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Ryu S, Weber C, Chu PH, Ernest B, Jovanovic VM, Deng T, Slamecka J, Hong H, Jethmalani Y, Baskir HM, Inman J, Braisted J, Hirst MB, Simeonov A, Voss TC, Tristan CA, Singeç I. Stress-free cell aggregation by using the CEPT cocktail enhances embryoid body and organoid fitness. Biofabrication 2023; 16:015016. [PMID: 37972398 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad0d13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Embryoid bodies (EBs) and self-organizing organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulate tissue development in a dish and hold great promise for disease modeling and drug development. However, current protocols are hampered by cellular stress and apoptosis during cell aggregation, resulting in variability and impaired cell differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that EBs and various organoid models (e.g., brain, gut, kidney) can be optimized by using the small molecule cocktail named CEPT (chroman 1, emricasan, polyamines, trans-ISRIB), a polypharmacological approach that ensures cytoprotection and cell survival. Application of CEPT for just 24 h during cell aggregation has long-lasting consequences affecting morphogenesis, gene expression, cellular differentiation, and organoid function. Various qualification methods confirmed that CEPT treatment enhanced experimental reproducibility and consistently improved EB and organoid fitness as compared to the widely used ROCK inhibitor Y-27632. Collectively, we discovered that stress-free cell aggregation and superior cell survival in the presence of CEPT are critical quality control determinants that establish a robust foundation for bioengineering complex tissue and organ models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmi Ryu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Claire Weber
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Ben Ernest
- Rancho Biosciences, 16955 Via Del Campo, #200, San Diego, CA 92127, United States of America
| | - Vukasin M Jovanovic
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Tao Deng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Jaroslav Slamecka
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Hyenjong Hong
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Yogita Jethmalani
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Hannah M Baskir
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Jason Inman
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - John Braisted
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Marissa B Hirst
- Rancho Biosciences, 16955 Via Del Campo, #200, San Diego, CA 92127, United States of America
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Ty C Voss
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Carlos A Tristan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
| | - Ilyas Singeç
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD 20850, United States of America
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2
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Choudhury S, Anne A, Pradhan PP, Mohan KN. Generation of a transgenic mouse embryonic stem cell line overexpressing DNMT1. Stem Cell Res 2023; 71:103141. [PMID: 37320987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
DNMT1 overexpression is reported in disorders like schizophrenia, bipolar, epilepsy and multiple cancer types. Here, we used non-homologous recombination to generate R1Dnmt1WT-1, a mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) line carrying a Dnmt1 cDNA transgene to achieve about two-fold overexpression. This ESC line showed increased transcript levels of Sox2 pluripotency marker. R1Dnmt1WT-1 embryoid bodies showed increased levels of Lefty1 (endoderm), Tbxt and Acta2 (mesoderm), and Pax6 (ectoderm) transcripts. This new line showed normal karyotype and microsatellite profiles making it useful in studying carcinogenesis and abnormal neurogenesis due to DNMT1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Choudhury
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Human Disease Research, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anuhya Anne
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Human Disease Research, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - Purnima P Pradhan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | - K Naga Mohan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India; Centre for Human Disease Research, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India.
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Abou-Jaoude A, Huang CY, Flores JC, Ravichandran M, Lei R, Chrysanthou S, Dawlaty MM. Idax and Rinf facilitate expression of Tet enzymes to promote neural and suppress trophectodermal programs during differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2022; 61:102770. [PMID: 35390758 PMCID: PMC10810145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Inhibitor of disheveled and axin (Idax) and its ortholog the Retinoid inducible nuclear factor (Rinf) are DNA binding proteins with nuclear and cytoplasmic functions. Rinf is expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) where it regulates transcription of the Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) enzymes, promoting neural and suppressing mesendoderm/trophectoderm differentiation. Here, we find that Idax, which is not expressed in ESCs, is induced upon differentiation. Like Rinf, Idax facilitates neural and silences trophectodermal programs. Individual or combined loss of Idax and Rinf led to downregulation of neural and upregulation of trophectoderm markers during differentiation of ESCs to embryoid bodies as well as during directed differentiation of ESCs to neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and trophoblast-like cells. These defects resemble those of Tet-deficient ESCs. Consistently, Tet genes are direct targets of Idax and Rinf, and loss of Idax and Rinf led to downregulation of Tet enzymes during ESC differentiation to NPCs and trophoblast-like cells. While Idax and Rinf single and double knockout (DKO) mice were viable and overtly normal, DKO embryos had reduced expression of several NPC markers in embryonic forebrains and deregulated expression of selected trophoblast markers in placentas. NPCs derived from DKO forebrains had reduced self-renewal while DKO placentas had increased junctional zone and reduced labyrinth layers. Together, our findings establish Idax and Rinf as regulators of Tet enzymes for proper differentiation of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Abou-Jaoude
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Cheng-Yen Huang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Julio C Flores
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mirunalini Ravichandran
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Run Lei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Stephanie Chrysanthou
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Meelad M Dawlaty
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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4
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Abstract
Animal models have provided many insights into ocular development and disease, but they remain suboptimal for understanding human oculogenesis. Eye development requires spatiotemporal gene expression patterns and disease phenotypes can differ significantly between humans and animal models, with patient-associated mutations causing embryonic lethality reported in some animal models. The emergence of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology has provided a new resource for dissecting the complex nature of early eye morphogenesis through the generation of three-dimensional (3D) cellular models. By using patient-specific hiPSCs to generate
in vitro optic vesicle-like models, we can enhance the understanding of early developmental eye disorders and provide a pre-clinical platform for disease modelling and therapeutics testing. A major challenge of
in vitro optic vesicle generation is the low efficiency of differentiation in 3D cultures. To address this, we adapted a previously published protocol of retinal organoid differentiation to improve embryoid body formation using a microwell plate. Established morphology, upregulated transcript levels of known early eye-field transcription factors and protein expression of standard retinal progenitor markers confirmed the optic vesicle/presumptive optic cup identity of
in vitro models between day 20 and 50 of culture. This adapted protocol is relevant to researchers seeking a physiologically relevant model of early human ocular development and disease with a view to replacing animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Eintracht
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Philippa Harding
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Dulce Lima Cunha
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
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Francis HS, Harold CL, Beagrie RA, King AJ, Gosden ME, Blayney JW, Jeziorska DM, Babbs C, Higgs DR, Kassouf MT. Scalable in vitro production of defined mouse erythroblasts. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261950. [PMID: 34995303 PMCID: PMC8741028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can be manipulated in vitro to recapitulate the process of erythropoiesis, during which multipotent cells undergo lineage specification, differentiation and maturation to produce erythroid cells. Although useful for identifying specific progenitors and precursors, this system has not been fully exploited as a source of cells to analyse erythropoiesis. Here, we establish a protocol in which characterised erythroblasts can be isolated in a scalable manner from differentiated embryoid bodies (EBs). Using transcriptional and epigenetic analysis, we demonstrate that this system faithfully recapitulates normal primitive erythropoiesis and fully reproduces the effects of natural and engineered mutations seen in primary cells obtained from mouse models. We anticipate this system to be of great value in reducing the time and costs of generating and maintaining mouse lines in a number of research scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena S. Francis
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L. Harold
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Beagrie
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. King
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew E. Gosden
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph W. Blayney
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Danuta M. Jeziorska
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Babbs
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas R. Higgs
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mira T. Kassouf
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Pereckova J, Pekarova M, Szamecova N, Hoferova Z, Kamarytova K, Falk M, Perecko T. Nitro-Oleic Acid Inhibits Stemness Maintenance and Enhances Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells via STAT3 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189981. [PMID: 34576143 PMCID: PMC8468660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA), pluripotent cell-signaling mediator, was recently described as a modulator of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity. In our study, we discovered new aspects of NO2-OA involvement in the regulation of stem cell pluripotency and differentiation. Murine embryonic stem cells (mESC) or mESC-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) were exposed to NO2-OA or oleic acid (OA) for selected time periods. Our results showed that NO2-OA but not OA caused the loss of pluripotency of mESC cultivated in leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) rich medium via the decrease of pluripotency markers (NANOG, sex-determining region Y-box 1 transcription factor (SOX2), and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4)). The effects of NO2-OA on mESC correlated with reduced phosphorylation of STAT3. Subsequent differentiation led to an increase of the ectodermal marker orthodenticle homolog 2 (Otx2). Similarly, treatment of mESC-derived EBs by NO2-OA resulted in the up-regulation of both neural markers Nestin and β-Tubulin class III (Tubb3). Interestingly, the expression of cardiac-specific genes and beating of EBs were significantly decreased. In conclusion, NO2-OA is able to modulate pluripotency of mESC via the regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation. Further, it attenuates cardiac differentiation on the one hand, and on the other hand, it directs mESC into neural fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pereckova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
| | - Nikoletta Szamecova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Hoferova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
| | - Kristyna Kamarytova
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Falk
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomas Perecko
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Kralovopolska 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.P.); (N.S.); (Z.H.); (K.K.); (M.F.); (T.P.)
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7
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Xu PF, Borges RM, Fillatre J, de Oliveira-Melo M, Cheng T, Thisse B, Thisse C. Construction of a mammalian embryo model from stem cells organized by a morphogen signalling centre. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3277. [PMID: 34078907 PMCID: PMC8172561 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating properly differentiated embryonic structures in vitro from pluripotent stem cells remains a challenge. Here we show that instruction of aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells with an experimentally engineered morphogen signalling centre, that functions as an organizer, results in the development of embryo-like entities (embryoids). In situ hybridization, immunolabelling, cell tracking and transcriptomic analyses show that these embryoids form the three germ layers through a gastrulation process and that they exhibit a wide range of developmental structures, highly similar to neurula-stage mouse embryos. Embryoids are organized around an axial chordamesoderm, with a dorsal neural plate that displays histological properties similar to the murine embryo neuroepithelium and that folds into a neural tube patterned antero-posteriorly from the posterior midbrain to the tip of the tail. Lateral to the chordamesoderm, embryoids display somitic and intermediate mesoderm, with beating cardiac tissue anteriorly and formation of a vasculature network. Ventrally, embryoids differentiate a primitive gut tube, which is patterned both antero-posteriorly and dorso-ventrally. Altogether, embryoids provide an in vitro model of mammalian embryo that displays extensive development of germ layer derivatives and that promises to be a powerful tool for in vitro studies and disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Institute of Genetics and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Jonathan Fillatre
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Maraysa de Oliveira-Melo
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Genetics and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bernard Thisse
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christine Thisse
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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8
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Miller SA, Damle M, Kim J, Kingston RE. Full methylation of H3K27 by PRC2 is dispensable for initial embryoid body formation but required to maintain differentiated cell identity. Development 2021; 148:dev196329. [PMID: 33688077 PMCID: PMC8077505 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) catalyzes methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 and is required for normal development of complex eukaryotes. The nature of that requirement is not clear. H3K27me3 is associated with repressed genes, but the modification is not sufficient to induce repression and, in some instances, is not required. We blocked full methylation of H3K27 with both a small molecule inhibitor, GSK343, and by introducing a point mutation into EZH2, the catalytic subunit of PRC2, in the mouse CJ7 cell line. Cells with substantively decreased H3K27 methylation differentiate into embryoid bodies, which contrasts with EZH2 null cells. PRC2 targets had varied requirements for H3K27me3, with a subset that maintained normal levels of repression in the absence of methylation. The primary cellular phenotype of blocked H3K27 methylation was an inability of altered cells to maintain a differentiated state when challenged. This phenotype was determined by H3K27 methylation in embryonic stem cells through the first 4 days of differentiation. Full H3K27 methylation therefore was not necessary for formation of differentiated cell states during embryoid body formation but was required to maintain a stable differentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Miller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manashree Damle
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jongmin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert E. Kingston
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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9
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Yamamoto N, Hiramatsu N, Ohkuma M, Hatsusaka N, Takeda S, Nagai N, Miyachi EI, Kondo M, Imaizumi K, Horiguchi M, Kubo E, Sasaki H. Novel Technique for Retinal Nerve Cell Regeneration with Electrophysiological Functions Using Human Iris-Derived iPS Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040743. [PMID: 33800535 PMCID: PMC8067101 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine in ophthalmology that uses induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) cells has been described, but those studies used iPS cells derived from fibroblasts. Here, we generated iPS cells derived from iris cells that develop from the same inner layer of the optic cup as the retina, to regenerate retinal nerves. We first identified cells positive for p75NTR, a marker of retinal tissue stem and progenitor cells, in human iris tissue. We then reprogrammed the cultured p75NTR-positive iris tissue stem/progenitor (H-iris stem/progenitor) cells to create iris-derived iPS (H-iris iPS) cells for the first time. These cells were positive for iPS cell markers and showed pluripotency to differentiate into three germ layers. When H-iris iPS cells were pre-differentiated into neural stem/progenitor cells, not all cells became positive for neural stem/progenitor and nerve cell markers. When these cells were pre-differentiated into neural stem/progenitor cells, sorted with p75NTR, and used as a medium for differentiating into retinal nerve cells, the cells differentiated into Recoverin-positive cells with electrophysiological functions. In a different medium, H-iris iPS cells differentiated into retinal ganglion cell marker-positive cells with electrophysiological functions. This is the first demonstration of H-iris iPS cells differentiating into retinal neurons that function physiologically as neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (N.H.); (S.T.); (E.K.); (H.S.)
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +81-762-286-2211
| | - Noriko Hiramatsu
- Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Mahito Ohkuma
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; (M.O.); (E.-i.M.)
| | - Natsuko Hatsusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (N.H.); (S.T.); (E.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Shun Takeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (N.H.); (S.T.); (E.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka 577-8502, Japan;
| | - Ei-ichi Miyachi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; (M.O.); (E.-i.M.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women’s University, Aichi 467-8610, Japan
| | - Masashi Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; (M.K.); (K.I.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Imaizumi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; (M.K.); (K.I.)
| | - Masayuki Horiguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (N.H.); (S.T.); (E.K.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (N.H.); (S.T.); (E.K.); (H.S.)
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10
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Centurione L, Centurione MA, Antonucci I, Sancilio S, Stati G, Stuppia L, Di Pietro R. Human amniotic fluid stem cells are able to form embryoid body-like aggregates which performs specific functions: morphological evidences. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:381-390. [PMID: 33219831 PMCID: PMC8021515 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human second trimester Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells (hAFSCs) harbour the potential to differentiate into cells of each of the three germ layers and to form Embryoid Body (EB)-like aggregates, without inducing teratoma formation and with no ethical concerns. However, in spite of the number of reports on hAFSCs-EBs and their characterization, a thorough evaluation in light and electron microscopy of morphological and morphometric features of hAFSCs-EBs development in vitro has not been reported yet. Apart from a superficial layer of epithelial-like flat cells, displaying rare microvilli on the free surface, hAFSCs-EBs enclose inner material, abundant in vesicles and secretory granules, showing early characteristics of connective extracellular matrix dispersed among different types of inner cells. The observation of a number of microvesicles mainly represented by microparticles and, to a lower extent, by exosomes indicates the presence of a complex cellular communication system within this structure. According to morphological analysis, after 7 days of in vitro culture hAFSCs-EB appears as a well-organized corpuscle, sufficiently young to be a carrier of stemness and at the same time, when appropriately stimulated, able to differentiate. In fact, 7-day hAFSCs-EB represents itself an initial cellular transformation towards a specialized structure both in recording and in providing different stimuli from the surrounding environment, organizing structures and cells towards a differentiation fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Centurione
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Centurione
- StemTeCh Group, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, CNR, Unit of Chieti-Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- StemTeCh Group, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Sancilio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
- StemTeCh Group, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Gianmarco Stati
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
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11
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Abdyyev VK, Sant DW, Kiseleva EV, Spangenberg VE, Kolomiets OL, Andrade NS, Dashinimaev EB, Vorotelyak EA, Vasiliev AV. In vitro derived female hPGCLCs are unable to complete meiosis in embryoid bodies. Exp Cell Res 2020; 397:112358. [PMID: 33160998 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental question about the functionality of in vitro derived human primordial germ cell-like cells remains unanswered, despite ongoing research in this area. Attempts have been made to imitate the differentiation of human primordial germ cells (hPGCs) and meiocytes in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). A defined system for developing human haploid cells in vitro is the challenge that scientists face to advance the knowledge of human germ cell development. To develop human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that are capable of giving rise to haploid cells, we applied a sequential induction protocol via the early mesodermal push of female human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. BMP4-induced early mesoderm-like cells showed significant alterations in their expression profiles toward early (PRDM1 and NANOS3) and late (VASA and DAZL) germ cell markers. Furthermore, using retinoic acid (RA), we induced hPGCLCs in embryoid bodies and identified positive staining for the meiotic initiation marker STRA8. Efforts to find the cells exhibiting progression to meiosis were unsuccessful. The validation by the expression of SCP3 did not correspond to the natural pattern. Regarding the 20-day meiotic induction, the derived hPGCLCs containing two X-chromosomes were unable to complete the meiotic division. We observed the expression of the oocyte marker PIWIL1 and PIWIL4. RNAseq analysis and cluster dendrogram showed a similar clustering of hPGCLC groups and meiotic like cell groups as compared to previously published data. This reproducible in vitro model for deriving hPGCLCs provides opportunities for studying the molecular mechanisms involved in the specification of hPGCs. Moreover, our results will support a further elucidation of gametogenesis and meiosis of female hPGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vepa K Abdyyev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - David W Sant
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ekaterina V Kiseleva
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor E Spangenberg
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana L Kolomiets
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadja S Andrade
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Studies, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Erdem B Dashinimaev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei V Vasiliev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Leventoux N, Morimoto S, Imaizumi K, Sato Y, Takahashi S, Mashima K, Ishikawa M, Sonn I, Kondo T, Watanabe H, Okano H. Human Astrocytes Model Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E2680. [PMID: 33322219 PMCID: PMC7763297 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease modeling has a great potential for uncovering the mechanisms of pathogenesis, especially in the case of neurodegenerative diseases where disease-susceptible cells can usually not be obtained from patients. So far, the iPSC-based modeling of neurodegenerative diseases has mainly focused on neurons because the protocols for generating astrocytes from iPSCs have not been fully established. The growing evidence of astrocytes' contribution to neurodegenerative diseases has underscored the lack of iPSC-derived astrocyte models. In the present study, we established a protocol to efficiently generate iPSC-derived astrocytes (iPasts), which were further characterized by RNA and protein expression profiles as well as functional assays. iPasts exhibited calcium dynamics and glutamate uptake activity comparable to human primary astrocytes. Moreover, when co-cultured with neurons, iPasts enhanced neuronal synaptic maturation. Our protocol can be used for modeling astrocyte-related disease phenotypes in vitro and further exploring the contribution of astrocytes to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Leventoux
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Kent Imaizumi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Yuta Sato
- Keio University Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan;
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako City, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Kyoko Mashima
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Mitsuru Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Iki Sonn
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Takahiro Kondo
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Hirotaka Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (N.L.); (S.M.); (K.I.); (S.T.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (I.S.); (T.K.); (H.W.)
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13
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Desai D, Khanna A, Pethe P. PRC1 catalytic unit RING1B regulates early neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112294. [PMID: 32971117 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are histone modifiers which control gene expression by assembling into large repressive complexes termed - Polycomb repressive complex (PRC); RING1B, core catalytic subunit of PRC1 that performs H2AK119 monoubiquitination leading to gene repression. The role of PRC1 complex during early neural specification in humans is unclear; we have tried to uncover the role of PRC1 in neuronal differentiation using human pluripotent stem cells as an in vitro model. RESULTS We differentiated both human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) towards neural progenitor stage evident from the expression of NESTIN, TUJ1, NCAD, and PAX6. When we checked the total expression of RING1B and BMI1, we saw that they were significantly upregulated in differentiated neural progenitors compared to undifferentiated cells. Further, we used Chromatin Immunoprecipitation coupled with qPCR to determine the localization of RING1B, and the repressive histone modification H2AK119ub1 at the promoters of neuronal specific genes. We observed that RING1B localized to and catalyzed H2AK119ub1 modification at promoters of TUJ1, NCAM, and NESTIN during early differentiation and later RING1B was lost from its promoter leading their expression; while functional RING1B persisted significantly on mature neuronal genes such as IRX3, GSX2, SOX1, NEUROD1 and FOXG1 in neural progenitors. CONCLUSION The results of our study show that PRC1 catalytic component RING1B occupies neuronal gene promoters in human pluripotent stem cells and may prevent their precocious expression. However, when neuronal inductive signals are given, RING1B is not only removed from neuronal gene promoters, but the inhibitory H2AK119ub1 modification is also lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Desai
- Department of Biological Sciences, NMIMS Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (deemed to-be University), Mumbai, 56, India
| | - Aparna Khanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, NMIMS Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (deemed to-be University), Mumbai, 56, India; Centre for Computational Biology & Translational Research, Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasad Pethe
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Lavale, Pune, 15, India.
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14
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Abstract
Embryoid bodies (EBs) resemble self-organizing aggregates of pluripotent stem cells that recapitulate some aspects of early embryogenesis. Within few days, the cells undergo a transition from rather homogeneous epithelial-like pluripotent stem cell colonies into a three-dimensional organization of various cell types with multifaceted cell-cell interactions and lumen formation-a process associated with repetitive epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. In the last few years, culture methods have further evolved to better control EB size, growth, cellular composition, and organization-e.g., by the addition of morphogens or different extracellular matrix molecules. There is a growing perception that the mechanical properties, cell mechanics, and cell signaling during EB development are also influenced by physical cues to better guide lineage specification; substrate elasticity and topography are relevant, as well as shear stress and mechanical strain. Epithelial structures outside and inside EBs support the integrity of the cell aggregates and counteract mechanical stress. Furthermore, hydrogels can be used to better control the organization and lineage-specific differentiation of EBs. In this review, we summarize how EB formation is accompanied by a variety of biomechanical parameters that need to be considered for the directed and reproducible self-organization of early cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Zeevaert
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed H. Elsafi Mabrouk
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman Goetzke
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (K.Z.); (M.H.E.M.)
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering–Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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15
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Nickolls AR, Lee MM, Zukosky K, Mallon BS, Bönnemann CG. Human embryoid bodies as a 3D tissue model of the extracellular matrix and α-dystroglycanopathies. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm042986. [PMID: 32423971 PMCID: PMC7328151 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.042986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal lamina is a specialized sheet of dense extracellular matrix (ECM) linked to the plasma membrane of specific cell types in their tissue context, which serves as a structural scaffold for organ genesis and maintenance. Disruption of the basal lamina and its functions is central to many disease processes, including cancer metastasis, kidney disease, eye disease, muscular dystrophies and specific types of brain malformation. The latter three pathologies occur in the α-dystroglycanopathies, which are caused by dysfunction of the ECM receptor α-dystroglycan. However, opportunities to study the basal lamina in various human disease tissues are restricted owing to its limited accessibility. Here, we report the generation of embryoid bodies from human induced pluripotent stem cells that model the basal lamina. Embryoid bodies cultured via this protocol mimic pre-gastrulation embryonic development, consisting of an epithelial core surrounded by a basal lamina and a peripheral layer of ECM-secreting endoderm. In α-dystroglycanopathy patient embryoid bodies, electron and fluorescence microscopy reveal ultrastructural basal lamina defects and reduced ECM accumulation. By starting from patient-derived cells, these results establish a method for the in vitro synthesis of patient-specific basal lamina and recapitulate disease-relevant ECM defects seen in the α-dystroglycanopathies. Finally, we apply this system to evaluate an experimental ribitol supplement therapy on genetically diverse α-dystroglycanopathy patient samples.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec R Nickolls
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Michelle M Lee
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristen Zukosky
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Barbara S Mallon
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Hwang JW, Desterke C, Féraud O, Richard S, Ferlicot S, Verkarre V, Patard JJ, Loisel-Duwattez J, Foudi A, Griscelli F, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Turhan AG. iPSC-Derived Embryoid Bodies as Models of c- Met-Mutated Hereditary Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194867. [PMID: 31575031 PMCID: PMC6801716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancers with cancer-predisposing mutations represent unique models of human oncogenesis, as a driving oncogenic event is present in germline. Currently, there are no satisfactory models to study these malignancies. We report the generation of IPSC from the somatic cells of a patient with hereditary c-met-mutated papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). From these cells we have generated spontaneous aggregates organizing in structures which expressed kidney markers such as PODXL and Six2. These structures expressed PRCC markers both in vitro and in vivo in NSG mice. Gene-expression profiling showed striking molecular similarities with signatures found in a large cohort of PRCC tumor samples. This analysis, applied to primary cancers with and without c-met mutation, showed overexpression of the BHLHE40 and KDM4C only in the c-met-mutated PRCC tumors, as predicted by c-met-mutated embryoid bodies transcriptome. These data therefore represent the first proof of concept of “hereditary renal cancer in a dish” model using c-met-mutated iPSC-derived embryoid bodies, opening new perspectives for discovery of novel predictive progression markers and for drug-screening for future precision-medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wook Hwang
- INSERM UMR-S 935 and ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Christophe Desterke
- INSERM UMR-S 935 and ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Olivier Féraud
- INSERM UMR-S 935 and ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Stephane Richard
- Réseau National de Référence pour Cancers Rares de l'Adulte PREDIR, labellisé par l'INCa, et Service d'Urologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Génétique Oncologique EPHE, PSL Université, INSERM UMR 1186, Gustave Roussy, Faculté de Médecine et Université Paris-Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Sophie Ferlicot
- INSERM, UMR 1186, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France.
- Department of Pathology, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Virginie Verkarre
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France.
- Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Jean Jacques Patard
- Service d'Urologie, Centre Hospitalier de Mont de Marsan, 40024 Mont de Marsan, France.
| | - Julien Loisel-Duwattez
- INSERM U1195, Université Paris Sud, Faculté de Médecine, APHP, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94276 le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| | - Adlen Foudi
- INSERM UMR-S 935 and ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France.
- ATIP Avenir INSERM UMR-S 935, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Frank Griscelli
- INSERM UMR-S 935 and ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France.
- INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, 94800 Villejuif, France.
- Paris Descartes University, Faculty Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- INSERM UMR-S 935 and ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France.
- INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, 94800 Villejuif, France.
- Division of Hematology, Paris Sud University Hospitals, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 75006, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Ali G Turhan
- INSERM UMR-S 935 and ESTeam Paris Sud, Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France.
- INGESTEM National IPSC Infrastructure, 94800 Villejuif, France.
- Division of Hematology, Paris Sud University Hospitals, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 75006, 94800 Villejuif, France.
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17
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Liang S, Zhou H, Yin N, Lu Y, Faiola F. Embryoid body-based RNA-seq analyses reveal a potential TBBPA multifaceted developmental toxicity. J Hazard Mater 2019; 376:223-232. [PMID: 31129320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The frequent detection of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the human body, especially in umbilical cord serum and breast milk, has raised concerns about TBBPA potential effects on embryonic development. The differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro can serve as a model for the early stages of embryonic development. In this study, we differentiated mouse ESCs via 3D aggregates called embryoid bodies in presence of environment and human relevant TBPPA concentrations for 28 days. We collected samples at different time points and analyzed TBBPA-dependent global gene expression changes by RNA-seq. Our analyses revealed a potential TBBPA multifaceted developmental toxicity with effects on the nervous and cardiac/skeletal muscle systems. Mechanistically, our findings suggest TBBPA endocrine disrupting activities in part via prolactin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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18
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Mellough CB, Collin J, Queen R, Hilgen G, Dorgau B, Zerti D, Felemban M, White K, Sernagor E, Lako M. Systematic Comparison of Retinal Organoid Differentiation from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveals Stage Specific, Cell Line, and Methodological Differences. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:694-706. [PMID: 30916455 PMCID: PMC6591558 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal in the stem cell field is to generate tissues that can be utilized as a universal tool for in vitro models of development and disease, drug development, or as a resource for patients suffering from disease or injury. Great efforts are being made to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells in vitro toward retinal tissue, which is akin to native human retina in its cytoarchitecture and function, yet the numerous existing retinal induction protocols remain variable in their efficiency and do not routinely produce morphologically or functionally mature photoreceptors. Herein, we determine the impact that the method of embryoid body (EB) formation and maintenance as well as cell line background has on retinal organoid differentiation from human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our data indicate that cell line-specific differences dominate the variables that underline the differentiation efficiency in the early stages of differentiation. In contrast, the EB generation method and maintenance conditions determine the later differentiation and maturation of retinal organoids. Of the latter, the mechanical method of EB generation under static conditions, accompanied by media supplementation with Y27632 for the first 48 hours of differentiation, results in the most consistent formation of laminated retinal neuroepithelium containing mature and electrophysiologically responsive photoreceptors. Collectively, our data provide substantive evidence for stage-specific differences in the ability to give rise to laminated retinae, which is determined by cell line-specific differences in the early stages of differentiation and EB generation/organoid maintenance methods at later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B. Mellough
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceLions Eye Institute, University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Joseph Collin
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Rachel Queen
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Gerrit Hilgen
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Birthe Dorgau
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Darin Zerti
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Majed Felemban
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathryn White
- EM Research ServicesNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Evelyne Sernagor
- Institute of NeuroscienceNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUnited Kingdom
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19
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Guo W, Roelink H. Loss of the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Glypican5 Facilitates Long-Range Sonic Hedgehog Signaling. Stem Cells 2019; 37:899-909. [PMID: 30977233 PMCID: PMC8491322 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As a morphogen, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) mediates signaling at a distance from its sites of synthesis. After secretion, Shh must traverse a distance through the extracellular matrix (ECM) to reach the target cells and activate the Hh response. ECM proteins, in particular, the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) of the glypican family, have both negative and positive effects on Shh signaling, all attributed to their ability to bind Shh. Using mouse embryonic stem cell-derived mosaic tissues with compartments that lack the glycosyltransferases Exostosin1 and Exostosin2, or the HSPG core protein Glypican5, we show that Shh accumulates around its source cells when they are surrounded by cells that have a mutated ECM. This accumulation of Shh is correlated with an increased noncell autonomous Shh response. Our results support a model in which Shh presented on the cell surface accumulates at or near ECM that lacks HSPGs, possibly due to the absence of these Shh sequestering molecules. Stem Cells 2019;37:899-909.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Henk Roelink
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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20
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Lin K, Chen R, Zhang L, Zang D, Geng X, Shen W. Transparent Bioreactors Based on Nanoparticle-Coated Liquid Marbles for in Situ Observation of Suspending Embryonic Body Formation and Differentiation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:8789-8796. [PMID: 30511842 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transparent liquid marbles coated with hydrophobic silica nanoparticles were used as micro-bioreactors for embryonic stem cell (ESC) culturing. The high transparency of silica liquid marbles enables real-time and in situ monitoring of embryonic body (EB) formation and differentiation. The experimental result shows that ESCs can aggregate with each other close to the bottom of the liquid marble and form EBs, while remaining suspended in the culture media. The differentiation of the suspending EBs into contractile cardiomyocytes has been demonstrated inside the transparent liquid marbles, which enable the in situ microscopic observation. It was also found, through comparison, that ESCs in a bare sessile drop placed on a superhydrophobic substrate tend to anchor onto the substrate and then differentiate following the normal way of cell spreading, i.e., withdrawal from the cell cycle, fusion with nascent myotubes, and final differentiation into cardiomyocytes. In contrast, liquid marble particle shells weaken the adhesion of spherical EBs to the substrate, encouraging them to differentiate in suspension into cardiomyocytes, without anchoring. The results of this study highlight the promising performance of liquid marbles as "one-pot" micro-bioreactors for EB formation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Lin
- Functional Soft Matter & Materials Group, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Science , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710129 , China
| | | | - Liyuan Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Textile Processing and Clean Production, Science & Technology Institute , Wuhan Textile University , Jiangxia , Hubei 430200 , China
| | - Duyang Zang
- Functional Soft Matter & Materials Group, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Science , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710129 , China
| | - Xingguo Geng
- Functional Soft Matter & Materials Group, MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, School of Science , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710129 , China
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21
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Yang G, Hong H, Torres A, Malloy KE, Roy-Choudhury G, Kim J, Daadi MM. Reference Transcriptome for Deriving Marmoset Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1919:175-186. [PMID: 30656629 PMCID: PMC6605048 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9007-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Limited access to primary tissue from various nonhuman primate (NHP) species represents a significant unmet need that hampers progress in understanding unique cellular diversity and gene regulation of specific tissues and organs in stem cell translational research. Most comparative biology studies have been limited to using postmortem tissue usually frozen specimens with limited utility for research. The generation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from somatic cells, such as adult skin or blood cells, offers an alternative to invasive and ethically controversial interventions for acquiring tissue. Pluripotent iPSCs have virtually an unlimited capacity to proliferate and differentiate into all cell types of the body. We are generating high-quality validated NHP iPSC lines to offer to scientific community and facilitate their research programs. We use the non-integrative episomal vector system to generate iPSCs from NHP skin biopsies. In this chapter we describe the validation of NHP iPSC lines by confirming pluripotency and their propensity to differentiate into all three germ layers ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm according to established standards and measurable limits for a set of marker genes incorporated into a scorecard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hyenjong Hong
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - April Torres
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kristen E Malloy
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, Research Imaging Institute, Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gourav Roy-Choudhury
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marcel M Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Research Imaging Institute, Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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22
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Warkus ELL, Marikawa Y. Fluoxetine Inhibits Canonical Wnt Signaling to Impair Embryoid Body Morphogenesis: Potential Teratogenic Mechanisms of a Commonly Used Antidepressant. Toxicol Sci 2018; 165:372-388. [PMID: 29893963 PMCID: PMC6154268 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine is one of the most commonly prescribed antidepressants in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. Epidemiologic studies have suggested a link between maternal fluoxetine use during pregnancy and an increased incidence of birth defects. However, the mechanisms by which fluoxetine adversely impacts embryonic developments are unknown. Here, we used the mouse P19C5 embryoid body (EB) as a 3D morphogenesis model to investigate the developmental toxicity of fluoxetine. Morphological and molecular changes in P19C5 EBs replicate the processes of axial elongation and patterning seen in early embryos, and these changes are specifically and sensitively altered by exposure to developmental toxicants. Treatment with fluoxetine, or its major metabolite, norfluoxetine, adversely affected EB morphogenesis at concentrations of 6 µM and above. Treatment with other serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin itself did not impair EB morphogenesis, suggesting that the adverse effects of fluoxetine are independent of serotonin signaling. Gene expression analyses showed that various key developmental regulators were affected by fluoxetine, particularly those involved in mesodermal differentiation. Reporter assays demonstrated that fluoxetine inhibited canonical Wnt signaling, and that the pharmacologic activation of canonical Wnt signaling partially alleviated the morphogenetic effects of fluoxetine. Fluoxetine also exhibited cytostatic effects independently of inhibition of the serotonin transporter or canonical Wnt signaling. These results suggest that the SSRI-independent actions of fluoxetine, namely inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling and reduction of cellular proliferation, are largely responsible for the observed adverse morphogenetic impacts. This study provides mechanistic insight for further investigations on the teratogenicity of fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L L Warkus
- Developmental and Reproductive Biology Graduate Program, Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
| | - Yusuke Marikawa
- Developmental and Reproductive Biology Graduate Program, Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813
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23
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Arcidiacono OA, Krejčí J, Suchánková J, Bártová E. Deacetylation of Histone H4 Accompanying Cardiomyogenesis is Weakened in HDAC1-Depleted ES Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082425. [PMID: 30115891 PMCID: PMC6121517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes requires activation of differentiation-specific genes and epigenetic factors that contribute to these physiological processes. This study is focused on the in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) induced into cardiomyocytes. The effects of clinically promising inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACi) on mESC cardiomyogenesis and on explanted embryonic hearts were also analyzed. HDAC1 depletion caused early beating of cardiomyocytes compared with those of the wild-type (wt) counterpart. Moreover, the adherence of embryonic bodies (EBs) was reduced in HDAC1 double knockout (dn) mESCs. The most important finding was differentiation-specific H4 deacetylation observed during cardiomyocyte differentiation of wt mESCs, while H4 deacetylation was weakened in HDAC1-depleted cells induced to the cardiac pathway. Analysis of the effect of HDACi showed that Trichostatin A (TSA) is a strong hyperacetylating agent, especially in wt mESCs, but only SAHA reduced the size of the beating areas in EBs that originated from HDAC1 dn mESCs. Additionally, explanted embryonic hearts (e15) responded to treatment with HDACi: all of the tested HDACi (TSA, SAHA, VPA) increased the levels of H3K9ac, H4ac, H4K20ac, and pan-acetylated lysines in embryonic hearts. This observation shows that explanted tissue can be maintained in a hyperacetylation state several hours after excision, which appears to be useful information from the view of transplantation strategy and the maintenance of gene upregulation via acetylation in tissue intended for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Angelo Arcidiacono
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Krejčí
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Suchánková
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Bártová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
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24
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Chen CY, Lanz RB, Walkey CJ, Chang WH, Lu W, Johnson DL. Maf1 and Repression of RNA Polymerase III-Mediated Transcription Drive Adipocyte Differentiation. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1852-1864. [PMID: 30110641 PMCID: PMC6138453 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase (pol) III transcribes a variety of small untranslated RNAs involved in transcription, RNA processing, and translation. RNA pol III and its components are altered in various human developmental disorders, yet their roles in cell fate determination and development are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Maf1, a transcriptional repressor, promotes induction of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) into mesoderm. Reduced Maf1 expression in mESCs and preadipocytes impairs adipogenesis, while ectopic Maf1 expression in Maf1-deficient cells enhances differentiation. RNA pol III repression by chemical inhibition or knockdown of Brf1 promotes adipogenesis. Altered RNA pol III-dependent transcription produces select changes in mRNAs with a significant enrichment of adipogenic gene signatures. Furthermore, RNA pol III-mediated transcription positively regulates long non-coding RNA H19 and Wnt6 expression, established adipogenesis inhibitors. Together, these studies reveal an important and unexpected function for RNA pol III-mediated transcription and Maf1 in mesoderm induction and adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and the Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rainer B Lanz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and the Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Walkey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and the Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Hsuan Chang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wange Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah L Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and the Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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25
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Tronser T, Demir K, Reischl M, Bastmeyer M, Levkin PA. Droplet microarray: miniaturized platform for rapid formation and high-throughput screening of embryoid bodies. Lab Chip 2018; 18:2257-2269. [PMID: 29978866 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are influenced by various factors present in their in vivo microenvironment, such as interactions with neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix or soluble molecules. This demonstrates the high complexity of the in vivo microenvironment. Hence, many advances have been made in developing 3D screening models mimicking this complexity and the in vivo-like state in order to ensure more biomedically relevant investigations in drug discovery. In the field of stem cell research embryoid bodies are often used as relevant 3D systems. Embryoid bodies are embryonic stem cell aggregates that recapitulate the early embryonic development and that can differentiate into derivatives of the three germ layers. Embryoid bodies enable the investigation of processes underlying embryonic development, tissue generation and identification of drugs with developmental toxicity. The ability to perform high-throughput screenings using embryoid bodies could be extremely important to accelerate the progress in the field of stem cell research and embryonic development. To date, there are no simple methods to create high-density microarrays of embryoid bodies that further enable their high-throughput screening important for biomedical research. Here we demonstrate a new method that enables formation and high-throughput screening of embryoid bodies in arrays of defined, separated microdroplets. Using the superhydrophobic-hydrophilic micropattern of the droplet microarray, we demonstrate rapid and facile one-step formation of a dense array of multiple droplets containing homogeneous, single embryoid bodies. Thorough characterization of the influence of the initial cell number on embryoid body size, roundness and distribution was performed. We applied the embryoid body microarray to screen 774 FDA-approved compounds, identifying compounds with developmental toxicity such as mycophenolate mofetil or embryonic lethality such as eptifibatide. This work demonstrates the potential of the droplet microarray for the rapid formation of high-density microarrays of single embryoid bodies and their high-throughput drug screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Tronser
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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26
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Acharya A, Brungs S, Henry M, Rotshteyn T, Singh Yaduvanshi N, Wegener L, Jentzsch S, Hescheler J, Hemmersbach R, Boeuf H, Sachinidis A. Modulation of Differentiation Processes in Murine Embryonic Stem Cells Exposed to Parabolic Flight-Induced Acute Hypergravity and Microgravity. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:838-847. [PMID: 29630478 PMCID: PMC5995265 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic developmental studies under microgravity conditions in space are very limited. To study the effects of short-term altered gravity on embryonic development processes, we exposed mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to phases of hypergravity and microgravity and studied the differentiation potential of the cells using wide-genome microarray analysis. During the 64th European Space Agency's parabolic flight campaign, mESCs were exposed to 31 parabolas. Each parabola comprised phases lasting 22 s of hypergravity, microgravity, and a repeat of hypergravity. On different parabolas, RNA was isolated for microarray analysis. After exposure to 31 parabolas, mESCs (P31 mESCs) were further differentiated under normal gravity (1 g) conditions for 12 days, producing P31 12-day embryoid bodies (EBs). After analysis of the microarrays, the differentially expressed genes were analyzed using different bioinformatic tools to identify developmental and nondevelopmental biological processes affected by conditions on the parabolic flight experiment. Our results demonstrated that several genes belonging to GOs associated with cell cycle and proliferation were downregulated in undifferentiated mESCs exposed to gravity changes. However, several genes belonging to developmental processes, such as vasculature development, kidney development, skin development, and to the TGF-β signaling pathway, were upregulated. Interestingly, similar enriched and suppressed GOs were obtained in P31 12-day EBs compared with ground control 12-day EBs. Our results show that undifferentiated mESCs exposed to alternate hypergravity and microgravity phases expressed several genes associated with developmental/differentiation and cell cycle processes, suggesting a transition from the undifferentiated pluripotent to a more differentiated stage of mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviseka Acharya
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Brungs
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Margit Henry
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Rotshteyn
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nirmala Singh Yaduvanshi
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucia Wegener
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Jentzsch
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Helene Boeuf
- INSERM-U1026, BioTis, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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27
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Allison TF, Andrews PW, Avior Y, Barbaric I, Benvenisty N, Bock C, Brehm J, Brüstle O, Damjanov I, Elefanty A, Felkner D, Gokhale PJ, Halbritter F, Healy LE, Hu TX, Knowles BB, Loring JF, Ludwig TE, Mayberry R, Micallef S, Mohamed JS, Müller FJ, Mummery CL, Nakatsuji N, Ng ES, Oh SKW, O’Shea O, Pera MF, Reubinoff B, Robson P, Rossant J, Schuldt BM, Solter D, Sourris K, Stacey G, Stanley EG, Suemori H, Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Assessment of established techniques to determine developmental and malignant potential of human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1925. [PMID: 29765017 PMCID: PMC5954055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Stem Cell Initiative compared several commonly used approaches to assess human pluripotent stem cells (PSC). PluriTest predicts pluripotency through bioinformatic analysis of the transcriptomes of undifferentiated cells, whereas, embryoid body (EB) formation in vitro and teratoma formation in vivo provide direct tests of differentiation. Here we report that EB assays, analyzed after differentiation under neutral conditions and under conditions promoting differentiation to ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm lineages, are sufficient to assess the differentiation potential of PSCs. However, teratoma analysis by histologic examination and by TeratoScore, which estimates differential gene expression in each tumor, not only measures differentiation but also allows insight into a PSC's malignant potential. Each of the assays can be used to predict pluripotent differentiation potential but, at this stage of assay development, only the teratoma assay provides an assessment of pluripotency and malignant potential, which are both relevant to the pre-clinical safety assessment of PSCs.
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28
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El Ayachi I, Zhang J, Zou XY, Li D, Yu Z, Wei W, O’Connell KM, Huang GTJ. Human dental stem cell derived transgene-free iPSCs generate functional neurons via embryoid body-mediated and direct induction methods. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e1836-e1851. [PMID: 29139614 PMCID: PMC6482049 DOI: 10.1002/term.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) give rise to neural stem/progenitor cells, serving as a good source for neural regeneration. Here, we established transgene-free (TF) iPSCs from dental stem cells (DSCs) and determined their capacity to differentiate into functional neurons in vitro. Generated TF iPSCs from stem cells of apical papilla and dental pulp stem cells underwent two methods-embryoid body-mediated and direct induction, to guide TF-DSC iPSCs along with H9 or H9 Syn-GFP (human embryonic stem cells) into functional neurons in vitro. Using the embryoid body-mediated method, early stage neural markers PAX6, SOX1, and nestin were detected by immunocytofluorescence or reverse transcription-real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). At late stage of neural induction measured at Weeks 7 and 9, the expression levels of neuron-specific markers Nav1.6, Kv1.4, Kv4.2, synapsin, SNAP25, PSD95, GAD67, GAP43, and NSE varied between stem cells of apical papilla iPSCs and H9. For direct induction method, iPSCs were directly induced into neural stem/progenitor cells and guided to become neuron-like cells. The direct method, while simpler, showed cell detachment and death during the differentiation process. At early stage, PAX6, SOX1 and nestin were detected. At late stage of differentiation, all five genes tested, nestin, βIII-tubulin, neurofilament medium chain, GFAP, and Nav, were positive in many cells in cultures. Both differentiation methods led to neuron-like cells in cultures exhibiting sodium and potassium currents, action potential, or spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic potential. Thus, TF-DSC iPSCs are capable of undergoing guided neurogenic differentiation into functional neurons in vitro, thereby may serve as a cell source for neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikbale El Ayachi
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ying Zou
- Department of Endodontics, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zongdong Yu
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Kristen M.S. O’Connell
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - George T.-J. Huang
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Endodontics, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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29
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Altshuler A, Verbuk M, Bhattacharya S, Abramovich I, Haklai R, Hanna JH, Kloog Y, Gottlieb E, Shalom-Feuerstein R. RAS Regulates the Transition from Naive to Primed Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1088-1101. [PMID: 29456180 PMCID: PMC5918191 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from naive to primed state of pluripotent stem cells is hallmarked by epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, and changes in the epigenetic landscape. Since these changes are also seen as putative hallmarks of neoplastic cell transformation, we hypothesized that oncogenic pathways may be involved in this process. We report that the activity of RAS is repressed in the naive state of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and that all three RAS isoforms are significantly activated upon early differentiation induced by LIF withdrawal, embryoid body formation, or transition to the primed state. Forced expression of active RAS and RAS inhibition have shown that RAS regulates glycolysis, CADHERIN expression, and the expression of repressive epigenetic marks in pluripotent stem cells. Altogether, this study indicates that RAS is located at a key junction of early ESC differentiation controlling key processes in priming of naive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Altshuler
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Mila Verbuk
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Swarnabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Ifat Abramovich
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Roni Haklai
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- The Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yoel Kloog
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Ruby Shalom-Feuerstein
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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30
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Katayama S, Morii A, Makanga JO, Suzuki T, Miyata N, Inazu T. HDAC8 regulates neural differentiation through embryoid body formation in P19 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:45-51. [PMID: 29499194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation and deacetylation correlate with diverse biological phenomena through gene transcription. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate deacetylation of histones and other proteins. However, as a member of the HDAC family, HDAC8 function during neurodevelopment is currently unknown. Therefore, we investigated HDAC8 function during neurodevelopment by examining embryoid body (EB) formation in P19 cells. HDAC8-selective inhibitor (NCC-149) (HDAC8i)-treated cells showed smaller EBs than non-treated cells, as well as reduced expression levels of the neuronal marker, NeuN. Additionally, HDAC8i treatment led to inhibition of cellular proliferation by G2/M phase accumulation and downregulated cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 gene expression. Furthermore, two independent HDAC8 knockout cell lines were established by CRISPR-Cas9, which resulted in smaller EBs, similar to HDAC8i-treated cells. These results suggest that HDAC8 regulates neural differentiation by exerting control of EB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syouichi Katayama
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Atsushi Morii
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Juliet O Makanga
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyata
- Institute of Drug Discovery Science, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Inazu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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31
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Alvisi G, Trevisan M, Masi G, Canel V, Caenazzo L, Nespeca P, Barzon L, Di Iorio E, Barbaro V, Palù G. Generation of a transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cell line (UNIPDi001-A) from oral mucosa epithelial stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2018; 28:177-180. [PMID: 29547871 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oral mucosa epithelial stem cells (hOMESCs) were obtained from a fresh oral biopsy collected from a healthy subject at the Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto (FBOV). An integration-free reprogramming protocol was applied exploiting episomal plasmids transfected into cells using a Nucleofector device. Around day 20 post transfection, several human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) colonies were manually picked and expanded. One of these (UNIPDi001-A-hiPSCs) expressed undifferentiated state marker alkaline phosphatase along with a panel of pluripotency state markers and was able to differentiate into the derivatives of all the three germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gualtiero Alvisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Trevisan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy.
| | - Giulia Masi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Vanessa Canel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Luciana Caenazzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nespeca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Luisa Barzon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Enzo Di Iorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Vanessa Barbaro
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto, 30174 Venice, Italy
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
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32
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Burr S, Caldwell A, Chong M, Beretta M, Metcalf S, Hancock M, Arno M, Balu S, Kropf VL, Mistry RK, Shah AM, Mann GE, Brewer AC. Oxygen gradients can determine epigenetic asymmetry and cellular differentiation via differential regulation of Tet activity in embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:1210-1226. [PMID: 29186571 PMCID: PMC5814828 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Graded levels of molecular oxygen (O2) exist within developing mammalian embryos and can differentially regulate cellular specification pathways. During differentiation, cells acquire distinct epigenetic landscapes, which determine their function, however the mechanisms which regulate this are poorly understood. The demethylation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is achieved via successive oxidation reactions catalysed by the Ten-Eleven-Translocation (Tet) enzymes, yielding the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) intermediate. These require O2 as a co-factor, and hence may link epigenetic processes directly to O2 gradients during development. We demonstrate that the activities of Tet enzymes display distinct patterns of [O2]-dependency, and that Tet1 activity, specifically, is subject to differential regulation within a range of O2 which is physiologically relevant in embryogenesis. Further, differentiating embryonic stem cells displayed a transient burst of 5hmC, which was both dependent upon Tet1 and inhibited by low (1%) [O2]. A GC-rich promoter region within the Tet3 locus was identified as a significant target of this 5mC-hydroxylation. Further, this region was shown to associate with Tet1, and display the histone epigenetic marks, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, which are characteristic of a bivalent, developmentally 'poised' promoter. We conclude that Tet1 activity, determined by [O2] may play a critical role in regulating cellular differentiation and fate in embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Burr
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Anna Caldwell
- King's Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Mei Chong
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Matteo Beretta
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Stephen Metcalf
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Matthew Hancock
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Matthew Arno
- King's Genomic Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Sucharitha Balu
- King's Genomic Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Valeria Leon Kropf
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Rajesh K Mistry
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Alison C Brewer
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Cardiology, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Abstract
In this chapter, we describe a method for the induction of stomach organoids from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We used an embryoid body-based differentiation method to induce gastric primordial epithelium covered with mesenchyme and further differentiate it in Matrigel by 3D culture. The differentiated organoid contains both corpus- and antrum-specific mature gastric tissue cells. This protocol may be useful for a variety of studies in developmental biology and disease modeling of the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-Aki K Noguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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34
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Wang S, Yin Z, Zhao B, Qi Y, Liu J, Rahimi SA, Lee LY, Li S. Microgravity simulation activates Cdc42 via Rap1GDS1 to promote vascular branch morphogenesis during vasculogenesis. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:157-165. [PMID: 29145128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gravity plays an important role in normal tissue maintenance. The ability of stem cells to repair tissue loss in space through regeneration and differentiation remains largely unknown. To investigate the impact of microgravity on blood vessel formation from pluripotent stem cells, we employed the embryoid body (EB) model for vasculogenesis and simulated microgravity by clinorotation. We first differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells into cystic EBs containing two germ layers and then analyzed vessel formation under clinorotation. We observed that endothelial cell differentiation was slightly reduced under clinorotation, whereas vascular branch morphogenesis was markedly enhanced. EB-derived endothelial cells migrated faster, displayed multiple cellular processes, and had higher Cdc42 and Rac1 activity when subjected to clinorotation. Genetic analysis and rescue experiments demonstrated that Cdc42 but not Rac1 is required for microgravity-induced vascular branch morphogenesis. Furthermore, affinity pull-down assay and mass spectrometry identified Rap1GDS1 to be a Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which was upregulated by clinorotation. shRNA-mediated knockdown of Rap1GDS1 selectively suppressed Cdc42 activation and inhibited both baseline and microgravity-induced vasculogenesis. This was rescued by ectopic expression of constitutively active Cdc42. Taken together, these results support the notion that simulated microgravity activates Cdc42 via Rap1GDS1 to promote vascular branch morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouli Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing 306 Hospital, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zhao Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing 306 Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing 306 Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanmei Qi
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Saum A Rahimi
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Leonard Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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35
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Suchorska WM, Augustyniak E, Richter M, Trzeciak T. Comparison of Four Protocols to Generate Chondrocyte-Like Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs). Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:299-308. [PMID: 27987073 PMCID: PMC5380716 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) are a promising approach to regenerative medicine, with the potential to treat numerous orthopedic disorders, including osteo-degenerative diseases. The development of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has increased the potential of SCs for new treatments. However, current methods of differentiating hiPSCs into chondrocyte-like cells are suboptimal and better methods are needed. The aim of the present study was to assess four different chondrogenic differentiation protocols to identify the most efficient method of generating hiPSC-derived chondrocytes. For this study, hiPSCs were obtained from primary human dermal fibroblasts (PHDFs) and differentiated into chondrocyte-like cells using four different protocols: 1) monolayer culture with defined growth factors (GF); 2) embryoid bodies (EBs) in a chondrogenic medium with TGF-β3 cells; 3) EBs in chondrogenic medium conditioned with human chondrocytes (HC-402-05a cell line) and 4) EBs in chondrogenic medium conditioned with human chondrocytes and supplemented with TGF-β3. The cells obtained through these four protocols were evaluated and compared at the mRNA and protein levels. Although chondrogenic differentiation of hiPSCs was successfully achieved with all of these protocols, the two fastest and most cost-effective methods were the monolayer culture with GFs and the medium conditioned with human chondrocytes. Both of these methods are superior to other available techniques. The main advantage of the conditioned medium is that the technique is relatively simple and inexpensive while the directed method (i.e., monolayer culture with GFs) is faster than any protocol described to date because it is does not require additional steps such as EB formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Maria Suchorska
- Radiobiology Lab, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61- 866, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewelina Augustyniak
- Radiobiology Lab, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61- 866, Poznan, Poland.
- The Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Richter
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Trzeciak
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545, Poznan, Poland
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36
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Li R, Sun L, Fang A, Li P, Wu Q, Wang X. Recapitulating cortical development with organoid culture in vitro and modeling abnormal spindle-like (ASPM related primary) microcephaly disease. Protein Cell 2017; 8:823-833. [PMID: 29058117 PMCID: PMC5676597 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a cerebral organoid culture in vitro offers an opportunity to generate human brain-like organs to investigate mechanisms of human disease that are specific to the neurogenesis of radial glial (RG) and outer radial glial (oRG) cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ) of the developing neocortex. Modeling neuronal progenitors and the organization that produces mature subcortical neuron subtypes during early stages of development is essential for studying human brain developmental diseases. Several previous efforts have shown to grow neural organoid in culture dishes successfully, however we demonstrate a new paradigm that recapitulates neocortical development process with VZ, OSVZ formation and the lamination organization of cortical layer structure. In addition, using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with dysfunction of the Aspm gene from a primary microcephaly patient, we demonstrate neurogenesis defects result in defective neuronal activity in patient organoids, suggesting a new strategy to study human developmental diseases in central nerve system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Le Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100069, China.
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37
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Cinghu S, Yang P, Kosak JP, Conway AE, Kumar D, Oldfield AJ, Adelman K, Jothi R. Intragenic Enhancers Attenuate Host Gene Expression. Mol Cell 2017; 68:104-117.e6. [PMID: 28985501 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic gene transcription is regulated at many steps, including RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment, transcription initiation, promoter-proximal Pol II pause release, and transcription termination; however, mechanisms regulating transcription during productive elongation remain poorly understood. Enhancers, which activate gene transcription, themselves undergo Pol II-mediated transcription, but our understanding of enhancer transcription and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) remains incomplete. Here we show that transcription at intragenic enhancers interferes with and attenuates host gene transcription during productive elongation. While the extent of attenuation correlates positively with nascent eRNA expression, the act of intragenic enhancer transcription alone, but not eRNAs, explains the attenuation. Through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions, we demonstrate a physiological role for intragenic enhancer-mediated transcription attenuation in cell fate determination. We propose that intragenic enhancers not only enhance transcription of one or more genes from a distance but also fine-tune transcription of their host gene through transcription interference, facilitating differential utilization of the same regulatory element for disparate functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Cinghu
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Justin P Kosak
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Amanda E Conway
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Dhirendra Kumar
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Andrew J Oldfield
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Karen Adelman
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Raja Jothi
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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38
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Mandal C, Kim SH, Kang SC, Chai JC, Lee YS, Jung KH, Chai YG. GSK-J4-Mediated Transcriptomic Alterations in Differentiating Embryoid Bodies. Mol Cells 2017; 40:737-751. [PMID: 29047260 PMCID: PMC5682251 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone-modifying enzymes are key players in the field of cellular differentiation. Here, we used GSK-J4 to profile important target genes that are responsible for neural differentiation. Embryoid bodies were treated with retinoic acid (10 μM) to induce neural differentiation in the presence or absence of GSK-J4. To profile GSKJ4-target genes, we performed RNA sequencing for both normal and demethylase-inhibited cells. A total of 47 and 58 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively, after GSK-J4 exposure at a log2-fold-change cut-off value of 1.2 (p-value < 0.05). Functional annotations of all of the differentially expressed genes revealed that a significant number of genes were associated with the suppression of cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression and induction of cell death. We also identified an enrichment of potent motifs in selected genes that were differentially expressed. Additionally, we listed upstream transcriptional regulators of all of the differentially expressed genes. Our data indicate that GSK-J4 affects cellular biology by inhibiting cellular proliferation through cell cycle suppression and induction of cell death. These findings will expand the current understanding of the biology of histone-modifying enzymes, thereby promoting further investigations to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Mandal
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588,
Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588,
Korea
| | - Sung Chul Kang
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588,
Korea
| | - Jin Choul Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588,
Korea
| | - Young Seek Lee
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588,
Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Jung
- Institute of Natural Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588,
Korea
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588,
Korea
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
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39
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Parasar P, Sacha CR, Ng N, McGuirk ER, Chinthala S, Ozcan P, Lindsey J, Salas S, Laufer MR, Missmer SA, Anchan RM. Differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells express markers of human endometrium. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:52. [PMID: 28716123 PMCID: PMC5514487 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modeling early endometrial differentiation is a crucial step towards understanding the divergent pathways between normal and ectopic endometrial development as seen in endometriosis. METHODS To investigate these pathways, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and embryoid bodies (EBs) were differentiated in standard EB medium (EBM). Immunofluorescence (IF) staining and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect expression of human endometrial cell markers on differentiating cells, which were sorted into distinct populations using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). RESULTS A subpopulation (50%) of early differentiating mESCs expressed both glandular (CD9) and stromal (CD13) markers of human endometrium, suggestive of a novel endometrial precursor cell population. We further isolated a small population of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells, CD45-/CD146+/PDGFR-β+, from differentiating EBs, representing 0.7% of total cells. Finally, quantitative PCR demonstrated significantly amplified expression of transcription factors Hoxa10 and Foxa2 in CD13+ EBs isolated by FACS (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that mESCs have the capacity to express human endometrial cell markers and demonstrate potential differentiation pathways of endometrial precursor and mesenchymal stem cells, providing an in vitro system to model early endometrial tissue development. This model represents a key step in elucidating the mechanisms of ectopic endometrial tissue growth. Such a system could enable the development of strategies to prevent endometriosis and identify approaches for non-invasive monitoring of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Parasar
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, 333 and 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - C. R. Sacha
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - N. Ng
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - E. R. McGuirk
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - S. Chinthala
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Ozcan
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - J. Lindsey
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - S. Salas
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - M. R. Laufer
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, 333 and 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Gynecology, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - S. A. Missmer
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, 333 and 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - R. M. Anchan
- Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children’s and Brigham and Women’s Hospitals, 333 and 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Danziger SA, Miller LR, Singh K, Whitney GA, Peskind ER, Li G, Lipshutz RJ, Aitchison JD, Smith JJ. An indicator cell assay for blood-based diagnostics. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178608. [PMID: 28594877 PMCID: PMC5464608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have established proof of principle for the Indicator Cell Assay Platform™ (iCAP™), a broadly applicable tool for blood-based diagnostics that uses specifically-selected, standardized cells as biosensors, relying on their innate ability to integrate and respond to diverse signals present in patients' blood. To develop an assay, indicator cells are exposed in vitro to serum from case or control subjects and their global differential response patterns are used to train reliable, disease classifiers based on a small number of features. In a feasibility study, the iCAP detected pre-symptomatic disease in a murine model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with 94% accuracy (p-Value = 3.81E-6) and correctly identified samples from a murine Huntington's disease model as non-carriers of ALS. Beyond the mouse model, in a preliminary human disease study, the iCAP detected early stage Alzheimer's disease with 72% cross-validated accuracy (p-Value = 3.10E-3). For both assays, iCAP features were enriched for disease-related genes, supporting the assay's relevance for disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Danziger
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Leslie R. Miller
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Karanbir Singh
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Elaine R. Peskind
- Northwest Network (VISN-20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs (VA) Puget Sound Health Care System (VA Puget Sound), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Lipshutz
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- PreCyte Inc., Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - John D. Aitchison
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Smith
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA, United States of America
- PreCyte Inc., Seattle, WA, United States of America
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41
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Lach MS, Wroblewska JP, Augustyniak E, Kulcenty K, Suchorska WM. A feeder- and xeno-free human induced pluripotent stem cell line obtained from primary human dermal fibroblasts with epigenetic repression of reprogramming factors expression: GPCCi001-A. Stem Cell Res 2017; 20:34-37. [PMID: 28395738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary human dermal fibroblasts (PHDFs) from breast cancer patient were obtained to generate the human induced pluripotent stem cell line GPCCi001-A via lentiviral transfection. Thus, a modified EF1a-hSTEMCCA-loxP with tetO operator which regulates transgene expression was used. This method takes advantage of epigenetic regulation of transcription and allows for stable silencing of the reprogramming factors in obtained hiPS cells. To increase the potential utility of hiPSCs for clinical applications, they were adapted to feeder- and xeno-free conditions. The pluripotency of GPCCi001-A cell line and ability to differentiate into three germ layers was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Stefan Lach
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna P Wroblewska
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewelina Augustyniak
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw University of Medical Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulcenty
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland; Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wiktoria Maria Suchorska
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland; Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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42
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Baud A, Wessely F, Mazzacuva F, McCormick J, Camuzeaux S, Heywood WE, Little D, Vowles J, Tuefferd M, Mosaku O, Lako M, Armstrong L, Webber C, Cader MZ, Peeters P, Gissen P, Cowley SA, Mills K. Multiplex High-Throughput Targeted Proteomic Assay To Identify Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2440-2448. [PMID: 28192931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells have great potential as a human model system in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening. However, their use in medical research is hampered by laborious reprogramming procedures that yield low numbers of induced pluripotent stem cells. For further applications in research, only the best, competent clones should be used. The standard assays for pluripotency are based on genomic approaches, which take up to 1 week to perform and incur significant cost. Therefore, there is a need for a rapid and cost-effective assay able to distinguish between pluripotent and nonpluripotent cells. Here, we describe a novel multiplexed, high-throughput, and sensitive peptide-based multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry assay, allowing for the identification and absolute quantitation of multiple core transcription factors and pluripotency markers. This assay provides simpler and high-throughput classification into either pluripotent or nonpluripotent cells in 7 min analysis while being more cost-effective than conventional genomic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Baud
- Centre for Translational Omics, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Wessely
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University , Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Mazzacuva
- Centre for Translational Omics, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - James McCormick
- Centre for Translational Omics, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Camuzeaux
- Centre for Translational Omics, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy E Heywood
- Centre for Translational Omics, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Little
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London , London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Vowles
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford , Oxford, OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Olukunbi Mosaku
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London , London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University , Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Caleb Webber
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University , Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - M Zameel Cader
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford, OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter Peeters
- Janssen Research and Development , Beerse, 2340, Belgium
| | - Paul Gissen
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London , London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A Cowley
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford , Oxford, OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
- James Martin Stem Cell Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Mills
- Centre for Translational Omics, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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de Souza JS, Carromeu C, Torres LB, Araujo BHS, Cugola FR, Maciel RM, Muotri AR, Giannocco G. IGF1 neuronal response in the absence of MECP2 is dependent on TRalpha 3. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:270-281. [PMID: 28007906 PMCID: PMC6075524 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder in which the MECP2 (methyl CpG-binding protein 2) gene is mutated. Recent studies showed that RTT-derived neurons have many cellular deficits when compared to control, such as: less synapses, lower dendritic arborization and reduced spine density. Interestingly, treatment of RTT-derived neurons with Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) could rescue some of these cellular phenotypes. Given the critical role of IGF1 during neurodevelopment, the present study used human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from RTT and control individuals to investigate the gene expression profile of IGF1 and IGF1R on different developmental stages of differentiation. We found that the thyroid hormone receptor (TRalpha 3) has a differential expression profile. Thyroid hormone is critical for normal brain development. Our results showed that there is a possible link between IGF1/IGF1R and the TRalpha 3 and that over expression of IGF1R in RTT cells may be the cause of neurites improvement in neural RTT-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina S. de Souza
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cassiano Carromeu
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laila B. Torres
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bruno H. S. Araujo
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R. Cugola
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rui M.B. Maciel
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alysson R. Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Translational Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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44
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Cardano M, Marsoner F, Zasso J, Marcatili M, Karnavas T, Lanterna LA, Conti L. Establishment of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from an 8-year old female patient with ischemic Moyamoya disease. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:619-622. [PMID: 27934593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from an 8-year old female patient affected by ischemic Moyamoya disease (MMD). Patient's PBMCs were reprogrammed using Sendai virus particles delivering the four Yamanaka factors. The footprint free hiPSC line expressed the major pluripotency markers and exhibited a normal karyotype. Cells were competent to give rise to progeny of differentiated cells belonging to the 3 germ layers. This hiPSC line represents a good tool to in vitro model MMD in order to shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cardano
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology-CIBIO, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Fabio Marsoner
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology-CIBIO, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Jacopo Zasso
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology-CIBIO, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Marcatili
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology-CIBIO, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Mental Health, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Thodoris Karnavas
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, San Raffaele University and Research Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi Andrea Lanterna
- Department of Neuroscience and Surgery of the Nervous System, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Luciano Conti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology-CIBIO, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy.
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45
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Afzal MZ, Gartz M, Klyachko EA, Khan SS, Shah SJ, Gupta S, Shapiro AD, Vaughan DE, Strande JL. Generation of human iPSCs from urine derived cells of patient with a novel heterozygous PAI-1 mutation. Stem Cell Res 2016; 18:41-44. [PMID: 28395801 PMCID: PMC5939958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line under feeder-free culture conditions using the urine derived cells (UCs) collected from subjects heterozygous for a novel Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mutation. The Sendai Virus (SeV) vector encoding pluripotent Yamanaka transcription factors was used at a low multiplicity of infection to reprogram the PAI-1 UCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Afzal
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Melanie Gartz
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ekaterina A Klyachko
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sadiya Sana Khan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sweta Gupta
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Amy D Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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46
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Xiong K, Zhou Y, Hyttel P, Bolund L, Freude KK, Luo Y. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) stably expressing CRISPR-based synergistic activation mediator (SAM). Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:665-669. [PMID: 27934604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human fibroblasts were engineered to express the CRISPR-based synergistic activation mediator (SAM) complex: dCas9-VP64 and MS2-P65-HSF1. Two induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) clones expressing SAM were established by transducing these fibroblasts with lentivirus expressing OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and C-MYC. We have validated that the reprogramming cassette is silenced in the SAM iPSC clones. Expression of pluripotency genes (OCT4, SOX2, LIN28A, NANOG, GDF3, SSEA4, and TRA-1-60), differentiation potential to all three germ layers, and normal karyotypes are validated. These SAM-iPSCs provide a novel, useful tool to investigate genetic regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation through CRISPR-mediated activation of endogenous genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Yan Zhou
- Danish Regenerative Engineering Alliance for Medicine (DREAM), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lars Bolund
- Danish Regenerative Engineering Alliance for Medicine (DREAM), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kristine Karla Freude
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 7, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Danish Regenerative Engineering Alliance for Medicine (DREAM), Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Alle 4, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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47
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Afzal MZ, Gartz M, Klyachko EA, Khan SS, Shah SJ, Gupta S, Shapiro AD, Vaughan DE, Strande JL. Generation of human iPSCs from urine derived cells of a patient with a novel homozygous PAI-1 mutation. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:657-660. [PMID: 27934602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line under feeder-free culture conditions using the urine derived cells (UCs) collected from subject with a novel homozygous Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1 null) mutation. The Sendai virus (SeV) vector encoding pluripotent Yamanaka transcription factors was used at a low multiplicity of infection to reprogram the PAI-1 UCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Afzal
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Melanie Gartz
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ekaterina A Klyachko
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sadiya Sana Khan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sweta Gupta
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Amy D Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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48
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Talavera-Adame D, Woolcott OO, Ignatius-Irudayam J, Arumugaswami V, Geller DH, Dafoe DC. Effective endothelial cell and human pluripotent stem cell interactions generate functional insulin-producing beta cells. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2378-2386. [PMID: 27567623 PMCID: PMC5506104 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Endothelial cells (ECs) play an essential role in pancreatic organogenesis. We hypothesise that effective in vitro interactions between human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) results in the generation of functional pancreatic beta cells. METHODS Embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from hPSCs were cultured alone (controls) or with ECs in collagen gels. Subsequently, cells were analysed for pancreatic beta cell markers, and then isolated and expanded. Insulin secretion in response to glucose was evaluated in vitro by static and dynamic (perifusion) assays, and in vivo by EB transplantation into immunodeficient mice. RESULTS Co-cultured EBs had a higher expression of mature beta cells markers and enhanced insulin secretion in vitro, compared with controls. In mice, transplanted EBs had higher levels of human C-peptide secretion with a significant reduction in hyperglycaemia after the selective destruction of native pancreatic beta cells. In addition, there was significant in vitro upregulation of bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP-2, 4) in co-cultured cells, compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION ECs provide essential signalling in vitro, such as activation of the BMP pathway, for derivation of functional insulin-producing beta cells from hPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dodanim Talavera-Adame
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8900 Beverly Boulevard, 251E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Orison O Woolcott
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Ignatius-Irudayam
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8900 Beverly Boulevard, 251E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David H Geller
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donald C Dafoe
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8900 Beverly Boulevard, 251E, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kawala MA, Bohndorf M, Graffmann N, Wruck W, Zatloukal K, Adjaye J. Characterization of dermal fibroblast-derived iPSCs from a patient with high grade steatosis. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:568-571. [PMID: 27789412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary fibroblasts from a high grade steatosis patient were reprogrammed by transduction of retroviruses OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC and KLF4. IPSCs were characterized by immunocytochemistry, embryoid body-formation, DNA-fingerprint, karyotype analysis and comparative transcriptome analyses with the human embryonic stem cell line H1 revealed a Pearsons correlation coefficient of 0.9287. Resource table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ann Kawala
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Bohndorf
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Graffmann
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Rao Y, Cui J, Yin L, Liu W, Liu W, Sun M, Yan X, Wang L, Chen F. Preclinical study of mouse pluripotent parthenogenetic embryonic stem cell derivatives for the construction of tissue-engineered skin equivalent. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:156. [PMID: 27770834 PMCID: PMC5075200 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonic stem cell (ESC) derivatives hold great promise for the construction of tissue-engineered skin equivalents (TESE). However, harvesting of ESCs destroys viable embryos and may lead to political and ethical concerns over their application. In the current study, we directed mouse parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (pESCs) to differentiate into fibroblasts, constructed TESE, and evaluated its function in vivo. METHODS The stemness marker expression and the pluripotent differentiation ability of pESCs were tested. After embryoid body (EB) formation and adherence culture, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were enriched and directed to differentiate into fibroblastic lineage. Characteristics of derived fibroblasts were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. Functional ability of the constructed TESE was tested by a mouse skin defects repair model. RESULTS Mouse pESCs expressed stemness marker and could form teratoma containing three germ layers. MSCs could be enriched from outgrowths of EBs and directed to differentiate into fibroblastic lineage. These cells express a high level of growth factors including FGF, EGF, VEGF, TGF, PDGF, and IGF1, similar to those of ESC-derived fibroblasts and mouse fibroblasts. Seeded into collagen gels, the fibroblasts derived from pESCs could form TESE. Mouse skin defects could be successfully repaired 15 days after transplantation of TESE constructed by fibroblasts derived from pESCs. CONCLUSIONS pESCs could be induced to differentiate into fibroblastic lineage, which could be applied to the construction of TESE and skin defect repair. Particularly, pESC derivatives avoid the limitations of political and ethical concerns, and provide a promising source for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Rao
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Taibai North Rd 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihong Cui
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Taibai North Rd 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710069 People’s Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Taibai North Rd 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Yin
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Taibai North Rd 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Taibai North Rd 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Taibai North Rd 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Sun
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Taibai North Rd 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Yan
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Taibai North Rd 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710069 People’s Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Taibai North Rd 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Taibai North Rd 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Taibai North Rd 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710069 People’s Republic of China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Northwest University, Taibai North Rd 229, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710069 People’s Republic of China
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