric surgery. Changes in myokines expression and circulating levels were assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Myokines known to regulate glucose homeostasis were identified using literature (targeted study) and putative myokines using RNA-sequencing (untargeted study). A linear regression analysis adjusted for age and sex was used to search for associations between changes in the HOMA test and changes in myokines. RESULTS In the targeted study, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was upregulated (+30%, P = .006) while BDNF circulating levels were decreased (-12%, P = .001). Upregulated BDNF expression was associated with decreased HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (adjusted estimate [95% confidence interval {CI}]: -0.51 [-0.88 to -0.13], P = .010). Decreased BDNF serum levels were associated with decreased HOMA of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) (adjusted estimate [95% CI] = 0.002 [0.00002-0.0031], P = .046). In the untargeted study, upregulated putative myokines included XYLT1 (+64%, P < .001), LGR5 (+57, P< .001), and SPINK5 (+46%, P < .001). Upregulated LGR5 was associated with decreased HOMA-IR (adjusted estimate [95% CI] = -0.50 [-0.86 to -0.13], P = .009). Upregulated XYLT1 and SPINK5 were associated with increased HOMA of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-S) (respectively, adjusted estimate [95% CI] = 109.1 [28.5-189.8], P = .009 and 16.5 [0.87-32.19], P = .039). CONCLUSIONS Improved glucose homeostasis following bariatric surgery is associated with changes in myokines expression and circulating levels. In particular, upregulation of BDNF, XYLT1, SPINK5, and LGR5 is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. These results suggest that these myokines could contribute to improved glucose homeostasis following bariatric surgery. STUDY REGISTRATION NCT03341793 on ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orioli
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Kiswendsida Sawadogo
- Statistical Support Unit, King Albert II Cancer and Hematology Institute, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lijiao Ning
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of NeuroScience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pascale Lause
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie de Barsy
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Loumaye
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannick Deswysen
- Department of Oeso-gastro-duodenal and Bariatric Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Navez
- Department of Oeso-gastro-duodenal and Bariatric Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Ahmed EM, Farag AS, Abdelwahed MS, Hanbazazh M, Samman A, Ashmawy D, Abd-Elhameed NR, Tharwat M, Othman AE, Shawky TA, Attia RM, Ibrahim AA, Azzam S, Elhussiny MEA, Nasr M, Naeem SA, Abd-Elhay WM, Ali Alfaifi AM, Hasan A. The Expression of Stem Cell Marker LGR5 and Its Coexpression with Β-Catenin in Sporadic Colorectal Carcinoma and Adenoma: A Comparative Immunohistochemical Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1233. [PMID: 37512045 PMCID: PMC10383310 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background: LGR5 is one of the most important stem cell markers for colorectal cancer (CRC), as it potentiates Wnt/Β-catenin signaling. The well-characterized deregulation of Wnt/Β-catenin signaling that occurs during adenoma/carcinoma sequence in CRC renders LGR5 a hopeful therapeutic target. We assessed the immunohistochemical expression of LGR5 and Β-catenin in normal colonic and tumorous lesions with a clinicopathological correlation. Methods: Tissue blocks and clinical data of 50 selected cases were included: 8 from normal mucosa, 12 cases of adenoma, and 30 cases of CRC, where sections were cut and re-examined and the immunohistochemical technique was conducted using anti-LGR5 and anti-Β-catenin to measure the staining density. Results: There was no expression of LGR5 in normal mucosa compared to samples of adenoma and CRC samples. The association analysis showed that CRC specimens were more likely to have strong LGR5 and Β-catenin expressions than the other two groups (p = 0.048 and p < 0.001, respectively). Specimens with high-grade dysplastic adenoma were more likely to express moderate-to-strong expression of LGR5 and Β-catenin (p = 0.013 and p = 0.036, respectively). In contrast, there were no statistically significant associations between LGR5 and Β-catenin expression with grade and stage. Conclusion: These results suggest and support the possible role of LGR5 as a potential marker of cancer stem cells in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis in addition to a prognostic value for LGR5 and Β-catenin in adenomatous lesions according to immunohistochemical expression density. A potential therapeutic role of LGR5 in CRC is suggested for future studies based on its role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mohamed Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Abeer Said Farag
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Abdelwahed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehenaz Hanbazazh
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhadi Samman
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Ashmawy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Tharwat
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Alyaa E Othman
- Infectious Diseases Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41552, Egypt
| | - Taiseer Ahmed Shawky
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Radwa Mohamed Attia
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | | | - Sherif Azzam
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Nasr
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Suhaib Alsayed Naeem
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Wagih M Abd-Elhay
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | | | - Abdulkarim Hasan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Prince Mishari bin Saud Hospital, Ministry of Health, Albahah 22888, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Stark VA, Facey COB, Opdenaker LM, Fields JZ, Boman BM. Differential miRNA Expression Contributes to Emergence of Multiple Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulations in Human Colorectal Cancer. J Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 13:582. [PMID: 38545373 PMCID: PMC10972542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
One reason for lack of efficacy in cancer therapeutics is tumor heterogeneity. We hypothesize that tumor heterogeneity arises due to emergence of multiple Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) subpopulations because miRNAs regulate expression of stem cell genes in CSCs. Our goal was to determine if: i) multiple CSC subpopulations exist in a human CRC cell population, and ii) miRNAs are differentially expressed in the different CSC subpopulations. We discovered that at least four different CSC populations (ALDH1, CD166, LGR5, and LRIG1) exist in the HT29 cell line. CSC subpopulations were quantified using co-staining for multiple stem cell markers, isolated using FACS, and analyzed by NanoString miRNA profiling. The miRNA expression pattern in each CSC subpopulation was analyzed relative to miRNA expression patterns in other CSC subpopulations. Messenger RNAs predicted to be targeted by the up-regulated miRNAs in each CSC subpopulation were: 1) identified using bioinformatics analyses, and 2) classified according to their predicted functions using David functional annotation analyses. We found multiple CSC subpopulations with a unique miRNA signature in each CSC subpopulation. Notably, the miRNAs expressed within one CSC subpopulation are predicted to target and down-regulate the CSC genes and pathways that establish the other CSC subpopulations. Moreover, mRNAs predicted to be targeted by miRNAs in the different CSC subpopulations have different cellular functional classifications. That different CSC subpopulations express miRNAs that are predicted to target CSC genes expressed in other CSC subpopulations provides a mechanism that might explain the co-existence of multiple CSC subpopulations, tumor heterogeneity, and cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Stark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, USA
| | - Caroline O. B. Facey
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, USA
| | - Lynn M. Opdenaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, USA
| | | | - Bruce M. Boman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
- Cawley Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, USA
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15
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van Kerkhof P, Kralj T, Spanevello F, van Bloois L, Jordens I, van der Vaart J, Jamieson C, Merenda A, Mastrobattista E, Maurice MM. RSPO3 Furin domain-conjugated liposomes for selective drug delivery to LGR5-high cells. J Control Release 2023; 356:72-83. [PMID: 36813038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane receptor LGR5 potentiates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by binding both secreted R-spondin (RSPOs) and the Wnt tumor suppressors RNF43/ZNRF3, directing clearance of RNF43/ZNRF3 from the cell surface. Besides being widely used as a stem cell marker in various tissues, LGR5 is overexpressed in many types of malignancies, including colorectal cancer. Its expression characterizes a subpopulation of cancer cells that play a crucial role in tumor initiation, progression and cancer relapse, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). For this reason, ongoing efforts are aimed at eradicating LGR5-positive CSCs. Here, we engineered liposomes decorated with different RSPO proteins to specifically detect and target LGR5-positive cells. Using fluorescence-loaded liposomes, we show that conjugation of full-length RSPO1 to the liposomal surface mediates aspecific, LGR5-independent cellular uptake, largely mediated by heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding. By contrast, liposomes decorated only with the Furin (FuFu) domains of RSPO3 are taken up by cells in a highly specific, LGR5-dependent manner. Moreover, encapsulating doxorubicin in FuFuRSPO3 liposomes allowed us to selectively inhibit the growth of LGR5-high cells. Thus, FuFuRSPO3-coated liposomes allow for the selective detection and ablation of LGR5-high cells, providing a potential drug delivery system for LGR5-targeted anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Kerkhof
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tomica Kralj
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Spanevello
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Louis van Bloois
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Jordens
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelte van der Vaart
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cara Jamieson
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Merenda
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Madelon M Maurice
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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16
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King CM, Marx OM, Ding W, Koltun WA, Yochum GS. TCF7L1 Regulates LGR5 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:481. [PMID: 36833408 PMCID: PMC9956233 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway drive colorectal cancer (CRC), in part, by deregulating expression of genes controlled by the T-cell factor (TCF) family of transcription factors. TCFs contain a conserved DNA binding domain that mediates association with TCF binding elements (TBEs) within Wnt-responsive DNA elements (WREs). Intestinal stem cell marker, leucine-rich-repeat containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), is a Wnt target gene that has been implicated in CRC stem cell plasticity. However, the WREs at the LGR5 gene locus and how TCF factors directly regulate LGR5 gene expression in CRC have not been fully defined. Here, we report that TCF family member, TCF7L1, plays a significant role in regulating LGR5 expression in CRC cells. We demonstrate that TCF7L1 binds to a novel promoter-proximal WRE through association with a consensus TBE at the LGR5 locus to repress LGR5 expression. Using CRISPR activation and interference (CRISPRa/i) technologies to direct epigenetic modulation, we demonstrate that this WRE is a critical regulator of LGR5 expression and spheroid formation capacity of CRC cells. Furthermore, we found that restoring LGR5 expression rescues the TCF7L1-mediated reduction in spheroid formation efficiency. These results demonstrate a role for TCF7L1 in repressing LGR5 gene expression to govern the spheroid formation potential of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carli M. King
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
| | - Olivia M. Marx
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
| | - Walter A. Koltun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
| | - Gregory S. Yochum
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17036, USA
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17
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Stark VA, Facey COB, Opdenaker L, Fields JZ, Boman BM. Differential miRNA Expression Contributes to Emergence of Multiple Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulations in Human Colorectal Cancer. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.06.527341. [PMID: 36798319 PMCID: PMC9934564 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.06.527341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One reason for lack of efficacy in cancer therapeutics is tumor heterogeneity. We hypothesize that tumor heterogeneity arises due to emergence of multiple cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulations because miRNAs regulate expression of stem cell genes in CSCs. Our goal was to determine if: i) multiple CSC subpopulations exist in a human CRC cell population, and ii) miRNAs are differentially expressed in the different CSC subpopulations. We discovered that at least four different CSC populations (ALDH1, CD166, LGR5, LRIG1) exist in the HT29 cell line. CSC subpopulations were quantified using co-staining for multiple stem cell markers, isolated using FACS, and analyzed by NanoString miRNA profiling. The miRNA expression pattern in each CSC subpopulation was analyzed relative to miRNA expression patterns in other CSC subpopulations. Messenger RNAs predicted to be targeted by the upregulated miRNAs in each CSC subpopulation were: 1) identified using bioinformatics analyses, and 2) classified according to their predicted functions using David functional annotation analyses. We found multiple CSC subpopulations with a unique miRNA signature in each CSC subpopulation. Notably, the miRNAs expressed within one CSC subpopulation are predicted to target and downregulate the CSC genes and pathways that establish the other CSC subpopulations. Moreover, mRNAs predicted to be targeted by miRNAs in the different CSC subpopulations have different cellular functional classifications. That different CSC subpopulations express miRNAs that are predicted to target CSC genes expressed in other CSC subpopulations provides a mechanism that might explain the co-existence of multiple CSC subpopulations, tumor heterogeneity, and cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Stark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Caroline O. B. Facey
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Lynn Opdenaker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | | | - Bruce M. Boman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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18
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Clark-Corrigall J, Myssina S, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Ahmed S, Carr-Wilkinson J, Carr-Wilkinson J. Elevated Expression of LGR5 and WNT Signaling Factors in Neuroblastoma Cells With Acquired Drug Resistance. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:173-182. [PMID: 36318235 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2136682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric solid cancer with high fatality, relapses, and acquired resistance to chemotherapy, that requires new therapeutic approaches to improve survival. LGR5 is a receptor that potentiates WNT/signaling pathway and has been reported to promote development and survival in several adult cancers. In this study we investigated LGR5 expression in a panel of NB cell lines with acquired resistance to vincristine or doxorubicin. We show LGR5-LRP6 cooperation with enhanced expression in drug resistant NB cell lines compared to parental cells, suggesting a role for LGR5 in the emergence of drug resistance, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Clark-Corrigall
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Svetlana Myssina
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences and Industrial Biotechnology Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shafiq Ahmed
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Jane Carr-Wilkinson
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Jane Carr-Wilkinson
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom
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19
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Lin W, Wang M, Xu L, Tortorella M, Li G. Cartilage organoids for cartilage development and cartilage-associated disease modeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1125405. [PMID: 36824369 PMCID: PMC9941961 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1125405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage organoids have emerged as powerful modelling technology for recapitulation of joint embryonic events, and cartilage regeneration, as well as pathophysiology of cartilage-associated diseases. Recent breakthroughs have uncovered "mini-joint" models comprising of multicellular components and extracellular matrices of joint cartilage for development of novel disease-modifying strategies for personalized therapeutics of cartilage-associated diseases. Here, we hypothesized that LGR5-expressing embryonic joint chondroprogenitor cells are ideal stem cells for the generation of cartilage organoids as "mini-joints" ex vivo "in a dish" for embryonic joint development, cartilage repair, and cartilage-associated disease modelling as essential research models of drug screening for further personalized regenerative therapy. The pilot research data suggested that LGR5-GFP-expressing embryonic joint progenitor cells are promising for generation of cartilage organoids through gel embedding method, which may exert various preclinical and clinical applications for realization of personalized regenerative therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Lin
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weiping Lin, ; Liangliang Xu, ; Micky Tortorella, ; Gang Li,
| | - Min Wang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weiping Lin, ; Liangliang Xu, ; Micky Tortorella, ; Gang Li,
| | - Micky Tortorella
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Drug Discovery Pipeline at the Guangzhou Institutes for Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weiping Lin, ; Liangliang Xu, ; Micky Tortorella, ; Gang Li,
| | - Gang Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China,Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Weiping Lin, ; Liangliang Xu, ; Micky Tortorella, ; Gang Li,
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20
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Hanyu H, Sugimoto S, Sato T. Visualization of Differentiated Cells in 3D and 2D Intestinal Organoid Cultures. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2650:141-153. [PMID: 37310630 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3076-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium maintains self-renewal and differentiation capacities via coordination of key signaling pathways, including the Wnt, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and Notch signaling pathways. Based on this understanding, a combination of stem cell niche factors, EGF, Noggin, and the Wnt agonist R-spondin was shown to enable the growth of mouse intestinal stem cells and the formation of organoids with indefinite self-renewal and full differentiation capacity. Two small-molecule inhibitors, including a p38 inhibitor and a TGF-beta inhibitor, were added to propagate cultured human intestinal epithelium but at the cost of differentiation capacity. There have been improvements in culture conditions to overcome these issues. Substitution of the EGF and a p38 inhibitor with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) enabled multilineage differentiation. Monolayer culture with mechanical flow to the apical epithelium promoted the formation of villus-like structures with mature enterocyte gene expression. Here, we summarize our recent technological improvements in human intestinal organoid culture that will deepen the understanding of intestinal homeostasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Hanyu
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Niu Q, Li L, Zhang C, Qi C, He Q, Zhu Y. Expression of 5-HT Relates to Stem Cell Marker LGR5 in Patients with Gastritis and Gastric Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 68:1864-1872. [PMID: 36436157 PMCID: PMC10133054 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and stem cells marker G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) are associate with gastrointestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis. But the relationship between 5-HT and LGR5 is unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the expression and correlation of 5-HT and LGR5 in gastric mucosa of patients with gastritis and gastric cancer (GC). METHODS A total of 41 patients with GC and 98 patients with chronic gastritis were included in this study. The expression of TPH1 mRNA, LGR5 mRNA and β-catenin mRNA in gastric mucosa were explored by Real-time Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). 5-HT-positive cells and LGR5-positive cells in gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry stains. The co-localization of 5-HT and chromogranin A (CgA), 5-HT receptor4 (5-HTR4) and LGR5 were detected by multiplex immunofluorescence. RESULTS The expression of 5-HT and LGR5 in patients with GC was significantly higher than patients with chronic gastritis (p < 0.05). The positive rate of 5-HT and LGR5 increased sequentially in the patients with non-atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and GC, which were 18.52%, 35.56% and 75.61% for 5-HT, and 27.78%, 40.91% and 95.12% for LGR5, respectively. The expression of 5-HT and LGR5 was positively correlated in gastritis and GC patients (p < 0.05). Moreover, the expression level of TPH1 mRNA and LGR5 mRNA was also positively correlated in gastritis patients (r = 0.7377, p < 0.001). Besides, 5-HT was partially co-localized with CgA, and 5-HTR4 was co-localized with LGR5 in gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION The increase of 5-HT synthesis in gastric mucosa may have an impact on LGR5-positive gastric epithelial stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, 15 Yuquan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, 15 Yuquan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Caili Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhai Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, 15 Yuquan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiufeng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, 15 Yuquan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, 15 Yuquan Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100049, China.
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22
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Zhao R, He B, Bie Q, Cao J, Lu H, Zhang Z, Liang J, Wei L, Xiong H, Zhang B. AQP5 complements LGR5 to determine the fates of gastric cancer stem cells through regulating ULK1 ubiquitination. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:322. [PMID: 36372898 PMCID: PMC9661769 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are regarded as the "seed cells" for tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance. However, specific surface markers of CSCs of different origins have not been documented. METHODS Single-cell sequencing was used to analyze the highly expressed genes in cancer stem cells of gastric cancer patients, and it was verified that AQP5 was specifically highly expressed in gastric cancer stem cells (GC-CSCs) in vivo and in vitro. The effect of AQP5-promoting LGR5 on the malignant biological function of GC-CSCs was investigated. The mechanism by which AQP5 affects GC-CSCs was explored through transcriptome sequencing, proteomic detection, mass spectrometry, etc. RESULTS: We report the identification and validation of AQP5 as a potentially specific surface marker of GC-CSCs. AQP5 was significantly upregulated in CSCs isolated from gastric cancer patients and in spheroid cells, and AQP5 was coexpressed with the canonical stem marker LGR5. Biologically, AQP5 promoted the sphere formation, proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells in vitro and enhanced tumorigenesis in vivo. Furthermore, AQP5 coordinated with LGR5 and synergistically promoted the tumorigenesis of GC-CSCs. At the mechanistic level, AQP5 activated autophagy by inducing the LC3I/LC3II transformation in GC-CSCs, which was crucial for the biological functions of AQP5. Finally, we demonstrated that AQP5 recruited the E3 ligase TRIM21 to the key autophagy protein ULK1 and induced the K63-mediated ubiquitination of ULK1. CONCLUSIONS We elucidate a novel surface marker, AQP5, which is specifically expressed by GC-CSCs. Furthermore, our study creates a link between AQP5 and LGR5 and highlights the necessity of targeting both surface markers simultaneously as a promising approach for the treatment of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Zhao
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoyu He
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingli Bie
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghe Cao
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoran Lu
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liang
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wei
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China ,grid.449428.70000 0004 1797 7280Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong People’s Republic of China
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23
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Razavi-Amoli SK, Omrani-Nava V, Heydari K, Kaidarova D, Alizadeh-Navaei R. LGR5 as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 18:690-698. [PMID: 36239721 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666221014144642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is the world's most common malignancy. Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, the associated mortality rate is still high. Tumor initiating cells known as cancer stem cells with unique abilities are suspected responsible for therapy failure and poor prognosis. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a cancer stem cell marker which promotes aggressive features in breast cancer cells. So, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate LGR5 as a therapeutic target for breast cancer. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using databases of Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. We searched these databases with LGR5 and Breast Cancer and related keywords based on mesh database until Oct12, 2021. All studies that reported the rate of LGR5 high expression with Immunohistochemistry in breast cancer patients were included in this review. We used the STATA and random effect model for data analysis. RESULTS Finally, 7 studies including 2632 breast cancer samples were studied. The pooled prevalence of LGR5 high expression in breast cancer was 36 % (CI95%: 26-47.5%, I2= 95.5) and in triple negative was 48.6% (CI95%: 38.4-58.7%, I2= 0.0). CONCLUSION Our findings show that the rate of LGR5 high expression in breast cancer in general and especially in triple negative was considerable and it seems that this is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh-Kiana Razavi-Amoli
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Versa Omrani-Nava
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Keyvan Heydari
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Dilyara Kaidarova
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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24
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Yang X, Sun C, Meng X, Chen G, Fan T, Zhang C, Chen Z. LGR5 regulates osteogenic differentiation of human thoracic ligamentum flavum cells by Wnt signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3862-3872. [PMID: 35668632 PMCID: PMC9279595 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) is ectopic ossification of the spinal ligaments. Histologically, the development of TOLF can be described as the process of endochondral ossification. However, the underlying aetiology has not been completely clarified. In this investigation, the gene expression profile associated with leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G‐protein‐coupled receptors (LGR) and Wnt signalling pathway in the thoracic ligamentum flavum cells (TLFCs) of different ossification stages was analysed via RNA sequencing. We further confirmed the significant differences in the related gene expression profile by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. LGR5 was first identified in primary human TLFCs during osteogenic differentiation. To evaluate the effect of LGR5 on osteogenic differentiation, LGR5 has been knocked down and overexpressed in human TLFCs. We observed that the knockdown of LGR5 inhibited the activity of Wnt signalling and attenuated the potential osteogenic differentiation of TLFCs, while overexpression of LGR5 activated the Wnt signalling pathway and increased osteogenic differentiation. Our results provide important evidence for the potent positive mediatory effects of LGR5 on osteogenesis by enhancing the Wnt signalling pathway in TOLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuiguo Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianqi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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25
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Tobe Y, Uehara T, Nakajima T, Iwaya M, Kobayashi Y, Kinugawa Y, Kuraishi Y, Ota H. LGR5-Expressing Cells in the Healing Process of Post-ESD Ulcers in Gastric Corpus. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:2134-2142. [PMID: 34081250 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LGR5 is a promising stem cell marker in gastric pylorus, but there are few reports on its expression in human gastric corpus. AIMS To investigate the involvement of LGR5 expression in gastric corpus ulcer regeneration in humans. METHODS LGR5 expression was analyzed in five post-ESD ulcers during the healing process of regenerating epithelial cells of the gastric corpus. LGR5 expression was detected by mRNA in situ hybridization using an RNA scope kit. Immunohistochemistry of MUC6, HIK1083, and pepsinogen 1 (PG1) was performed to identify cell differentiation. RESULTS We defined MUC6+/HIK1083-/PG1-, MUC6+/HIK1083+/PG1-, MUC6+/HIK1083+/PG1+, MUC6+/HIK1083-/PG1+, and MUC6-/HIK1083-/PG1+cells as pseudopyloric mucosa (PPM) phase 1 (PPM1), PPM phase 2 (PPM2), PPM phase 3 (PPM3), immature chief cells (ICC), and mature chief cells (MCC) in order from the ulcer center, respectively. In the regenerated mucosa around post-ESD ulcers, LGR5 expression was observed throughout the gland in PPM1-PPM3, but it was limited to the bottom of the gland in ICC and MCC. Furthermore, LGR5 expression was not identified in the normal gastric corpus. The H-score of PPM2 was significantly higher than that of PPM3 (P = 0.0313). The H-score of PPM3 was significantly higher than that of ICC (P = 0.0313). The LGR5 H-score was higher at the immature stage, which decreased gradually with progression of the differentiation stage. CONCLUSIONS LGR5 expression appears to contribute to mucosal regeneration in the human gastric corpus. The application of LGR5 expression analysis to mucosal regeneration and fundic gland-type gastric tumors is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tobe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mai Iwaya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kinugawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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26
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Cao HZ, Yang WT, Zheng PS. Cytotoxic effect of disulfiram/copper on human cervical cancer cell lines and LGR5-positive cancer stem-like cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:521. [PMID: 35534815 PMCID: PMC9082913 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor resistance is a global challenge for tumor treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main population of tumor cells for drug resistance. We have reported that high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity represents a functional marker for cervical CSCs. Here, we aimed at disulfiram (DSF), an ALDH inhibitor, that has the potential to be used for cervical cancer treatment. METHODS MTT assay, western blot, vector construction and transfection, cell sorting and in vivo anti-tumor assays were performed using cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and HeLa. Cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were carried out by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity of DSF was detected by MTT assay and cervical cancer xenograft models. RESULTS DSF was cytotoxic to cervical cancer cell lines in a copper (Cu)-dependent manner. Disulfiram/copper (DSF/Cu) complex induced deregulation of S-phase and inhibited the expression of stemness markers in cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, DSF/Cu could also reduce the cancer stem cell-like LGR5+ cells which lead to cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer cells. DSF/Cu complex had the greater antitumor efficacy on cervical cancer than cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the cytotoxicity of DSF/Cu complex may be superior to cisplatin because of targeting LGR5-positive cervical cancer stem-like cells in cervical cancer. Thus, the DSF/Cu complex may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhe Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wen-Ting Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, 76 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China. .,Division of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical School, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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27
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Gur C, Wang SY, Sheban F, Zada M, Li B, Kharouf F, Peleg H, Aamar S, Yalin A, Kirschenbaum D, Braun-Moscovici Y, Jaitin DA, Meir-Salame T, Hagai E, Kragesteen BK, Avni B, Grisariu S, Bornstein C, Shlomi-Loubaton S, David E, Shreberk-Hassidim R, Molho-Pessach V, Amar D, Tzur T, Kuint R, Gross M, Barboy O, Moshe A, Fellus-Alyagor L, Hirsch D, Addadi Y, Erenfeld S, Biton M, Tzemach T, Elazary A, Naparstek Y, Tzemach R, Weiner A, Giladi A, Balbir-Gurman A, Amit I. LGR5 expressing skin fibroblasts define a major cellular hub perturbed in scleroderma. Cell 2022; 185:1373-1388.e20. [PMID: 35381199 PMCID: PMC7612792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is an incurable autoimmune disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. Here, we conducted a population-scale single-cell genomic analysis of skin and blood samples of 56 healthy controls and 97 SSc patients at different stages of the disease. We found immune compartment dysfunction only in a specific subtype of diffuse SSc patients but global dysregulation of the stromal compartment, particularly in a previously undefined subset of LGR5+-scleroderma-associated fibroblasts (ScAFs). ScAFs are perturbed morphologically and molecularly in SSc patients. Single-cell multiome profiling of stromal cells revealed ScAF-specific markers, pathways, regulatory elements, and transcription factors underlining disease development. Systematic analysis of these molecular features with clinical metadata associates specific ScAF targets with disease pathogenesis and SSc clinical traits. Our high-resolution atlas of the sclerodermatous skin spectrum will enable a paradigm shift in the understanding of SSc disease and facilitate the development of biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamutal Gur
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel; Rheumatology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shuang-Yin Wang
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Fadi Sheban
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mor Zada
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Baoguo Li
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Fadi Kharouf
- Rheumatology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Peleg
- Rheumatology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Suhail Aamar
- Rheumatology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adam Yalin
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Yolanda Braun-Moscovici
- Rheumatology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Tomer Meir-Salame
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Hagai
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Batia Avni
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sigal Grisariu
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Eyal David
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rony Shreberk-Hassidim
- Dermatology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vered Molho-Pessach
- Dermatology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dalit Amar
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Tzur
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rottem Kuint
- Institue of Pulmonology Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moshe Gross
- Orthopedic Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Barboy
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Moshe
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Dana Hirsch
- The Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shlomit Erenfeld
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moshe Biton
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tehila Tzemach
- Rheumatology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anat Elazary
- Rheumatology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaakov Naparstek
- Rheumatology Department, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Reut Tzemach
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel; Rheumatology Institute at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Assaf Weiner
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexandra Balbir-Gurman
- Rheumatology Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israeli Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel.
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28
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Kanke M, Kennedy Ng MM, Connelly S, Singh M, Schaner M, Shanahan MT, Wolber EA, Beasley C, Lian G, Jain A, Long MD, Barnes EL, Herfarth HH, Isaacs KL, Hansen JJ, Kapadia M, Guillem JG, Feschotte C, Furey TS, Sheikh SZ, Sethupathy P. Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Unexpected Cellular Changes and Transposon Expression Signatures in the Colonic Epithelium of Treatment-Naïve Adult Crohn's Disease Patients. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1717-1740. [PMID: 35158099 PMCID: PMC9046244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal barrier comprises a monolayer of specialized intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that are critical in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. Dysfunction within various IEC fractions can alter intestinal permeability in a genetically susceptible host, resulting in a chronic and debilitating condition known as Crohn's disease (CD). Defining the molecular changes in each IEC type in CD will contribute to an improved understanding of the pathogenic processes and the identification of cell type-specific therapeutic targets. We performed, at single-cell resolution, a direct comparison of the colonic epithelial cellular and molecular landscape between treatment-naïve adult CD and non-inflammatory bowel disease control patients. METHODS Colonic epithelial-enriched, single-cell sequencing from treatment-naïve adult CD and non-inflammatory bowel disease patients was investigated to identify disease-induced differences in IEC types. RESULTS Our analysis showed that in CD patients there is a significant skew in the colonic epithelial cellular distribution away from canonical LGR5+ stem cells, located at the crypt bottom, and toward one specific subtype of mature colonocytes, located at the crypt top. Further analysis showed unique changes to gene expression programs in every major cell type, including a previously undescribed suppression in CD of most enteroendocrine driver genes as well as L-cell markers including GCG. We also dissect an incompletely understood SPIB+ cell cluster, revealing at least 4 subclusters that likely represent different stages of a maturational trajectory. One of these SPIB+ subclusters expresses crypt-top colonocyte markers and is up-regulated significantly in CD, whereas another subcluster strongly expresses and stains positive for lysozyme (albeit no other canonical Paneth cell marker), which surprisingly is greatly reduced in expression in CD. In addition, we also discovered transposable element markers of colonic epithelial cell types as well as transposable element families that are altered significantly in CD in a cell type-specific manner. Finally, through integration with data from genome-wide association studies, we show that genes implicated in CD risk show heretofore unknown cell type-specific patterns of aberrant expression in CD, providing unprecedented insight into the potential biological functions of these genes. CONCLUSIONS Single-cell analysis shows a number of unexpected cellular and molecular features, including transposable element expression signatures, in the colonic epithelium of treatment-naïve adult CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Kanke
- Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Meaghan M Kennedy Ng
- Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sean Connelly
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Matthew Schaner
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Elizabeth A Wolber
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Caroline Beasley
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Grace Lian
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Animesh Jain
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Millie D Long
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Edward L Barnes
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hans H Herfarth
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kim L Isaacs
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jonathon J Hansen
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Muneera Kapadia
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jose Gaston Guillem
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cedric Feschotte
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Terrence S Furey
- Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Shehzad Z Sheikh
- Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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29
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Lu C, Lin X, Yamashita J, Xi R, Zhou M, Zhang YV, Wang H, Margolskee RF, Koo BK, Clevers H, Matsumoto I, Jiang P. RNF43/ZNRF3 negatively regulates taste tissue homeostasis and positively regulates dorsal lingual epithelial tissue homeostasis. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:369-383. [PMID: 34995498 PMCID: PMC8828551 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste bud cells are renewed throughout life in a process requiring innervation. Recently, we reported that R-spondin substitutes for neuronal input for taste cell regeneration. R-spondin amplifies WNT signaling by interacting with stem-cell-expressed E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF43/ZNRF3 (negative regulators of WNT signaling) and G-protein-coupled receptors LGR4/5/6 (positive regulators of WNT signaling). Therefore, we hypothesized that RNF43/ZNRF3 may serve as a brake, controlled by gustatory neuron-produced R-spondin, for regulating taste tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that mice deficient for Rnf43/Znrf3 in KRT5-expressing epithelial stem/progenitor cells (RZ dKO) exhibited taste cell hyperplasia; in stark contrast, epithelial tissue on the tongue degenerated. WNT signaling blockade substantially reversed all these effects in RZ dKO mice. Furthermore, innervation becomes dispensable for taste cell renewal in RZ dKO mice. We thus demonstrate important but distinct functions of RNF43/ZNRF3 in regulating taste versus lingual epithelial tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyi Lu
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoli Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Ranhui Xi
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Minliang Zhou
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yali V Zhang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, and University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peihua Jiang
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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30
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Abstract
A definite identification of epidermal stem cells is not known and the mechanism of epidermal differentiation is not fully understood. Toward both of these quests, considerable information is available from the research on lineage tracing and clonal growth analysis in the basal layer of the epidermis, on the hair follicle and the interfollicular epidermal stem cells, and on Wnt signaling along with its role in the developmental patterning and cell differentiation. In this paper, literature on the aforementioned research has been collated and analyzed. In addition, models of the basal layer cellular composition and the epidermal differentiation have been presented. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India.
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31
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AbdelMageed M, Ismail HTH, Olsson L, Lindmark G, Hammarström ML, Hammarström S, Sitohy B. Clinical Significance of Stem Cell Biomarkers EpCAM, LGR5 and LGR4 mRNA Levels in Lymph Nodes of Colon Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:403. [PMID: 35008827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in initiation and progression of colon cancer (CC) has been established. In this study, we investigated the utility of measuring mRNA expression levels of CSC markers EpCAM, LGR5 and LGR4 for predicting survival outcome in surgically treated CC patients. Expression levels were determined in 5 CC cell lines, 66 primary CC tumors and 382 regional lymph nodes of 121 CC patients. Prognostic relevance was determined using Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses. CC patients with lymph nodes expressing high levels of EpCAM, LGR5 or LGR4 (higher than a clinical cutoff of 0.07, 0.06 and 2.558 mRNA copies/18S rRNA unit, respectively) had a decreased mean survival time of 32 months for EpCAM and 42 months for both LGR5 and LGR4 at a 12-year follow-up (p = 0.022, p = 0.005 and p = 0.011, respectively). Additional patients at risk for recurrence were detected when LGR5 was combined with the biomarkers CXCL17 or CEA plus CXCL16. In conclusion, the study underscores LGR5 as a particularly useful prognostic biomarker and illustrates the strength of combining biomarkers detecting different subpopulations of cancer cells and/or cells in the tumor microenvironment for predicting recurrence.
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32
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Boby N, Cao X, Ransom A, Pace BT, Mabee C, Shroyer MN, Das A, Didier PJ, Srivastav SK, Porter E, Sha Q, Pahar B. Identification, Characterization, and Transcriptional Reprogramming of Epithelial Stem Cells and Intestinal Enteroids in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2021; 12:769990. [PMID: 34887863 PMCID: PMC8650114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell injury and impaired epithelial regeneration are considered key features in HIV pathogenesis and contribute to HIV-induced generalized immune activation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the disrupted epithelial regeneration might provide an alternative approach for the treatment of HIV-mediated enteropathy and immune activation. We have observed a significant increased presence of α defensin5+ (HD5) Paneth cells and proliferating Ki67+ epithelial cells as well as decreased expression of E-cadherin expression in epithelial cells during SIV infection. SIV infection did not significantly influence the frequency of LGR5+ stem cells, but the frequency of HD5+ cells was significantly higher compared to uninfected controls in jejunum. Our global transcriptomics analysis of enteroids provided novel information about highly significant changes in several important pathways like metabolic, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, where the majority of the differentially expressed genes were downregulated in enteroids grown from chronically SIV-infected macaques compared to the SIV-uninfected controls. Despite the lack of significant reduction in LGR5+ stem cell population, the dysregulation of several intestinal stem cell niche factors including Notch, mTOR, AMPK and Wnt pathways as well as persistence of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and loss of epithelial barrier function in enteroids further supports that SIV infection impacts on epithelial cell proliferation and intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongthombam Boby
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Xuewei Cao
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Alyssa Ransom
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Barcley T Pace
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Christopher Mabee
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Monica N Shroyer
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Arpita Das
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Peter J Didier
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Sudesh K Srivastav
- Department of Biostatistics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Edith Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Qiuying Sha
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Bapi Pahar
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Kwak MH, Yang SM, Yun SK, Kim S, Choi MG, Park JM. Identification and validation of LGR5-binding peptide for molecular imaging of gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 580:93-99. [PMID: 34628260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a stem cell marker in gastric cancer. In this study, we aimed to produce the LGR5-targeting peptide probe for the use of molecular imaging for gastric cancer. We used phage display libraries to produce a LGR5-specific peptide probe. This peptide was validated for targeting gastric cancer with in vitro and in vivo studies. This peptide was tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5). We used two normal and three gastric cancer cell lines. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis were used to validate the target specificity of the peptide. After three rounds of bio-panning, we found a novel 7-mer peptides, IPQILSI (IPQ∗). FITC-conjugated IPQ∗ showed 2 to 10 times higher fluorescence in gastric cancer cells vs. control cells in ICC. This discrimination was consistently observed using Cy5.5-conjugated IPQ∗ in ICC. FACS analysis showed right shift of peak point in gastric cancers compared to the control cells. In the peritoneal metastasis animal model, we could find Cy5.5-conjugated IPQ∗ accumulated specifically to gastric tumors. In conclusion, IPQ∗ peptide showed a specific probe for gastric cancer diagnosis. This probe can be applied to theragnosis for gastric cancer diagnosis including peritoneal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hwa Kwak
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medical Life Sciences, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Mok Yang
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seul Ki Yun
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Medical Life Sciences, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Myung Park
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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34
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Di DS, Li C, Dai Y, Wei MH, Wang SS, Song WJ, Zhou HL, Cui Y, Zhang RY, Huang Q, Wang Q. Integrative Analysis of LGR5/6 Gene Variants, Gut Microbiota Composition and Osteoporosis Risk in Elderly Population. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:765008. [PMID: 34795657 PMCID: PMC8593465 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.765008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between the common variants of R-spondin/Wnt signaling genes, gut microbiota composition, and osteoporosis (OP) risk in elderly Chinese Han population. Design: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to obtain the OP-associated measurements at multiple skeleton sites among all 1,168 participants. Genotyping data was obtained by using the next-generation sequencing in the discovery stage (n = 400, 228 OP patients) and SNPscan technology in the replication stage (n = 768, 356 OP patients). Bioinformatic analysis was performed to provide more evidence for the genotype-OP associations. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology was adopted to explore OP-associated gut microbiota variations. Results: The genetic variants of rs10920362 in the LGR6 gene (P-FDR = 1.19 × 10–6) and rs11178860 in the LGR5 gene (P-FDR = 1.51 × 10–4) were found to associate with OP risk significantly. Several microbial taxa were associated with the BMDs and T-scores at multiple skeleton sites. The associations between rs10920362 and BMD-associated microbiota maintained significance after adjusting confounders. The rs10920362 CT/TT genotype associated with a decreased relative abundance of Actinobacteria (β = −1.32, P < 0.001), Bifidobacteriaceae (β = −1.70, P < 0.001), and Bifidobacterium (β = −1.70, P < 0.001) compared to the CC genotype. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the variants loci of LGR6 may be associate with OP pathogenesis via gut microbiota modifications. The relationship between host genetics and gut microbiome provides new perspectives about OP prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Di
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mu-Hong Wei
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Song
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao-Long Zhou
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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35
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Zong L, Sun Y. OSR1 suppresses acute myeloid leukaemia cell proliferation by inhibiting LGR5-mediated JNK signalling. Autoimmunity 2021; 54:561-568. [PMID: 34519588 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2021.1975274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Odd-skipped related transcription factor 1 (OSR1) is implicated in various pathophysiologic processes, such as embryonic heart and urogenital formation, and functions as a tumour suppressor in diverse tumours. Regardless, the regulatory role and mechanism of OSR1 in acute myeloid leukaemia are scarce. Firstly, the CD34-positive blasts or the normal blasts were isolated from the plasma samples of acute myeloid leukaemia patients or healthy donors, respectively. Expression of OSR1 analysis by western blot and qRT-PCR showed that OSR1 was reduced in CD34-positive blasts and acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines. Secondly, acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines were transfected with pcDNA vector or shRNA for the over-expression or silence of OSR1, respectively. Functional assays demonstrated that ectopic expression of OSR1 decreased cell viability and repressed the proliferation of acute myeloid leukaemia cells, while promoted the cell apoptosis. Silence of OSR1 contributed to the proliferation of acute myeloid leukaemia cells and suppressed the cell apoptosis. Thirdly, over-expression of OSR1 decreased protein expression of leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) and JNK phosphorylation in the acute myeloid leukaemia cells. Ectopic expression of LGR5 attenuated OSR1 over-expression-induced decrease of LGR5 and JNK phosphorylation. Lastly, ectopic expression of LGR5 attenuated OSR1 over-expression-induced decrease of cell viability and proliferation in acute myeloid leukaemia cells. In conclusion, OSR1 functioned as a tumour suppressor in acute myeloid leukaemia cells by inhibiting LGR5-mediated activation of JNK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingxin Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Bittenglova K, Habart D, Saudek F, Koblas T. The Potential of Pancreatic Organoids for Diabetes Research and Therapy. Islets 2021; 13:85-105. [PMID: 34523383 PMCID: PMC8528407 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2021.1941555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of clinical transplantation of pancreas or isolated pancreatic islets supports the concept of cell-based cure for diabetes. One limitation is the shortage of cadaver human pancreata. The demand-supply gap could potentially be bridged by harnessing the self-renewal capacity of stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells and adult pancreatic stem cells have been explored as possible cell sources. Recently, a system for long-term culture of proposed adult pancreatic stem cells in a form of organoids was developed. Generated organoids partially mimic the architecture and cell-type composition of pancreatic tissue. Here, we review the attempts over the past decade, to utilize the organoid cell culture principles in order to identify, expand, and differentiate the adult pancreatic stem cells from different compartments of mouse and human pancreata. The development of the culture conditions, effects of specific growth factors and small molecules is discussed. The potential utility of the adult pancreatic stem cells is considered in the context of other cell sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Bittenglova
- Department of Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Habart
- Department of Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Saudek
- Department of Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Koblas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Sun T, Annunziato S, Bergling S, Sheng C, Orsini V, Forcella P, Pikiolek M, Kancherla V, Holwerda S, Imanci D, Wu F, Meylan LC, Puehringer LF, Waldt A, Oertli M, Schuierer S, Terracciano LM, Reinker S, Ruffner H, Bouwmeester T, Sailer AW, George E, Roma G, de Weck A, Piscuoglio S, Lohmann F, Naumann U, Liberali P, Cong F, Tchorz JS. ZNRF3 and RNF43 cooperate to safeguard metabolic liver zonation and hepatocyte proliferation. Cell Stem Cell 2021:S1934-5909(21)00250-2. [PMID: 34129813 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AXIN2 and LGR5 mark intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that require WNT/β-Catenin signaling for constant homeostatic proliferation. In contrast, AXIN2/LGR5+ pericentral hepatocytes show low proliferation rates despite a WNT/β-Catenin activity gradient required for metabolic liver zonation. The mechanisms restricting proliferation in AXIN2+ hepatocytes and metabolic gene expression in AXIN2+ ISCs remained elusive. We now show that restricted chromatin accessibility in ISCs prevents the expression of β-Catenin-regulated metabolic enzymes, whereas fine-tuning of WNT/β-Catenin activity by ZNRF3 and RNF43 restricts proliferation in chromatin-permissive AXIN2+ hepatocytes, while preserving metabolic function. ZNRF3 deletion promotes hepatocyte proliferation, which in turn becomes limited by RNF43 upregulation. Concomitant deletion of RNF43 in ZNRF3 mutant mice results in metabolic reprogramming of periportal hepatocytes and induces clonal expansion in a subset of hepatocytes, ultimately promoting liver tumors. Together, ZNRF3 and RNF43 cooperate to safeguard liver homeostasis by spatially and temporally restricting WNT/β-Catenin activity, balancing metabolic function and hepatocyte proliferation.
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Abdul-Aziz D, Hathiramani N, Phung L, Sykopetrites V, Edge ASB. HIC1 Represses Atoh1 Transcription and Hair Cell Differentiation in the Cochlea. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:797-809. [PMID: 33770497 PMCID: PMC8072069 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Across species, expression of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor ATOH1 promotes differentiation of cochlear supporting cells to sensory hair cells required for hearing. In mammals, this process is limited to development, whereas nonmammalian vertebrates can also regenerate hair cells after injury. The mechanistic basis for this difference is not fully understood. Hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1) is a transcriptional repressor known to inhibit Atoh1 in the cerebellum. We therefore investigated its potential role in cochlear hair cell differentiation. We find that Hic1 is expressed throughout the postnatal murine cochlear sensory epithelium. In cochlear organoids, Hic1 knockdown induces Atoh1 expression and promotes hair cell differentiation, while Hic1 overexpression hinders differentiation. Wild-type HIC1, but not the DNA-binding mutant C521S, suppresses activity of the Atoh1 autoregulatory enhancer and blocks its responsiveness to β-catenin activation. Our findings reveal the importance of HIC1 repression of Atoh1 in the cochlea, which may be targeted to promote hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Phung
- Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vittoria Sykopetrites
- Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Albert S B Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Taste buds are the sensory end organs for gustation, mediating sensations of salty, sour, bitter, sweet and umami as well as other possible modalities, e.g. fat and kokumi. Understanding of the structure and function of these sensory organs has increased greatly in the last decades with advances in ultrastructural methods, molecular genetics, and in vitro models. This review will focus on the cellular constituents of taste buds, and molecular regulation of taste bud cell renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Finger
- Dept. Cell & Developmental Biology, Univ. Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, MS 8108, Room L18-11118, RC-1, 12801 E. 17th Ave., Aurora CO 80045
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Dept. Cell & Developmental Biology, Univ. Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, MS 8108, Room L18-11118, RC-1, 12801 E. 17th Ave., Aurora CO 80045
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Mao X, Zhang X, Zheng X, Chen Y, Xuan Z, Huang P. Curcumin suppresses LGR5(+) colorectal cancer stem cells by inducing autophagy and via repressing TFAP2A-mediated ECM pathway. J Nat Med 2021; 75:590-601. [PMID: 33713277 PMCID: PMC8159825 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) have the potential for self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. And LGR5 is a stem cell marker gene of colorectal cancer. Curcumin can suppress oncogenicity of many cancer cells, yet the effect and mechanism of curcumin in LGR5(+) colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) have not been studied. In this study, we studied the effect of curcumin on LGR5(+) colorectal CSCs using the experiments of tumorsphere formation, cell viability and cell apoptosis. Then autophagy analysis, RNA-Seq, and real-time PCR were used to identify the mechanism responsible for the inhibition of LGR5(+) colorectal CSCs. Our results showed that curcumin inhibited tumorsphere formation, decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and also promoted apoptosis of LGR5(+) colorectal CSCs. Next, we found curcumin induced autophagy of LGR5(+) colorectal CSCs. When LGR5(+) colorectal CSCs were co-treated with curcumin and the autophagy inhibitor (hydroxychloroquine), curcumin-induced cell proliferation inhibition decreased. In addition, we also found that curcumin inhibited the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathway via the downregulation of the following genes: GP1BB, COL9A3, COMP, AGRN, ITGB4, LAMA5, COL2A1, ITGB6, ITGA1, and TNC. Further, these genes were transcriptionally regulated by TFAP2A, and the high expression of TFAP2A was associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. In conclusion, curcumin suppressed LGR5(+) colorectal CSCs, potentially by inducing autophagy and repressing the oncogenic TFAP2A-mediated ECM pathway. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Yongwu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Akbari S, Kunter I, Azbazdar Y, Ozhan G, Atabey N, Firtina Karagonlar Z, Erdal E. LGR5/R-Spo1/Wnt3a axis promotes stemness and aggressive phenotype in hepatoblast-like hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109972. [PMID: 33684507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a newly defined stem cell marker in endoderm-derived organs such as the small intestine, colon and pancreas. Recently, LGR5 was demonstrated to be an important factor in liver regeneration and stem cell maintenance. Moreover, LGR5 expression is highly up-regulated in various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma. Herein, we demonstrate that LGR5 expression is specifically observed in certain subset of HCC cell lines with "hepatoblast-like" appearance, characterized by the expression of liver fetal/progenitor markers. Notably, the activation of the canonical Wnt pathway significantly increases the expression of LGR5 in this subset of cell lines, whereas it does not cause any induction of LGR5 expression in mesenchymal like cell lines SNU-475 and SNU-449. Furthermore, we showed that treatment of the hepatoblast-like HCC cell lines HuH-7 and Hep3B with LGR5 ligand R-Spo1 significantly amplifies the induction of LGR5 expression, the phosphorylation of LRP6 and β-catenin resulting in enhanced TCF/LEF activity either alone or in combination with Wnt3a. Consistently, the silencing of the LGR5 gene attenuates the co-stimulatory effect of R-Spo1/Wnt3a on TCF/LEF activity while overexpression of LGR5 enhances it. On the contrary, overexpression of LGR5 does not change TCF/LEF activity induced by R-Spo1/Wnt3a in mesenchymal-like HCC line, SNU-449. Importantly, LGR5-overexpressing cells have increased expression of several Wnt target genes and stemness-related genes including EpCAM and CK19 upon R-Spo1/Wnt3a treatment. LGR5-overexpressing cells also have increased spheroid forming, migration and invasion abilities and stimulation with R-Spo1/Wnt3a augments these abilities of LGR5-overexpressing cells. In addition, ectopic overexpression of LGR5 significantly increases cell proliferation rate independent of R-Spo1/Wnt3a stimulation. Moreover, in vitro tubulogenesis assay demonstrates that treatment with R-Spo1/Wnt3a enhances the sprouting of capillary tubules in only LGR5-overexpressing cells. Finally, R-Spo1/Wnt3a significantly promotes dissemination of LGR5-overexpressing cells in vivo in a zebrafish xenograft model. Our study unravels a tumor-promoting role for LGR5 through activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the hepatoblast-like HCCs. In conclusion, our results suggest that LGR5/R-Spo1/Wnt3a generates an axis that mediates the acquisition of aggressive phenotype specifically in hepatoblast-like subset of HCCs and might represent a valuable target for treatment of HCC tumors with aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Akbari
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Imge Kunter
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nese Atabey
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Esra Erdal
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, 35340 Izmir, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey.
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Khodadadian A, Varghaiyan Y, Babakhanzadeh E, Alipourfard I, Haghi-Daredeh S, Ghobadi A, Hemmati-Dinarvand M, Talebi M, Ghasemi N. Fertility preservation in women with ovarian cancer: Finding new pathways: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2021; 19:157-166. [PMID: 33718760 PMCID: PMC7922293 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i2.8474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgery and chemotherapy are the two most common treatments for cancers, including ovarian cancer. Although most ovarian cancers occur over the age of 45 yr, it may involve younger women and affect their reproductive ability. Objective To assess the expression of Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1), and miR-340 genes in the ovarian cancer tissues as well as ovarian cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, 30 ovarian cancer samples (with the average age of 37 ± 2.5 years) coupled with their non-tumor marginal tissue (as a control) were collected. Proliferated cell lines were treated with several concentrations of cisplatin, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cisplatin was quantified by MTT-assay. After RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and qRT-PCR were done. Finally, the results were analyzed. Results While the expression levels of miR-340 and FOXO1 genes in tumor samples displayed a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.001), the LGR5 gene presented a significant increase in expression (p ≤ 0.0001). However, conversely, the expression levels of miR-340 and FOXO1 genes in cisplatin-sensitive cell lines, after 24, 48, and 72 hr of cisplatin treatment, indicated a significant increase (p ≤ 0.001) while the expression of LGR5 gene showed a significant decrease in the cisplatin-sensitive cell line (p < 0.05). Conclusion The LGR5, FOXO1, and miR-340 genes can be targeted for early diagnosis and more accurate treatment of ovarian cancer and may prevent some of the ovarian cancer complications such as infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khodadadian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yasser Varghaiyan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Emad Babakhanzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Saeed Haghi-Daredeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Amin Ghobadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hemmati-Dinarvand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Talebi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ghasemi
- Abortion Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Yang T, Wang H, Li M, Yang L, Han Y, Liu C, Zhang B, Wu M, Wang G, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Huang J, Zhang H, Cao T, Chen P, Zhang W. CD151 promotes Colorectal Cancer progression by a crosstalk involving CEACAM6, LGR5 and Wnt signaling via TGFβ1. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:848-860. [PMID: 33767593 PMCID: PMC7975690 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.53657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CD151 impacts various signaling pathways in different cancers, and promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) cell malignancy by yet undefined mechanisms. This study aimed to comprehensively assess CD151's function in CRC. CD151 levels were significantly higher in CRC tissues and cells compared with controls in the tissue microarray. Cell viability, migration and invasion were suppressed by CD151 downregulation in CRC cells. Consistently, mouse xenografts were inhibited by CD151 silencing. RNA-seq revealed that multiple genes were significantly altered by CD151 knockdown in cultured CRC cells and xenografts. Particularly, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) alongside CD151 were downregulated both in vitro and in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry results were validated by qRT-PCR and immunoblot. Moreover, pull-down assay and immunofluorescence confirmed the associations of TGFβ1, CEACAM6 and LGR5 with CD151. This study demonstrated CEACAM6, LGR5 and Wnt pathway suppression by CD151 silencing might occur through TGFβ1 regulation, offering a comprehensive view of CD151's roles in colorectal carcinogenesis. Our findings provide an insight into the CD151-involved signaling network in CRC oncogenesis, which could be utilized to design novel targeted therapies against CD151-based signaling in treatment for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Huibing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Linqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Key Lab of Hebei Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Baowen Zhang
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Moleculor and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Mingfa Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Dingzhou City People's Hospital, Dingzhou, Hebei, 073000, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Third General Surgery, Cangzhou City People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Department of Second General Surgery, Hebei Medical University Fourth hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050011, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 500017, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Huaxing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050200, China
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Sheahan BJ, Freeman AN, Keeley TM, Samuelson LC, Roper J, Hasapis S, Lee CL, Dekaney CM. Epithelial Regeneration After Doxorubicin Arises Primarily From Early Progeny of Active Intestinal Stem Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:119-140. [PMID: 33571711 PMCID: PMC8082264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS aISCs (aISCs) are sensitive to acute insults including chemotherapy and irradiation. Regeneration after aISC depletion has primarily been explored in irradiation (IR). However, the cellular origin of epithelial regeneration after doxorubicin (DXR), a common chemotherapeutic, is poorly understood. METHODS We monitored DXR's effect on aISCs by enumerating Lgr5-eGFP+ and Olfm4+ crypts, cleaved caspase-3 (CASP3+) immunofluorescence, and time-lapse organoid imaging. Lineage tracing from previously identified regenerative cell populations (Bmi1+, Hopx+, Dll1+, and Defa6+) was performed with DXR damage. Lineage tracing from aISCs was compared with lineage tracing from early progeny cells (transit-amplifying cells arising from aISCs 1 day predamage) in the context of DXR and IR. We compared stem cell and DNA damage response (DDR) transcripts in isolated aISCs and early progeny cells 6 and 24 hours after DXR. RESULTS Epithelial regeneration after DXR primarily arose from early progeny cells generated by aISCs. Early progeny cells upregulated stem cell gene expression and lacked apoptosis induction (6 hours DXR: 2.5% of CASP3+ cells, p<0.0001). aISCs downregulated stem cell gene expression and underwent rapid apoptosis (6 hours DXR: 63.4% of CASP3+ cells). There was minimal regenerative contribution from Bmi1+, Hopx+, Dll1+, and Defa6+-expressing populations. In homeostasis, 48.4% of early progeny cells were BrdU+, and expressed low levels of DDR transcripts. CONCLUSIONS We show that DXR effectively depleted aISCs in the small intestine and subsequent epithelial regeneration depended on nonquiescent early progeny cells of aISCs. The chemoresistant phenotype of the early progeny cells may rely on a dampened DDR in contrast to aISCs' robust DDR, which facilitates expeditious apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna J. Sheahan
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Ally N. Freeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Theresa M. Keeley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Linda C. Samuelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jatin Roper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stephanie Hasapis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher M. Dekaney
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina,Correspondence Address requests for correspondence to: Christopher M. Dekaney, PhD, 1060 William Moore Drive, Campus Box 8401, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607.
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Iwaya M, Ota H, Nakajima T, Uehara T, Riddell R, Conner J. Most colitis associated carcinomas lack expression of LGR5: a preliminary study with implications for unique pathways of carcinogenesis compared to sporadic colorectal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:119. [PMID: 33541282 PMCID: PMC7863293 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a component of the Wnt receptor complex, is thought to lineage label gastric and intestinal stem cells. LGR5 expression is increased in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) compared to normal tissue. Colitis associated colorectal adenocarcinoma (CAC) often shows distinct morphologic and molecular phenotypes compared to sporadic cases. However, the expression profile of LGR5, and by extension the potential role of an intestinal stem cell phenotype, has not been well described in a series of human CAC. Method RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) for LGR5 expression on 30 CACs (12 cases with conventional morphology and 18 cases with non-conventional type morphology) from 29 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients was performed and compared the expression profile to a control group of 10 sporadic CRCs. Immunohistochemistry for beta-catenin and SATB2 was performed on the 30 CACs. Result LGR5 was positive in 30% (9/30) of CAC cases and 90% (9/10) of sporadic CRCs (p = 0.002). A large majority (89%) of LGR5 positive CACs were of the conventional histologic type, and conventional type CAC showed a significantly higher LGR5 score (median 3.0; interquartile range 1.75–3.25) than non-conventional type CAC (median 1.5; interquartile range 1.00–2.00) (p = 0.034). CAC with conventional morphology did have a lower level of LGR5 expression than sporadic CRC. Sporadic CRCs showed a significantly higher LGR5 level score than non-conventional type CACs (p < 0.001). Nuclear translocation of beta-catenin was strongly associated with LGR5 expression (p = 0.003), however no significant association was identified between SATB2 expression and LGR5 expression status in CACs. Conclusion These findings suggest that the wider spectrum of tumor morphology in CAC may be associated with absence of a LGR5-expressing intestinal stem cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Iwaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Hiroyoshi Ota
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakajima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shinshu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Robert Riddell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Conner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Lähde M, Heino S, Högström J, Kaijalainen S, Anisimov A, Flanagan D, Kallio P, Leppänen VM, Ristimäki A, Ritvos O, Wu K, Tammela T, Hodder M, Sansom OJ, Alitalo K. Expression of R-Spondin 1 in Apc Min/+ Mice Suppresses Growth of Intestinal Adenomas by Altering Wnt and Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:245-259. [PMID: 32941878 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mutations in the APC gene and other genes in the Wnt signaling pathway contribute to development of colorectal carcinomas. R-spondins (RSPOs) are secreted proteins that amplify Wnt signaling in intestinal stem cells. Alterations in RSPO genes have been identified in human colorectal tumors. We studied the effects of RSPO1 overexpression in ApcMin/+ mutant mice. METHODS An adeno associated viral vector encoding RSPO1-Fc fusion protein, or control vector, was injected into ApcMin/+mice. Their intestinal crypts were isolated and cultured as organoids. which were incubated with or without RSPO1-Fc and an inhibitor of transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFBR). Livers were collected from mice and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Organoids and adenomas were analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, single cell RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Intestines from Apc+/+ mice injected with the vector encoding RSPO1-Fc had significantly deeper crypts, longer villi, with increased EdU labeling, indicating increased proliferation of epithelial cells, in comparison to mice given control vector. AAV-RSPO1-Fc-transduced ApcMin/+ mice also developed fewer and smaller intestinal tumors and had significantly longer survival times. Adenomas of ApcMin/+ mice injected with the RSPO1-Fc vector showed a rapid increase in apoptosis and in the expression of Wnt target genes, followed by reduced expression of messenger RNAs and proteins regulated by the Wnt pathway, reduced cell proliferation, and less crypt branching than adenomas of mice given the control vector. Addition of RSPO1 reduced the number of adenoma organoids derived from ApcMin/+ mice and suppressed expression of Wnt target genes but increased phosphorylation of SMAD2 and transcription of genes regulated by SMAD. Inhibition of TGFBR signaling in organoids stimulated with RSPO1-Fc restored organoid formation and expression of genes regulated by Wnt. The TGFBR inhibitor restored apoptosis in adenomas from ApcMin/+ mice expressing RSPO1-Fc back to the same level as in the adenomas from mice given the control vector. CONCLUSIONS Expression of RSPO1 in ApcMin/+ mice increases apoptosis and reduces proliferation and Wnt signaling in adenoma cells, resulting in development of fewer and smaller intestinal tumors and longer mouse survival. Addition of RSPO1 to organoids derived from adenomas inhibits their growth and promotes proliferation of intestinal stem cells that retain the APC protein; these effects are reversed by TGFB inhibitor. Strategies to increase the expression of RSPO1 might be developed for the treatment of intestinal adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lähde
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarika Heino
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny Högström
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seppo Kaijalainen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrey Anisimov
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dustin Flanagan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pauliina Kallio
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Leppänen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital; Medicum and Applied Tumor Genomics, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katherine Wu
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michael Hodder
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Li X, Tong M, Wang L, Qin Y, Yu H, Yu Y. Age-Dependent Activation and Neuronal Differentiation of Lgr5+ Basal Cells in Injured Olfactory Epithelium via Notch Signaling Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:602688. [PMID: 33390928 PMCID: PMC7773941 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.602688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an important factor affecting function of smell, leading to the degeneration of mature olfactory sensory neurons and inducing the occurrence of smell loss. The mammalian olfactory epithelium (OE) can regenerate when subjected to chemical assaults. However, this capacity is not limitless. Inactivation of globose basal cells and failure to generate sensory neurons are the main obstacles to prevent the OE regeneration. Here, we found the significant attenuation in mature sensory neuronal generation and apparent transcriptional alternation in the OE from aged mice compared with young ones. The recruitment of leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5)-positive cells in injured OE was weakened in aged mice, and more Lgr5+ cells remained quiescence in aged OE postinjury. Lineage-traced progenies from Lgr5+ cells were significantly fewer in the OE with aging. Moreover, Notch activation enhanced the neuronal regeneration in aged OE, making the regenerative capacity of aged OE comparable with that of young animals after injury. The growth and morphology of three-dimensional (3D)-cultured organoids from the OE of young and aged mice varied and was modulated by small molecules regulating the Notch signaling pathway. Thus, we concluded that activation of Lgr5+ cells in injured OE was age dependent and Notch activation could enhance the capacity of neuronal generation from Lgr5+ cells in aged OE after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meimei Tong
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Yuecheng People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumei Qin
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongmeng Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Research Units of New Technologies of Endoscopic Surgery in Skull Base Tumor, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang L, Moore DC, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhao H, D-H Yue J, Jackson CL, Quesenberry PJ, Cao W, Yang W. SHP2 regulates the development of intestinal epithelium by modifying OSTERIX + crypt stem cell self-renewal and proliferation. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21106. [PMID: 33165997 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001091r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, encoded by PTPN11, is ubiquitously expressed and essential for the development and/or maintenance of multiple tissues and organs. SHP2 is involved in gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium development and homeostasis, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. While studying SHP2's role in skeletal development, we made osteoblast-specific SHP2 deficient mice using Osterix (Osx)-Cre as a driver to excise Ptpn11 floxed alleles. Phenotypic characterization of these SHP2 mutants unexpectedly revealed a critical role of SHP2 in GI biology. Mice lacking SHP2 in Osx+ cells developed a fatal GI pathology with dramatic villus hypoplasia. OSTERIX, an OB-specific zinc finger-containing transcription factor is for the first time found to be expressed in GI crypt cells, and SHP2 expression in the crypt Osx+ cells is critical for self-renewal and proliferation. Further, immunostaining revealed the colocalization of OSTERIX with OLFM4 and LGR5, two bona fide GI stem cell markers, at the crypt cells. Furthermore, OSTERIX expression is found to be associated with GI malignancies. Knockdown of SHP2 expression had no apparent influence on the relative numbers of enterocytes, goblet cells or Paneth cells. Given SHP2's key regulatory role in OB differentiation, our studies suggest that OSTERIX and SHP2 are indispensable for gut homeostasis, analogous to SOX9's dual role as a master regulator of cartilage and an important regulator of crypt stem cell biology. Our findings also provide a foundation for new avenues of inquiry into GI stem cell biology and of OSTERIX's therapeutic and diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Douglas C Moore
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jerry D-H Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Cynthia L Jackson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter J Quesenberry
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Weibiao Cao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wentian Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Brown University Alpert Medical School and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Lai S, Cheng R, Gao D, Chen YG, Deng C. LGR5 constitutively activates NF-κB signaling to regulate the growth of intestinal crypts. FASEB J 2020; 34:15605-15620. [PMID: 33001511 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001329r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian LGR5 and LGR4, markers of adult stem cells, are involved in many physiological functions by enhancing WNT signaling. However, whether LGR5 and LGR4 are coupled to other intracellular signaling pathways to regulate stem cell function remains unknown. Here, we show that LGR5 and LGR4 can constitutively activate NF-κB signaling in a ligand-independent manner, which is dependent on their C-termini, but independent of receptor endocytosis. Moreover, the C-termini of LGR5/4 interact with TROY, which is required for activating NF-κB signaling. In small intestinal crypt organoids, overexpression of a C-terminal deletion mutant of LGR5 inhibits the growth and bud formation of organoids, whereas overexpression of the R-spondin-binding mutant of LGR5 that is defective for WNT signaling can still promote organoid growth. Our study reveals that NF-κB signaling, regulated by LGR5 and LGR4, plays an important role in the survival of colon cancer cells and the growth of intestinal crypts. Our findings also suggest that LGR5/4-induced NF-κB signaling and WNT signaling may co-regulate the growth of LGR5+ adult stem cells and intestinal crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Lai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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50
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Roy SK, Shrivastava A, Srivastav S, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. SATB2 is a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11064-11069. [PMID: 32885593 PMCID: PMC7576221 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have confirmed the involvement of cancer stem cells (CSC) in tumour progression, metastasis, drug resistance and cancer relapse. SATB2 (special AT-rich binding protein-2) acts as a transcriptional co-factor and modulates chromatin architecture to regulate gene expression. The purpose of this review was to discuss the pathophysiological roles of SATB2 and assess whether it could be used as a therapeutic target for cancer. SATB2 modulated the expression of those genes which regulated pluripotency and self-renewal. Overexpression of SATB2 gene in normal epithelial cells was shown to induce transformation, as a result transformed cells gained CSC's characteristics by expressing stem cell markers and pluripotency maintaining factors, suggesting its role as an oncogene. In addition, SATB2 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. Interestingly, the expression of SATB2 was positively correlated with the activation of β-catenin/TCF-LEF pathway. Furthermore, SATB2 silencing inhibited EMT and their positive regulators, and tumour growth, and suppressed the expression of stem cell markers, pluripotency maintaining factors, cell cycle and cell survival genes, and TCF/LEF targets. Based on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) expression data and published papers, SATB2 alone or in combination with other proteins could be used a diagnostic biomarker for cancer. Although there is no pharmacological inhibitor of SATB2, studies using genetic approaches suggest that SATB2 could be a potential target for cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit K. Roy
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer CenterLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | | | - Sudesh Srivastav
- Department of Biostatistics and Data ScienceSchool of Public Health and Tropical MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer CenterLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
- Department of GeneticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
- John W. Deming Department of MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer CenterLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
- Department of GeneticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
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