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Pamies D, Ekert J, Zurich MG, Frey O, Werner S, Piergiovanni M, Freedman BS, Keong Teo AK, Erfurth H, Reyes DR, Loskill P, Candarlioglu P, Suter-Dick L, Wang S, Hartung T, Coecke S, Stacey GN, Wagegg BA, Dehne EM, Pistollato F, Leist M. Recommendations on fit-for-purpose criteria to establish quality management for microphysiological systems and for monitoring their reproducibility. Stem Cell Reports 2024:S2213-6711(24)00084-5. [PMID: 38670111 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell culture technology has evolved, moving from single-cell and monolayer methods to 3D models like reaggregates, spheroids, and organoids, improved with bioengineering like microfabrication and bioprinting. These advancements, termed microphysiological systems (MPSs), closely replicate tissue environments and human physiology, enhancing research and biomedical uses. However, MPS complexity introduces standardization challenges, impacting reproducibility and trust. We offer guidelines for quality management and control criteria specific to MPSs, facilitating reliable outcomes without stifling innovation. Our fit-for-purpose recommendations provide actionable advice for achieving consistent MPS performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pamies
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jason Ekert
- Jason E Ekert: UCB Pharma, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophie Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland; University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Benjamin S Freedman
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Plurexa LLC, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Darwin R Reyes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Peter Loskill
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; 3R Center for In Vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Laura Suter-Dick
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland; University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Doerenkamp-Zbinden Professor and Chair for Evidence-based Toxicology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA; CAAT Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, 2 High Street, Barley, Herts SG88HZ, UK; National Stem Cell Resource Centre, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Merdicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | | | | | | | - Marcel Leist
- CAAT Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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2
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Ho BX, Teo AKK, Ng NHJ. Innovations in bio-engineering and cell-based approaches to address immunological challenges in islet transplantation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375177. [PMID: 38650946 PMCID: PMC11033429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation is a life-changing treatment for patients with severe Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) who suffer from hypoglycemia unawareness and high risk of severe hypoglycemia. However, intensive immunosuppression is required to prevent immune rejection of the graft, that may in turn lead to undesirable side effects such as toxicity to the islet cells, kidney toxicity, occurrence of opportunistic infections, and malignancies. The shortage of cadaveric human islet donors further limits islet transplantation as a treatment option for widespread adoption. Alternatively, porcine islets have been considered as another source of insulin-secreting cells for transplantation in T1D patients, though xeno-transplants raise concerns over the risk of endogenous retrovirus transmission and immunological incompatibility. As a result, technological advancements have been made to protect transplanted islets from immune rejection and inflammation, ideally in the absence of chronic immunosuppression, to improve the outcomes and accessibility of allogeneic islet cell replacement therapies. These include the use of microencapsulation or macroencapsulation devices designed to provide an immunoprotective environment using a cell-impermeable layer, preventing immune cell attack of the transplanted cells. Other up and coming advancements are based on the use of stem cells as the starting source material for generating islet cells 'on-demand'. These starting stem cell sources include human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that have been genetically engineered to avoid the host immune response, curated HLA-selected donor hiPSCs that can be matched with recipients within a given population, and multipotent stem cells with natural immune privilege properties. These strategies are developed to provide an immune-evasive cell resource for allogeneic cell therapy. This review will summarize the immunological challenges facing islet transplantation and highlight recent bio-engineering and cell-based approaches aimed at avoiding immune rejection, to improve the accessibility of islet cell therapy and enhance treatment outcomes. Better understanding of the different approaches and their limitations can guide future research endeavors towards developing more comprehensive and targeted strategies for creating a more tolerogenic microenvironment, and improve the effectiveness and sustainability of islet transplantation to benefit more patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Xuan Ho
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- BetaLife Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natasha Hui Jin Ng
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Autio MI, Motakis E, Perrin A, Bin Amin T, Tiang Z, Do DV, Wang J, Tan J, Ding SSL, Tan WX, Lee CJM, Teo AKK, Foo RSY. Computationally defined and in vitro validated putative genomic safe harbour loci for transgene expression in human cells. eLife 2024; 13:e79592. [PMID: 38164941 PMCID: PMC10836832 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Selection of the target site is an inherent question for any project aiming for directed transgene integration. Genomic safe harbour (GSH) loci have been proposed as safe sites in the human genome for transgene integration. Although several sites have been characterised for transgene integration in the literature, most of these do not meet criteria set out for a GSH and the limited set that do have not been characterised extensively. Here, we conducted a computational analysis using publicly available data to identify 25 unique putative GSH loci that reside in active chromosomal compartments. We validated stable transgene expression and minimal disruption of the native transcriptome in three GSH sites in vitro using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their differentiated progeny. Furthermore, for easy targeted transgene expression, we have engineered constitutive landing pad expression constructs into the three validated GSH in hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias I Autio
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenomics and Chromatin Organization, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Efthymios Motakis
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arnaud Perrin
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenomics and Chromatin Organization, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Talal Bin Amin
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zenia Tiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenomics and Chromatin Organization, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dang Vinh Do
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenomics and Chromatin Organization, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaxu Wang
- Laboratory of RNA Genomics and Structure, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanna Tan
- Center for Genome Diagnostics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirley Suet Lee Ding
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Xuan Tan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chang Jie Mick Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenomics and Chromatin Organization, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Laboratory of Molecular Epigenomics and Chromatin Organization, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
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Lau HH, Krentz NAJ, Abaitua F, Perez-Alcantara M, Chan JW, Ajeian J, Ghosh S, Lee Y, Yang J, Thaman S, Champon B, Sun H, Jha A, Hoon S, Tan NS, Gardner DSL, Kao SL, Tai ES, Gloyn AL, Teo AKK. PAX4 loss of function increases diabetes risk by altering human pancreatic endocrine cell development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6119. [PMID: 37777536 PMCID: PMC10542369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The coding variant (p.Arg192His) in the transcription factor PAX4 is associated with an altered risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in East Asian populations. In mice, Pax4 is essential for beta cell formation but its role on human beta cell development and/or function is unknown. Participants carrying the PAX4 p.His192 allele exhibited decreased pancreatic beta cell function compared to homozygotes for the p.192Arg allele in a cross-sectional study in which we carried out an intravenous glucose tolerance test and an oral glucose tolerance test. In a pedigree of a patient with young onset diabetes, several members carry a newly identified p.Tyr186X allele. In the human beta cell model, EndoC-βH1, PAX4 knockdown led to impaired insulin secretion, reduced total insulin content, and altered hormone gene expression. Deletion of PAX4 in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived islet-like cells resulted in derepression of alpha cell gene expression. In vitro differentiation of hiPSCs carrying PAX4 p.His192 and p.X186 risk alleles exhibited increased polyhormonal endocrine cell formation and reduced insulin content that can be reversed with gene correction. Together, we demonstrate the role of PAX4 in human endocrine cell development, beta cell function, and its contribution to T2D-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole A J Krentz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fernando Abaitua
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jun-Wei Chan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jila Ajeian
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yunkyeong Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Swaraj Thaman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benoite Champon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Han Sun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alokkumar Jha
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shih Ling Kao
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Proteos, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Lau HH, Amirruddin NS, Loo LSW, Chan JW, Iich E, Krishnan VG, Hoon S, Teo AKK. FGFR-mediated ERK1/2 signaling contributes to mesendoderm and definitive endoderm formation in vitro. iScience 2023; 26:107265. [PMID: 37502260 PMCID: PMC10368912 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into the SOX17+ definitive endoderm (DE) germ layer is important for generating tissues for regenerative medicine. Multiple developmental and stem cell studies have demonstrated that Activin/Nodal signaling is the primary driver of definitive endoderm formation. Here, we uncover that the FGF2-FGFR-ERK1/2 signaling contributes to mesendoderm and SOX17+ DE formation. Without ERK1/2 signaling, the Activin/Nodal signaling is insufficient to drive mesendoderm and DE formation. Besides FGF2-FGFR-mediated signaling, IGF1R signaling possibly contributes to the ERK1/2 signaling for DE formation. We identified a temporal relationship between Activin/Nodal-SMAD2 and FGF2-FGFR-ERK1/2 signaling in which Activin/Nodal-SMAD2 participates in the initiation of mesendoderm and DE specification that is followed by increasing activity of FGF2-FGFR-ERK1/2 to facilitate and permit the successful generation of SOX17+ DE. Overall, besides the role of Activin/Nodal signaling for DE formation, our findings shed light on the contribution of ERK1/2 signaling for mesendoderm and DE formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Shabrina Amirruddin
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Larry Sai Weng Loo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Wei Chan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elhadi Iich
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Lab, IMCB, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Chan JW, Neo CWY, Ghosh S, Choi H, Lim SC, Tai ES, Teo AKK. HNF1A binds and regulates the expression of SLC51B to facilitate the uptake of estrone sulfate in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:302. [PMID: 37137894 PMCID: PMC10156747 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal defects in maturity onset diabetes of the young 3 (MODY3) patients and Hnf1a-/- mice suggest an involvement of HNF1A in kidney development and/or its function. Although numerous studies have leveraged on Hnf1α-/- mice to infer some transcriptional targets and function of HNF1A in mouse kidneys, species-specific differences obviate a straightforward extrapolation of findings to the human kidney. Additionally, genome-wide targets of HNF1A in human kidney cells have yet to be identified. Here, we leveraged on human in vitro kidney cell models to characterize the expression profile of HNF1A during renal differentiation and in adult kidney cells. We found HNF1A to be increasingly expressed during renal differentiation, with peak expression on day 28 in the proximal tubule cells. HNF1A ChIP-Sequencing (ChIP-Seq) performed on human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived kidney organoids identified its genome-wide putative targets. Together with a qPCR screen, we found HNF1A to activate the expression of SLC51B, CD24, and RNF186 genes. Importantly, HNF1A-depleted human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) and MODY3 human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived kidney organoids expressed lower levels of SLC51B. SLC51B-mediated estrone sulfate (E1S) uptake in proximal tubule cells was abrogated in these HNF1A-deficient cells. MODY3 patients also exhibit significantly higher excretion of urinary E1S. Overall, we report that SLC51B is a target of HNF1A responsible for E1S uptake in human proximal tubule cells. As E1S serves as the main storage form of nephroprotective estradiol in the human body, lowered E1S uptake and increased E1S excretion may reduce the availability of nephroprotective estradiol in the kidneys, contributing to the development of renal disease in MODY3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei Chan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Claire Wen Ying Neo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, 768828, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
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Ching C, Iich E, Teo AKK. Harnessing Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic In Vitro Models for High-Throughput Toxicity Testing and Diabetes Drug Discovery. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 281:301-332. [PMID: 37306817 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The long-standing goals in diabetes research are to improve β-cell survival, functionality and increase β-cell mass. Current strategies to manage diabetes progression are still not ideal for sustained maintenance of normoglycemia, thereby increasing demand for the development of novel drugs. Available pancreatic cell lines, cadaveric islets, and their culture methods and formats, either 2D or 3D, allow for multiple avenues of experimental design to address diverse aims in the research setting. More specifically, these pancreatic cells have been employed in toxicity testing, diabetes drug screens, and with careful curation, can be optimized for use in efficient high-throughput screenings (HTS). This has since spearheaded the understanding of disease progression and related mechanisms, as well as the discovery of potential drug candidates which could be the cornerstone for diabetes treatment. This book chapter will touch on the pros and cons of the most widely used pancreatic cells, including the more recent human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic cells, and HTS strategies (cell models, design, readouts) that can be used for the purpose of toxicity testing and diabetes drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ching
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elhadi Iich
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Tay KY, Wu KX, Chioh FWJ, Autio MI, Pek NMQ, Narmada BC, Tan SH, Low AFH, Lian MM, Chew EGY, Lau HH, Kao SL, Teo AKK, Foo JN, Foo RSY, Heng CK, Chan MYY, Cheung C. Trans-interaction of risk loci 6p24.1 and 10q11.21 is associated with endothelial damage in coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2022; 362:11-22. [PMID: 36435092 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Single nucleotide polymorphism rs6903956 has been identified as one of the genetic risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, rs6903956 lies in a non-coding locus on chromosome 6p24.1. We aim to interrogate the molecular basis of 6p24.1 containing rs6903956 risk alleles in endothelial disease biology. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from CAD patients (AA risk genotype at rs6903956) and non-CAD subjects (GG non-risk genotype at rs6903956). CRISPR-Cas9-based deletions (Δ63-89bp) on 6p24.1, including both rs6903956 and a short tandem repeat variant rs140361069 in linkage disequilibrium, were performed to generate isogenic iPSC-derived endothelial cells. Edited CAD endothelial cells, with removal of 'A' risk alleles, exhibited a global transcriptional downregulation of pathways relating to abnormal vascular physiology and activated endothelial processes. A CXC chemokine ligand on chromosome 10q11.21, CXCL12, was uncovered as a potential effector gene in CAD endothelial cells. Underlying this effect was the preferential inter-chromosomal interaction of 6p24.1 risk locus to a weak promoter of CXCL12, confirmed by chromatin conformation capture assays on our iPSC-derived endothelial cells. Functionally, risk genotypes AA/AG at rs6903956 were associated significantly with elevated levels of circulating damaged endothelial cells in CAD patients. Circulating endothelial cells isolated from patients with risk genotypes AA/AG were also found to have 10 folds higher CXCL12 transcript copies/cell than those with non-risk genotype GG. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the trans-acting impact of 6p24.1 with another CAD locus on 10q11.21 and is associated with intensified endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yi Tay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore
| | - Kan Xing Wu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore
| | - Florence Wen Jing Chioh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore
| | - Matias Ilmari Autio
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Balakrishnan Chakrapani Narmada
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore; Experimental Drug Development Centre, A*STAR, 10 Biopolis Road, Singapore, 138670
| | - Sock-Hwee Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Adrian Fatt-Hoe Low
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Michelle Mulan Lian
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore
| | - Elaine Guo Yan Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, 138673, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Shih Ling Kao
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, National University Hospital and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Roger Sik Yin Foo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chew Kiat Heng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat, National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mark Yan Yee Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Heart Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, 636921, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, 138673, Singapore.
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Tan LS, Chen JT, Lim LY, Teo AKK. Featured Cover. Cell Prolif 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Kong D, Yu H, Sim X, White K, Tai ES, Wenk M, Teo AKK. Multidisciplinary Effort to Drive Precision-Medicine for the Future. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:845405. [PMID: 35585913 PMCID: PMC9108202 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.845405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past one or two decades, countries across the world have successively implemented different precision medicine (PM) programs, and also cooperated to implement international PM programs. We are now in the era of PM. Singapore's National Precision Medicine (NPM) program, initiated in 2017, is now entering its second phase to generate a large genomic database for Asians. The National University of Singapore (NUS) also launched its own PM translational research program (TRP) in 2021, aimed at consolidating multidisciplinary expertise within the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine to develop collaborative projects that can help to identify and validate novel therapeutic targets for the realization of PM. To achieve this, appropriate data collection, data processing, and results interpretation must be taken into consideration. There may be some difficulties during these processes, but with the improvement of relevant rules and the continuous development of omics-based technologies, we will be able to solve these problems, eventually achieving precise prediction, diagnosis, treatment, or even prevention of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Kong
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Dean's Office, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haojie Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin White
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E. Shyong Tai
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Adrian Kee Keong Teo
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Tan LS, Chen JT, Lim LY, Teo AKK. Manufacturing clinical-grade human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived beta cells for diabetes treatment. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13232. [PMID: 35474596 PMCID: PMC9357357 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The unlimited proliferative capacity of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) fortifies it as one of the most attractive sources for cell therapy application in diabetes. In the past two decades, vast research efforts have been invested in developing strategies to differentiate hPSCs into clinically suitable insulin‐producing endocrine cells or functional beta cells (β cells). With the end goal being clinical translation, it is critical for hPSCs and insulin‐producing β cells to be derived, handled, stored, maintained and expanded with clinical compliance. This review focuses on the key processes and guidelines for clinical translation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived β cells for diabetes cell therapy. Here, we discuss the (1) key considerations of manufacturing clinical‐grade hiPSCs, (2) scale‐up and differentiation of clinical‐grade hiPSCs into β cells in clinically compliant conditions and (3) mandatory quality control and product release criteria necessitated by various regulatory bodies to approve the use of the cell‐based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Shuen Tan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juin Ting Chen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lillian Yuxian Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme (TRP), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Li J, Inoue R, Togashi Y, Okuyama T, Satoh A, Kyohara M, Nishiyama K, Tsuno T, Miyashita D, Kin T, Shapiro AMJ, Chew RSE, Teo AKK, Oyadomari S, Terauchi Y, Shirakawa J. Imeglimin Ameliorates β-Cell Apoptosis by Modulating the Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis Pathway. Diabetes 2022; 71:424-439. [PMID: 34588186 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of imeglimin, a novel antidiabetes agent, on β-cell function remain unclear. Here, we unveiled the impact of imeglimin on β-cell survival. Treatment with imeglimin augmented mitochondrial function, enhanced insulin secretion, promoted β-cell proliferation, and improved β-cell survival in mouse islets. Imeglimin upregulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related molecules, including Chop (Ddit3), Gadd34 (Ppp1r15a), Atf3, and Sdf2l1, and decreased eIF2α phosphorylation after treatment with thapsigargin and restored global protein synthesis in β-cells under ER stress. Imeglimin failed to protect against ER stress-induced β-cell apoptosis in CHOP-deficient islets or in the presence of GADD34 inhibitor. Treatment with imeglimin showed a significant decrease in the number of apoptotic β-cells and increased β-cell mass in Akita mice. Imeglimin also protected against β-cell apoptosis in both human islets and human pluripotent stem cell-derived β-like cells. Taken together, imeglimin modulates the ER homeostasis pathway, which results in the prevention of β-cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe Li
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryota Inoue
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yu Togashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Okuyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Aoi Satoh
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mayu Kyohara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuno
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyashita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Resilind Su Ern Chew
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Kuramoto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Lim LY, Ching C, Kong D, Chan SY, Teo AKK. Generating pancreatic beta-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 170:127-146. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tan WX, Bok CM, Ng NHJ, Teo AKK. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived 3D Organoids to Analyze DNA-Protein Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2429:215-232. [PMID: 35507164 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1979-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a technique that has been widely used to interrogate DNA-protein interactions in cells. In recent years, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived 3D organoids have emerged as a powerful model to understand human development and diseases. Performing ChIP in hPSC-derived 3D organoids is a useful approach to dissect the roles of transcription factors or co-factors and to understand the epigenetic landscape in human development and diseases. However, performing ChIP in 3D organoids is more challenging than monolayer cultures, and an optimized protocol is needed for interpretable data. Hence, in this chapter, we describe in detail a protocol for performing ChIP in hPSC-derived islet-like cells as an example, from organoid harvest to ChIP-qPCR data analysis. This chapter also highlights potential pitfalls and provides recommendations for troubleshooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xuan Tan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chek Mei Bok
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natasha Hui Jin Ng
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Amirruddin NS, Tan WX, Tan YS, Gardner DSL, Bee YM, Verma CS, Hoon S, Lee KO, Teo AKK. Progressive endoplasmic reticulum stress over time due to human insulin gene mutation contributes to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2534-2549. [PMID: 34448879 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We studied the effects of heterozygous human INS gene mutations on insulin secretion, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and other mechanisms in both MIN6 and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived beta-like cells, as well as the effects of prolonged overexpression of mutant human INS in MIN6 cells. METHODS We modelled the structure of mutant C109Y and G32V proinsulin computationally to examine the in silico effects. We then overexpressed either wild-type (WT), mutant (C109Y or G32V), or both WT and mutant human preproinsulin in MIN6 cells, both transiently and stably over several weeks. We measured the levels of human and rodent insulin secreted, and examined the transcript and protein levels of several ER stress and apoptotic markers. We also reprogrammed human donor fibroblasts heterozygous for the C109Y mutation into hiPSCs and differentiated these into pancreatic beta-like cells, which were subjected to single-cell RNA-sequencing and transcript and protein analyses for ER stress and apoptotic markers. RESULTS The computational modelling studies, and short-term and long-term expression studies in beta cells, revealed the presence of ER stress, organelle changes and insulin processing defects, resulting in a decreased amount of insulin secreted but not the ability to secrete insulin. By 9 weeks of expression of mutant human INS, dominant-negative effects of mutant INS were evident and beta cell insulin secretory capacity declined. INS+/C109Y patient-derived beta-like cells and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses then revealed compensatory upregulation in genes involved in insulin secretion, processing and inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results provide deeper insights into the mechanisms of beta cell failure during INS mutation-mediated diabetes disease progression. Decreasing spliced X-box binding protein 1 (sXBP1) or inflammatory response could be avenues to restore the function of the remaining WT INS allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Shabrina Amirruddin
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Xuan Tan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yaw Sing Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Daphne Su-Lyn Gardner
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yong Mong Bee
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chandra Shekhar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, IMCB, A*STAR, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kok Onn Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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Lau HH, Gan SU, Lickert H, Shapiro AMJ, Lee KO, Teo AKK. Charting the next century of insulin replacement with cell and gene therapies. Med 2021; 2:1138-1162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Soetedjo AAP, Lee JM, Lau HH, Goh GL, An J, Koh Y, Yeong WY, Teo AKK. Tissue engineering and 3D printing of bioartificial pancreas for regenerative medicine in diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:609-622. [PMID: 34154916 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a severe chronic disease worldwide. In various types of diabetes, the pancreatic beta cells fail to secrete sufficient insulin, at some point, to regulate blood glucose levels. Therefore, the replacement of dysfunctional pancreas, islets of Langerhans, or even the insulin-secreting beta cells facilitates physiological regulation of blood glucose levels. However, the current lack of sufficient donor human islets for cell replacement therapy precludes a routine and absolute cure for most of the existing diabetes cases globally. It is envisioned that tissue engineering of a bioartificial pancreas will revolutionize regenerative medicine and the treatment of diabetes. In this review, we discuss the anatomy and physiology of the pancreas, and identify the clinical considerations for engineering a bioartificial pancreas. Subsequently, we dissect the bioengineering problem based on the design of the device, the biomaterial used, and the cells involved. Last but not least, we highlight current tissue engineering challenges and explore potential directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Alvin Purnomo Soetedjo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Guo Liang Goh
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jia An
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yexin Koh
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP), School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Nguyen L, Lim LY, Ding SSL, Amirruddin NS, Hoon S, Chan SY, Teo AKK. Metformin Perturbs Pancreatic Differentiation From Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Diabetes 2021; 70:1689-1702. [PMID: 33958328 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is becoming a popular treatment before and during pregnancy, but current literature on in utero exposure to metformin lacks long-term clinical trials and mechanistic studies. Current literature on the effects of metformin on mature pancreatic β-cells highlights its dual, opposing, protective, or inhibitory effects, depending on metabolic environment. However, the impact of metformin on developing human pancreatic β-cells remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of metformin exposure on human pancreatic β-cell development and function in vitro. In the absence of metabolic challenges such as high levels of glucose and fatty acids, metformin exposure impaired the development and function of pancreatic β-cells, with downregulation of pancreatic genes and dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration. It also affected the insulin secretion function of pancreatic β-cells. These findings call for further in-depth evaluation of the exposure of human embryonic and fetal tissue during pregnancy to metformin and its implications for long-term offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Nguyen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lillian Yuxian Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Shirley Suet Lee Ding
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Nur Shabrina Amirruddin
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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19
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So WY, Liu WN, Teo AKK, Rutter GA, Han W. Paired box 6 programs essential exocytotic genes in the regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/600/eabb1038. [PMID: 34193609 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The paired box 6 (PAX6) transcription factor is crucial for normal pancreatic islet development and function. Heterozygous mutations of PAX6 are associated with impaired insulin secretion and early-onset diabetes mellitus in humans. However, the molecular mechanism of PAX6 in controlling insulin secretion in human beta cells and its pathophysiological role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain ambiguous. We investigated the molecular pathway of PAX6 in the regulation of insulin secretion and the potential therapeutic value of PAX6 in T2D by using human pancreatic beta cell line EndoC-βH1, the db/db mouse model, and primary human pancreatic islets. Through loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we uncovered a mechanism by which PAX6 modulates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) through a cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/Munc18-1/2 pathway. Moreover, under diabetic conditions, beta cells and pancreatic islets displayed dampened PAX6/CREB/Munc18-1/2 pathway activity and impaired GSIS, which were reversed by PAX6 replenishment. Adeno-associated virus-mediated PAX6 overexpression in db/db mouse pancreatic beta cells led to a sustained amelioration of glycemic perturbation in vivo but did not affect insulin resistance. Our study highlights the pathophysiological role of PAX6 in T2D-associated beta cell dysfunction in humans and suggests the potential of PAX6 gene transfer in preserving and restoring beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yan So
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Wai Nam Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics and Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore. .,Center for Neuro-Metabolism and Regeneration Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510700, China
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20
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Tan LS, Chew RSE, Ng NHJ, Teo AKK. Protocol for the generation of pancreatic and hepatic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells for gene regulatory assays. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100471. [PMID: 33997805 PMCID: PMC8086138 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes the detailed procedures for utilizing human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for pancreatic progenitor and hepatic differentiation, followed by the application of hPSC-derived cells in a luciferase reporter-based assay to study gene regulation. The generated hPSC-derived cells have been shown to achieve morphologies and gene expression profiles specific to their differentiated cell types, and subsequent luciferase assay has been shown to effectively elucidate the role of disease-relevant gene variants. Therefore, this protocol provides a valuable approach for pancreatic and liver disease modeling. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ng et al. (2019). Protocol generates pancreatic and hepatic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells Describes use of luciferase reporter assay to study gene regulation in hPSC-derived cells Enables the study of gene regulation during pancreatic and liver development Provides a valuable approach for modeling pancreatic and liver diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Shuen Tan
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Resilind Su Ern Chew
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Natasha Hui Jin Ng
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
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21
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Ng NHJ, Neo CWY, Ding SSL, Teo AKK. Insights from single cell studies of human pancreatic islets and stem cell-derived islet cells to guide functional beta cell maturation in vitro. Vitam Horm 2021; 116:193-233. [PMID: 33752818 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is now a sizeable number of single cell transcriptomics studies performed on human and rodent pancreatic islets that have shed light on the unique gene signatures and level of heterogeneity within each individual islet cell type. Following closely from these studies, there is also rapidly-growing activity on characterizing islet-like cells derived from in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) at the single cell level. The overall consensus across the studies so far suggests that the first few stages of differentiation are largely uniform, whereas during pancreatic endocrine commitment, cell trajectories start to diverge, resulting in multiple end-stage pancreatic cells that include progenitor-like, endocrine and non-endocrine cells. Comprehensive transcriptional profiling is important for understanding how and why islet cells, especially the insulin-secreting beta cells, exist in subpopulations that differ in maturity, proliferation rate, sensitivity to stress, and insulin secretion function. For hPSC-derived beta cells to be used confidently for cell therapy, optimal differentiation and thorough characterization is required. The key questions to address are-What is the trajectory of differentiation? Is heterogeneity a natural occurrence or is it a consequence of imperfect differentiation protocols? Can lessons be drawn from the extensive single cell transcriptomic data to help guide maturation of beta cells in vitro? This book chapter seeks to address some of these questions, and facilitate ongoing efforts in improving the beta cell differentiation pipeline or enriching for desired beta cell populations following differentiation, to make way for better mechanistic studies and future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Hui Jin Ng
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire Wen Ying Neo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirley Suet Lee Ding
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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22
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Teo AKK, Nguyen L, Gupta MK, Lau HH, Loo LSW, Jackson N, Lim CS, Mallard W, Gritsenko MA, Rinn JL, Smith RD, Qian WJ, Kulkarni RN. Defective insulin receptor signaling in hPSCs skews pluripotency and negatively perturbs neural differentiation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100495. [PMID: 33667549 PMCID: PMC8050001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells are a type of pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that are used to investigate their differentiation into diverse mature cell types for molecular studies. The mechanisms underlying insulin receptor (IR)-mediated signaling in the maintenance of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) identity and cell fate specification are not fully understood. Here, we used two independent shRNAs to stably knock down IRs in two hPSC lines that represent pluripotent stem cells and explored the consequences on expression of key proteins in pathways linked to proliferation and differentiation. We consistently observed lowered pAKT in contrast to increased pERK1/2 and a concordant elevation in pluripotency gene expression. ERK2 chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase assays, and ERK1/2 inhibitors established direct causality between ERK1/2 and OCT4 expression. Of importance, RNA sequencing analyses indicated a dysregulation of genes involved in cell differentiation and organismal development. Mass spectrometry–based proteomic analyses further confirmed a global downregulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Subsequent differentiation toward the neural lineage reflected alterations in SOX1+PAX6+ neuroectoderm and FOXG1+ cortical neuron marker expression and protein localization. Collectively, our data underscore the role of IR-mediated signaling in maintaining pluripotency, the extracellular matrix necessary for the stem cell niche, and regulating cell fate specification including the neural lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Larry Sai Weng Loo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chang Siang Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - William Mallard
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Broad Institute of MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - John L Rinn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, and Broad Institute of MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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23
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Loo LSW, Soetedjo AAP, Lau HH, Ng NHJ, Ghosh S, Nguyen L, Krishnan VG, Choi H, Roca X, Hoon S, Teo AKK. BCL-xL/BCL2L1 is a critical anti-apoptotic protein that promotes the survival of differentiating pancreatic cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:378. [PMID: 32424151 PMCID: PMC7235254 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic cells involves cellular proliferation and apoptosis during cell fate transitions. However, their implications for establishing cellular identity are unclear. Here, we profiled the expression of BCL-2 family of proteins during pancreatic specification and observed an upregulation of BCL-xL, downregulation of BAK and corresponding downregulation of cleaved CASP3 representative of apoptosis. Experimental inhibition of BCL-xL reciprocally increased apoptosis and resulted in a decreased gene expression of pancreatic markers despite a compensatory increase in anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. RNA-Seq analyses then revealed a downregulation of multiple metabolic genes upon inhibition of BCL-xL. Follow-up bioenergetics assays revealed broad downregulation of both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation when BCL-xL was inhibited. Early perturbation of BCL-xL during pancreatic specification also had subsequent detrimental effects on the formation of INS+ pancreatic beta-like cells. In conclusion, the more differentiated pancreatic progenitors are dependent on anti-apoptotic BCL-xL for survival, whereas the less differentiated pancreatic progenitors that survived after WEHI-539 treatment would exhibit a more immature phenotype. Therefore, modulation of the expression level of BCL-xL can potentially increase the survival and robustness of pancreatic progenitors that ultimately define human pancreatic beta cell mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Sai Weng Loo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Andreas Alvin Purnomo Soetedjo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Natasha Hui Jin Ng
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Computational and Statistical Systems Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | | | - Hyungwon Choi
- Computational and Statistical Systems Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Xavier Roca
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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24
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Carrat GR, Haythorne E, Tomas A, Haataja L, Müller A, Arvan P, Piunti A, Cheng K, Huang M, Pullen TJ, Georgiadou E, Stylianides T, Amirruddin NS, Salem V, Distaso W, Cakebread A, Heesom KJ, Lewis PA, Hodson DJ, Briant LJ, Fung AC, Sessions RB, Alpy F, Kong AP, Benke PI, Torta F, Teo AKK, Leclerc I, Solimena M, Wigley DB, Rutter GA. The type 2 diabetes gene product STARD10 is a phosphoinositide-binding protein that controls insulin secretory granule biogenesis. Mol Metab 2020; 40:101015. [PMID: 32416313 PMCID: PMC7322359 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Risk alleles for type 2 diabetes at the STARD10 locus are associated with lowered STARD10 expression in the β-cell, impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, and decreased circulating proinsulin:insulin ratios. Although likely to serve as a mediator of intracellular lipid transfer, the identity of the transported lipids and thus the pathways through which STARD10 regulates β-cell function are not understood. The aim of this study was to identify the lipids transported and affected by STARD10 in the β-cell and the role of the protein in controlling proinsulin processing and insulin granule biogenesis and maturation. METHODS We used isolated islets from mice deleted selectively in the β-cell for Stard10 (βStard10KO) and performed electron microscopy, pulse-chase, RNA sequencing, and lipidomic analyses. Proteomic analysis of STARD10 binding partners was executed in the INS1 (832/13) cell line. X-ray crystallography followed by molecular docking and lipid overlay assay was performed on purified STARD10 protein. RESULTS βStard10KO islets had a sharply altered dense core granule appearance, with a dramatic increase in the number of "rod-like" dense cores. Correspondingly, basal secretion of proinsulin was increased versus wild-type islets. The solution of the crystal structure of STARD10 to 2.3 Å resolution revealed a binding pocket capable of accommodating polyphosphoinositides, and STARD10 was shown to bind to inositides phosphorylated at the 3' position. Lipidomic analysis of βStard10KO islets demonstrated changes in phosphatidylinositol levels, and the inositol lipid kinase PIP4K2C was identified as a STARD10 binding partner. Also consistent with roles for STARD10 in phosphoinositide signalling, the phosphoinositide-binding proteins Pirt and Synaptotagmin 1 were amongst the differentially expressed genes in βStard10KO islets. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that STARD10 binds to, and may transport, phosphatidylinositides, influencing membrane lipid composition, insulin granule biosynthesis, and insulin processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle R. Carrat
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Elizabeth Haythorne
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andreas Müller
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra Piunti
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK,Lille 1 University-Science and Technology, Cité Scientifique, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Kaiying Cheng
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mutian Huang
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Timothy J. Pullen
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK,Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eleni Georgiadou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Theodoros Stylianides
- Loughborough University, Centre of Innovative and Collaborative Construction Engineering, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Nur Shabrina Amirruddin
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A∗STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Victoria Salem
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK,Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Walter Distaso
- Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew Cakebread
- London Metallomics Facility, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | | | | | - David J. Hodson
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK,Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Linford J. Briant
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Annie C.H. Fung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Richard B. Sessions
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Fabien Alpy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Alice P.S. Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Peter I. Benke
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Mdical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Mdical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A∗STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Michele Solimena
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Dale B. Wigley
- Section of Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK,Corresponding author. +44 (0)20 7594 3340.
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25
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Neo CWY, Ciaramicoli LM, Soetedjo AAP, Teo AKK, Kang NY. A new perspective of probe development for imaging pancreatic beta cell in vivo. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 103:3-13. [PMID: 32057664 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Beta cells assume a fundamental role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis through the secretion of insulin, which is contingent on both beta cell mass and function, in response to elevated blood glucose levels or secretagogues. For this reason, evaluating beta cell mass and function, as well as scrutinizing how they change over time in a diabetic state, are essential prerequisites in elucidating diabetes pathophysiology. Current clinical methods to measure human beta cell mass and/or function are largely lacking, indirect and sub-optimal, highlighting the continued need for noninvasive in vivo beta cell imaging technologies such as optical imaging techniques. While numerous probes have been developed and evaluated for their specificity to beta cells, most of them are more suited to visualize beta cell mass rather than function. In this review, we highlight the distinction between beta cell mass and function, and the importance of developing more probes to measure beta cell function. Additionally, we also explore various existing probes that can be employed to measure beta cell mass and function in vivo, as well as the caveats in probe development for in vivo beta cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Wen Ying Neo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Larissa Miasiro Ciaramicoli
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Alvin Purnomo Soetedjo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore, 138673, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
| | - Nam-Young Kang
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, C5 Building, Room 203, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Kang NY, Lee JY, Lee SH, Song IH, Hwang YH, Kim MJ, Phue WH, Agrawalla BK, Wan SYD, Lalic J, Park SJ, Kim JJ, Kwon HY, Im SH, Bae MA, Ahn JH, Lim CS, Teo AKK, Park S, Kim SE, Lee BC, Lee DY, Chang YT. Multimodal Imaging Probe Development for Pancreatic β Cells: From Fluorescence to PET. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3430-3439. [PMID: 32040300 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are responsible for insulin secretion and are important for glucose regulation in a healthy body and diabetic disease patient without prelabeling of islets. While the conventional biomarkers for diabetes have been glucose and insulin concentrations in the blood, the direct determination of the pancreatic β cell mass would provide critical information for the disease status and progression. By combining fluorination and diversity-oriented fluorescence library strategy, we have developed a multimodal pancreatic β cell probe PiF for both fluorescence and for PET (positron emission tomography). By simple tail vein injection, PiF stains pancreatic β cells specifically and allows intraoperative fluorescent imaging of pancreatic islets. PiF-injected pancreatic tissue even facilitated an antibody-free islet analysis within 2 h, dramatically accelerating the day-long histological procedure without any fixing and dehydration step. Not only islets in the pancreas but also the low background of PiF in the liver allowed us to monitor the intraportal transplanted islets, which is the first in vivo visualization of transplanted human islets without a prelabeling of the islets. Finally, we could replace the built-in fluorine atom in PiF with radioactive 18F and successfully demonstrate in situ PET imaging for pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Young Kang
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Jung Yeol Lee
- New Drug Discovery Center, DGMIF , Daegu 41061 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hwa Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK21 PLUS Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, and Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST) , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK21 PLUS Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, and Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST) , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Wut Hmone Phue
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | | | - Si Yan Diana Wan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Janise Lalic
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Sung-Jin Park
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138667 , Singapore
| | - Jong-Jin Kim
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Haw-Young Kwon
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Im
- Bio &Drug Discovery Division , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Yuseong-Gu , Gajeongro 141 , Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio &Drug Discovery Division , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Yuseong-Gu , Gajeongro 141 , Daejeon 34114 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 61005 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Siang Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138673 , Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) , Singapore 138673 , Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597 , Singapore
| | - Sunyou Park
- New Drug Discovery Center, DGMIF , Daegu 41061 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development , Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development , Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, and BK21 PLUS Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, and Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST) , Hanyang University , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development , Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research , Singapore 138667 , Singapore.,Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
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27
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Loo LSW, Vethe H, Soetedjo AAP, Paulo JA, Jasmen J, Jackson N, Bjørlykke Y, Valdez IA, Vaudel M, Barsnes H, Gygi SP, Raeder H, Teo AKK, Kulkarni RN. Dynamic proteome profiling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors. Stem Cells 2020; 38:542-555. [PMID: 31828876 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive characterization of the molecular processes controlling cell fate decisions is essential to derive stable progenitors and terminally differentiated cells that are functional from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here, we report the use of quantitative proteomics to describe early proteome adaptations during hPSC differentiation toward pancreatic progenitors. We report that the use of unbiased quantitative proteomics allows the simultaneous profiling of numerous proteins at multiple time points, and is a valuable tool to guide the discovery of signaling events and molecular signatures underlying cellular differentiation. We also monitored the activity level of pathways whose roles are pivotal in the early pancreas differentiation, including the Hippo signaling pathway. The quantitative proteomics data set provides insights into the dynamics of the global proteome during the transition of hPSCs from a pluripotent state toward pancreatic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Sai Weng Loo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
| | - Heidrun Vethe
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joanita Jasmen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yngvild Bjørlykke
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivan A Valdez
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald Barsnes
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Helge Raeder
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore.,Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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29
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Kang NY, Soetedjo AAP, Amirruddin NS, Chang YT, Eriksson O, Teo AKK. Tools for Bioimaging Pancreatic β Cells in Diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:708-722. [PMID: 31178230 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
When diabetes is diagnosed, the majority of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells are already dysfunctional or destroyed. This β cell dysfunction/destruction usually takes place over many years, making timely detection and clinical intervention difficult. For this reason, there is immense interest in developing tools to bioimage β cell mass and/or function noninvasively to facilitate early diagnosis of diabetes as well as to assist the development of novel antidiabetic therapies. Recent years have brought significant progress in β cell imaging that is now inching towards clinical applicability. We explore here the need to bioimage human β cells noninvasively in various types of diabetes, and we discuss current and emerging tools for bioimaging β cells. Further developments in this field are expected to facilitate β cell imaging in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Young Kang
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 11 Biopolis Way, 02-02 Helios, 138667, Singapore; New Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Chembok-ro (1115-1 Dongnae-dong), Dong-gu, Daegu City 41061, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Nur Shabrina Amirruddin
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 11 Biopolis Way, 02-02 Helios, 138667, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 77 Hyogok-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-752 36, Sweden
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 138673, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117596, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
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30
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Ng NHJ, Jasmen JB, Lim CS, Lau HH, Krishnan VG, Kadiwala J, Kulkarni RN, Ræder H, Vallier L, Hoon S, Teo AKK. HNF4A Haploinsufficiency in MODY1 Abrogates Liver and Pancreas Differentiation from Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. iScience 2019; 16:192-205. [PMID: 31195238 PMCID: PMC6562146 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 1 (MODY1) is a monogenic diabetes condition caused by heterozygous HNF4A mutations. We investigate how HNF4A haploinsufficiency from a MODY1/HNF4A mutation influences the development of foregut-derived liver and pancreatic cells through differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from a MODY1 family down the foregut lineage. In MODY1-derived hepatopancreatic progenitors, which expressed reduced HNF4A levels and mislocalized HNF4A, foregut genes were downregulated, whereas hindgut-specifying HOX genes were upregulated. MODY1-derived hepatocyte-like cells were found to exhibit altered morphology. Hepatic and β cell gene signatures were also perturbed in MODY1-derived hepatocyte-like and β-like cells, respectively. As mutant HNF4A (p.Ile271fs) did not undergo complete nonsense-mediated decay or exert dominant negativity, HNF4A-mediated loss of function is likely due to impaired transcriptional activation of target genes. Our results suggest that in MODY1, liver and pancreas development is perturbed early on, contributing to altered hepatic proteins and β cell defects in patients. HNF4A is downregulated and predominantly mislocalized in the cytoplasm in MODY1 Foregut markers, pancreatic and hepatic genes, were downregulated in MODY1-HPPs A reciprocal upregulation of hindgut HOX genes was observed in MODY1-HPPs Mutant HNF4A resulted in loss of transcriptional activation of target genes
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Hui Jin Ng
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Joanita Binte Jasmen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Chang Siang Lim
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | | | - Juned Kadiwala
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Lab, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore.
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31
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Dirice E, Kahraman S, De Jesus DF, El Ouaamari A, Basile G, Baker RL, Yigit B, Piehowski PD, Kim MJ, Dwyer AJ, Ng RWS, Schuster C, Vethe H, Martinov T, Ishikawa Y, Teo AKK, Smith RD, Hu J, Haskins K, Serwold T, Qian WJ, Fife BT, Kissler S, Kulkarni RN. Increased β-cell proliferation before immune cell invasion prevents progression of type 1 diabetes. Nat Metab 2019; 1:509-518. [PMID: 31423480 PMCID: PMC6696912 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by pancreatic islet infiltration by autoreactive immune cells and a near-total loss of β-cells1. Restoration of insulin-producing β-cells coupled with immunomodulation to suppress the autoimmune attack has emerged as a potential approach to counter T1D2-4. Here we report that enhancing β-cell mass early in life, in two models of female NOD mice, results in immunomodulation of T-cells, reduced islet infiltration and lower β-cell apoptosis, that together protect them from developing T1D. The animals displayed altered β-cell antigens, and islet transplantation studies showed prolonged graft survival in the NOD-LIRKO model. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from the NOD-LIRKOs prevented development of diabetes in pre-diabetic NOD mice. A significant increase in the splenic CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell (Treg) population was observed to underlie the protected phenotype since Treg depletion rendered NOD-LIRKO mice diabetic. The increase in Tregs coupled with activation of TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway in pathogenic T-cells favored reduced ability to kill β-cells. These data support a previously unidentified observation that initiating β-cell proliferation, alone, prior to islet infiltration by immune cells alters the identity of β-cells, decreases pathologic self-reactivity of effector cells and increases Tregs to prevent progression of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario F. De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology
(GABBA), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto,
Portugal
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rocky L. Baker
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of
Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Burcu Yigit
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul D. Piehowski
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Alexander J. Dwyer
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department
of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Raymond W. S. Ng
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Heidrun Vethe
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tijana Martinov
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department
of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yuki Ishikawa
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Haskins
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of
Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Serwold
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brian T. Fife
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department
of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephan Kissler
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Dirice E, De Jesus DF, Kahraman S, Basile G, Ng RW, El Ouaamari A, Teo AKK, Bhatt S, Hu J, Kulkarni RN. Human duct cells contribute to β cell compensation in insulin resistance. JCI Insight 2019; 4:99576. [PMID: 30996131 PMCID: PMC6538348 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of new sources of β cells is an important endeavor with therapeutic implications for diabetes. Insulin resistance, in physiological states such as pregnancy or in pathological states such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), is characterized by a compensatory increase in β cell mass. To explore the existence of a dynamic β cell reserve, we superimposed pregnancy on the liver-specific insulin receptor-KO (LIRKO) model of insulin resistance that already exhibits β cell hyperplasia and used lineage tracing to track the source of new β cells. Although both control and LIRKO mice displayed increased β cell mass in response to the relative insulin resistance of pregnancy, the further increase in mass in the latter supported a dynamic source that could be traced to pancreatic ducts. Two observations support the translational significance of these findings. First, NOD/SCID-γ LIRKO mice that became pregnant following cotransplantation of human islets and human ducts under the kidney capsule showed enhanced β cell proliferation and an increase in ductal cells positive for transcription factors expressed during β cell development. Second, we identified duct cells positive for immature β cell markers in pancreas sections from pregnant humans and in individuals with T2D. Taken together, during increased insulin demand, ductal cells contribute to the compensatory β cell pool by differentiation/neogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercument Dirice
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Dario F. De Jesus
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Raymond W.S. Ng
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Shweta Bhatt
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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33
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Nguyen L, Chan SY, Teo AKK. Metformin from mother to unborn child - Are there unwarranted effects? EBioMedicine 2018; 35:394-404. [PMID: 30166273 PMCID: PMC6156706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than 40 years, metformin has been used before and during pregnancy. However, it is important to note that metformin can cross the placenta and circulate in the developing foetus. Recent studies reported that the concentration of metformin in foetal cord blood ranges from half to nearly the same concentration as in the maternal plasma. Since metformin has anti-cell growth and pro-apoptotic effects, there are persistent concerns over the use of metformin in early pregnancy. Current human studies are limited by sample size, lack of controls or, short follow-up durations. In this review, we examine the settings in which metformin can be passed on from mother to child during pregnancy and address the current controversies relating to the cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin. Our efforts highlight the need for more data on the effects of metformin on general offspring health as well as further scrutiny into foetal development upon exposure to metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Nguyen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
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34
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Loo LSW, Lau HH, Jasmen JB, Lim CS, Teo AKK. An arduous journey from human pluripotent stem cells to functional pancreatic β cells. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:3-13. [PMID: 28474496 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are caused by a destruction and decrease in the number of functional insulin-producing β cells, respectively; therefore, the generation of functional β cells from human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, collectively known as human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), for potential cell replacement therapy and disease modelling is an intensely investigated area. Recent scientific breakthroughs enabled derivation of large quantities of human pancreatic β-like cells in vitro, although with varied glucose-stimulated insulin secretion kinetics. In the present review, we comprehensively summarize, compare and critically analyze the intricacies of these developing technologies, including differentiation platforms, robustness of protocols, and methodologies used to characterize hPSC-derived β-like cells. We also discuss experimental issues that need to be resolved before these β-like cells can be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Sai Weng Loo
- Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Ageing, Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Ageing, Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanita Binte Jasmen
- Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Ageing, Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chang Siang Lim
- Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Ageing, Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Ageing, Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Amrithraj AI, Kodali A, Nguyen L, Teo AKK, Chang CW, Karnani N, Ng KL, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Stünkel W. Gestational Diabetes Alters Functions in Offspring's Umbilical Cord Cells With Implications for Cardiovascular Health. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2102-2112. [PMID: 28431037 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Because noncommunicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus have their roots in prenatal development and conditions such as maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we aimed to test this hypothesis in primary cells derived from the offspring of mothers with GDM compared with control subjects. We have assessed primary umbilical cord-derived cells such as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells from the offspring of mothers with and without GDM. We have compared the primary isolates in cell-based assays measuring proliferation, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and the ability to support blood vessel growth. We conducted gene expression microarray studies with subsequent pathway analysis and candidate gene validation. We observed striking differences between the two groups, such as lower metabolic rates and impairment of endothelial tube formation in cells with GDM background. HUVECs from subjects with maternal GDM have lower expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-xL, suggesting compromised angiogenic capabilities. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed blood vessel formation as a major pathway enriched in the GDM-derived HUVECs with the surface marker CD44 as a gene underexpressed in the GDM group. Functional validation of CD44 revealed that it regulates tube formation in HUVECs, thereby providing insights into a pathway imprinted in primary umbilical cord-derived cells from GDM offspring. Our data demonstrate that primary cells isolated from the umbilical cord of offspring born to mothers with GDM maintain metabolic and molecular imprints of maternal hyperglycemia, reflecting an increased risk for cardiovascular disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Isaac Amrithraj
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Anjaneyulu Kodali
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673
| | - Cheng Wei Chang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
| | - Kai Lyn Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Walter Stünkel
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 117609
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Teo AKK, Lau HH, Valdez IA, Dirice E, Tjora E, Raeder H, Kulkarni RN. Early Developmental Perturbations in a Human Stem Cell Model of MODY5/HNF1B Pancreatic Hypoplasia. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:357-67. [PMID: 26876668 PMCID: PMC4788763 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with an HNF1BS148L/+ mutation (MODY5) typically exhibit pancreatic hypoplasia. However, the molecular mechanisms are unknown due to inaccessibility of patient material and because mouse models do not fully recapitulate MODY5. Here, we differentiated MODY5 human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into pancreatic progenitors, and show that the HNF1BS148L/+ mutation causes a compensatory increase in several pancreatic transcription factors, and surprisingly, a decrease in PAX6 pancreatic gene expression. The lack of suppression of PDX1, PTF1A, GATA4, and GATA6 indicates that MODY5-mediated pancreatic hypoplasia is mechanistically independent. Overexpression studies demonstrate that a compensatory increase in PDX1 gene expression is due to mutant HNF1BS148L/+ but not wild-type HNF1B or HNF1A. Furthermore, HNF1B does not appear to directly regulate PAX6 gene expression necessary for glucose tolerance. Our results demonstrate compensatory mechanisms in the pancreatic transcription factor network due to mutant HNF1BS148L/+ protein. Thus, patients typically develop MODY5 but not neonatal diabetes despite exhibiting pancreatic hypoplasia. HNF1BS148L/+ mutation elicits a compensatory increase in DE and pancreatic genes MODY5-mediated pancreatic hypoplasia is independent of PDX1, PTF1A, GATA4, and GATA6 HNF1BS148L mutation directly causes a compensatory increase in PDX1 gene expression HNF1BS148L/+ mutation limits PAX6 expression and consequently leads to MODY5
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #06-07, Singapore 138673, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos #06-07, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Ivan Achel Valdez
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Erling Tjora
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Raeder
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Gupta MK, Teo AKK, Rao TN, Bhatt S, Kleinridders A, Shirakawa J, Takatani T, Hu J, De Jesus DF, Windmueller R, Wagers AJ, Kulkarni RN. Excessive Cellular Proliferation Negatively Impacts Reprogramming Efficiency of Human Fibroblasts. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1101-8. [PMID: 26253715 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The impact of somatic cell proliferation rate on induction of pluripotent stem cells remains controversial. Herein, we report that rapid proliferation of human somatic fibroblasts is detrimental to reprogramming efficiency when reprogrammed using a lentiviral vector expressing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and cMYC in insulin-rich defined medium. Human fibroblasts grown in this medium showed higher proliferation, enhanced expression of insulin signaling and cell cycle genes, and a switch from glycolytic to oxidative phosphorylation metabolism, but they displayed poor reprogramming efficiency compared with cells grown in normal medium. Thus, in contrast to previous studies, our work reveals an inverse correlation between the proliferation rate of somatic cells and reprogramming efficiency, and also suggests that upregulation of proteins in the growth factor signaling pathway limits the ability to induce pluripotency in human somatic fibroblasts. SIGNIFICANCE The efficiency with which human cells can be reprogrammed is of interest to stem cell biology. In this study, human fibroblasts cultured in media containing different concentrations of growth factors such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 exhibited variable abilities to proliferate, with consequences on pluripotency. This occurred in part because of changes in the expression of proteins involved in the growth factor signaling pathway, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. These findings have implications for efficient reprogramming of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Gupta
- Sections of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Sections of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tata Nageswara Rao
- Sections of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shweta Bhatt
- Sections of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andre Kleinridders
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, and
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Sections of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tomozumi Takatani
- Sections of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Sections of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Sections of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Windmueller
- Sections of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Sections of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Sections of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
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Teo AKK, Gupta MK, Doria A, Kulkarni RN. Dissecting diabetes/metabolic disease mechanisms using pluripotent stem cells and genome editing tools. Mol Metab 2015; 4:593-604. [PMID: 26413465 PMCID: PMC4563028 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and metabolic syndromes are chronic, devastating diseases with increasing prevalence. Human pluripotent stem cells are gaining popularity in their usage for human in vitro disease modeling. With recent rapid advances in genome editing tools, these cells can now be genetically manipulated with relative ease to study how genes and gene variants contribute to diabetes and metabolic syndromes. SCOPE OF REVIEW We highlight the diabetes and metabolic genes and gene variants, which could potentially be studied, using two powerful technologies - human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and genome editing tools - to aid the elucidation of yet elusive mechanisms underlying these complex diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS hPSCs and the advancing genome editing tools appear to be a timely and potent combination for probing molecular mechanism(s) underlying diseases such as diabetes and metabolic syndromes. The knowledge gained from these hiPSC-based disease modeling studies can potentially be translated into the clinics by guiding clinicians on the appropriate type of medication to use for each condition based on the mechanism of action of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA ; Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore ; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore ; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Section of Epidemiology and Genetics, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Santosa MM, Low BSJ, Pek NMQ, Teo AKK. Knowledge Gaps in Rodent Pancreas Biology: Taking Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Beta Cells into Our Own Hands. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:194. [PMID: 26834702 PMCID: PMC4712272 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of stem cell biology and diabetes, we and others seek to derive mature and functional human pancreatic β cells for disease modeling and cell replacement therapy. Traditionally, knowledge gathered from rodents is extended to human pancreas developmental biology research involving human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). While much has been learnt from rodent pancreas biology in the early steps toward Pdx1(+) pancreatic progenitors, much less is known about the transition toward Ngn3(+) pancreatic endocrine progenitors. Essentially, the later steps of pancreatic β cell development and maturation remain elusive to date. As a result, the most recent advances in the stem cell and diabetes field have relied upon combinatorial testing of numerous growth factors and chemical compounds in an arbitrary trial-and-error fashion to derive mature and functional human pancreatic β cells from hPSCs. Although this hit-or-miss approach appears to have made some headway in maturing human pancreatic β cells in vitro, its underlying biology is vaguely understood. Therefore, in this mini-review, we discuss some of these late-stage signaling pathways that are involved in human pancreatic β cell differentiation and highlight our current understanding of their relevance in rodent pancreas biology. Our efforts here unravel several novel signaling pathways that can be further studied to shed light on unexplored aspects of rodent pancreas biology. New investigations into these signaling pathways are expected to advance our knowledge in human pancreas developmental biology and to aid in the translation of stem cell biology in the context of diabetes treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Mohamad Santosa
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Blaise Su Jun Low
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Nicole Min Qian Pek
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Adrian Kee Keong Teo, ,
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Teo AKK, Valdez IA, Dirice E, Kulkarni RN. Comparable generation of activin-induced definitive endoderm via additive Wnt or BMP signaling in absence of serum. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:5-14. [PMID: 25068117 PMCID: PMC4110751 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into definitive endoderm (DE) and pancreatic cells for in vitro disease modeling and cell replacement therapy. Numerous protocols use fetal bovine serum, which contains poorly defined factors to induce DE formation. Here, we compared Wnt and BMP in their ability to cooperate with Activin signaling to promote DE formation in a chemically defined medium. Varying concentrations of WNT3A, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 inhibitors CHIR99021 and 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime (BIO), and BMP4 could independently co-operate with Activin to effectively induce DE formation even in the absence of serum. Overall, CHIR99021 is favored due to its cost effectiveness. Surprisingly, WNT3A was ineffective in suppressing E-CADHERIN/CDH1 and pluripotency factor gene expression unlike GSK-3 inhibitors or BMP4. Our findings indicate that both Wnt and BMP effectively synergize with Activin signaling to generate DE from hPSCs, although WNT3A requires additional factors to suppress the pluripotency program inherent in hPSCs. High dose of WNT3A cooperates with Activin to induce DE without serum GSK-3 inhibitors, CHIR99021 and BIO, work with Activin to induce DE without serum Wnt and BMP signaling can induce DE with comparable efficiencies without serum WNT3A is not as effective as BMP4, CHIR99021, or BIO in suppressing pluripotency
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ivan Achel Valdez
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Abstract
The landmark discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by Shinya Yamanaka has transformed regenerative biology. Previously, insights into the pathogenesis of chronic human diseases have been hindered by the inaccessibility of patient samples. However, scientists are now able to convert patient fibroblasts into iPSCs and differentiate them into disease-relevant cell types. This ability opens new avenues for investigating disease pathogenesis and designing novel treatments. In this review, we highlight the uses of human iPSCs to uncover the underlying causes and pathological consequences of diabetes and metabolic syndromes, multifactorial diseases whose etiologies have been difficult to unravel using traditional methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Abstract
Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, controlled by multiple protein phosphorylation events, is critical for the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Protein kinase A (PKA) is known to play a role in β cell physiology, but the role of its anchoring protein is not fully understood. Hinke et al (2012) illustrate the significance of A-kinase anchoring protein 150 in tethering protein phosphatase 2B to mediate nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion and thus modulate glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Section of Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Teo AKK, Arnold SJ, Trotter MWB, Brown S, Ang LT, Chng Z, Robertson EJ, Dunn NR, Vallier L. Pluripotency factors regulate definitive endoderm specification through eomesodermin. Genes Dev 2011; 25:238-50. [PMID: 21245162 DOI: 10.1101/gad.607311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling early cell fate decisions in mammals is a major objective toward the development of robust methods for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into clinically relevant cell types. Here, we used human embryonic stem cells and mouse epiblast stem cells to study specification of definitive endoderm in vitro. Using a combination of whole-genome expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses, we established an hierarchy of transcription factors regulating endoderm specification. Importantly, the pluripotency factors NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 have an essential function in this network by actively directing differentiation. Indeed, these transcription factors control the expression of EOMESODERMIN (EOMES), which marks the onset of endoderm specification. In turn, EOMES interacts with SMAD2/3 to initiate the transcriptional network governing endoderm formation. Together, these results provide for the first time a comprehensive molecular model connecting the transition from pluripotency to endoderm specification during mammalian development.
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