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Ramasubbu K, Venkatraman G, Ramanathan G, Dhanasekar S, Rajeswari VD. Molecular and cellular signalling pathways for promoting neural tissue growth - A tissue engineering approach. Life Sci 2024; 346:122640. [PMID: 38614302 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering is a sub-field of tissue engineering that develops neural tissue. Damaged central and peripheral nervous tissue can be fabricated with a suitable scaffold printed with biomaterials. These scaffolds promote cell growth, development, and migration, yet they vary according to the biomaterial and scaffold printing technique, which determine the physical and biochemical properties. The physical and biochemical properties of scaffolds stimulate diverse signalling pathways, such as Wnt, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and ion channels- mediated pathways to promote neuron migration, elongation and migration. However, neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, gamma amino butyric acid, and other signalling molecules are critical in neural tissue engineering to tissue fabrication. Thus, this review focuses on neural tissue regeneration with a tissue engineering approach highlighting the signalling pathways. Further, it explores the interaction of the scaffolds with the signalling pathways for generating neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagavalli Ramasubbu
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganasambanthan Ramanathan
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaraman Dhanasekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Svačina MKR, Gao T, Sprenger-Svačina A, Lin J, Ganesh BP, Lee J, McCullough LD, Sheikh KA, Zhang G. Rejuvenating fecal microbiota transplant enhances peripheral nerve repair in aged mice by modulating endoneurial inflammation. Exp Neurol 2024; 376:114774. [PMID: 38599367 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) resulting from trauma or neuropathies can cause significant disability, and its prognosis deteriorates with age. Emerging evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis and reduced fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contribute to an age-related systemic hyperinflammation (inflammaging), which hinders nerve recovery after injury. This study thus aimed to evaluate the pro-regenerative effects of a rejuvenating fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in a preclinical PNI model using aged mice. Aged C57BL/6 mice underwent bilateral crush injuries to their sciatic nerves. Subsequently, they either received FMT from young donors at three and four days after the injury or retained their aged gut microbiota. We analyzed gut microbiome composition and SCFA concentrations in fecal samples. The integrity of the ileac mucosal barrier was assessed by immunofluorescence staining of Claudin-1. Flow cytometry was utilized to examine immune cells and cytokine production in the ileum, spleen, and sciatic nerve. Various assessments, including behavioural tests, electrophysiological studies, and morphometrical analyses, were conducted to evaluate peripheral nerve function and repair following injury. Rejuvenating FMT reversed age-related gut dysbiosis by increasing Actinobacteria, especially Bifidobacteriales genera. This intervention also led to an elevation of gut SCFA levels and mitigated age-related ileac mucosal leakiness in aged recipients. Additionally, it augmented the number of T-helper 2 (Th2) and regulatory T (Treg) cells in the ileum and spleen, with the majority being positive for anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10). In sciatic nerves, rejuvenating FMT resulted in increased M2 macrophage counts and a higher IL-10 production by IL-10+TNF-α- M2 macrophage subsets. Ultimately, restoring a youthful gut microbiome in aged mice led to improved nerve repair and enhanced functional recovery after PNI. Considering that FMT is already a clinically available technique, exploring novel translational strategies targeting the gut microbiome to enhance nerve repair in the elderly seems promising and warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin K R Svačina
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alina Sprenger-Svačina
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jianxin Lin
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bhanu P Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kazim A Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Cong M, Li J, Wang L, Liu C, Zheng M, Zhou Q, Du M, Ye X, Feng M, Ye Y, Zhang S, Xu W, Lu Y, Wang C, Xia Y, Xie H, Zhang Y, He Q, Gong L, Gu Y, Sun H, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Ding F, Gu X, Zhou S. MircoRNA-25-3p in skin precursor cell-induced Schwann cell-derived extracellular vesicles promotes axon regeneration by targeting Tgif1. Exp Neurol 2024; 376:114750. [PMID: 38492636 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Nerve injury often leads to severe dysfunction because of the lack of axon regeneration in adult mammal. Intriguingly a series of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the obvious ability to accelerate the nerve repair. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms to describe that EVs switch neuron from a transmitter to a regenerative state have not been elucidated. This study elucidated the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles of two types of EVs that promote nerve regeneration. The functions of these miRNAs were screened in vitro. Among the 12 overlapping miRNAs, miR-25-3p was selected for further analysis as it markedly promoted axon regeneration both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, knockdown experiments confirmed that PTEN and Klf4, which are the major inhibitors of axon regeneration, were the direct targets of miR-25-3p in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The utilization of luciferase reporter assays and functional tests provided evidence that miR-25-3p enhances axon regeneration by targeting Tgif1. Additionally, miR-25-3p upregulated the phosphorylation of Erk. Furthermore, Rapamycin modulated the expression of miR-25-3p in DRG neurons. Finally, the pro-axon regeneration effects of EVs were confirmed by overexpressing miR-25-3p and Tgif1 knockdown in the optic nerve crush model. Thus, the enrichment of miR-25-3p in EVs suggests that it regulates axon regeneration, proving a potential cell-free treatment strategy for nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Mengru Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Mingzhi Du
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xinli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yujiao Ye
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yingjie Xia
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- The Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Yide Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianru He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Leilei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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Lukomska A, Frost MP, Theune WC, Xing J, Gupta M, Trakhtenberg EF. Nfe2l3 promotes neuroprotection and long-distance axon regeneration after injury in vivo. Exp Neurol 2024; 375:114741. [PMID: 38395216 PMCID: PMC10981571 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like (Nfe2l) gene family members 1-3 mediate cellular response to oxidative stress, including in the central nervous system (CNS). However, neuronal functions of Nfe2l3 are unknown. Here, we comparatively evaluated expression of Nfe2l1, Nfe2l2, and Nfe2l3 in singe cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq)-profiled cortical and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) CNS projection neurons, investigated whether Nfe2l3 regulates neuroprotection and axon regeneration after CNS injury in vivo, and characterized a gene network associated with Nfe2l3 in neurons. We showed that, Nfe2l3 expression transiently peaks in developing immature cortical and RGC projection neurons, but is nearly abolished in adult neurons and is not upregulated after injury. Furthermore, within the retina, Nfe2l3 is enriched in RGCs, primarily neonatally, and not upregulated in injured RGCs, whereas Nfe2l1 and Nfe2l2 are expressed robustly in other retinal cell types as well and are upregulated in injured RGCs. We also found that, expressing Nfe2l3 in injured RGCs through localized intralocular viral vector delivery promotes neuroprotection and long-distance axon regeneration after optic nerve injury in vivo. Moreover, Nfe2l3 provided a similar extent of neuroprotection and axon regeneration as viral vector-targeting of Pten and Klf9, which are prominent regulators of neuroprotection and long-distance axon regeneration. Finally, we bioinformatically characterized a gene network associated with Nfe2l3 in neurons, which predicted the association of Nfe2l3 with established mechanisms of neuroprotection and axon regeneration. Thus, Nfe2l3 is a novel neuroprotection and axon regeneration-promoting factor with a therapeutic potential for treating CNS injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lukomska
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Matthew P Frost
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - William C Theune
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jian Xing
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Mahit Gupta
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ephraim F Trakhtenberg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Sharifi M, Kamalabadi-Farahani M, Salehi M, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Alizadeh M. Recent advances in enhances peripheral nerve orientation: the synergy of micro or nano patterns with therapeutic tactics. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:194. [PMID: 38643117 PMCID: PMC11031871 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest that topographical patterns influence nerve cell fate. Efforts have been made to improve nerve cell functionality through this approach, focusing on therapeutic strategies that enhance nerve cell function and support structures. However, inadequate nerve cell orientation can impede long-term efficiency, affecting nerve tissue repair. Therefore, enhancing neurites/axons directional growth and cell orientation is crucial for better therapeutic outcomes, reducing nerve coiling, and ensuring accurate nerve fiber connections. Conflicting results exist regarding the effects of micro- or nano-patterns on nerve cell migration, directional growth, immunogenic response, and angiogenesis, complicating their clinical use. Nevertheless, advances in lithography, electrospinning, casting, and molding techniques to intentionally control the fate and neuronal cells orientation are being explored to rapidly and sustainably improve nerve tissue efficiency. It appears that this can be accomplished by combining micro- and nano-patterns with nanomaterials, biological gradients, and electrical stimulation. Despite promising outcomes, the unclear mechanism of action, the presence of growth cones in various directions, and the restriction of outcomes to morphological and functional nerve cell markers have presented challenges in utilizing this method. This review seeks to clarify how micro- or nano-patterns affect nerve cell morphology and function, highlighting the potential benefits of cell orientation, especially in combined approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | | | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ebrahimi-Barough
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Jeon SM, Pradeep A, Chang D, McDonough L, Chen Y, Latremoliere A, Crawford LK, Caterina MJ. Skin Reinnervation by Collateral Sprouting Following Spared Nerve Injury in Mice. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1494232024. [PMID: 38471780 PMCID: PMC11007315 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1494-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Following peripheral nerve injury, denervated tissues can be reinnervated via regeneration of injured neurons or collateral sprouting of neighboring uninjured afferents into denervated territory. While there has been substantial focus on mechanisms underlying regeneration, collateral sprouting has received less attention. Here, we used immunohistochemistry and genetic neuronal labeling to define the subtype specificity of sprouting-mediated reinnervation of plantar hindpaw skin in the mouse spared nerve injury (SNI) model, in which productive regeneration cannot occur. Following initial loss of cutaneous afferents in the tibial nerve territory, we observed progressive centripetal reinnervation by multiple subtypes of neighboring uninjured fibers into denervated glabrous and hairy plantar skin of male mice. In addition to dermal reinnervation, CGRP-expressing peptidergic fibers slowly but continuously repopulated denervated epidermis, Interestingly, GFRα2-expressing nonpeptidergic fibers exhibited a transient burst of epidermal reinnervation, followed by a trend towards regression. Presumptive sympathetic nerve fibers also sprouted into denervated territory, as did a population of myelinated TrkC lineage fibers, though the latter did so inefficiently. Conversely, rapidly adapting Aβ fiber and C fiber low threshold mechanoreceptor (LTMR) subtypes failed to exhibit convincing sprouting up to 8 weeks after nerve injury in males or females. Optogenetics and behavioral assays in male mice further demonstrated the functionality of collaterally sprouted fibers in hairy plantar skin with restoration of punctate mechanosensation without hypersensitivity. Our findings advance understanding of differential collateral sprouting among sensory neuron subpopulations and may guide strategies to promote the progression of sensory recovery or limit maladaptive sensory phenomena after peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Aishwarya Pradeep
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Dennis Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Leah McDonough
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Yijia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - LaTasha K Crawford
- Department of Pathological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Michael J Caterina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Wang JR, Li RQ, Huang XF. [Research progress in functional regeneration methods and mechanisms of taste buds]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 59:389-393. [PMID: 38548597 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20231012-00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Gustation is one of the most important human senses. Taste dysfunctions, which may be due to aging, tongue cancer surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, affect life quality. That is why the need for taste bud regeneration has received more attention. At present, research on development and renewal of taste cells provides a basis for taste bud regeneration; molecular mechanisms related to taste bud regeneration are being continuously uncoverd, aiding in the identification of more accurate targets for therapy. New methods such as nerve regeneration, tissue engineering, and cytokine therapy have emerged. The author reviews the mechanism and the latest methods of taste bud regeneration of lingual epithelium, aiming to open new horizions for the prevention and treatment of gustatory diseases, and provide theoretical references for its regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - R Q Li
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - X F Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Hoving JJA, Harford-Wright E, Wingfield-Digby P, Cattin AL, Campana M, Power A, Morgan T, Torchiaro E, Quereda V, Lloyd AC. N-cadherin directs the collective Schwann cell migration required for nerve regeneration through Slit2/3-mediated contact inhibition of locomotion. eLife 2024; 13:e88872. [PMID: 38591541 PMCID: PMC11052573 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is fundamental for the development of organisms and in the adult for tissue regeneration and in pathological conditions such as cancer. Migration as a coherent group requires the maintenance of cell-cell interactions, while contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), a local repulsive force, can propel the group forward. Here we show that the cell-cell interaction molecule, N-cadherin, regulates both adhesion and repulsion processes during Schwann cell (SC) collective migration, which is required for peripheral nerve regeneration. However, distinct from its role in cell-cell adhesion, the repulsion process is independent of N-cadherin trans-homodimerisation and the associated adherens junction complex. Rather, the extracellular domain of N-cadherin is required to present the repulsive Slit2/Slit3 signal at the cell surface. Inhibiting Slit2/Slit3 signalling inhibits CIL and subsequently collective SC migration, resulting in adherent, nonmigratory cell clusters. Moreover, analysis of ex vivo explants from mice following sciatic nerve injury showed that inhibition of Slit2 decreased SC collective migration and increased clustering of SCs within the nerve bridge. These findings provide insight into how opposing signals can mediate collective cell migration and how CIL pathways are promising targets for inhibiting pathological cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian JA Hoving
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Harford-Wright
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Patrick Wingfield-Digby
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anne-Laure Cattin
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mariana Campana
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alex Power
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Toby Morgan
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Erica Torchiaro
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Victor Quereda
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alison C Lloyd
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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9
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Zhang Z, Ma M. Strategies to enhance the ability of nerve guidance conduits to promote directional nerve growth. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:40. [PMID: 38582838 PMCID: PMC10998375 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Severely damaged peripheral nerves will regenerate incompletely due to lack of directionality in their regeneration, leading to loss of nerve function. To address this problem, various nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have been developed to provide guidance for nerve repair. However, their clinical application is still limited, mainly because its effect in promoting nerve repair is not as good as autologous nerve transplantation. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the ability of NGCs to promote directional nerve growth. Strategies include preparing various directional structures on NGCs to provide contact guidance, and loading various substances on them to provide electrical stimulation or neurotrophic factor concentration gradient to provide directional physical or biological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Zhang
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Muyuan Ma
- South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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DeVault L, Mateusiak C, Palucki J, Brent M, Milbrandt J, DiAntonio A. The response of Dual-leucine zipper kinase (DLK) to nocodazole: Evidence for a homeostatic cytoskeletal repair mechanism. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300539. [PMID: 38574058 PMCID: PMC10994325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic and pharmacological perturbation of the cytoskeleton enhances the regenerative potential of neurons. This response requires Dual-leucine Zipper Kinase (DLK), a neuronal stress sensor that is a central regulator of axon regeneration and degeneration. The damage and repair aspects of this response are reminiscent of other cellular homeostatic systems, suggesting that a cytoskeletal homeostatic response exists. In this study, we propose a framework for understanding DLK mediated neuronal cytoskeletal homeostasis. We demonstrate that low dose nocodazole treatment activates DLK signaling. Activation of DLK signaling results in a DLK-dependent transcriptional signature, which we identify through RNA-seq. This signature includes genes likely to attenuate DLK signaling while simultaneously inducing actin regulating genes. We identify alterations to the cytoskeleton including actin-based morphological changes to the axon. These results are consistent with the model that cytoskeletal disruption in the neuron induces a DLK-dependent homeostatic mechanism, which we term the Cytoskeletal Stress Response (CSR) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura DeVault
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Chase Mateusiak
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - John Palucki
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael Brent
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Milbrandt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Aaron DiAntonio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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11
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Ma Y, Zhang R, Mao X, Li X, Li T, Liang F, He J, Wen L, Wang W, Li X, Zhang Y, Yu H, Lu B, Yu T, Ao Q. Preparation of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits by electrostatic spinning technique and evaluation in vitroand in vivo. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:026028. [PMID: 38572924 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Artificial nerve scaffolds composed of polymers have attracted great attention as an alternative for autologous nerve grafts recently. Due to their poor bioactivity, satisfactory nerve repair could not be achieved. To solve this problem, we introduced extracellular matrix (ECM) to optimize the materials.Approach.In this study, the ECM extracted from porcine nerves was mixed with Poly(L-Lactide-co-ϵ-caprolactone) (PLCL), and the innovative PLCL/ECM nerve repair conduits were prepared by electrostatic spinning technology. The novel conduits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile properties, and suture retention strength test for micromorphology and mechanical strength. The biosafety and biocompatibility of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits were evaluated by cytotoxicity assay with Mouse fibroblast cells and cell adhesion assay with RSC 96 cells, and the effects of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits on the gene expression in Schwann cells was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, a 10 mm rat (Male Wistar rat) sciatic defect was bridged with a PLCL/ECM nerve conduit, and nerve regeneration was evaluated by walking track, mid-shank circumference, electrophysiology, and histomorphology analyses.Main results.The results showed that PLCL/ECM conduits have similar microstructure and mechanical strength compared with PLCL conduits. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrates better biosafety and biocompatibility of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits. And the cell adhesion assay further verifies that the addition of ECM is more beneficial to cell adhesion and proliferation. RT-PCR showed that the PLCL/ECM nerve conduit was more favorable to the gene expression of functional proteins of Schwann cells. Thein vivoresults indicated that PLCL/ECM nerve conduits possess excellent biocompatibility and exhibit a superior capacity to promote peripheral nerve repair.Significance.The addition of ECM significantly improved the biocompatibility and bioactivity of PLCL, while the PLCL/ECM nerve conduit gained the appropriate mechanical strength from PLCL, which has great potential for clinical repair of peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhan Ma
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Runze Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Mao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- China (Nanchang) Intellectual Property Protection Center, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wen
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizuo Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Yu
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Binhan Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Yu
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device & National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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12
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Gobrecht P, Gebel J, Hilla A, Gisselmann G, Fischer D. Targeting Vasohibins to Promote Axon Regeneration. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2031232024. [PMID: 38429108 PMCID: PMC10993095 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2031-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatments accelerating axon regeneration in the nervous system are still clinically unavailable. However, parthenolide promotes adult sensory neurons' axon growth in culture by inhibiting microtubule detyrosination. Here, we show that overexpression of vasohibins increases microtubule detyrosination in growth cones and compromises growth in culture and in vivo. Moreover, overexpression of these proteins increases the required parthenolide concentrations to promote axon regeneration. At the same time, the partial knockdown of endogenous vasohibins or their enhancer SVBP in neurons facilitates axon growth, verifying them as pharmacological targets for promoting axon growth. In vivo, repeated intravenous application of parthenolide or its prodrug di-methyl-amino-parthenolide (DMAPT) markedly facilitates the regeneration of sensory, motor, and sympathetic axons in injured murine and rat nerves, leading to acceleration of functional recovery. Moreover, orally applied DMAPT was similarly effective in promoting nerve regeneration. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of vasohibins facilitates axon regeneration in different species and nerves, making parthenolide and DMAPT the first promising drugs for curing nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gobrecht
- Center of Pharmacology, Institute II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50931, Germany
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Jeannette Gebel
- Center of Pharmacology, Institute II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50931, Germany
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Alexander Hilla
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Günter Gisselmann
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Dietmar Fischer
- Center of Pharmacology, Institute II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne D-50931, Germany
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
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13
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Omar Khudhur Z, Ziyad Abdulqadir S, Faqiyazdin Ahmed Mzury A, Aziz Rasoul A, Wasman Smail S, Ghayour MB, Abdolmaleki A. Epothilone B loaded in acellular nerve allograft enhanced sciatic nerve regeneration in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:307-319. [PMID: 37857403 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epothilone B (EpoB) is a microtubule-stabilizing agent with neuroprotective properties. OBJECTIVES This study examines the regenerative properties of ANA supplemented with EpoB on a sciatic nerve deficit in male Wistar rats. METHODS For this purpose, the 10 mm nerve gap was filled with acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) containing EpoB at 0.1, 1, and 10 nM concentrations. The sensorimotor recovery was evaluated up to 16 weeks after the operation. Real-time PCR, histomorphometry analysis, and electrophysiological evaluation were also used to evaluate the process of nerve regeneration. RESULTS ANA/EpoB (0.1 nM) significantly improved sensorimotor recovery in rats compared to ANA, ANA/EpoB (1 nM), and ANA/EpoB (10 nM) groups. This led to reduced muscle atrophy, improved sciatic functional index, and thermal paw withdrawal reflex latency, indicating nerve regeneration and target organ reinnervation. The electrophysiological and histomorphometry findings also confirmed the ANA/EpoB regenerative properties (0.1 nM). EpoB only enhanced ANA regenerative properties at 0.1 nM, with no therapeutic effects at higher concentrations. CONCLUSION Totally, we concluded that ANA loaded with 0.1 nM EpoB can effectively reconstruct the transected sciatic nerve in rats, likely by enhancing axonal sprouting and extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikal Omar Khudhur
- Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | | | | | - Shukur Wasman Smail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammad B Ghayour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Abdolmaleki
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran
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14
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Rink-Notzon S, Reuscher J, Wollny L, Sarikcioglu L, Bilmen S, Manthou M, Gordon T, Angelov DN. Appropriate dosage, timing, and site of intramuscular injections of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promote motor recovery after facial nerve injury in rats. Muscle Nerve 2024; 69:490-497. [PMID: 38328996 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Daily intramuscular injections of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) but not of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) significantly improve whisking behavior and mono-innervation of the rat levator labii superioris (LLS) muscle 56 days after buccal nerve transection and suture (buccal-buccal anastomosis, BBA). We explored the dose-response of BDNF, FGF2, and insulin growth factor 2 (IGF2) on the same parameters, asking whether higher doses of BDNF would promote recovery. METHODS After BBA, growth factors were injected (30 μL volume) daily into the LLS muscle over 14, 28, or 56 days. At 56 days, video-based motion analysis of vibrissal whisking was performed and the extent of mono- and poly-reinnervation of the reinnervated neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of the muscle determined with immunostaining of the nerve with β-tubulin and histochemical staining of the endplates with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated α-bungarotoxin. RESULTS The dose-response curve demonstrated significantly higher whisking amplitudes and corresponding increased mono-innervation of the NMJ in the reinnervated LLS muscle at concentrations of 20-30 μg/mL BDNF administered daily for 14-28 days after BBA surgery. In contrast, high doses of IGF2 and FGF2, or doses of 20 and 40 μg/mL of BDNF administered for 14-56 days had no effect on either whisking behavior or in reducing poly-reinnervation of endplates in the muscle. DISCUSSION These data suggest that the re-establishment of mono-innervation of whiskerpad muscles and the improved motor function by injections of BDNF into the paralyzed vibrissal musculature after facial nerve injury have translation potential and promote clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Rink-Notzon
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jannika Reuscher
- Department of Anatomy II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Wollny
- Department of Anatomy II, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Süreyya Bilmen
- Vocational School of Health Services, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Marilena Manthou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Chai Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Wei W, Dong Y, Yang C, Chen M. Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Sciatic Nerve Regeneration via Optimizing Schwann Cell Function. Cell Reprogram 2024; 26:67-78. [PMID: 38598278 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Repair strategies for injured peripheral nerve have achieved great progresses in recent years. However, the clinical outcomes remain unsatisfactory. Recent studies have found that exosomes secreted by dental pulp stem cells (DPSC-exos) have great potential for applications in nerve repair. In this study, we evaluated the effects of human DPSC-exos on improving peripheral nerve regeneration. Initially, we established a coculture system between DPSCs and Schwann cells (SCs) in vitro to assess the effect of DPSC-exos on the activity of embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGs) growth in SCs. We extracted and labeled human DPSC-exos, which were subsequently utilized in uptake experiments in DRGs and SCs. Subsequently, we established a rat sciatic nerve injury model to evaluate the therapeutic potential of DPSC-exos in repairing sciatic nerve damage. Our findings revealed that DPSC-exos significantly promoted neurite elongation by enhancing the proliferation, migration, and secretion of neurotrophic factors by SCs. In vivo, DPSC-exos administration significantly improved the walking behavior, axon regeneration, and myelination in rats with sciatic nerve injuries. Our study underscores the vast potential of DPSC-exos as a therapeutic tool for tissue-engineered nerve construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chai
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuemin Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabing Dong
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Yang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Ko PY, Hsu CC, Chen SY, Li CL, Jou IM, Wu PT. The Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser Therapy Enhanced Nerve Regeneration via Apoptosis Inhibition in a Rat Crushed Sciatic Nerve Model. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:949-958. [PMID: 38157112 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The study was aimed to validate the efficacy of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser on nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve crushed model. 54 Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups: shame control, crush control, and laser treated group. For the laser treated group, the pulsed Nd:YAG laser (10 Hz) with 350 mJ per pulse in energy density and 50 J/cm2 in fluence was applied extracorporeally at the lesion site for 12 min to daily deliver 500 J immediately and consecutive 9 days following the crush injury. At week 1, the apoptosis-related activities in the injured nerve were examined (n = 8/each group). The sciatic functional index (SFI) was measured preoperatively and weekly until 4 weeks after the index procedure. The injured nerve and the innervated gastrocnemius muscle histology were assessed at week 4 (n = 10/each group). At week 1, the laser group showed the significant less TUNEL-positive ratio (P < 0.05), and the lower expression of cleaved caspase3/procaspase-3 and beclin-2/beclin-2-associated protein X ratios compared with the crush control. Furthermore, the laser group revealed significantly better SFI since week 1 and throughout the study (P < 0.05, all) compared with the crush control. At week 4, the laser group showed significantly higher axon density, lower myelin g-ratio, and the corresponding higher glycogen expression (P < 0.05, all) in the gastrocnemius muscle compared with those in the crush control. The pulsed Nd:YAG might enhance the injured nerve regeneration via apoptosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yen Ko
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, East District, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, East District, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yao Chen
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- GEG Orthopedic Clinic, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, East District, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
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17
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Passino R, Finneran MC, Hafner H, Feng Q, Huffman LD, Zhao XF, Johnson CN, Kawaguchi R, Oses-Prieto JA, Burlingame AL, Geschwind DH, Benowitz LI, Giger RJ. Neutrophil-inflicted vasculature damage suppresses immune-mediated optic nerve regeneration. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113931. [PMID: 38492223 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In adult mammals, injured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) fail to spontaneously regrow severed axons, resulting in permanent visual deficits. Robust axon growth, however, is observed after intra-ocular injection of particulate β-glucan isolated from yeast. Blood-borne myeloid cells rapidly respond to β-glucan, releasing numerous pro-regenerative factors. Unfortunately, the pro-regenerative effects are undermined by retinal damage inflicted by an overactive immune system. Here, we demonstrate that protection of the inflamed vasculature promotes immune-mediated RGC regeneration. In the absence of microglia, leakiness of the blood-retina barrier increases, pro-inflammatory neutrophils are elevated, and RGC regeneration is reduced. Functional ablation of the complement receptor 3 (CD11b/integrin-αM), but not the complement components C1q-/- or C3-/-, reduces ocular inflammation, protects the blood-retina barrier, and enhances RGC regeneration. Selective targeting of neutrophils with anti-Ly6G does not increase axogenic neutrophils but protects the blood-retina barrier and enhances RGC regeneration. Together, these findings reveal that protection of the inflamed vasculature promotes neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Passino
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew C Finneran
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hannah Hafner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lucas D Huffman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Craig N Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Program in Neurogenetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Larry I Benowitz
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston MA 02115, USA; Departmant of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Roman J Giger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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18
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Trolle C, Han Y, Mutt SJ, Christoffersson G, Kozlova EN. Boundary cap neural crest stem cells promote angiogenesis after transplantation to avulsed dorsal roots in mice and induce migration of endothelial cells in 3D printed scaffolds. Neurosci Lett 2024; 826:137724. [PMID: 38467271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Dorsal root avulsion injuries lead to loss of sensation and to reorganization of blood vessels (BVs) in the injured area. The inability of injured sensory axons to re-enter the spinal cord results in permanent loss of sensation, and often also leads to the development of neuropathic pain. Approaches that restore connection between peripheral sensory axons and their CNS targets are thus urgently need. Previous research has shown that sensory axons from peripherally grafted human sensory neurons are able to enter the spinal cord by growing along BVs which penetrate the CNS from the spinal cord surface. In this study we analysed the distribution of BVs after avulsion injury and how their pattern is affected by implantation at the injury site of boundary cap neural crest stem cells (bNCSCs), a transient cluster of cells, which are located at the boundary between the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system and assist the growth of sensory axons from periphery into the spinal cord during development. The superficial dorsal spinal cord vasculature was examined using intravital microscopy and intravascular BV labelling. bNCSC transplantation increased vascular volume in a non-dose responsive manner, whereas dorsal root avulsion alone did not decrease the vascular volume. To determine whether bNCSC are endowed with angiogenic properties we prepared 3D printed scaffolds, containing bNCSCs together with rings prepared from mouse aorta. We show that bNCSC do induce migration and assembly of endothelial cells in this system. These findings suggest that bNCSC transplant can promote vascularization in vivo and contribute to BV formation in 3D printed scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Trolle
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Rehabilitation Medicine, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yilin Han
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Biomedical Center, PO Box 815, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shivaprakash Jagalur Mutt
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 571, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Christoffersson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 571, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena N Kozlova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University Biomedical Center, PO Box 815, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden.
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19
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Zhou X, Tang A, Xiong C, Zhang G, Huang L, Xu F. Oriented Graphene Oxide Scaffold Promotes Nerve Regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2573-2589. [PMID: 38505172 PMCID: PMC10949378 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s439656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Treating peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) with defects remains challenging in clinical practice. The commercial conduits have shown suboptimal nerve regeneration and functional recovery due to their basic tubular design without electroactive and oriented topographical cues. Purpose To develop a new scaffold with oriented microstructure and electroactive Graphene oxide (GO) and investigate its' therapeutic effect on nerve regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Methods This study employed a straightforward approach to co-spin PCL and GO, yielding an oriented hybrid nanofibrous scaffold known as the O-GO/PCL scaffold. The physical and chemical properties of nanofibrous scaffold were tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), tensile test and so on. Primary Schwann cells (SCs) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were used to investigate the impact of the newly developed scaffolds on the biological behavior of neural cells in vitro. Transcriptome sequencing (mRNA-seq) was employed to probe the underlying mechanisms of the synergistic effect of electroactive GO and longitudinal topographic guidance on nerve regeneration. Furthermore, the developed O-GO/PCL scaffold was utilized to bridge a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect in rat, aiming to investigate its therapeutic potential for peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. Results and discussion The SEM and TEM revealed that the newly developed O-GO/PCL scaffold showed longitudinally oriented microstructure and GO particles were homogenously and uniformly distributed inside the nanofibers. Primary SCs were utilized to assess the biocompatibility of the GO-based scaffold, revealing that negligible cytotoxicity when GO concentration does not exceed 0.5%. In vitro analysis of nerve regeneration demonstrated that axons in the O-GO/PCL group exhibited an average length of 1054.88 ± 161.32 µm, significant longer than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, mRNA sequencing results suggested that the O-GO/PCL scaffold could enhance nerve regeneration by upregulating genes associated with neural regeneration, encompassing ion transport, axon guidance and cell-cell interactions. Most importantly, we employed the O-GO/PCL scaffold to repair a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect in rat, resulting in augmented nerve regeneration, myelination, and functional recovery. Conclusion The O-GO/PCL scaffold with oriented microstructure and electroactive GO represents a promising heral nerve reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aolin Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, 430070, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Zhang N, Ji Q, Chen Y, Wen X, Shan F. TREM2 deficiency impairs the energy metabolism of Schwann cells and exacerbates peripheral neurological deficits. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:193. [PMID: 38453910 PMCID: PMC10920707 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) has been implicated in susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease. Schwann cells (SCs), the predominant glial cell type in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), play a crucial role in myelination, providing trophic support for neurons and nerve regeneration. However, the function of TREM2 in SCs has not been fully elucidated. Here, we found that TREM2 is expressed in SCs but not in neurons in the PNS. TREM2 deficiency leads to disruption of glycolytic flux and oxidative metabolism in SCs, impairing cell proliferation. The energy crisis caused by TREM2 deficiency triggers mitochondrial damage and autophagy by activating AMPK and impairing PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling. Combined metabolomic analysis demonstrated that energic substrates and energy metabolic pathways were significantly impaired in TREM2-deficient SCs. Moreover, TREM2 deficiency impairs energy metabolism and axonal growth in sciatic nerve, accompanied by exacerbation of neurological deficits and suppression of nerve regeneration in a mouse model of acute motor axonal neuropathy. These results indicate that TREM2 is a critical regulator of energy metabolism in SCs and exerts neuroprotective effects on peripheral neuropathy. TREM2 deficiency impairs glycolysis and oxidative metabolism in Schwann cells, resulting in compromised cell proliferation. The energy crisis caused by TREM2 deficiency induces mitochondrial damage and autophagy by activating AMPK and impairing PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling. Moreover, TREM2 deficiency disrupts the energy metabolism of the sciatic nerve and impairs support for axonal regeneration, accompanied by exacerbation of neurological deficits and suppression of nerve regeneration in a mouse model of acute motor axonal neuropathy (by FigDraw).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- Medical Research Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Qingjie Ji
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xiwu Wen
- Medical Research Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Fangzhen Shan
- Medical Research Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.
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21
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Huang C, Zheng Y, Ji R, Qiao L, Zhang X, Lin H, Liu F, Xu J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Yang X. GPNMB promotes peripheral nerve regeneration by activating the Erk1/2 and Akt pathways via binding Na +/K +-ATPase α1 in Schwann cells. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114687. [PMID: 38199512 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is ubiquitously expressed and has protective effects on the central nervous system. In particular, it is also expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and upregulated after peripheral nerve injury. However, the role and underlying mechanism of GPNMB in the PNS, especially in peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR), are still unknown and need to be further investigated. In this study, recombinant human GPNMB (rhGPNMB) was injected into a sciatic nerve injury model. It was found that rhGPNMB facilitated the regeneration and functional recovery of the injured sciatic nerve in vivo. Moreover, it was also confirmed that GPNMB activated the Erk1/2 and Akt pathways via binding with Na+/K + -ATPase α1 (NKA α1) and promoted the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells (SCs) and their expression and secretion of neurotrophic factors and neural adhesion molecules in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that GPNMB facilitates PNR through activation of the Erk1/2 and Akt pathways in SCs by binding with NKA α1 and may be a novel strategy for PNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yani Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruijuan Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuquan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiangqun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, #800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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22
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Xia X, Shi C, Tsien C, Sun CB, Xie L, Luo Z, Bian M, Russano K, Thakur HS, Benowitz LI, Goldberg JL, Kapiloff MS. Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Enhances Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival But Suppresses Axon Regeneration after Optic Nerve Injury. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0478-23.2024. [PMID: 38548335 PMCID: PMC10978821 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0478-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection after injury or in neurodegenerative disease remains a major goal for basic and translational neuroscience. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the projection neurons of the eye, degenerate in optic neuropathies after axon injury, and there are no clinical therapies to prevent their loss or restore their connectivity to targets in the brain. Here we demonstrate a profound neuroprotective effect of the exogenous expression of various Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) isoforms in mice. A dramatic increase in RGC survival following the optic nerve trauma was elicited by the expression of constitutively active variants of multiple CaMKII isoforms in RGCs using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors across a 100-fold range of AAV dosing in vivo. Despite this neuroprotection, however, short-distance RGC axon sprouting was suppressed by CaMKII, and long-distance axon regeneration elicited by several pro-axon growth treatments was likewise inhibited even as CaMKII further enhanced RGC survival. Notably, in a dose-escalation study, AAV-expressed CaMKII was more potent for axon growth suppression than the promotion of survival. That diffuse overexpression of constitutively active CaMKII strongly promotes RGC survival after axon injury may be clinically valuable for neuroprotection per se. However, the associated strong suppression of the optic nerve axon regeneration demonstrates the need for understanding the intracellular domain- and target-specific CaMKII activities to the development of CaMKII signaling pathway-directed strategies for the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94034
| | - Caleb Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Christina Tsien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94034
| | - Catalina B Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94034
| | - Lili Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Ziming Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94034
| | - Minjuan Bian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94034
| | - Kristina Russano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94034
| | - Hrishikesh Singh Thakur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94034
| | - Larry I Benowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Department of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94034
| | - Michael S Kapiloff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94034
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23
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Tereshenko V, Dotzauer DC, Schmoll M, Harnoncourt L, Carrero Rojas G, Gfrerer L, Eberlin KR, Austen WG, Blumer R, Farina D, Aszmann OC. Peripheral neural interfaces: Skeletal muscles are hyper-reinnervated according to the axonal capacity of the surgically rewired nerves. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadj3872. [PMID: 38416828 PMCID: PMC10901366 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj3872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Advances in robotics have outpaced the capabilities of man-machine interfaces to decipher and transfer neural information to and from prosthetic devices. We emulated clinical scenarios where high- (facial) or low-neural capacity (ulnar) donor nerves were surgically rewired to the sternomastoid muscle, which is controlled by a very small number of motor axons. Using retrograde tracing and electrophysiological assessments, we observed a nearly 15-fold functional hyper-reinnervation of the muscle after high-capacity nerve transfer, demonstrating its capability of generating a multifold of neuromuscular junctions. Moreover, the surgically redirected axons influenced the muscle's physiological characteristics, by altering the expression of myosin heavy-chain types in alignment with the donor nerve. These findings highlight the remarkable capacity of skeletal muscles to act as biological amplifiers of neural information from the spinal cord for governing bionic prostheses, with the potential of expressing high-dimensional neural function for high-information transfer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Tereshenko
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Laboratory for Bionic Extremity Reconstruction, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik C Dotzauer
- Clinical Laboratory for Bionic Extremity Reconstruction, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schmoll
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Harnoncourt
- Clinical Laboratory for Bionic Extremity Reconstruction, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Genova Carrero Rojas
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Gfrerer
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle R Eberlin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William G Austen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland Blumer
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dario Farina
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Oskar C Aszmann
- Clinical Laboratory for Bionic Extremity Reconstruction, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Rademakers DJ, Saffari S, Saffari TM, Pulos N, Shin AY. The Effect of Local Purified Exosome Product, Stem Cells, and Tacrolimus on Neurite Extension. J Hand Surg Am 2024; 49:237-246. [PMID: 38165293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The combination of cellular and noncellular treatments has been postulated to improve nerve regeneration through a processed nerve allograft. This study aimed to evaluate the isolated effect of treatment with purified exosome product (PEP), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and tacrolimus (FK506) alone and in combination when applied in decellularized allografts. METHODS A three-dimensional in vitro-compartmented cell culture system was used to evaluate the length of regenerating neurites from the neonatal dorsal root ganglion into the adjacent peripheral nerve graft. Decellularized nerve allografts were treated with undifferentiated MSCs, 5% PEP, 100 ng/mL FK506, PEP and FK506 combined, or MSCs and FK506 combined (N = 9/group) and compared with untreated nerve autografts (positive control) and nerve allografts (negative control). Neurite extension was measured to quantify nerve regeneration after 48 hours, and stem cell viability was evaluated. RESULTS Stem cell viability was confirmed in all MSC-treated nerve grafts. Treatments with PEP, PEP + FK506, and MSCs + FK506 combined were found to be superior to untreated allografts and not significantly different from autografts. Combined PEP and FK506 treatment resulted in the greatest neurite extension. Treatment with FK506 and MSCs was significantly superior to MSC alone. The combined treatment groups were not found to be statistically different. CONCLUSIONS Although all treatments improved neurite outgrowth, treatments with PEP, PEP + FK506, and MSCs + FK506 combined had superior neurite growth compared with untreated allografts and were not found to be significantly different from autografts, the current gold standard. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Purified exosome product, a cell-free exosome product, is a promising adjunct to enhance nerve allograft regeneration, with possible future avenues for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan J Rademakers
- Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Saffari
- Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Plastic Surgery, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tiam M Saffari
- Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nicholas Pulos
- Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Alexander Y Shin
- Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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25
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Stadlmayr S, Peter K, Millesi F, Rad A, Wolf S, Mero S, Zehl M, Mentler A, Gusenbauer C, Konnerth J, Schniepp HC, Lichtenegger H, Naghilou A, Radtke C. Comparative Analysis of Various Spider Silks in Regard to Nerve Regeneration: Material Properties and Schwann Cell Response. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302968. [PMID: 38079208 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve reconstruction through the employment of nerve guidance conduits with Trichonephila dragline silk as a luminal filling has emerged as an outstanding preclinical alternative to avoid nerve autografts. Yet, it remains unknown whether the outcome is similar for silk fibers harvested from other spider species. This study compares the regenerative potential of dragline silk from two orb-weaving spiders, Trichonephila inaurata and Nuctenea umbratica, as well as the silk of the jumping spider Phidippus regius. Proliferation, migration, and transcriptomic state of Schwann cells seeded on these silks are investigated. In addition, fiber morphology, primary protein structure, and mechanical properties are studied. The results demonstrate that the increased velocity of Schwann cells on Phidippus regius fibers can be primarily attributed to the interplay between the silk's primary protein structure and its mechanical properties. Furthermore, the capacity of silk fibers to trigger cells toward a gene expression profile of a myelinating Schwann cell phenotype is shown. The findings for the first time allow an in-depth comparison of the specific cellular response to various native spider silks and a correlation with the fibers' material properties. This knowledge is essential to open up possibilities for targeted manufacturing of synthetic nervous tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stadlmayr
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolina Peter
- Institute for Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Flavia Millesi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anda Rad
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sonja Wolf
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sascha Mero
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Axel Mentler
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Claudia Gusenbauer
- Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln an der Donau, 3430, Austria
| | - Johannes Konnerth
- Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln an der Donau, 3430, Austria
| | - Hannes C Schniepp
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, 23185, USA
| | - Helga Lichtenegger
- Institute for Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Aida Naghilou
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Medical Systems Biophysics and Bioengineering, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Wang L, Zhang S, Han Y, Tang S, Li J, Bu L, Zhao D, Deng H. An effective pharmacological hydrogel induces optic nerve repair and improves visual function. Sci China Life Sci 2024; 67:529-542. [PMID: 38041780 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible eye lesions, such as glaucoma and traumatic optic neuropathy, can cause blindness; however, no effective treatments exist. The optic nerve, in particular, lacks the capacity to spontaneously regenerate, requiring the development of an effective approach for optic nerve repair, which has proven challenging. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of the small molecules 3BDO and trichostatin A (TSA)-which regulate mTOR and HDAC, respectively-packaged in thermosensitive hydrogel for 4-week-sustained release after intravitreal injection, effectively induced optic nerve regeneration in a mouse model of optic nerve crush injury. Moreover, this combination of 3BDO and TSA also protected axon projections and improved visual responses in an old mouse model (11 months old) of glaucoma. Taken together, our data provide a new, local small molecule-based treatment for the effective induction of optic nerve repair, which may represent a foundation for the development of pharmacological methods to treat irreversible eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yawen Han
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuo Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lina Bu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongkui Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Duan Q, Zheng H, Qin Y, Yan J, Wang J, Burgess SM, Fan C. Stat3 Has a Different Role in Axon Growth During Development Than It Does in Axon Regeneration After Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1753-1768. [PMID: 37775721 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is essential for neural development and regeneration as a key transcription factor and mitochondrial activator. However, the mechanism of Stat3 in axon development and regeneration has not been fully understood. In this study, using zebrafish posterior lateral line (PLL) axons, we demonstrate that Stat3 plays distinct roles in PLL axon embryonic growth and regeneration. Our experiments indicate that stat3 is required for PLL axon extension. In stat3 mutant zebrafish, the PLL axon ends were stalled at the level of the cloaca, and expression of stat3 rescues the PLL axon growth in a cell-autonomous manner. Jak/Stat signaling inhibition did not affect PLL axon growth indicating Jak/Stat was dispensable for PLL axon growth. In addition, we found that Stat3 was co-localized with mitochondria in PLL axons and important for the mitochondrial membrane potential and ATPase activity. The PLL axon growth defect of stat3 mutants was mimicked and rescued by rotenone and DCHC treatment, respectively, which suggests that Stat3 regulates PLL axon growth through mitochondrial Stat3. By contrast, mutation of stat3 or Jak/Stat signaling inhibition retarded PLL axon regeneration. Meanwhile, we also found Schwann cell migration was also inhibited in stat3 mutants. Taken together, Stat3 is required for embryonic PLL axon growth by regulating the ATP synthesis efficiency of mitochondria, whereas Stat3 stimulates PLL axon regeneration by regulating Schwann cell migration via Jak/Stat signaling. Our findings show a new mechanism of Stat3 in axon growth and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwen Duan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongfei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jizhou Yan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chunxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lingang New Area, Shanghai, China.
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Bhattacharya SK, Alabiad CR, Kishor K. Appropriate patient population for future visual system axon regeneration therapies. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1637. [PMID: 38093604 PMCID: PMC10939871 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
A number of blinding diseases caused by damage to the optic nerve result in progressive vision loss or loss of visual acuity. Secondary glaucoma results from traumatic injuries, pseudoexfoliation or pigmentary dispersion syndrome. Progressive peripheral vision loss is common to all secondary glaucoma irrespective of the initial event. Axon regeneration is a potential therapeutic avenue to restore lost vision in these patients. In contrast to the usual approach of having the worst possible patient population for initial therapies, axon regeneration may require consideration of appropriate patient population even for initial treatment trials. The current state of axon regeneration therapies, their potential future and suitable patient population when ready is discussed in this perspective. The selection of patients are important for adoption of axon regeneration specifically in the areas of central nervous system regenerative medicine. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Biomedical Engineering Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishna Kishor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, 1638 NW 10 Avenue, Miami, Florida, 33136
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29
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Li J, Lu JE, Bokman CL, Chang JR. Other Neurogenic Ptosis: Aberrant Facial Nerve Regeneration. J Neuroophthalmol 2024; 44:e143-e144. [PMID: 36000761 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Li
- Keck School of Medicine (JL), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and Keck School of Medicine of USC (JEL, CLB, JRC), USC Roski Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
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30
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Iwahashi T, Suzuki K, Tanaka H, Matsuoka H, Nishimoto S, Hirai Y, Kasuya T, Shimada T, Yoshimura Y, Oka K, Murase T, Okada S. Neurotropin® accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. J Orthop Sci 2024; 29:653-659. [PMID: 36858838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injuries are common and serious conditions. The effect of Neurotropin® (NTP), a nonprotein extract derived from the inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus, on peripheral nerve regeneration has not been fully elucidated. However, it has analgesic properties via the activation of descending pain inhibitory systems. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the effects of NTP on peripheral nerve regeneration. METHODS We examined axonal outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons using immunocytochemistry in vitro. In addition, nerve regeneration was evaluated functionally, electrophysiologically, and histologically in a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model in vivo. Furthermore, gene expression of neurotrophic factors in the injured sciatic nerves and DRGs was evaluated. RESULTS In the dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro, NTP promoted axonal outgrowth at a concentration of 10 mNU/mL. Moreover, the systemic administration of NTP contributed to the recovery of motor and sensory function at 2 weeks, and of sensory function, nerve conduction velocity, terminal latency, and axon-remyelination 4 weeks after sciatic nerve injury. In the gene expression assessment, insulin-like growth factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions were increased in the injured sciatic nerve 2 days postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, NTP might be effective in not only treating chronic pain but also promoting peripheral nerve regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Iwahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Sports Medical Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hozo Matsuoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Itami City Hospital, Hyogo, 664-8540, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nishimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Yukio Hirai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kasuya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiki Shimada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yoshimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Oka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murase
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Franklin RJM, Bodini B, Goldman SA. Remyelination in the Central Nervous System. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041371. [PMID: 38316552 PMCID: PMC10910446 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The inability of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) to undergo spontaneous regeneration has long been regarded as a central tenet of neurobiology. However, while this is largely true of the neuronal elements of the adult mammalian CNS, save for discrete populations of granule neurons, the same is not true of its glial elements. In particular, the loss of oligodendrocytes, which results in demyelination, triggers a spontaneous and often highly efficient regenerative response, remyelination, in which new oligodendrocytes are generated and myelin sheaths are restored to denuded axons. Yet remyelination in humans is not without limitation, and a variety of demyelinating conditions are associated with sustained and disabling myelin loss. In this work, we will (1) review the biology of remyelination, including the cells and signals involved; (2) describe when remyelination occurs and when and why it fails, including the consequences of its failure; and (3) discuss approaches for therapeutically enhancing remyelination in demyelinating diseases of both children and adults, both by stimulating endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and by transplanting these cells into demyelinated brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J M Franklin
- Altos Labs Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Benedetta Bodini
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75013, France
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris 75012, France
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
- University of Copenhagen Faculty of Medicine, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Wang X, Hu S, Ouyang S, Pan X, Fu Y, Chen X, Wu S. TsMS combined with EA promotes functional recovery and axonal regeneration via mediating the miR-539-5p/Sema3A/PlexinA1 signalling axis in sciatic nerve-injured rats. Neurosci Lett 2024; 824:137691. [PMID: 38373630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing axonal regeneration is one of the most important processes in treating nerve injuries. Both magnetic and electrical stimulation have the effect of promoting nerve axon regeneration. But few study has investigated the effects of trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (TsMS) combined with electroacupuncture (EA) on nerve regeneration in rats with sciatic nerve injury. In this study, we compared the improvement of neurological function in rats with sciatic nerve crush injuries after 4 weeks of different interventions (EA, TsMS, or TsMS combined with EA). We further explored the morphological and molecular biological alterations following sciatic nerve injury by HE, Masson, RT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and small RNA transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that TsMS combined with EA treatment significantly promoted axonal regeneration, increased the survival rate of neurons, and suppressed denervation atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle. Subsequent experiments suggested that the combination treatment may play an active role by mediating the miR-539-5p/Sema3A/PlexinA1 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shouxing Hu
- Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuai Ouyang
- Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Pan
- Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yingxue Fu
- Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 28 Guiyi Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Guizhou Medical University, 9 Beijing Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Wang J, Chen P, Han G, Zhou Y, Xiang X, Bian M, Huang L, Wang X, He B, Lu S. Rab32 facilitates Schwann cell pyroptosis in rats following peripheral nerve injury by elevating ROS levels. J Transl Med 2024; 22:194. [PMID: 38388913 PMCID: PMC10885539 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is commonly observed in clinical practice, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the correlation between the expression of a Ras-related protein Rab32 and pyroptosis in rats following PNI, and potential mechanisms have been explored by which Rab32 may influence Schwann cells pyroptosis and ultimately peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR) through the regulation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. METHODS The authors investigated the induction of Schwann cell pyroptosis and the elevated expression of Rab32 in a rat model of PNI. In vitro experiments revealed an upregulation of Rab32 during Schwann cell pyroptosis. Furthermore, the effect of Rab32 on the level of ROS in mitochondria in pyroptosis model has also been studied. Finally, the effects of knocking down the Rab32 gene on PNR were assessed, morphology, sensory and motor functions of sciatic nerves, electrophysiology and immunohistochemical analysis were conducted to assess the therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS Silencing Rab32 attenuated PNI-induced Schwann cell pyroptosis and promoted peripheral nerve regeneration. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that Rab32 induces significant oxidative stress by damaging the mitochondria of Schwann cells in the pyroptosis model in vitro. CONCLUSION Rab32 exacerbated Schwann cell pyroptosis in PNI model, leading to delayed peripheral nerve regeneration. Rab32 can be a potential target for future therapeutic strategy in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanjie Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingdong Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxuan Bian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Binfeng He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Genel Practice, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Shunyi Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Shlapakova LE, Botvin VV, Mukhortova YR, Zharkova II, Alipkina SI, Zeltzer A, Dudun AA, Makhina T, Bonartseva GA, Voinova VV, Wagner DV, Pariy I, Bonartsev AP, Surmenev RA, Surmeneva MA. Magnetoactive Composite Conduits Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Magnetite Nanoparticles for Repair of Peripheral Nerve Injury. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:1095-1114. [PMID: 38270084 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury poses a threat to the mobility and sensitivity of a nerve, thereby leading to permanent function loss due to the low regenerative capacity of mature neurons. To date, the most widely clinically applied approach to bridging nerve injuries is autologous nerve grafting, which faces challenges such as donor site morbidity, donor shortages, and the necessity of a second surgery. An effective therapeutic strategy is urgently needed worldwide to overcome the current limitations. Herein, a magnetic nerve guidance conduit (NGC) based on biocompatible biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and 8 wt % of magnetite nanoparticles modified by citric acid (Fe3O4-CA) was fabricated by electrospinning. The crystalline structure of NGCs was studied by X-ray diffraction, which indicated an enlarged β-phase of PHB in the composite conduit compared to a pure PHB conduit. Tensile tests revealed greater ductility of PHB/Fe3O4-CA: the composite conduit has Young's modulus of 221 ± 52 MPa and an elongation at break of 28.6 ± 2.9%, comparable to clinical materials. Saturation magnetization (σs) of Fe3O4-CA and PHB/Fe3O4-CA is 61.88 ± 0.29 and 7.44 ± 0.07 emu/g, respectively. The water contact angle of the PHB/Fe3O4-CA conduit is lower as compared to pure PHB, while surface free energy (σ) is significantly higher, which was attributed to higher surface roughness and an amorphous phase as well as possible PHB/Fe3O4-CA interface interactions. In vitro, the conduits supported the proliferation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) and SH-SY5Y cells in a low-frequency magnetic field (0.67 Hz, 68 mT). In vivo, the conduits were used to bridge damaged sciatic nerves in rats; pure PHB and composite PHB/Fe3O4-CA conduits did not cause acute inflammation and performed a barrier function, which promotes nerve regeneration. Thus, these conduits are promising as implants for the regeneration of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada E Shlapakova
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Botvin
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Yulia R Mukhortova
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Irina I Zharkova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Svetlana I Alipkina
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Angelina Zeltzer
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Andrey A Dudun
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave 33, Bldg. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Tatiana Makhina
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave 33, Bldg. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Garina A Bonartseva
- Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave 33, Bldg. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Vera V Voinova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Wagner
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Igor Pariy
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Anton P Bonartsev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Roman A Surmenev
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Maria A Surmeneva
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Center, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Yao L, Xu W, Liu L, Xu X, Xi H, Xue B, Cao X, Lin S, Piao G, Sun J, Wang X. The involvement of Neuregulin-1 in the process of facial nerve injury repair through the utilization of dental pulp stem cells. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:238. [PMID: 38355448 PMCID: PMC10868091 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial nerve injury often results in poor prognosis due to the challenging process of nerve regeneration. Neuregulin-1, a human calmodulin, is under investigation in this study for its impact on the reparative capabilities of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) in facial nerve injury. METHODS Lentivirus was used to transfect and construct Neuregulin-1 overexpressed DPSCs. Various techniques assessed the effects of Neuregulin-1: osteogenic induction, lipid induction, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, wound healing, immunofluorescence, Phalloidin staining, nerve stem action potential, Hematoxylin-eosin staining, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Neuregulin-1 effectively enhanced the proliferation, migration, and cytoskeletal rearrangement of DPSCs, while simultaneously suppressing the expression of Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) and Microfilament actin (F-actin). These changes facilitated the neural differentiation of DPSCs. Additionally, in vivo experiments showed that Neuregulin-1 expedited the restoration of action potential in the facial nerve trunk, increased the thickness of the myelin sheath, and stimulated axon regeneration. CONCLUSION Neuregulin-1 has the capability to facilitate the repair of facial nerve injuries by promoting the regenerative capacity of DPSCs. Thus, Neuregulin-1 is a significant potential gene in the reparative processes of nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Yao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Wanqiu Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Lixue Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Xiaohang Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Hualei Xi
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Bing Xue
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Xiaofang Cao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Guiyan Piao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150001, China.
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Yi W, Xue Y, Qing W, Cao Y, Zhou L, Xu M, Sun Z, Li Y, Mai X, Shi L, He C, Zhang F, Duh EJ, Cao Y, Liu X. Effective treatment of optic neuropathies by intraocular delivery of MSC-sEVs through augmenting the G-CSF-macrophage pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2305947121. [PMID: 38289952 PMCID: PMC10861878 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305947121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Optic neuropathies, characterized by injury of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons of the optic nerve, cause incurable blindness worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) represent a promising "cell-free" therapy for regenerative medicine; however, the therapeutic effect on neural restoration fluctuates, and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we illustrated that intraocular administration of MSC-sEVs promoted both RGC survival and axon regeneration in an optic nerve crush mouse model. Mechanistically, MSC-sEVs primarily targeted retinal mural cells to release high levels of colony-stimulating factor 3 (G-CSF) that recruited a neural restorative population of Ly6Clow monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages (Mo/MΦ). Intravitreal administration of G-CSF, a clinically proven agent for treating neutropenia, or donor Ly6Clow Mo/MΦ markedly improved neurological outcomes in vivo. Together, our data define a unique mechanism of MSC-sEV-induced G-CSF-to-Ly6Clow Mo/MΦ signaling in repairing optic nerve injury and highlight local delivery of MSC-sEVs, G-CSF, and Ly6Clow Mo/MΦ as therapeutic paradigms for the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingxue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Mingming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zehui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Elia J. Duh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21287
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou510060, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Y, Yang B, Huang Z, Yang Z, Wang J, Ao Q, Yin G, Li Y. Progress and mechanism of graphene oxide-composited materials in application of peripheral nerve repair. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113672. [PMID: 38071946 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are one of the most common nerve injuries, and graphene oxide (GO) has demonstrated significant potential in the treatment of PNI. GO could enhance the proliferation, adhesion, migration, and differentiation of neuronal cells by upregulating the expression of relevant proteins, and regulate the angiogenesis process and immune response. Therefore, GO is a suitable additional component for fabricating artificial nerve scaffolds (ANS), in which the slight addition of GO could improve the physicochemical performance of the matrix materials, through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction. GO-composited ANS can increase the expression of nerve regeneration-associated genes and factors, promoting angiogenesis by activating the RAS/MAPK and AKT-eNOS-VEGF signaling pathway, respectively. Moreover, GO could be metabolized and excreted from the body through the pathway of peroxidase degradation in vivo. Consequently, the application of GO in PNI regeneration exhibits significant potential for transitioning from laboratory research to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China; Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China; Precision Medical Center of Southwest China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Zhongbing Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China.
| | - Zhaopu Yang
- Center for Drug Inspection, Guizhou Medical Products Administration, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China; Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, China
| | - Guangfu Yin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ya Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, China; Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, China
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Bazan HEP, Pham TL. A new R,R-RvD6 isomer with protective actions following corneal nerve injury. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 170:106802. [PMID: 38036037 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The transparent cornea is the most densely innervated tissue in the body, primarily by sensory nerves originating from the trigeminal ganglia (TG). Damage to corneal nerves reduces sensitivity and tear secretion and results in dry eye. Consequently, ocular pain, for which no satisfactory therapies exist, arises in many cases. Treatment of injured corneas with pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) combined with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) stimulates nerve regeneration in models of refractive surgery, which damages nerves. The mechanism involves the synthesis of a stereoisomer of resolvin D6 (R,R-RvD6) formed after incorporating DHA into membrane lipids. Activation of a PEDF receptor (PEDF-R) with phospholipase activity releases DHA to synthesize the new resolvin isomer, which is secreted via tears. Topical treatment of mice corneas with R,R-RvD6 shows higher bioactivity in regenerating nerves and increasing sensitivity compared to PEDF+DHA. It also stimulates a transcriptome in the TG that modulates genes involved in ocular pain. Our studies suggest an important therapeutic role for R,R-RvD6 in regenerating corneal nerves and decreasing pain resulting from dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee E P Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Thang L Pham
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence and Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Lee J, Nguyen S, Bhattacharya S. Optic nerve regeneration: Potential treatment approaches. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2024; 74:102428. [PMID: 38171063 PMCID: PMC10922496 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The optic nerve, predominantly constituted by the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), lacks the ability to regenerate and re-establish function after injury. RGCs are crucial for visual function, and thus, RGC death contributes to the development of numerous progressive neurodegenerative optic neuropathies including glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, and optic neuritis. Regenerating optic nerve axons poses numerous challenges due to factors such as the intricate and inhibitory conditions that exist within their environment, intrinsic breaks to regeneration, and the geometric tortuosity that offers physical hindrance to axon growth. However, recent research advancements offer hope for clinically meaningful regeneration for those who suffer from optic nerve damage. In this review, we highlight the current treatment approaches for optic nerve axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Sherilyn Nguyen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sanjoy Bhattacharya
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Glaser JJ, Aman M, Böcker AH, Thielen M, Harhaus L. [Nerve Transfers in Peripheral Nerve Lesions]. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2024; 56:49-54. [PMID: 38316412 DOI: 10.1055/a-2228-7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesions of peripheral nerves of the upper extremities often lead to persistent, serious limitations in motor function and sensory perception. Affected patients suffer from both private and professional restrictions associated with long-term physical, psychological and socioeconomic consequences. INDICATION An early indication for a nerve transfer shortens the reinnervation distance and improves the growing of motor and sensory axons into the target organ to facilitate early mobility and sensitivity. When planning the timepoint of the surgical procedure, the distance to be covered by reinnervation as well as the morbidities of donor nerves must be considered individually. RESULTS Nerve transfers can achieve earlier and safer reinnervation to improve motor and sensory functions after nerve injuries in the upper extremity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Janine Glaser
- Abteilung Handchirurgie, Periphere Nervenchirurgie, Rehabilitation, BG Klinik Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Aman
- Abteilung Handchirurgie, Periphere Nervenchirurgie, Rehabilitation, BG Klinik Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Arne Hendrik Böcker
- Abteilung Handchirurgie, Periphere Nervenchirurgie, Rehabilitation, BG Klinik Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Thielen
- Abteilung Handchirurgie, Periphere Nervenchirurgie, Rehabilitation, BG Klinik Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Leila Harhaus
- Abteilung Handchirurgie, Periphere Nervenchirurgie, Rehabilitation, BG Klinik Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Bertelli JA, Rosa ICN, Ghizoni MF. Retrograde peripheral nerve regeneration from sensory to motor pathways in rats: a new experimental concept in nerve repair. Neurol Res 2024; 46:125-131. [PMID: 37729085 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2258039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polarity of nerve grafts does not interfere with axon growth. Our goal was to investigate whether axons can regenerate in a retrograde fashion within sensory pathways and then extend into motor pathways, leading to muscle reinnervation. METHODS Fifty-four rats were randomized into four groups. In Group 1, the ulnar nerve was connected end-to-end to the superficial radial nerve after neurectomy of the radial nerve in the axilla. In Group 2, the ulnar nerve was connected end-to-end to the radial nerve distal to the humerus; the radial nerve then was divided in the axilla. In Group 3, the radial nerve was divided in the axilla, but no nerve reconstruction was performed. In Group 4, the radial nerve was crushed in the axilla. Over 6 months, we behaviorally assessed the recovery of toe spread in the right operated-upon forepaw by lifting the rat by its tail and lowering it onto a flat surface. Six months after surgery, rats underwent reoperation, nerve transfers were tested electrophysiologically, and the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) was removed for histological evaluation. RESULTS Rats in the crush group recovered toe spread between 5 and 8 days after surgery. Rats with nerve transfers demonstrated electrophysiological and histological findings of nerve regeneration but no behavioral recovery. CONCLUSIONS Ulnar nerve axons regrew into the superficial radial nerve and then into the PIN to reinnervate the extensor digitorum communis. We were unable to demonstrate behavioral recovery because rats cannot readapt to cross-nerve transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme A Bertelli
- Department of Surgery in lieu of Department of Surgical Techniques, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Isadora Carvalho Nunes Rosa
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, University of the South of Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcos F Ghizoni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, University of the South of Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Jiang X, Wang W, Tang J, Han M, Xu Y, Zhang L, Wu J, Huang Y, Ding Z, Sun H, Xi K, Gu Y, Chen L. Ligand-Screened Cerium-Based MOF Microcapsules Promote Nerve Regeneration via Mitochondrial Energy Supply. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306780. [PMID: 38037294 PMCID: PMC10853750 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Although mitochondria are crucial for recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI), therapeutic strategies to modulate mitochondrial metabolic energy to coordinate the immune response and nerve regeneration are lacking. Here, a ligand-screened cerium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) with better ROS scavenging and drug-loading abilities is encapsulated with polydopamine after loading creatine to obtain microcapsules (Cr/Ce@PDA nanoparticles), which reverse the energy deficits in both macrophages and neuronal cells by combining ROS scavenging and energy supplementation. It reprogrames inflammatory macrophages to the proregenerative phenotype via the succinate/HIF-1α/IL-1β signaling axis. It also promotes the regeneration and differentiation of neural cells by activating the mTOR pathway and paracrine function of macrophages. In vivo experiments further confirm the effect of the microcapsules in regulating early ROS-inflammation positive-feedback chain reactions and continuously promoting nerve regeneration. This study provides a new strategy for correcting mitochondrial energy deficiency in the immune response and nerve regeneration following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhao Jiang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Jincheng Tang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Meng Han
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
- Department of Spinal SurgeryXuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou221000China
| | - Yichang Xu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Yiyang Huang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Zhouye Ding
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Huiwen Sun
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Kun Xi
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of OrthopedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityOrthopedic InstituteSoochow University188 Shizi RoadSuzhouJiangsu215000China
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Yang Q, Xu Y, Bin X, Chan KP, Chen S, Qian Z, Yao Y, Yuan XL, Qiu K, Huang Y, Ng TK. Combined treatment of human mesenchymal stem cells and green tea extract on retinal ganglion cell regeneration in rats after optic nerve injury. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109787. [PMID: 38211683 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and axonal loss cause irreversible vision loss upon optic nerve (ON) injury. We have independently demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and green tea extract (GTE) promote RGC survival and axonal regeneration in rats with ON injury. Here we aimed to evaluate the combined treatment effect of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs) and GTE on RGC survival and axonal regeneration after ON injury. Combined treatment of hBM-MSCs and GTE promoted RGC survival and neurite outgrowth/axonal regeneration in ex vivo retinal explant culture and in rats after ON injury. GTE increased Stat3 activation in the retina after combined treatment, and enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion from hBM-MSCs. Treatment of 10 μg/mL GTE would not induce hBM-MSC apoptosis, but inhibited their proliferation, migration, and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro with reducing matrix metalloproteinase secretions. In summary, this study revealed that GTE can enhance RGC protective effect of hBM-MSCs, suggesting that stem cell priming could be a prospective strategy enhancing the properties of stem cells for ON injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Yang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Bin
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kwok Ping Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaowan Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Qian
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunliang Qiu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqiang Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Tian MY, Yang YD, Qin WT, Liu BN, Mou FF, Zhu J, Guo HD, Shao SJ. Electroacupuncture Promotes Nerve Regeneration and Functional Recovery Through Regulating lncRNA GAS5 Targeting miR-21 After Sciatic Nerve Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:935-949. [PMID: 37672149 PMCID: PMC10861712 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the benefits of electroacupuncture (EA) for peripheral nerve injury (PNI) are well accepted in clinical practice, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. In our study, we observed that EA intervention led to a reduction in the expression of the long non-coding RNA growth-arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) and an increased in miR-21 levels within the injured nerve, effectively promoting functional recovery and nerve regeneration following sciatic nerve injury (SNI). In contrast, administration of adeno-associated virus expressing GAS5 (AAV-GAS5) weakened the therapeutic effect of EA. On the other hand, both silencing GAS5 and introducing a miR-21 mimic prominently enhanced the proliferation activity and migration ability of Schwann cells (SCs), while also inhibiting SCs apoptosis. On the contrary, inhibition of SCs apoptosis was found to be mediated by miR-21. Additionally, overexpression of GAS5 counteracted the effects of the miR-21 mimic on SCs. Moreover, SCs that transfected with the miR-21 mimic promoted neurite growth in hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced neurons, which might be prevented by overexpressing GAS5. Furthermore, GAS5 was found to be widely distributed in the cytoplasm and was negatively regulated by miR-21. Consequently, the targeting of GAS5 by miR-21 represents a potential mechanism through which EA enhances reinnervation and functional restoration following SNI. Mechanistically, the GAS5/miR-21 axis can modulate the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of SCs while potentially influencing the neurite growth of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Tian
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Duo Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wan-Ting Qin
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bao-Nian Liu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fang-Fang Mou
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hai-Dong Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Shui-Jin Shao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Cao S, Yihao W, Qi T, Xiong A, Liu P, Chen Y, Zeng H, Yu F, Weng J. Combination of stem cells and nerve guide conduit for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury: A meta-analysis. Muscle Nerve 2024; 69:227-238. [PMID: 38063327 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Many small-sized, single-center preclinical studies have investigated the benefits of introducing stem cells into the interior of nerve conduit. The aims of this meta-analysis are to review and contrast the effects of various types of stem cells in in vivo models used to reconstruct peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) and to assess the reliability and stability of the available evidence. METHODS A systematic search was conducted using Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science to identify studies conducted from January 1, 2000, to September 21, 2022, and investigate stem cell therapy in peripheral nerve reconstruction animal models. Studies that met the relevant criteria were deemed eligible for this meta-analysis. RESULTS Fifty-five preclinical studies with a total of 1234 animals were incorporated. Stem cells demonstrated a positive impact on peripheral nerve regeneration at different follow-up times in the forest plots of five outcome indicators: compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, latency, muscle mass ratio, nerve conduction velocity, and sciatic functional index (SFI). In most comparisons, stem cell groups showed substantial differences compared with the control groups. The superior performance of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in terms of SFI, CMAP amplitude, and latency (p < .001) was identified. DISCUSSION The findings consistently demonstrated a favorable outcome in the reconstruction process when utilizing different groups of stem cells, as opposed to control groups where stem cells were not employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Cao
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yihao
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Qi
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Xiong
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Weng
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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Yoshida T, Tashiro S, Nagoshi N, Shinozaki M, Shibata T, Inoue M, Ogawa S, Shibata S, Tsuji T, Okano H, Nakamura M. Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration with Combined Therapy Comprising Neural Stem/Progenitor Cell Transplantation, Rehabilitation, and Semaphorin 3A Inhibitor. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0378-23.2024. [PMID: 38262737 PMCID: PMC10866332 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0378-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in various long-term sequelae, and chronically injured spinal cords exhibit a refractory feature, showing a limited response to cell transplantation therapies. To our knowledge, no preclinical studies have reported a treatment approach with results surpassing those of treatment comprising rehabilitation alone. In this study of rats with SCI, we propose a novel combined therapy involving a semaphorin 3A inhibitor (Sema3Ai), which enhances axonal regeneration, as the third treatment element in combination with neural stem/progenitor cell transplantation and rehabilitation. This comprehensive therapeutic strategy achieved significant improvements in host-derived neuronal and oligodendrocyte differentiation at the SCI epicenter and promoted axonal regeneration even in the chronically injured spinal cord. The elongated axons established functional electrical connections, contributing to significant enhancements in locomotor mobility when compared with animals treated with transplantation and rehabilitation. As a result, our combined transplantation, Sema3Ai, and rehabilitation treatment have the potential to serve as a critical step forward for chronic SCI patients, improving their ability to regain motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yoshida
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Syoichi Tashiro
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Narihito Nagoshi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shinozaki
- Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Inoue
- Regenerative and Cellular Medicine Kobe Center, Sumitomo Pharma, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shoji Ogawa
- Formulation Research & Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Pharma, Suita, Osaka 564-0053, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata-shi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsuji
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Broeren BO, Hundepool CA, Kumas AH, Duraku LS, Walbeehm ET, Hooijmans CR, Power DM, Zuidam JM, De Jong T. The effectiveness of acellular nerve allografts compared to autografts in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0279324. [PMID: 38295088 PMCID: PMC10829984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of nerve injuries proves to be a worldwide clinical challenge. Acellular nerve allografts are suggested to be a promising alternative for bridging a nerve gap to the current gold standard, an autologous nerve graft. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the efficacy of the acellular nerve allograft, its difference from the gold standard (the nerve autograft) and to discuss its possible indications. MATERIAL AND METHODS PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched until the 4th of January 2022. Original peer reviewed paper that presented 1) distinctive data; 2) a clear comparison between not immunologically processed acellular allografts and autologous nerve transfers; 3) was performed in laboratory animals of all species and sex. Meta analyses and subgroup analyses (for graft length and species) were conducted for muscle weight, sciatic function index, ankle angle, nerve conduction velocity, axon count diameter, tetanic contraction and amplitude using a Random effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted on graft length and species. RESULTS Fifty articles were included in this review and all were included in the meta-analyses. An acellular allograft resulted in a significantly lower muscle weight, sciatic function index, ankle angle, nerve conduction velocity, axon count and smaller diameter, tetanic contraction compared to an autologous nerve graft. No difference was found in amplitude between acellular allografts and autologous nerve transfers. Post hoc subgroup analyses of graft length showed a significant reduced muscle weight in long grafts versus small and medium length grafts. All included studies showed a large variance in methodological design. CONCLUSION Our review shows that the included studies, investigating the use of acellular allografts, showed a large variance in methodological design and are as a consequence difficult to compare. Nevertheless, our results indicate that treating a nerve gap with an allograft results in an inferior nerve recovery compared to an autograft in seven out of eight outcomes assessed in experimental animals. In addition, based on our preliminary post hoc subgroup analyses we suggest that when an allograft is being used an allograft in short and medium (0-1cm, > 1-2cm) nerve gaps is preferred over an allograft in long (> 2cm) nerve gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berend O. Broeren
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline A. Hundepool
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali H. Kumas
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Liron S. Duraku
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik T. Walbeehm
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Hand Surgery, Haga Hospital and Xpert Clinic, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn R. Hooijmans
- Department for Health Evidence Unit SYRCLE, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Care (Meta Research Team), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dominic M. Power
- Department of Hand & Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J. Michiel Zuidam
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim De Jong
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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48
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Liu Q, Yang H, Luo J, Peng C, Wang K, Zhang G, Lin H, Ji Z. 14-3-3 protein augments the protein stability of phosphorylated spastin and promotes the recovery of spinal cord injury through its agonist intervention. eLife 2024; 12:RP90184. [PMID: 38231910 PMCID: PMC10945579 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is abortive in the central nervous system following injury. Orchestrating microtubule dynamics has emerged as a promising approach to improve axonal regeneration. The microtubule severing enzyme spastin is essential for axonal development and regeneration through remodeling of microtubule arrangement. To date, however, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying spastin action in neural regeneration after spinal cord injury. Here, we use glutathione transferase pulldown and immunoprecipitation assays to demonstrate that 14-3-3 interacts with spastin, both in vivo and in vitro, via spastin Ser233 phosphorylation. Moreover, we show that 14-3-3 protects spastin from degradation by inhibiting the ubiquitination pathway and upregulates the spastin-dependent severing ability. Furthermore, the 14-3-3 agonist Fusicoccin (FC-A) promotes neurite outgrowth and regeneration in vitro which needs spastin activation. Western blot and immunofluorescence results revealed that 14-3-3 protein is upregulated in the neuronal compartment after spinal cord injury in vivo. In addition, administration of FC-A not only promotes locomotor recovery, but also nerve regeneration following spinal cord injury in both contusion and lateral hemisection models; however, the application of spastin inhibitor spastazoline successfully reverses these phenomena. Taken together, these results indicate that 14-3-3 is a molecular switch that regulates spastin protein levels, and the small molecule 14-3-3 agonist FC-A effectively mediates the recovery of spinal cord injury in mice which requires spastin participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianxian Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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49
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Acker-Palmer A. Guiding axon regeneration: Instructions from blood vessels. Neuron 2024; 112:175-177. [PMID: 38237553 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this issue of Neuron, Bhat et al.1 unveil the temporary reawakening of an embryonic guidance program, which facilitates the alignment of blood neovessels, creating a supportive "bridge" microenvironment for axon regrowth and tissue regeneration after peripheral nervous system (PNS) injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Acker-Palmer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max von Laue Str. 4, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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50
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Bhat GP, Maurizio A, Motta A, Podini P, Diprima S, Malpighi C, Brambilla I, Martins L, Badaloni A, Boselli D, Bianchi F, Pellegatta M, Genua M, Ostuni R, Del Carro U, Taveggia C, de Pretis S, Quattrini A, Bonanomi D. Structured wound angiogenesis instructs mesenchymal barrier compartments in the regenerating nerve. Neuron 2024; 112:209-229.e11. [PMID: 37972594 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Organ injury stimulates the formation of new capillaries to restore blood supply raising questions about the potential contribution of neoangiogenic vessel architecture to the healing process. Using single-cell mapping, we resolved the properties of endothelial cells that organize a polarized scaffold at the repair site of lesioned peripheral nerves. Transient reactivation of an embryonic guidance program is required to orient neovessels across the wound. Manipulation of this structured angiogenic response through genetic and pharmacological targeting of Plexin-D1/VEGF pathways within an early window of repair has long-term impact on configuration of the nerve stroma. Neovessels direct nerve-resident mesenchymal cells to mold a provisionary fibrotic scar by assembling an orderly system of stable barrier compartments that channel regenerating nerve fibers and shield them from the persistently leaky vasculature. Thus, guided and balanced repair angiogenesis enables the construction of a "bridge" microenvironment conducive for axon regrowth and homeostasis of the regenerated tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Parameshwar Bhat
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Maurizio
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Motta
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Podini
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Santo Diprima
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Malpighi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Brambilla
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Luis Martins
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Badaloni
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Boselli
- FRACTAL-Flow cytometry Resource Advanced Cytometry Technical Applications Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Pellegatta
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Genua
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Ostuni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Del Carro
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Taveggia
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano de Pretis
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy; Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Bonanomi
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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