1
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Véniant MM, Lu SC, Atangan L, Komorowski R, Stanislaus S, Cheng Y, Wu B, Falsey JR, Hager T, Thomas VA, Ambhaikar M, Sharpsten L, Zhu Y, Kurra V, Jeswani R, Oberoi RK, Parnes JR, Honarpour N, Neutel J, Strande JL. A GIPR antagonist conjugated to GLP-1 analogues promotes weight loss with improved metabolic parameters in preclinical and phase 1 settings. Nat Metab 2024; 6:290-303. [PMID: 38316982 PMCID: PMC10896721 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health crisis. Multi-specific peptides have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for clinical weight loss. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are endogenous incretins that regulate weight through their receptors (R). AMG 133 (maridebart cafraglutide) is a bispecific molecule engineered by conjugating a fully human monoclonal anti-human GIPR antagonist antibody to two GLP-1 analogue agonist peptides using amino acid linkers. Here, we confirm the GIPR antagonist and GLP-1R agonist activities in cell-based systems and report the ability of AMG 133 to reduce body weight and improve metabolic markers in male obese mice and cynomolgus monkeys. In a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study in participants with obesity ( NCT04478708 ), AMG 133 had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile along with pronounced dose-dependent weight loss. In the multiple ascending dose cohorts, weight loss was maintained for up to 150 days after the last dose. These findings support continued clinical evaluation of AMG 133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle M Véniant
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
| | - Shu-Chen Lu
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Larissa Atangan
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Renee Komorowski
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Shanaka Stanislaus
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Bin Wu
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - James R Falsey
- Amgen Research, Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Todd Hager
- Amgen Research, Department of Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Veena A Thomas
- Amgen Research, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Malhar Ambhaikar
- Pre-pivotal Drug Substance Technologies, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Yineng Zhu
- Amgen Early Development, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Vamsi Kurra
- Amgen Research, Department of Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Rohini Jeswani
- Amgen Research, Department of Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Jane R Parnes
- Amgen Early Development, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Joel Neutel
- Orange County Research Center, Tustin, CA, USA
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2
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Thareja SK, Anfinson M, Cavanaugh M, Kim MS, Lamberton P, Radandt J, Brown R, Liang HL, Stamm KD, Afzal MZ, Strande JL, Frommelt MA, Lough JW, Fitts RH, Mitchell ME, Tomita-Mitchell A. Altered Contractility, Ca 2+ Transients, and Cell Morphology Seen in a Patient-Specific iPSC-CM Model of Ebstein's Anomaly with Left Ventricular Noncompaction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37204873 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00658.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with two congenital heart diseases (CHDs), Ebstein's anomaly (EA) and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), suffer higher morbidity than either CHD alone. The genetic etiology and pathogenesis of combined EA/LVNC remain largely unknown. We investigated a familial EA/LVNC case associated with a variant (p.R237C) in the gene encoding kelch-like protein 26 (KLHL26) by differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from affected and unaffected family members into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and assessing iPSC-CM morphology, function, gene expression, and protein abundance. In comparison with unaffected iPSC-CMs, CMs containing the KLHL26 (p.R237C) variant exhibited aberrant morphology including distended endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) and dysmorphic mitochondria, and aberrant function that included decreased contractions per minute, altered calcium transients, and increased proliferation. Pathway enrichment analyses based on RNASeq data indicated that the "structural constituent of muscle" pathway was suppressed, while the "ER lumen" pathway was activated. Taken together, these findings suggest that iPSC-CMs containing this KLHL26 (p.R237C) variant develop dysregulated ER/SR, calcium signaling, contractility, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma K Thareja
- Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Melissa Anfinson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Matthew Cavanaugh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Min-Su Kim
- Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Peter Lamberton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jackson Radandt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ryan Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Huan-Ling Liang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Karl D Stamm
- Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Afzal
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michele A Frommelt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Herma Heart Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - John W Lough
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Robert H Fitts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael E Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Herma Heart Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Aoy Tomita-Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Congenital Heart Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Herma Heart Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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3
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Gartz M, Haberman M, Prom MJ, Beatka MJ, Strande JL, Lawlor MW. A Long-Term Study Evaluating the Effects of Nicorandil Treatment on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy-Associated Cardiomyopathy in mdx Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2022; 27:10742484221088655. [PMID: 35353647 DOI: 10.1177/10742484221088655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease caused by dystrophin gene mutations affecting striated muscle. Due to advances in skeletal muscle treatment, cardiomyopathy has emerged as a leading cause of death. Previously, nicorandil, a drug with antioxidant and nitrate-like properties, ameliorated cardiac damage and improved cardiac function in young, injured mdx mice. Nicorandil mitigated damage by stimulating antioxidant activity and limiting pro-oxidant expression. Here, we examined whether nicorandil was similarly cardioprotective in aged mdx mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Nicorandil (6 mg/kg) was given over 15 months. Echocardiography of mdx mice showed some functional defects at 12 months compared to wild-type (WT) mice, but not at 15 months. Disease manifestation was evident in mdx mice via treadmill assays and survival, but not open field and grip strength assays. Cardiac levels of SOD2 and NOX4 were decreased in mdx vs. WT. Nicorandil increased survival in mdx but did not alter cardiac function, fibrosis, diaphragm function or muscle fatigue. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to our prior work in young, injured mdx mice, nicorandil did not exert cardioprotective effects in 15 month aged mdx mice. Discordant findings may be explained by the lack of cardiac disease manifestation in aged mdx mice compared to WT, whereas significant cardiac dysfunction was previously seen with the sub-acute injury in young mice. Therefore, we are not able to conclude any cardioprotective effects with long-term nicorandil treatment in aging mdx mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gartz
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Research Center, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Margaret Haberman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Neuroscience Research Center, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mariah J Prom
- Neuroscience Research Center, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Margaret J Beatka
- Neuroscience Research Center, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Cardiovascular Research Center, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Neuroscience Research Center, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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4
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Gartz M, Strande JL. Optimizing the Differentiation of Cardiomyocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent-Derived Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2319:51-60. [PMID: 34331242 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1480-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a worldwide health issue that affects millions of lives every year, and thus, researchers are in need of high-throughput model systems with which to investigate mechanisms of disease and to develop and test potential therapies. The use of human-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiated into cardiomyocytes aims to address this need. While cardiac differentiation protocols have been established previously in iPSCs, optimization of cardiac differentiation remains crucial to obtaining high quality cardiomyocytes for future experimental analyses. Important factors to consider include cell density and rate of proliferation, temporal regulation of media changes throughout the differentiation process, and the concentration of the chemicals utilized. In this chapter, we present a detailed protocol to outline the process of differentiating cardiomyocytes from human iPSCs via modulation of Wnt signaling, characterization of cardiomyocytes by immunofluorescence, as well as guidelines for troubleshooting and optimizing these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gartz
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Neuroscience Research Center; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Neuroscience Research Center; Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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5
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Gartz M, Beatka M, Prom MJ, Strande JL, Lawlor MW. Cardiomyocyte-produced miR-339-5p mediates pathology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy cardiomyopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2347-2361. [PMID: 34270708 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disease characterized by severe, progressive muscle wasting. Cardiomyopathy has emerged as a leading cause of death in patients with DMD. The mechanisms contributing to DMD cardiac disease remain under investigation and specific therapies available are lacking. Our prior work has shown that DMD-iPSC derived cardiomyocytes (DMD-iCMs) are vulnerable to oxidative stress injury and chronic exposure to DMD secreted exosomes impaired the cell's ability to protect against stress. In this study, we sought to examine a mechanism by which DMD cardiac exosomes impair cellular response through altering important stress-responsive genes in the recipient cells. Here, we report that DMD-iCMs secrete exosomes containing altered microRNA (miR) profiles in comparison to healthy controls. In particular, miR-339-5p was upregulated in DMD-iCMs, DMD exosomes, and in mdx mouse cardiac tissue. Restoring dystrophin in DMD-iCMs improved the cellular response to stress and was associated with downregulation of miR-339-5p, suggesting that it is disease-specific. Knockdown of miR-339-5p was associated with increased expression of MDM2, GSK3A and MAP2K3, which are genes involved in important stress-responsive signaling pathways. Finally, knockdown of miR-339-5p led to mitochondrial protection and a reduction in cell death in DMD-iCMs, indicating miR-339-5p is involved in direct modulation of stress-responsiveness. Together, these findings identify a potential mechanism by which exosomal miR-339-5p may be modulating cell signaling pathways which are important for robust stress responses. Additionally, these exosomal miRs may provide important disease specific targets for future therapeutic advancements for the management and diagnosis of DMD cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gartz
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Margaret Beatka
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Mariah J Prom
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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6
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Khan SS, Shah SJ, Strande JL, Baldridge AS, Flevaris P, Puckelwartz MJ, McNally EM, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Lee DC, Carr JC, Benefield BC, Afzal MZ, Heiman M, Gupta S, Shapiro AD, Vaughan DE. Identification of Cardiac Fibrosis in Young Adults With a Homozygous Frameshift Variant in SERPINE1. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:841-846. [PMID: 33439236 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.6909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Importance Cardiac fibrosis is exceedingly rare in young adults. Identification of genetic variants that cause early-onset cardiomyopathy may inform novel biological pathways. Experimental models and a single case report have linked genetic deficiency of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a downstream target of cardiac transforming growth factor β, with cardiac fibrosis. Objective To perform detailed cardiovascular phenotyping and genotyping in young adults from an Amish family with a frameshift variant (c.699_700dupTA) in SERPINE1, the gene that codes for PAI-1. Design, Setting, and Participants This observational study included participants from 3 related nuclear families from an Amish community in the primary analysis and participants from the extended family in the secondary analysis. Participants were recruited from May 2015 to December 2016, and analysis took place from June 2015 to June 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures (1) Multimodality cardiovascular imaging (transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging), (2) whole-exome sequencing, and (3) induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Results Among 17 participants included in the primary analysis, the mean (interquartile range) age was 23.7 (20.9-29.9) years and 9 individuals (52.9%) were confirmed to be homozygous for the SERPINE1 c.699_700dupTA variant. Late gadolinium enhancement was present in 6 of 9 homozygous participants (67%) with absolute PAI-1 deficiency vs 0 of 8 in the control group (P = .001). Late gadolinium enhancement patterns tended to be dense and linear, usually subepicardial but also midmyocardial and transmural with noncoronary distributions. Targeted whole-exome sequencing analysis identified that homozygosity for c.699_700dupTA SERPINE1 was the only shared pathogenic variant or variant of uncertain significance after examination of cardiomyopathy genes among those with late gadolinium enhancement. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from participants homozygous for the SERPINE1 c.699_700dupTA variant exhibited susceptibility to cardiomyocyte injury in response to angiotensin II (increased transforming growth factor β1 secretion and release of lactate dehydrogenase) compared with control induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. In a secondary analysis based on echocardiography in 155 individuals across 3 generations in the extended family, no difference in global longitudinal strain was observed in carriers for the SERPINE1 c.699_700dupTA variant compared with wild-type participants, supporting an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, a highly penetrant, autosomal recessive, cardiac fibrosis phenotype among young adults with homozygous frameshift variant for SERPINE1 was identified, suggesting an optimal range of PAI-1 levels are needed for cardiac homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya S Khan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Associate Editor, JAMA Cardiology
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Abigail S Baldridge
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Panagiotis Flevaris
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Megan J Puckelwartz
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James C Carr
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brandon C Benefield
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Afzal
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Meadow Heiman
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis
| | - Sweta Gupta
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis
| | - Amy D Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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7
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Sullivan RT, Lam NT, Haberman M, Beatka MJ, Afzal MZ, Lawlor MW, Strande JL. Cardioprotective effect of nicorandil on isoproterenol induced cardiomyopathy in the Mdx mouse model. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:302. [PMID: 34130633 PMCID: PMC8207777 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) associated cardiomyopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In an in vitro DMD cardiomyocyte model, nicorandil reversed stress-induced cell injury through multiple pathways implicated in DMD. We aimed to test the efficacy of nicorandil on the progression of cardiomyopathy in mdx mice following a 10-day treatment protocol. METHODS A subset of mdx mice was subjected to low-dose isoproterenol injections over 5 days to induce a cardiac phenotype and treated with vehicle or nicorandil for 10 days. Baseline and day 10 echocardiograms were obtained to assess cardiac function. At 10 days, cardiac tissue was harvested for further analysis, which included histologic analysis and assessment of oxidative stress. Paired student's t test was used for in group comparison, and ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons. RESULTS Compared to vehicle treated mice, isoproterenol decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening on echocardiogram. Nicorandil prevented isoproterenol induced cardiac dysfunction. Isoproterenol increased cardiac fibrosis, which nicorandil prevented. Isoproterenol increased gene expression of NADPH oxidase, which decreased to baseline with nicorandil treatment. Superoxide dismutase 2 protein expression increased in those treated with nicorandil, and xanthine oxidase activity decreased in mice treated with nicorandil during isoproterenol stress compared to all other groups. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, nicorandil is cardioprotective in mdx mice and warrants continued investigation as a therapy for DMD associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel T Sullivan
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Ngoc T Lam
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Margaret Haberman
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Margaret J Beatka
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Muhammad Z Afzal
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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8
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Lam NT, Gartz M, Thomas L, Haberman M, Strande JL. Influence of microRNAs and exosomes in muscle health and diseases. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2020; 41:269-284. [PMID: 31564031 PMCID: PMC7101267 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs are short, (18-22 nt) non-coding RNAs involved in important cellular processes due to their ability to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Exosomes are small (50-200 nm) extracellular vesicles, naturally secreted from a variety of living cells and are believed to mediate cell-cell communication through multiple mechanisms, including uptake in destination cells. Circulating microRNAs and exosome-derived microRNAs can have key roles in regulating muscle cell development and differentiation. Several microRNAs are highly expressed in muscle and their regulation is important for myocyte homeostasis. Changes in muscle associated microRNA expression are associated with muscular diseases including muscular dystrophies, inflammatory myopathies, and congenital myopathies. In this review, we aim to highlight the biology of microRNAs and exosomes as well as their roles in muscle health and diseases. We also discuss the potential crosstalk between skeletal and cardiac muscle through exosomes and their contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thien Lam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Melanie Gartz
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Leah Thomas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Margaret Haberman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Medical College of Wisconsin, CVC/MEB 4679, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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9
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Gartz M, Lin CW, Sussman MA, Lawlor MW, Strande JL. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) cardiomyocyte-secreted exosomes promote the pathogenesis of DMD-associated cardiomyopathy. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/11/dmm045559. [PMID: 33188007 PMCID: PMC7673361 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of early mortality in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). There is a need to gain a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis for the development effective therapies. Exosomes (exo) are secreted vesicles and exert effects via their RNA, lipid and protein cargo. The role of exosomes in disease pathology is unknown. Exosomes derived from stem cells have demonstrated cardioprotection in the murine DMD heart. However, it is unknown how the disease status of the donor cell type influences exosome function. Here, we sought to determine the phenotypic responses of DMD cardiomyocytes (DMD-iCMs) after long-term exposure to DMD cardiac exosomes (DMD-exo). DMD-iCMs were vulnerable to stress, evidenced by production of reactive oxygen species, the mitochondrial membrane potential and cell death levels. Long-term exposure to non-affected exosomes (N-exo) was protective. By contrast, long-term exposure to DMD-exo was not protective, and the response to stress improved with inhibition of DMD-exo secretion in vitro and in vivo The microRNA (miR) cargo, but not exosome surface peptides, was implicated in the pathological effects of DMD-exo. Exosomal surface profiling revealed N-exo peptides associated with PI3K-Akt signaling. Transcriptomic profiling identified unique changes with exposure to either N- or DMD-exo. Furthermore, DMD-exo miR cargo regulated injurious pathways, including p53 and TGF-beta. The findings reveal changes in exosomal cargo between healthy and diseased states, resulting in adverse outcomes. Here, DMD-exo contained miR changes, which promoted the vulnerability of DMD-iCMs to stress. Identification of these molecular changes in exosome cargo and effectual phenotypes might shed new light on processes underlying DMD cardiomyopathy.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gartz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego Heart Institute and Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA .,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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10
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Bergom C, Rubenstein J, Wilson JF, Welsh A, Ibrahim ESH, Prior P, Schottstaedt AM, Eastwood D, Zhang MJ, Currey A, Puckett L, Strande JL, Bradley JA, White J. A Pilot Study of Cardiac MRI in Breast Cancer Survivors After Cardiotoxic Chemotherapy and Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:506739. [PMID: 33178571 PMCID: PMC7596658 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.506739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES Node-positive breast cancer patients often receive chemotherapy and regional nodal irradiation. The cardiotoxic effects of these treatments, however, may offset some of the survival benefit. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is an emerging modality to assess cardiac injury. This is a pilot trial assessing cardiac damage using CMR in patients who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) regional nodal irradiation using heart constraints. MATERIALS AND METHODS Node-positive breast cancer patients (2000-2008) treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy and 3DCRT regional nodal irradiation (including the internal mammary chain nodes) with heart ventricular constraints (V25 < 10%) were invited to participate. Cardiac tissues were contoured and analyzed separately for whole heart (pericardium) and for combined ventricles and left atrium (myocardium). CMR obtained ventricular function/dimensions, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) as measures of cardiac injury and/or early fibrosis. CMR parameters were correlated with dose-volume constraints using Spearman correlations. RESULTS Fifteen left-sided and five right-sided patients underwent CMR. Median diagnosis age was 50 (32-77). No patients had baseline cardiac disease before regional nodal irradiation. Median time after 3DCRT was 8.3 years (5.2-14.4). Median left-sided mean heart dose (MHD) was 4.8 Gy (1.1-11.2) and V25 was 5.7% (0-12%). Median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 63%. No abnormal LGE was observed. No correlations were seen between whole heart doses and LVEF, LV mass, GLS, or LV dimensions. Increasing ECV did not correlate with increased heart or ventricular doses. However, correlations between higher LV mass and ventricular mean dose, V10, and V25 were seen. CONCLUSION At a median follow-up of 8.3 years, this cohort of node-positive breast cancer patients who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy and regional nodal irradiation had no clinically abnormal CMR findings. However, correlations between ventricular mean dose, V10, and V25 and LV mass were seen. Larger corroborating studies that include advanced techniques for measuring regional heart mechanics are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jason Rubenstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - J. Frank Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Aimee Welsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - El-Sayed H. Ibrahim
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Phillip Prior
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Daniel Eastwood
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Mei-Jie Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Adam Currey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Lindsay Puckett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Strande
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Julie A. Bradley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Julia White
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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11
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Kaptein YE, Karagodin I, Zuo H, Lu Y, Zhang J, Kaptein JS, Strande JL. Identifying Phenogroups in patients with subclinical diastolic dysfunction using unsupervised statistical learning. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:367. [PMID: 32795252 PMCID: PMC7427922 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subclinical diastolic dysfunction is a precursor for developing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); yet not all patients progress to HFpEF. Our objective was to evaluate clinical and echocardiographic variables to identify patients who develop HFpEF. METHODS Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic data were retrospectively collected for 81 patients without HF and 81 matched patients with HFpEF at the time of first documentation of subclinical diastolic dysfunction. Density-based clustering or hierarchical clustering to group patients was based on 65 total variables including 19 categorical and 46 numerical variables. Logistic regression analysis was conducted on the entire study population as well as each individual cluster to identify independent predictors of HFpEF. RESULTS Unsupervised clustering identified 3 subgroups which differed in gender composition, severity of cardiac hypertrophy and aortic stenosis, NT-proBNP, percentage of patients who progressed to HFpEF, and timing of disease progression from diastolic dysfunction to HFpEF to death. Clusters that had higher percentages of women had progressively milder cardiac hypertrophy, less severe aortic stenosis, lower NT-proBNP, were diagnosed at an older age with HFpEF, and survived to an older age. Independent predictors of HFpEF for the entire cohort included diabetes, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, and diuretic use, with additional predictive variables found for each cluster. CONCLUSIONS Cluster analysis can identify phenotypically distinct subgroups of patients with diastolic dysfunction. Clusters differ in HFpEF and mortality outcome. In addition, the variables that correlate with and predict HFpEF outcome differ among clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne E Kaptein
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora St Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
| | - Ilya Karagodin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Hongquan Zuo
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Yu Lu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
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12
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Thirugnanam K, Cossette SM, Lu Q, Chowdhury SR, Harmann LM, Gupta A, Spearman AD, Sonin DL, Bordas M, Kumar SN, Pan AY, Simpson PM, Strande JL, Bishop E, Zou M, Ramchandran R. Cardiomyocyte-Specific Snrk Prevents Inflammation in the Heart. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012792. [PMID: 31718444 PMCID: PMC6915262 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The SNRK (sucrose-nonfermenting-related kinase) enzyme is critical for cardiac function. However, the underlying cause for heart failure observed in Snrk cardiac conditional knockout mouse is unknown. Methods and Results Previously, 6-month adult mice knocked out for Snrk in cardiomyocytes (CMs) displayed left ventricular dysfunction. Here, 4-month adult mice, on angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion, show rapid decline in cardiac systolic function, which leads to heart failure and death in 2 weeks. These mice showed increased expression of nuclear factor κ light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), inflammatory signaling proteins, proinflammatory proteins in the heart, and fibrosis. Interestingly, under Ang II infusion, mice knocked out for Snrk in endothelial cells did not show significant systolic or diastolic dysfunction. Although an NF-κB inflammation signaling pathway was increased in Snrk knockout endothelial cells, this did not lead to fibrosis or mortality. In hearts of adult mice knocked out for Snrk in CMs, we also observed NF-κB pathway activation in CMs, and an increased presence of Mac2+ macrophages was observed in basal and Ang II-infused states. In vitro analysis of Snrk knockdown HL-1 CMs revealed similar upregulation of the NF-κB signaling proteins and proinflammatory proteins that was exacerbated on Ang II treatment. The Ang II-induced NF-κB pathway-mediated proinflammatory effects were mediated in part through protein kinase B or AKT, wherein AKT inhibition restored the proinflammatory signaling protein levels to baseline in Snrk knockdown HL-1 CMs. Conclusions During heart failure, SNRK acts as a cardiomyocyte-specific repressor of cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Thirugnanam
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsDevelopmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research InstituteMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Stephanie M. Cossette
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsDevelopmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research InstituteMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Center for Molecular and Translational MedicineGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - Shreya R. Chowdhury
- Obstetrics and GynecologyDevelopmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research InstituteMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Leanne M. Harmann
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and AnatomyCardiovascular CenterClinical and Translational Science InstituteMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Ankan Gupta
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsDevelopmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research InstituteMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Andrew D. Spearman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics,
Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research InstituteMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Dmitry L. Sonin
- Almazov National Medical Research CentreSt.‐PetersburgRussia
| | - Michelle Bordas
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsDevelopmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research InstituteMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Suresh N. Kumar
- Division of Pediatric PathologyDepartment of PathologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Amy Y. Pan
- Quantitative Health SciencesDepartment of PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Pippa M. Simpson
- Quantitative Health SciencesDepartment of PediatricsMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Jennifer L. Strande
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and AnatomyCardiovascular CenterClinical and Translational Science InstituteMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Erin Bishop
- Obstetrics and GynecologyDevelopmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research InstituteMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
| | - Ming‐Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational MedicineGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsDevelopmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research InstituteMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
- Obstetrics and GynecologyDevelopmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research InstituteMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI
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13
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Klein EC, Rubinstein J, Strande JL. Probenecid: An Oral Inotrope for End-Stage Heart Failure in a Case With Myotonic Dystrophy. JACC Case Rep 2019; 1:213-217. [PMID: 34316787 PMCID: PMC8301499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A 56-year-old man with multiple cardiac manifestations of type 1 myotonic dystrophy, including severe, nonischemic cardiomyopathy, presented in refractory cardiogenic shock requiring inotropic therapy. Given his wishes to die without having any intravenous medications, he was started on oral probenecid therapy, which allowed for successful elimination of his intravenous therapies. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)
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Key Words
- CTG, cytosine-thymineguanine
- CUG, cytosine-uracil-guanine
- DM1, type 1 myotonic dystrophy
- INR, international normalized ratio
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide
- NYHA, New York Heart Association
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- SVC, superior vena cava
- TRPV-2, transient receptor potential vanilloid-2 subtype
- cardiogenic shock
- cardiomyopathy
- heart failure
- inotropes
- myotonic dystrophy
- probenecid
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Klein
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jack Rubinstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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14
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Gartz M, Afzal Z, Strande JL. Abstract 780: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Cardiac Exosomes Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Dystrophin-deficient Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Cardiomyopathy is a devastating consequence of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and its pathogenesis is not well known. Exosomes (exos) are small, secreted vesicles with the ability to exert paracrine effects in target cells by transfer of their molecular cargo. This cargo can be dysregulated in disease and may contribute to pathogenesis. Duchenne muscular dystrophy exos in skeletal muscle promoted pathology, but whether exos are pathological in the DMD heart is unclear.
We hypothesize that exposure to DMD cardiac exos promotes pathogenesis and their inhibition will protect against cardiomyocyte injury.
To investigate, we used DMD iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iCM) and
mdx
mouse models of DMD.
Methods/Results:
In vitro,
2 non-affected (N), 2 patient-derived DMD and 1 gene-edited DMD iCMs were exposed to either exos isolated from N- or DMD-iCMs for 48 hr, or to GW4869, an exo inhibitor for 24 hr, followed by 1 hr stress (100 μM H
2
O
2
in 10 mM deoxyglucose in RPMI - glucose) and 4 hr recovery (RPMI + glucose) and stained with either DHE, TMRE and propidium iodide to assess ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and cell death, respectively. Stress increased ROS levels in all 3 DMD-iCMs from 413-1102AU to 955-2008AU, which was diminished with N-exo (346-1061AU) but not DMD-exo (882-1995AU). Stress caused Δψm loss in DMD-iCM from 4049-4082AU to 439-1315AU, and N-exo (1917-2867AU) but not DMD-exo (870-1586AU) were protective. Stress increased cell death in DMD-iCM from 3-10% to 30-45% which was decreased with N-exo (10-21%) but not DMD-exo (26-46%). GW4869 decreased ROS levels from 955-2008AU to 344-528AU
,
cell death from 30-45% to 6-28% and partially rescued Δψm from 439-1315AU to 1947-3842AU in DMD-iCM. In
mdx
mice, GW4869 reduced isoproterenol induced cardiac injury (
GW+Iso: 3±2% vs. Veh+Iso: 13±3%
).
Conclusions:
In vitro
, unlike N-exo, DMD-exo exposure failed to protect DMD-iCM from stress. Inhibiting DMD-exo with GW4869 protected DMD-iCM against cell stress and reduced
mdx
cardiac isoproterenol-induced injury. Together, these data suggest that
DMD-exo may dysregulate the DMD cardiomyocyte response to stress thereby contributing to injury. Furthermore, exosome reduction may be a strategy for the treatment of DMD cardiomyopathy
.
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15
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Schlaak RA, Frei A, Schottstaedt AM, Tsaih SW, Fish BL, Harmann L, Liu Q, Gasperetti T, Medhora M, North PE, Strande JL, Sun Y, Rui H, Flister MJ, Bergom C. Mapping genetic modifiers of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity to rat chromosome 3. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1267-H1280. [PMID: 30848680 PMCID: PMC6620678 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00482.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is used in ~50% of cancer patients to reduce the risk of recurrence and in some cases improve survival. Despite these benefits, doses can be limited by toxicity in multiple organs, including the heart. The underlying causes and biomarkers of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity are currently unknown, prompting the need for experimental models with inherent differences in sensitivity and resistance to the development of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. We have identified the parental SS (Dahl salt-sensitive/Mcwi) rat strain to be a highly-sensitized model of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. In comparison, substitution of rat chromosome 3 from the resistant BN (Brown Norway) rat strain onto the SS background (SS-3BN consomic) significantly attenuated radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. SS-3BN rats had less radiation-induced cardiotoxicity than SS rats, as measured by survival, pleural and pericardial effusions, echocardiogram parameters, and histological damage. Mast cells, previously shown to have predominantly protective roles in radiation-induced cardiotoxicity, were increased in the more resistant SS-3BN hearts postradiation. RNA sequencing from SS and SS-3BN hearts at 1 wk postradiation revealed 5,098 differentially expressed candidate genes across the transcriptome and 350 differentially expressed genes on rat chromosome 3, which coincided with enrichment of multiple pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, sirtuin signaling, and ubiquitination. Upstream regulators of enriched pathways included the oxidative stress modulating transcription factor, Nrf2, which is located on rat chromosome 3. Nrf2 target genes were also differentially expressed in the SS vs. SS-3BN consomic hearts postradiation. Collectively, these data confirm the existence of heritable modifiers in radiation-induced cardiotoxicity and provide multiple biomarkers, pathways, and candidate genes for future analyses. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This novel study reveals that heritable genetic factors have the potential to modify normal tissue sensitivity to radiation. Gene variant(s) on rat chromosome 3 can contribute to enhanced cardiotoxicity displayed in the SS rats vs. the BN and SS-3BN consomic rats. Identifying genes that lead to understanding the mechanisms of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity represents a novel method to personalize radiation treatment, as well as predict the development of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Schlaak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anne Frei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Shirng-Wern Tsaih
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Brian L Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Leanne Harmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Qian Liu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Tracy Gasperetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Meetha Medhora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Paula E North
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael J Flister
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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16
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Jacobs ER, Narayanan J, Fish BL, Gao F, Harmann LM, Bergom C, Gasperetti T, Strande JL, Medhora M. Cardiac Remodeling and Reversible Pulmonary Hypertension During Pneumonitis in Rats after 13-Gy Partial-Body Irradiation with Minimal Bone Marrow Sparing: Effect of Lisinopril. Health Phys 2019; 116:558-565. [PMID: 30624347 PMCID: PMC6384144 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Total-body irradiation causes acute and delayed toxicity to hematopoietic, pulmonary, cardiac, gastrointestinal, renal, and other organ systems. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors mitigate many of the delayed injuries to these systems. The purpose of this study was to define echocardiographic features in rats at two times after irradiation, the first before lethal radiation pneumonitis (50 d) and the second after recovery from pneumonitis but before lethal radiation nephropathy (100 d), and to determine the actions of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril. Four groups of female WAG/RijCmcr rats at 11-12 wk of age were studied: nonirradiated, nonirradiated plus lisinopril, 13-Gy partial-body irradiation sparing one hind leg (leg-out partial-body irradiation), and 13-Gy leg-out partial-body irradiation plus lisinopril. Lisinopril was started 7 d after radiation. Echocardiograms were obtained at 50 and 100 d, and cardiac histology was assessed after 100 d. Irradiation without lisinopril demonstrated echocardiographic transient pulmonary hypertension by 50 d which was largely resolved by 100 d in survivors. Irradiated rats given lisinopril showed no increase in pulmonary artery pressures at 50 d but exhibited left ventricular remodeling. By 100 d these rats showed some signs of pulmonary hypertension. Lisinopril alone had no impact on echocardiographic end points at either time point in nonirradiated rats. Mild increases in mast cells and fibrosis in the heart were observed after 100 d following 13-Gy leg-out partial-body irradiation. These data demonstrate irradiation-induced pulmonary hypertension which was reversed in survivors of pneumonitis. Lisinopril modified cardiovascular remodeling to enhance survival in this model from 41% to 86% (p = 0.0013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Jacobs
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
- Department of Physiology, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
| | | | - Brian L. Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
| | - Leanne M. Harmann
- Department of Cardiology, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
| | | | - Jennifer L. Strande
- Department of Cardiology, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
| | - Meetha Medhora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
- Department of Physiology, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Zablocki VAMC, Milwaukee
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17
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Gartz M, Darlington A, Afzal MZ, Strande JL. Exosomes exert cardioprotection in dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes via ERK1/2-p38/MAPK signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16519. [PMID: 30410044 PMCID: PMC6224575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As mediators of intercellular communication, exosomes containing molecular cargo are secreted by cells and taken up by recipient cells to influence cellular phenotype and function. Here we have investigated the effects of exosomes in dystrophin-deficient (Dys) induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs). Our data demonstrate that exosomes secreted from either wild type (WT) or Dys-iCMs protect the Dys-iCM from stress-induced injury by decreasing reactive oxygen species and delaying mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening to maintain the mitochondrial membrane potential and decrease cell death. The protective effects of exosomes were dependent on the presence of exosomal surface proteins and activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling. Based on our findings, the acute effects of exosomes on recipient cells can be initiated from exosome membrane proteins and not necessarily their internal cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gartz
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashley Darlington
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Muhammed Zeeshan Afzal
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
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18
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Schlaak RA, Frei A, Schottstaedt AM, Fish BL, Harmann L, Gasperetti T, Flister MJ, Medhora M, Strande JL, Bergom CR. Abstract 4165: Novel genetic rat models to identify factors that modulate cardiac and tumor radiation sensitivity. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose/Objectives: Over 50% of breast cancer patients receive radiation therapy, but radiation doses can be limited by normal tissue toxicity. Radiation therapy can improve breast cancer-specific survival, but cardiac morbidity can be increased in patients with left-sided tumors. We used rat genetic models to identify targets to improve the therapeutic ratio of radiation. We assessed the radiation responsiveness of mammary tumors and the heart in genetically similar consomic rats conducive to genetic mapping.
Materials/Methods: Female SS rats and SS.BN3 consomic rats, which are genetically identical to SS rats except that chromosome 3 is inherited from the BN strain, have previously been shown to exhibit different vascular dynamics and breast tumor growth. Human MDA-MD-231 cells or syngeneic mammary tumor cells developed from DMBA-induced mammary tumors were implanted orthotopically into immunodeficient or immunocompetent SS and SS.BN3 rats, respectively, and tumors were treated locally with mock or 5x4 Gy. To examine cardiac toxicity, adult female SS and SS.BN3 rats received image-guided localized whole-heart radiation to a dose of 24 Gy or 9 Gy x 5 (AP and 2 lateral fields, weighted 1:1:1). Echocardiograms with strain analysis were performed at baseline, 3 months and 5 months. The Student's t-test was used to compare values.
Results: The BN strain-derived genetic variant(s) on rat chromosome 3 is important for tumor radiation sensitivity. Tumors in SS.BN3 rats were significantly more radiosensitive than tumors in the parental SS strain. A supra-additive effect was seen with both tumor cell lines, with recurrence-free survival of 30% vs. 67% at 137 days in SS vs SS.BN3 rats (p=0.02) in xenografts, and recurrence-free survival of 9% vs. 100% at 141 days in SS vs. SS.BN3 rats (p<0.0001) in syngeneic tumors. The SS female rats that received 24 Gy exhibited enhanced cardiac toxicity compared to SS.BN3 rats, with larger pericardial effusions in SS vs SS.BN3 rats (p<0.05), significantly elevated end diastolic volume (EDV) and end systolic volume (ESV) at 5 months (EDV: 0.62 vs. 0.49 mL, p<0.01; ESV: 0.12 vs. 0.03 mL, p<0.01), and increased cardiac mortality (5/11 SS vs. 0/7 SS.BN3 rats). Fractionated heart radiation yielded similar results. Taken together, the SS.BN3 tumors are more sensitive to radiation, while the hearts of SS.BN3 rats are protected against radiation toxicity, when compared to the SS strain.
Conclusions: These results demonstrate that genetic variants on rat chromosome 3 alter the sensitivity to radiation therapy, enhancing tumor responses to radiation and protecting the heart, thus improving the therapeutic ratio. Gene expression analysis and genetic mapping will be performed to identify the causative target(s). This project has the potential to enhance the effectiveness and toxicity profile of radiation therapy in breast cancer.
Citation Format: Rachel A. Schlaak, Anne Frei, Aronne M. Schottstaedt, Brian L. Fish, Leanne Harmann, Tracy Gasperetti, Michael J. Flister, Meetha Medhora, Jennifer L. Strande, Carmen R. Bergom. Novel genetic rat models to identify factors that modulate cardiac and tumor radiation sensitivity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4165.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Frei
- 1Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gartz
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI .,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.,Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Bergom C, Schlaak R, Frei A, Fish BL, Harmann L, Gasperetti T, Schottstaedt AM, Flister MJ, Medhora M, Strande JL. Abstract P2-11-18: The use of consomic animal models to identify genetic factors that modulate radiation-induced cardiac toxicity. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p2-11-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose/Objectives: Radiation therapy is used by more than 50% of breast cancer patients, but radiation doses can be limited by normal tissue side effects. For example, breast cancer radiation therapy can improve breast cancer-specific survival, but increase cardiac deaths in those with left-sided cancers. Identifying genetic factors that can enhance tumor radiation sensitivity while decreasing normal tissue toxicities has the potential to improve the therapeutic ratio of radiation therapy – leading to more cures and less long-term toxicities. The use of animal models with differing genetic backgrounds to assess radiation toxicity, followed by genetic mapping of radiosensitivity phenotypes, has the potential to identify new targets that can predict cardiac toxicity from radiation therapy. This project examines how genetic host factors alter normal tissue toxicity risks from breast cancer radiation.
Materials/Methods: Inbred female SS rats and SS.BN3 consomic rats, that are genetically identical to SS rats except that chromosome 3 is inherited from the BN strain, have previously been shown to exhibit different vascular dynamics and breast tumor growth. For this study, adult female SS and SS.BN3 rats received image-guided whole heart radiation to a dose of 21 Gy (3 fields, AP and 2 laterals). Cardiac troponin was serially measured at 2, 6, and 12 weeks, and echocardiograms with strain analysis were performed at baseline and 3 months. The Student's t-test was used to compare values.
Results: The SS female rats exhibited enhanced cardiac toxicity compared to SS.BN3 rats, with cardiac troponin levels elevated at 12 weeks (0.32 ng/ml vs.0.08 ng/ml for SS vs. SS.BN3, p=0.01), and moderate to severe pericardial effusions seen in 6 of 9 SS rats vs. 2 of 7 SS.BN3 rats. At 3 months post-radiation, echocardiograms revealed increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole (LVPWd) in SS vs. SS.BN3 rats (0.25 vs. 0.20 cm, p=0.002) and increased left ventricular mass (LVM) in SS vs. SS.BN3 rats (1.54 vs. 1.28 g, p<0.001). Taken together, the SS female rats are more sensitive to cardiac irradiation than SS.BN3.
Conclusions: These results demonstrate that genetic variant on rat chromosome 3 alter the radiosensitivity to single fraction cardiac radiation therapy. Gene expression analysis and genetic mapping will be performed to identify the causative target(s). These models will also be expanded to test whether similar results are seen with fractionated cardiac radiation therapy. This project has the potential to enhance the effectiveness and toxicity profile of radiation therapy in breast cancer.
Citation Format: Bergom C, Schlaak R, Frei A, Fish BL, Harmann L, Gasperetti T, Schottstaedt AM, Flister MJ, Medhora M, Strande JL. The use of consomic animal models to identify genetic factors that modulate radiation-induced cardiac toxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bergom
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - R Schlaak
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - A Frei
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - BL Fish
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - L Harmann
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - T Gasperetti
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - AM Schottstaedt
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - MJ Flister
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - M Medhora
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - JL Strande
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Krishnan B, Massilamany C, Basavalingappa RH, Gangaplara A, Rajasekaran RA, Afzal MZ, Khalilzad-Sharghi V, Zhou Y, Riethoven JJ, Nandi SS, Mishra PK, Sobel RA, Strande JL, Steffen D, Reddy J. Epitope Mapping of SERCA2a Identifies an Antigenic Determinant That Induces Mainly Atrial Myocarditis in A/J Mice. J Immunol 2018; 200:523-537. [PMID: 29229678 PMCID: PMC5760440 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA)2a, a critical regulator of calcium homeostasis, is known to be decreased in heart failure. Patients with myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy develop autoantibodies to SERCA2a suggesting that they may have pathogenetic significance. In this report, we describe epitope mapping analysis of SERCA2a in A/J mice that leads us to make five observations: 1) SERCA2a contains multiple T cell epitopes that induce varying degrees of myocarditis. One epitope, SERCA2a 971-990, induces widespread atrial inflammation without affecting noncardiac tissues; the cardiac abnormalities could be noninvasively captured by echocardiography, electrocardiography, and magnetic resonance microscopy imaging. 2) SERCA2a 971-990-induced disease was associated with the induction of CD4 T cell responses and the epitope preferentially binds MHC class II/IAk rather than IEk By creating IAk/and IEk/SERCA2a 971-990 dextramers, the T cell responses were determined by flow cytometry to be Ag specific. 3) SERCA2a 971-990-sensitized T cells produce both Th1 and Th17 cytokines. 4) Animals immunized with SERCA2a 971-990 showed Ag-specific Abs with enhanced production of IgG2a and IgG2b isotypes, suggesting that SERCA2a 971-990 can potentially act as a common epitope for both T cells and B cells. 5) Finally, SERCA2a 971-990-sensitized T cells were able to transfer disease to naive recipients. Together, these data indicate that SERCA2a is a critical autoantigen in the mediation of atrial inflammation in mice and that our model may be helpful to study the inflammatory events that underlie the development of conditions such as atrial fibrillation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Krishnan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Chandirasegaran Massilamany
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rakesh H Basavalingappa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rajkumar A Rajasekaran
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | | | - Vahid Khalilzad-Sharghi
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - You Zhou
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | | | - Shyam S Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198; and
| | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198; and
| | - Raymond A Sobel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304
| | | | - David Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583;
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Basavalingappa RH, Massilamany C, Krishnan B, Gangaplara A, Rajasekaran RA, Afzal MZ, Riethoven JJ, Strande JL, Steffen D, Reddy J. β1-Adrenergic Receptor Contains Multiple IA k and IE k Binding Epitopes That Induce T Cell Responses with Varying Degrees of Autoimmune Myocarditis in A/J Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1567. [PMID: 29209317 PMCID: PMC5701947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis/dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients can develop autoantibodies to various cardiac antigens and one major antigen is β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR). Previous reports indicate that animals immunized with a β1AR fragment encompassing, 197–222 amino acids for a prolonged period can develop DCM by producing autoantibodies, but existence of T cell epitopes, if any, were unknown. Using A/J mice that are highly susceptible to lymphocytic myocarditis, we have identified β1AR 171–190, β1AR 181–200, and β1AR 211–230 as the major T cell epitopes that bind major histocompatibility complex class II/IAk or IEk alleles, and by creating IAk and IEk dextramers, we demonstrate that the CD4 T cell responses to be antigen-specific. Of note, all the three epitopes were found also to stimulate CD8 T cells suggesting that they can act as common epitopes for both CD4 and CD8 T cells. While, all epitopes induced only mild myocarditis, the disease-incidence was enhanced in animals immunized with all the three peptides together as a cocktail. Although, antigen-sensitized T cells produced mainly interleukin-17A, their transfer into naive animals yielded no disease. But, steering for T helper 1 response led the T cells reacting to one epitope, β1AR 181–200 to induce severe myocarditis in naive mice. Finally, we demonstrate that all three β1AR epitopes to be unique for T cells as none of them induced antibody responses. Conversely, animals immunized with a non-T cell activator, β1AR 201–220, an equivalent of β1AR 197–222, had antibodies comprising of all IgG isotypes and IgM except, IgA and IgE. Thus, identification of T cell and B cell epitopes of β1AR may be helpful to determine β1AR-reactive autoimmune responses in various experimental settings in A/J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh H Basavalingappa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Chandirasegaran Massilamany
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Bharathi Krishnan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Rajkumar A Rajasekaran
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Muhammad Z Afzal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jean-Jack Riethoven
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - David Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Kindel TL, Strande JL. Bariatric surgery as a treatment for heart failure: review of the literature and potential mechanisms. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 14:117-122. [PMID: 29108893 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.09.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure due to severe obesity is a complex disease due to multiple mechanisms, including increased body mass, inflammation, and impaired cardiac metabolism that is complicated by obesity-associated co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea. Bariatric surgery significantly improves cardiac geometry, function, and symptoms related to obesity cardiomyopathy. There is a consistently positive impact of bariatric surgery on diastolic function with the potential to significantly improve systolic function as measured by ejection fraction in patients with advanced heart failure. For end-stage heart failure patients, including those requiring mechanical circulatory support who are ineligible for organ transplant due to morbid obesity, bariatric surgery has been successfully used for weight loss as a bridge to cardiac transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Kindel
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Khan SS, Shah SJ, Strande JL, Baldridge AS, Klyachko E, Flevaris P, Lee DC, Cuttica M, Carr JC, Benefield BC, Nelson L, Schipma MJ, Afzal MZ, Heiman M, Gupta S, Shapiro AD, Vaughan DE. Identification of a Novel Familial Fibrotic Cardiomyopathy with a Loss-of-Function Mutation in SERPINE1. J Card Fail 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Krishnan B, Massilamany C, Basavalingappa RH, Gangaplara A, Kang G, Li Q, Uzal FA, Strande JL, Delhon GA, Riethoven JJ, Steffen D, Reddy J. Branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase 111-130, a T cell epitope that induces both autoimmune myocarditis and hepatitis in A/J mice. Immun Inflamm Dis 2017; 5:421-434. [PMID: 28597552 PMCID: PMC5691315 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organ-specific autoimmune diseases are believed to result from immune responses generated against self-antigens specific to each organ. However, when such responses target antigens expressed promiscuously in multiple tissues, then the immune-mediated damage may be wide spread. METHODS In this report, we describe a mitochondrial protein, branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDk ) that can act as a target autoantigen in the development of autoimmune inflammatory reactions in both heart and liver. RESULTS We demonstrate that BCKDk protein contains at least nine immunodominant epitopes, three of which, BCKDk 71-90, BCKDk 111-130 and BCKDk 141-160, were found to induce varying degrees of myocarditis in immunized mice. One of these, BCKDk 111-130, could also induce hepatitis without affecting lungs, kidneys, skeletal muscles, and brain. In immunogenicity testing, all three peptides induced antigen-specific T cell responses, as verified by proliferation assay and/or major histocompatibility complex class II/IAk dextramer staining. Finally, the disease-inducing abilities of BCKDk peptides were correlated with the production of interferon-γ, and the activated T cells could transfer disease to naive recipients. CONCLUSIONS The disease induced by BCKDk peptides could serve as a useful model to study the autoimmune events of inflammatory heart and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Krishnan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chandirasegaran Massilamany
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rakesh H Basavalingappa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guobin Kang
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gustavo A Delhon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jean-Jack Riethoven
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - David Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Mack DL, Poulard K, Goddard MA, Latournerie V, Snyder JM, Grange RW, Elverman MR, Denard J, Veron P, Buscara L, Le Bec C, Hogrel JY, Brezovec AG, Meng H, Yang L, Liu F, O'Callaghan M, Gopal N, Kelly VE, Smith BK, Strande JL, Mavilio F, Beggs AH, Mingozzi F, Lawlor MW, Buj-Bello A, Childers MK. Systemic AAV8-Mediated Gene Therapy Drives Whole-Body Correction of Myotubular Myopathy in Dogs. Mol Ther 2017; 25:839-854. [PMID: 28237839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) results from MTM1 gene mutations and myotubularin deficiency. Most XLMTM patients develop severe muscle weakness leading to respiratory failure and death, typically within 2 years of age. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of systemic gene therapy in the p.N155K canine model of XLMTM by performing a dose escalation study. A recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (rAAV8) vector expressing canine myotubularin (cMTM1) under the muscle-specific desmin promoter (rAAV8-cMTM1) was administered by simple peripheral venous infusion in XLMTM dogs at 10 weeks of age, when signs of the disease are already present. A comprehensive analysis of survival, limb strength, gait, respiratory function, neurological assessment, histology, vector biodistribution, transgene expression, and immune response was performed over a 9-month study period. Results indicate that systemic gene therapy was well tolerated, prolonged lifespan, and corrected the skeletal musculature throughout the body in a dose-dependent manner, defining an efficacious dose in this large-animal model of the disease. These results support the development of gene therapy clinical trials for XLMTM.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biopsy
- Dependovirus/classification
- Dependovirus/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Dogs
- Gait
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Therapy/adverse effects
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/adverse effects
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Genetic Vectors/pharmacokinetics
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Muscle Strength
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/diagnosis
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/mortality
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/therapy
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/genetics
- Recovery of Function
- Reflex
- Respiratory Function Tests
- Tissue Distribution
- Transgenes/genetics
- Transgenes/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Mack
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA
| | - Karine Poulard
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Melissa A Goddard
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA
| | | | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Robert W Grange
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Matthew R Elverman
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA
| | | | - Philippe Veron
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Laurine Buscara
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France
| | | | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- Neuromuscular Physiology and Evaluation Lab, Institut de Myologie, 75651 Paris, France
| | - Annie G Brezovec
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hui Meng
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Fujun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Gopal
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98019, USA
| | - Valerie E Kelly
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Barbara K Smith
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Fulvio Mavilio
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France
| | - Alan H Beggs
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France; Institut de Myologie, University Pierre and Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ana Buj-Bello
- Genethon, 91000 Evry, France; INSERM, UMR_S951, 91002 Evry, France.
| | - Martin K Childers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98107, USA.
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Karagodin I, Aba-Omer O, Sparapani R, Strande JL. Aortic stiffening precedes onset of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:62. [PMID: 28196483 PMCID: PMC5310057 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying which patients with diastolic dysfunction will progress to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains challenging. The goal of this study is to determine whether increased vascular stiffness as identified on 2D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) serves as a biomarker for the development of HFpEF in patients with diastolic dysfunction. Methods The study design is a matched retrospective case–control study. Subjects with diastolic dysfunction were divided into two groups based on whether they had a clinical diagnosis of HFpEF. The two groups were matched based on age, gender, race and body surface area, resulting in 77 matched pairs (n = 154). Data from the first TTE that documented diastolic dysfunction prior to the development of HFpEF was extracted along with baseline demographic and clinical data. Indices of vascular stiffness were measured and compared. A sub-group analysis was performed to compare diabetic subjects in Group 1 (n = 43) to those in Group 2 (n = 21). Results Group 1 had significantly decreased aortic distensibility as measured on the initial TTE when compared to Group 2 (1.9 ± 1.0 vs. 2.8 ± 1.8 cm2dyne−110−3, p = 0.01). In the diabetic subset, Group 1 had significantly less aortic strain (6.9 ± 3.3 vs. 9.7 ± 5.6%, p = 0.02) and aortic distensibility (1.8 ± 1.0 vs. 3.5 ± 2.6 cm2dyne−110−3, p = 0.02) compared to Group 2. Other indices of vascular stiffness did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions This study demonstrates that increased proximal aortic stiffness is associated with the development of HFpEF in patients with asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction. Larger prospective studies are needed to further investigate this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Karagodin
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Omer Aba-Omer
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Rodney Sparapani
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Kriegel AJ, Gartz M, Afzal MZ, de Lange WJ, Ralphe JC, Strande JL. Molecular Approaches in HFpEF: MicroRNAs and iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 10:295-304. [PMID: 28032312 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) has emerged as one of the largest unmet needs in cardiovascular medicine. HFpEF is increasing in prevalence and causes significant morbidity, mortality, and health care resource utilization. Patients have multiple co-morbidities which contribute to the disease complexity. To date, no effective treatment for HFpEF has been identified. The paucity of cardiac biopsies from this patient population and the absence of well-accepted animal models limit our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of HFpEF. In this review, we discuss combining state-of-the-art technologies of microRNA profiling and human induced pluripotent cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) in order to uncover novel molecular pathways that may contribute to the development of HFpEF. Here, we focus the advantages and limitations of microRNA profiling and iPSC-CMs as a disease model system to discover molecular mechanisms in HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Melanie Gartz
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Muhammad Z Afzal
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Willem J de Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Carter Ralphe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Afzal MZ, Gartz M, Klyachko EA, Khan SS, Shah SJ, Gupta S, Shapiro AD, Vaughan DE, Strande JL. Generation of human iPSCs from urine derived cells of a non-affected control subject. Stem Cell Res 2016; 18:33-36. [PMID: 28395799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line under feeder-free culture conditions using the urine derived cells (UCs) collected from non-affected control subjects to use as a comparison group for the iPSC lines containing a Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1 homozygous/heterozygous) mutation. The Sendai Virus (SeV) vector encoding pluripotent Yamanaka transcription factors was used at a low multiplicity of infection to reprogram the UCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Afzal
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Melanie Gartz
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ekaterina A Klyachko
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sadiya Sana Khan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sweta Gupta
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Amy D Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Afzal MZ, Gartz M, Klyachko EA, Khan SS, Shah SJ, Gupta S, Shapiro AD, Vaughan DE, Strande JL. Generation of human iPSCs from urine derived cells of patient with a novel heterozygous PAI-1 mutation. Stem Cell Res 2016; 18:41-44. [PMID: 28395801 PMCID: PMC5939958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line under feeder-free culture conditions using the urine derived cells (UCs) collected from subjects heterozygous for a novel Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) mutation. The Sendai Virus (SeV) vector encoding pluripotent Yamanaka transcription factors was used at a low multiplicity of infection to reprogram the PAI-1 UCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Afzal
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Melanie Gartz
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ekaterina A Klyachko
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sadiya Sana Khan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sweta Gupta
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Amy D Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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Afzal MZ, Gartz M, Klyachko EA, Khan SS, Shah SJ, Gupta S, Shapiro AD, Vaughan DE, Strande JL. Generation of human iPSCs from urine derived cells of a patient with a novel homozygous PAI-1 mutation. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:657-660. [PMID: 27934602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line under feeder-free culture conditions using the urine derived cells (UCs) collected from subject with a novel homozygous Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1 null) mutation. The Sendai virus (SeV) vector encoding pluripotent Yamanaka transcription factors was used at a low multiplicity of infection to reprogram the PAI-1 UCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Afzal
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Melanie Gartz
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ekaterina A Klyachko
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sadiya Sana Khan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sweta Gupta
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Amy D Shapiro
- Indiana Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University-Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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Cossette SM, Bhute VJ, Bao X, Harmann LM, Horswill MA, Sinha I, Gastonguay A, Pooya S, Bordas M, Kumar SN, Mirza SP, Palecek SP, Strande JL, Ramchandran R. Sucrose Nonfermenting-Related Kinase Enzyme-Mediated Rho-Associated Kinase Signaling is Responsible for Cardiac Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:474-486. [PMID: 27780848 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac metabolism is critical for the functioning of the heart, and disturbance in this homeostasis is likely to influence cardiac disorders or cardiomyopathy. Our laboratory has previously shown that SNRK (sucrose nonfermenting related kinase) enzyme, which belongs to the AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase) family, was essential for cardiac metabolism in mammals. Snrk global homozygous knockout (KO) mice die at postnatal day 0, and conditional deletion of Snrk in cardiomyocytes (Snrk cmcKO) leads to cardiac failure and death by 8 to 10 months. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed additional cardiac functional studies using echocardiography and identified further cardiac functional deficits in Snrk cmcKO mice. Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analysis identified key metabolic pathway deficits in SNRK knockdown cardiomyocytes in vitro. Specifically, metabolites involved in lipid metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation are altered, and perturbations in these pathways can result in cardiac function deficits and heart failure. A phosphopeptide-based proteomic screen identified ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) as a putative substrate for SNRK, and mass spec-based fragment analysis confirmed key amino acid residues on ROCK that are phosphorylated by SNRK. Western blot analysis on heart lysates from Snrk cmcKO adult mice and SNRK knockdown cardiomyocytes showed increased ROCK activity. In addition, in vivo inhibition of ROCK partially rescued the in vivo Snrk cmcKO cardiac function deficits. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that SNRK in cardiomyocytes is responsible for maintaining cardiac metabolic homeostasis, which is mediated in part by ROCK, and alteration of this homeostasis influences cardiac function in the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Cossette
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Vijesh J Bhute
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Leanne M Harmann
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Mark A Horswill
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Indranil Sinha
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Adam Gastonguay
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Shabnam Pooya
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Michelle Bordas
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Suresh N Kumar
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Shama P Mirza
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Sean P Palecek
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.)
| | - Ramani Ramchandran
- From the Department of Pediatrics (S.M.C., A.G., S. Pooya, M.B., R.R.), OBGYN, Developmental Vascular Biology Program, Children's Research Institute (R.R.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (L.M.H.), Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Cardiovascular Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute (J.L.S.), and Division of Pediatric Pathology, Department of Pathology (S.N.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering (V.J.B., X.B., S. Palecek), Morgridge Institute for Research (M.A.H.), University of Wisconsin-Madison; Marginalen Bank, Stockholm, Sweden (I.S.); Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (S.P.M.).
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Karagodin I, Strande JL, Marong B. ID: 10: FRAGMENTED QRS DOES NOT PREDICT ONSET OF HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION IN PATIENTS WITH DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION. J Investig Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000120.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundDepolarization and repolarization ECG abnormalities such as fragmented QRS and wide frontal QRS-T angles are associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and are associated with adverse outcomes. However, no studies have investigated whether these abnormalities are present in asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction and whether these abnormalities are predictive of the development of HFpEF in subjects with diastolic dysfunction. The goal of this study is to determine whether fQRS and widening of the QRS-T angle precedes the development of HFpEF in patients with diastolic dysfunction.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 100 subjects with diastolic dysfunction and an ejection fraction >50% as reported on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) who were free of HF at baseline. We analyzed 12-lead ECGs to determine fQRS and frontal QRS-T angle. Patients with QRS>120 ms, bundle branch block pattern, or incomplete right bundle branch block were excluded. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=53) included subjects who were known to progress to HFpEF and Group 2 (n=47) included patients who remained asymptomatic.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with fQRS in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (33/41 vs. 35/42, p=0.78). The difference was also not significant when comparing hypertensive patients in Group 1 versus Group 2 (28/35 vs. 24/30, p=1.0), as well as patients without hypertension in both groups (5/6 vs. 11/12, p=1.0). On average, the QRS-T angle was wider in Group 1 (64.6) compared to Group 2 (51.7).ConclusionIn patients with asymptomatic diastolic dysfunction, fragmented QRS is present in both patients who progress to HFpEF as well as patients who remain asymptomatic. This suggests that fragmented QRS is associated with diastolic dysfunction, but does not predict the development of heart failure symptoms. The frontal QRS-T angle may be a useful measurement in predicting which patients go on to develop HFpEF. However, larger prospective studies are needed to further investigate this relationship.
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Afzal MZ, Reiter M, Gastonguay C, McGivern JV, Guan X, Ge ZD, Mack DL, Childers MK, Ebert AD, Strande JL. Nicorandil, a Nitric Oxide Donor and ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Opener, Protects Against Dystrophin-Deficient Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 21:549-562. [PMID: 26940570 DOI: 10.1177/1074248416636477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy is a growing clinical problem without targeted treatments. We investigated whether nicorandil promotes cardioprotection in human dystrophin-deficient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and the muscular dystrophy mdx mouse heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Dystrophin-deficient iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes had decreased levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase. The dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes had increased cell injury and death after 2 hours of stress and recovery. This was associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species and dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Nicorandil pretreatment was able to abolish these stress-induced changes through a mechanism that involved the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels. The increased reactive oxygen species levels in the dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes were associated with diminished expression of select antioxidant genes and increased activity of xanthine oxidase. Furthermore, nicorandil was found to improve the restoration of cardiac function after ischemia and reperfusion in the isolated mdx mouse heart. CONCLUSION Nicorandil protects against stress-induced cell death in dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes and preserves cardiac function in the mdx mouse heart subjected to ischemia and reperfusion injury. This suggests a potential therapeutic role for nicorandil in dystrophin-deficient cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Z Afzal
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Melanie Reiter
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Courtney Gastonguay
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jered V McGivern
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Xuan Guan
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David L Mack
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martin K Childers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allison D Ebert
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Raphael R, Purushotham D, Gastonguay C, Chesnik MA, Kwok WM, Wu HE, Shah SJ, Mirza SP, Strande JL. Combining patient proteomics and in vitro cardiomyocyte phenotype testing to identify potential mediators of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Transl Med 2016; 14:18. [PMID: 26792056 PMCID: PMC4719542 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a syndrome resulting from several co-morbidities in which specific mediators are unknown. The platelet proteome responds to disease processes. We hypothesize that the platelet proteome will change composition in patients with HFpEF and may uncover mediators of the syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Proteomic changes were assessed in platelets from hospitalized subjects with symptoms of HFpEF (n = 9), the same subjects several weeks later without symptoms (n = 7) and control subjects (n = 8). Mass spectrometry identified 6102 proteins with five scans with peptide probabilities of ≥0.85. Of the 6102 proteins, 165 were present only in symptomatic subjects, 78 were only found in outpatient subjects and 157 proteins were unique to the control group. The S100A8 protein was identified consistently in HFpEF samples when compared with controls. We validated the fining that plasma S100A8 levels are increased in subjects with HFpEF (654 ± 391) compared to controls (352 ± 204) in an external cohort (p = 0.002). Recombinant S100A8 had direct effects on the electrophysiological and calcium handling profile in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Platelets may harbor proteins associated with HFpEF. S100A8 is present in the platelets of subjects with HFpEF and increased in the plasma of the same subjects. We further established a bedside-to-bench translational system that can be utilized as a secondary screen to ascertain whether the biomarkers may be an associated finding or causal to the disease process. S100A8 has been linked with other cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, or death. This is the first report on association of S100A8 with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseanne Raphael
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Diana Purushotham
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Courtney Gastonguay
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Marla A Chesnik
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Hsiang-En Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Shama P Mirza
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,, MEB/CVC 4579, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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Purushotham D, Raphael R, Gastonguay C, Chesnik M, Mirza S, Strande JL. Abstract 185: Using the Platelet Proteome to Identify Novel Biomarkers in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
The platelet proteome is an untapped resource for identifying novel proteins that may reflect a disease process. The platelet proteome is understudied in heart failure. We hypothesize that the platelet proteome will change composition in patients with heart failure with ejection fraction (HFpEF). Using mass-spectral analysis, we examined the platelet proteome from subjects with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) to identify proteins associated with the disease process.
Methods/Results:
We conducted a case-controlled prospective study in which we drew blood samples from hospitalized subjects with symptoms of HFpEF (n=9), the same subjects several weeks later without symptoms (n=7) and control subjects (n=8). The subjects with HFpEF were older and had a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation and smoking compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in body mass index, and history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease or diabetes. The HFpEF group had increased LV wall thickness, left atrial volume, and diastolic dysfunction. Mass spectrometry of the platelet rich abstract obtained from the blood samples of the 3 groups identified 6,102 proteins with 5 scans with peptide probabilities of ≥0.85. Of the 6,102 proteins, 165 were present only in symptomatic subjects, 78 were only found in asymptomatic subjects and 157 proteins were unique to the control group. S100A8 and its receptor, CD36 were two proteins identified consistently in HFpEF samples when compared with controls. Using ELISA, we further confirmed that plasma S100A8 levels were increased in subjects with HFpEF (728±358) vs. control (314±154).
Conclusion:
Platelets may harbor proteins associated with HFpEF. S100A8 is present in the platelets of subjects with HFpEF and increased in the plasma of the same subjects. S100A8 has been linked with other cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, or death. This is the first report on the association between S100A8 and HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shama Mirza
- Dept of Biochemistry, Med College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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Mack DL, Poulard K, Goddard M, Snyder JM, Grange RW, Doering J, Czerniecki S, Strande JL, Latournerie V, Veron P, Meng H, Yang L, Liu F, Le Bec C, Buscara L, Martin S, Moullier P, O'Callaghan M, Mingozzi F, Beggs AH, Lawlor MW, Buj-Bello A, Mavilio F, Childers MK. 503. Minimally Effective Dose of Systemic AAV8-MTM1 Needed To Prolong Survival and Correct Severe Muscle Pathology in a Canine Model of X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy. Mol Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(16)34112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Medhora M, Gao F, Glisch C, Narayanan J, Sharma A, Harmann LM, Lawlor MW, Snyder LA, Fish BL, Down JD, Moulder JE, Strande JL, Jacobs ER. Whole-thorax irradiation induces hypoxic respiratory failure, pleural effusions and cardiac remodeling. J Radiat Res 2015; 56:248-60. [PMID: 25368342 PMCID: PMC4380043 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To study the mechanisms of death following a single lethal dose of thoracic radiation, WAG/RijCmcr (Wistar) rats were treated with 15 Gy to the whole thorax and followed until they were morbid or sacrificed for invasive assays at 6 weeks. Lung function was assessed by breathing rate and arterial oxygen saturation. Lung structure was evaluated histologically. Cardiac structure and function were examined by echocardiography. The frequency and characteristics of pleural effusions were determined. Morbidity from 15 Gy radiation occurred in all rats 5 to 8 weeks after exposure, coincident with histological pneumonitis. Increases in breathing frequencies peaked at 6 weeks, when profound arterial hypoxia was also recorded. Echocardiography analysis at 6 weeks showed pulmonary hypertension and severe right ventricular enlargement with impaired left ventricular function and cardiac output. Histologic sections of the heart revealed only rare foci of lymphocytic infiltration. Total lung weight more than doubled. Pleural effusions were present in the majority of the irradiated rats and contained elevated protein, but low lactate dehydrogenase, when compared with serum from the same animal. Pleural effusions had a higher percentage of macrophages and large monocytes than neutrophils and contained mast cells that are rarely present in other pathological states. Lethal irradiation to rat lungs leads to hypoxia with infiltration of immune cells, edema and pleural effusion. These changes may contribute to pulmonary vascular and parenchymal injury that result in secondary changes in heart structure and function. We report that conditions resembling congestive heart failure contribute to death during radiation pneumonitis, which indicates new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meetha Medhora
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Research Service, Department of Veteran's Affairs, Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Chad Glisch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jayashree Narayanan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Leanne M Harmann
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Division of Pediatric Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Laura A Snyder
- Marshfield Laboratories; Wisconsin Veterinary Referral Hospital, Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian L Fish
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Julian D Down
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John E Moulder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jennifer L Strande
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Jacobs
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701, Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA Research Service, Department of Veteran's Affairs, Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Afzal MZ, Strande JL. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from muscular dystrophy patients: efficient integration-free reprogramming of urine derived cells. J Vis Exp 2015:52032. [PMID: 25650629 DOI: 10.3791/52032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrophic cardiomyopathy is a poorly understood consequence of muscular dystrophy. Generating induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from patients with muscular dystrophy is an invaluable cellular source for in vitro disease model systems and can be used for drug screening studies. Patient-derived urine cells have been used in successful reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells in order to model dystrophic cardiomyopathy(1). Addressing the safety concerns of integrating vector systems, we present a protocol using a non-integrating Sendai virus vector for transduction of Yamanaka factors into urine cells collected from patients with muscular dystrophy. This protocol generates fully reprogrammed clones within 2-3 weeks. The pluripotent cells are vector-free by passage-13. These dystrophic iPSCs can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes and used either to study disease mechanisms or for drug screening.
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Strande JL. Haploinsufficiency MYBPC3 mutations: another stress induced cardiomyopathy? Let's take a look! J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 79:284-6. [PMID: 25524041 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Strande
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Strande JL, Reiter M, Gastonguay C, Afzal MZ. Abstract 213: Dystrophic iPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes Have Mislocalization of eNOS and Increased Susceptibility to Cell Death which is Reversed by the Nitrate-like Properties of Nicorandil. Circ Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1161/res.115.suppl_1.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of death in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (D/BMD) patients and specific therapies are lacking. Dystrophin deficiency is associated with mislocalization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) whose dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of dystrophic cardiomyopathy. We have modeled dystrophic cardiomyopathy using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and show that DMD- and BMD- iPSC derived cardiomyocytes have mislocalization of endothelial (eNOS) but not neuronal NOS (nNOS). In this study, we determined whether nicorandil, a drug with nitrate-like properties, protects against stress-induced dystrophic cardiomyocyte injury.
Methods/Results:
DMD-iPSC (exon 3-6 deletion), BMD-iPSC (exon 45-53 deletion) and non-dystrophic (N)-iPSC lines were differentiated into cardiomyocytes (iCMs) and matured for 35-38 days. Immunofluorescence revealed eNOS co-localized with dystrophin along the sarcolemma in N-iCMs but not in DMD- or BMD-iCMs. eNOS also co-localized with caveolin-1 in all groups. nNOS did not co-localize with dystrophin but with the ryanodine receptor 2 in all groups. Both DMD- and BMD-iCMs have increased cell death as determined by TUNEL + staining when subject to 2 hours of metabolic stress and 4 hours of recovery (DMD: 66±3%, BMD: 29±4% vs. 1.5±0.04%; n=3-6). This was associated with dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential as monitored by laser-scanning confocal microscopy (DMD: complete loss, BMD: 441±168 vs. N: 891±183 AU; n=3-5). Nicorandil pretreatment was able to restore mitochondrial membrane potential and decrease cell death. The protective effects of nicorandil were abolished by ODQ, a selective inhibitor of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase.
Conclusion:
Nicorandil protects against stress-induced cell death and preserves mitochondrial function in dystrophic cardiomyocytes through its nitrite-like properties. This suggests a potential therapeutic role of nicorandil in the treatment of dystrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Strande JL, Routhu KV, Lecht S, Lazarovici P. Nerve growth factor reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat hearts. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 24:81-4. [PMID: 23314533 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2012-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophin that supports the survival and differentiation of sympathetic neurons, and its increased expression after myocardial infarct was correlated with cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation and arrhythmias. However, it is unclear whether NGF protects the heart during infarct. In this study, we sought to address this issue in rat heart exposed to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS NGF was administered intravenously (IV), 15 min before ischemia, at different concentrations in the absence or presence of inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in different groups of rats (n=6) with left coronary occlusion for 30 min followed by 120-min reperfusion. The area at risk and infarct to risk ratios were determined from sections stained with 1% 2,3,5-triphenylterazolium chloride. RESULTS NGF treatment at doses of 0.015-15 μg/kg, with an optimal dose of 0.15 μg/kg given IV before ischemia, reduced the infarct size from about 60% at the area of risk to about 25%, indicating cardioprotection by about 60%. The infarct-sparing effects of NGF were partially abolished by the inhibition of PI3K and NOS using wortmannin and N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated for the first time that NGF attenuates myocardial infarct damage in an in vivo rat model of myocardial regional IRI. This cardioprotective effect is proposed to be related to the activities of PI3K and NOS. This suggests that NGF has a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Strande
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Sonin DL, Wakatsuki T, Routhu KV, Harmann LM, Petersen M, Meyer J, Strande JL. Protease-activated receptor 1 inhibition by SCH79797 attenuates left ventricular remodeling and profibrotic activities of cardiac fibroblasts. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2013; 18:460-75. [PMID: 23598708 DOI: 10.1177/1074248413485434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibroblast activity promotes adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling that underlies the development of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent stimulus for fibrosis, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERK) 1/2 pathway also contributes to the fibrotic response. The thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), has been shown to play an important role in the excessive fibrosis in different tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a PAR1 inhibitor, SCH79797, on cardiac fibrosis, tissue stiffness and postinfarction remodeling, and effects of PAR1 inhibition on thrombin-induced TGF-β and (ERK) 1/2 activities in cardiac fibroblasts. METHODS We used a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, isolated cardiac fibroblasts, and 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac tissue models fabricated to ascertain the contribution of PAR1 activation on cardiac fibrosis and LV remodeling. RESULTS The PAR1 inhibitor attenuated LV dilation and improved LV systolic function of the reperfused myocardium at 28 days. This improvement was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in scar size (%LV) from 23 ± % in the control group (n = 10) to 16% ± 5.5% in the treated group (n = 9; P = .052). In the short term, the PAR1 inhibitor did not rescue infarct size or LV systolic function after 3 days. The PAR1 inhibition abolished thrombin-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, TGF-β and type I procollagen production, matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 activation, myofibroblasts transformation in vitro, and abrogated the remodeling of 3D tissues induced by chronic thrombin treatment. CONCLUSION These studies suggest PAR1 inhibition initiated after ischemic injury attenuates adverse LV remodeling through late-stage antifibrotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry L Sonin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Wakatsuki T, Peterson M, Strande JL. Engineered tissue based detection of PAR1 inhibition in thrombin‐induced profibrotic phenotypes of cardiac fibroblasts. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.1086.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Peterson
- Anatomy/PhysiologyNortheast Wisconsin Technical CollegeGreen BayWI
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Baker JE, Fish BL, Su J, Haworth ST, Strande JL, Komorowski RA, Migrino RQ, Doppalapudi A, Harmann L, Allen Li X, Hopewell JW, Moulder JE. 10 Gy total body irradiation increases risk of coronary sclerosis, degeneration of heart structure and function in a rat model. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 85:1089-100. [PMID: 19995235 DOI: 10.3109/09553000903264473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the impact of 10 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) or local thorax irradiation, a dose relevant to a radiological terrorist threat, on lipid and liver profile, coronary microvasculature and ventricular function. MATERIALS AND METHODS WAG/RijCmcr rats received 10 Gy TBI followed by bone marrow transplantation, or 10 Gy local thorax irradiation. Age-matched, non-irradiated rats served as controls. The lipid profile and liver enzymes, coronary vessel morphology, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, protease activated receptor (PAR)-1 expression and fibrinogen levels were compared. Two-dimensional strain echocardiography assessed global radial and circumferential strain on the heart. RESULTS TBI resulted in a sustained increase in total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (190 +/- 8 vs. 58 +/- 6; 82 +/- 8 vs. 13 +/- 3 mg/dl, respectively). The density of small coronary arterioles was decreased by 32%. Histology revealed complete blockage of some vessels while cardiomyocytes remained normal. TBI resulted in cellular peri-arterial fibrosis whereas control hearts had symmetrical penetrating vessels with less collagen and fibroblasts. TBI resulted in a 32 +/- 4% and 28 +/- 3% decrease in endothelial NOS and inducible NOS protein, respectively, and a 21 +/- 4% and 35 +/- 5% increase in fibrinogen and PAR-1 protein respectively, after 120 days. TBI reduced radial strain (19 +/- 8 vs. 46 +/- 7%) and circumferential strain (-8 +/- 3 vs. -15 +/- 3%) compared to controls. Thorax-only irradiation produced no changes over the same time frame. CONCLUSIONS TBI with 10 Gy, a dose relevant to radiological terrorist threats, worsened lipid profile, injured coronary microvasculature, altered endothelial physiology and myocardial mechanics. These changes were not manifest with local thorax irradiation. Non-thoracic circulating factors may be promoting radiation-induced injury to the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Baker
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Routhu KV, Tsopanoglou NE, Strande JL. Parstatin(1-26): the putative signal peptide of protease-activated receptor 1 confers potent protection from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:898-905. [PMID: 20008957 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.162602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parstatin, the N-terminal 41-amino-acid peptide cleaved by thrombin from the protease-activated receptor 1, protects against rat myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. In this study, we determined that the parstatin fragment 1-26, the putative signal peptide of protease-activated receptor 1, contains the functional domain of parstatin. We assessed a synthesized parstatin(1-26) peptide in an in vivo rat model of myocardial regional ischemia-reperfusion injury (n = 6/group). Infarct size in control rat hearts was 58 +/- 1% area at risk. Parstatin(1-26) was able to reduce infarct size to 13 +/- 1% (P < 0.001) and 22 +/- 1% area at risk (P < 0.01) when given before or after reperfusion. The infarct-sparing effects of parstatin(1-26) were abolished by inhibition of G(i) proteins (pertussis toxin), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (wortmannin), nitric-oxide synthase (NOS; N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine), soluble guanylyl cyclase [1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ)], and sarcolemmal and mitochondrial K(ATP) channels [glibenclamide, 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, and sodium (5-(2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl)-2-methoxyphenylsulfonyl) (methylcarbamothioyl)amide (HMR 1098)]. Parstatin(1-26) cardioprotection was also abolished by atractyloside, a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opener. The inhibitors and opener alone had no effect on infarct size. Furthermore, preischemic treatment with parstatin(1-26) increased Akt and endothelial NOS phosphorylation at the time of reperfusion. After a 120-min reperfusion, parstatin(1-26) increased nitric oxide levels (12 +/- 0.4 to 17 +/- 0.9 mmol/g tissue) and cyclic GMP levels (87 +/- 21 to 395 +/- 36 pmol/g tissue). Parstatin(1-26) treatment either before or after ischemia results in an extremely efficacious protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury that depends on a G(i) protein-mediated pathway involving mPTP, the end effector of the preconditioning pathway. This suggests that parstatin(1-26) has a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasi V Routhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Strande JL, Routhu KV, Hsu A, Nicolosi AC, Baker JE. Gadolinium decreases inflammation related to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Inflamm (Lond) 2009; 6:34. [PMID: 20003243 PMCID: PMC2799407 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-6-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lanthanide cation, gadolinium (GdCl3) protects the myocardium against infarction following ischemia and reperfusion. Neutrophils and macrophages are the main leukocytes responsible for infarct expansion after reperfusion. GdCl3 interferes with macrophage and neutrophil function in the liver by decreasing macrophage secretion of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophil infiltration. We hypothesized that GdCl3 protects against ischemia and reperfusion injury by decreasing inflammation. We determined the impact of GdCl3 treatment for reperfusion injury on 1) circulating monoctye and neutrophil counts, 2) secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and 3) influx of monocytes and neutrophils into the myocardium. METHODS Rats (n = 3-6/gp) were treated with saline or GdCl3 (20 mumol/kg) 15 min prior to a 30 min period of regional ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. Sham rats were not subject to ischemia. Blood was collected either after 30 min ischemia or 120 min reperfusion and hearts were harvested at 120 min reperfusion for tissue analysis. Blood was analyzed for leukocytes counts and cytokines. Tissue was analyzed for cytokines and markers of neutrophil and monocyte infiltration by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE). RESULTS GdCl3 did not affect the number of circulating neutrophils prior to ischemia. Two hours reperfusion resulted in a 2- and 3- fold increase in circulating monocytes and neutrophils, respectively. GdCl3 decreased the number of circulating monocytes and neutrophils during reperfusion to levels below those present prior to ischemia. Furthermore, after 120 min of reperfusion, GdCl3 decreased ANAE and MPO activity in the myocardium by 1.9-fold and 6.5-fold respectively. GdCl3 decreased MPO activity to levels below those measured in the Sham group. Serum levels of the major neutrophil chemoattractant cytokine, IL-8 were increased from pre-ischemic levels during ischemia and reperfusion in both control and GdCl3 treated rats. Likewise, IL-8 levels increased throughout the 3 hour time period in the Sham group. There was no difference in IL-8 detected in the myocardium after 120 min reperfusion between groups. In contrast, after 120 min reperfusion GdCl3 decreased the myocardial tissue levels of macrophage secreted cytokines, GM-CSF and IL-1. CONCLUSION GdCl3 treatment prior to ischemia and reperfusion injury decreased circulating monocytes and neutrophils, macrophage secreted cytokines, and leukocyte infiltration into injured myocardium. These results suggest GdCl3 decreased monoctye and neutrophil migration and activation and may be a novel treatment for inflammation during ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Strande
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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Strande JL, Widlansky ME, Tsopanoglou NE, Su J, Wang J, Hsu A, Routhu KV, Baker JE. Parstatin: a cryptic peptide involved in cardioprotection after ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 83:325-34. [PMID: 19380418 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Thrombin activates protease-activated receptor 1 by proteolytic cleavage of the N-terminus. Although much research has focused on the activated receptor, little is known about the 41-amino acid N-terminal peptide (parstatin). We hypothesized that parstatin would protect the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed the protective role of parstatin in an in vivo and in vitro rat model of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Parstatin treatment before, during, and after ischaemia decreased infarct size by 26%, 23%, and 18%, respectively, in an in vivo model of ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Parstatin treatment immediately before ischaemia decreased infarct size by 65% and increased recovery in ventricular function by 23% in an in vitro model. We then assessed whether parstatin induced cardioprotection by activation of a Gi-protein-dependent pathway. Gi-protein inactivation by pertussis toxin completely abolished the cardioprotective effects. The cardioprotective effects were also abolished by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and K(ATP) channels in vitro. Furthermore, parstatin increased coronary flow and decreased perfusion pressure in the isolated heart. The vasodilatory properties of parstatin were confirmed in rat coronary arterioles. CONCLUSION A single treatment of parstatin administered prior to ischaemia confers immediate cardioprotection by recruiting the Gi-protein activation pathway including p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, NOS, and K(ATP) channels. Parstatin exerts effects on both the cardiomyocytes and the coronary circulation to induce cardioprotection. This suggests a potential therapeutic role of parstatin in the treatment of cardiac injury resulting from ischaemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Strande
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Strande JL, Phillips SA. Thrombin increases inflammatory cytokine and angiogenic growth factor secretion in human adipose cells in vitro. J Inflamm (Lond) 2009; 6:4. [PMID: 19267924 PMCID: PMC2661073 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-6-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Abdominal obesity is associated with pro-thrombotic and inflammatory states. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the expression of thrombin receptors (PAR1 and PAR4) human adipose tissue and whether thrombin stimulates an inflammatory cytokine and growth factor profile in human adipose tissue. Methods Human adipose tissue, isolated preadipocytes and differentiated adipocytes were used in this study. PAR1 and PAR4 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis in both adipose tissue and adipose microvessels. In separate studies, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-10, FGF-2, VEGF, and PDGF production were measured from adipose tissue (n = 5), adipocytes (n = 5), and preadipocytes (n = 3) supernatants with and without thrombin (1 or 10 U/ml; 24 hrs) treatment. Results Thrombin increased cytokine secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α and growth factor secretion of VEGF from adipocytes along with MCP-1 and VEGF from preadipocytes. The direct thrombin inhibitor lepirudin given in conjunction with thrombin prevented the thrombin-mediated increase in cytokine and growth factor secretion. Conclusion Here we show that thrombin PAR1 and PAR4 receptors are present and that thrombin stimulates inflammatory cytokine generation and growth factor release in human adipose tissue and cells in vitro. These data suggest that thrombin may represent a molecular link between obesity and associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Strande
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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