1
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Zhao S, Hulsurkar MM, Lahiri SK, Aguilar-Sanchez Y, Munivez E, Müller FU, Jain A, Malovannaya A, Yiu CHK, Reilly S, Wehrens XHT. Atrial proteomic profiling reveals a switch towards profibrotic gene expression program in CREM-IbΔC-X mice with persistent atrial fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 190:1-12. [PMID: 38514002 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of the CREM (cAMP response element-binding modulator) isoform CREM-IbΔC-X in transgenic mice (CREM-Tg) causes the age-dependent development of spontaneous AF. PURPOSE To identify key proteome signatures and biological processes accompanying the development of persistent AF through integrated proteomics and bioinformatics analysis. METHODS Atrial tissue samples from three CREM-Tg mice and three wild-type littermates were subjected to unbiased mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. RESULTS A total of 98 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment for biological processes regulating actin cytoskeleton organization and extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics. Changes in ITGAV, FBLN5, and LCP1 were identified as being relevant to atrial fibrosis and structural based on expression changes, co-expression patterns, and PPI network analysis. Comparative analysis with previously published datasets revealed a shift in protein expression patterns from ion-channel and metabolic regulators in young CREM-Tg mice to profibrotic remodeling factors in older CREM-Tg mice. Furthermore, older CREM-Tg mice exhibited protein expression patterns reminiscent of those seen in humans with persistent AF. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovered distinct temporal changes in atrial protein expression patterns with age in CREM-Tg mice consistent with the progressive evolution of AF. Future studies into the role of the key differentially abundant proteins identified in this study in AF progression may open new therapeutic avenues to control atrial fibrosis and substrate development in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mohit M Hulsurkar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Satadru K Lahiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuriana Aguilar-Sanchez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Frank Ulrich Müller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antrix Jain
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chi Him Kendrick Yiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Svetlana Reilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine (in Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics (in Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
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2
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Zhao S, Hulsurkar MM, Lahiri SK, Aguilar-Sanchez Y, Munivez E, Müller FU, Jain A, Malovannaya A, Yiu K, Reilly S, Wehrens XH. Atrial Proteomic Profiling Reveals a Switch Towards Profibrotic Gene Expression Program in CREM-IbΔC-X Mice with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.10.575097. [PMID: 38260363 PMCID: PMC10802622 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.575097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the CREM (cAMP response element-binding modulator) isoform CREM-IbΔC-X in transgenic mice (CREM-Tg) causes the age-dependent development of spontaneous AF. Purpose To identify key proteome signatures and biological processes accompanying the development of persistent AF through integrated proteomics and bioinformatics analysis. Methods Atrial tissue samples from three CREM-Tg mice and three wild-type littermates were subjected to unbiased mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, differential expression and pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Results A total of 98 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment for biological processes regulating actin cytoskeleton organization and extracellular matrix (ECM) dynamics. Changes in ITGAV, FBLN5, and LCP1 were identified as being relevant to atrial fibrosis and remodeling based on expression changes, co-expression patterns, and PPI network analysis. Comparative analysis with previously published datasets revealed a shift in protein expression patterns from ion-channel and metabolic regulators in young CREM-Tg mice to profibrotic remodeling factors in older CREM-Tg mice. Furthermore, older CREM-Tg mice exhibited protein expression patterns that resembled those of humans with persistent AF. Conclusions This study uncovered distinct temporal changes in atrial protein expression patterns with age in CREM-Tg mice consistent with the progressive evolution of AF. Future studies into the role of the key differentially abundant proteins identified in this study in AF progression may open new therapeutic avenues to control atrial fibrosis and substrate development in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mohit M. Hulsurkar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Satadru K. Lahiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuriana Aguilar-Sanchez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Frank Ulrich Müller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antrix Jain
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kendrick Yiu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Svetlana Reilly
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Xander H.T. Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine (in Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (in Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
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Bae Y, Zeng H, Chen Y, Ketkar S, Munivez E, Yu Z, Gannon FH, Lee BH.
miRNA
‐34c
suppresses osteosarcoma progression
in vivo
by targeting Notch and
E2F. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10623. [PMID: 35509638 PMCID: PMC9059472 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is dysregulated in many types of cancers including osteosarcoma (OS) due to genetic and epigenetic alterations. Among these, miR‐34c, an effector of tumor suppressor P53 and an upstream negative regulator of Notch signaling in osteoblast differentiation, is dysregulated in OS. Here, we demonstrated a tumor suppressive role of miR‐34c in OS progression using in vitro assays and in vivo genetic mouse models. We found that miR‐34c inhibits the proliferation and the invasion of metastatic OS cells, which resulted in reduction of the tumor burden and increased overall survival in an orthotopic xenograft model. Moreover, the osteoblast‐specific overexpression of miR‐34c increased survival in the osteoblast specific p53 mutant OS mouse model. We found that miR‐34c regulates the transcription of several genes in Notch signaling (NOTCH1, JAG1, and HEY2) and in p53‐mediated cell cycle and apoptosis (CCNE2, E2F5, E2F2, and HDAC1). More interestingly, we found that the metastatic‐free survival probability was increased among a patient cohort from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) OS, which has lower expression of direct targets of miR‐34c that was identified in our transcriptome analysis, such as E2F5 and NOTCH1. In conclusion, we demonstrate that miR‐34c is a tumor suppressive miRNA in OS progression in vivo. In addition, we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting miR‐34c in OS. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Bae
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Huan‐Chang Zeng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Yi‐Ting Chen
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Program Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Shamika Ketkar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Zhiyin Yu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Francis H. Gannon
- Department of Pathology and Immunology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Brendan H. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
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4
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Song IW, Nagamani SC, Nguyen D, Grafe I, Sutton VR, Gannon FH, Munivez E, Jiang MM, Tran A, Wallace M, Esposito P, Musaad S, Strudthoff E, McGuire S, Thornton M, Shenava V, Rosenfeld S, Shypailo R, Orwoll E, Lee B. Targeting transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) for treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152571. [PMID: 35113812 PMCID: PMC8970679 DOI: 10.1172/jci152571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is no disease-specific therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Preclinical studies have shown that excessive TGF-β signaling is a driver of pathogenesis in OI. Here, we evaluated TGF-β signaling in children with OI and translated this discovery by conducting a phase 1 clinical trial of TGF-β inhibition in adults with OI. METHODS Histology and RNASeq were performed on bones obtained from children affected (n=10) and unaffected (n=4) by OI. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment assay, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were used to identify key dysregulated pathways. Reverse-phase protein array (RPPA), Western blot (WB), and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to evaluate changes at the protein level. A phase 1 study with a single administration of fresolimumab, a pan-anti-TGF-β neutralizing antibody, was conducted in 8 adults with OI. Safety and effects of fresolimumab on bone remodeling markers and lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (LS aBMD) were assessed. RESULTS OI bone demonstrated woven structure, increased osteocyte density, high turnover, and reduced bone maturation. SMAD phosphorylation was the most significantly up-regulated GO molecular event. GSEA identified TGF-β pathway as top activated signaling pathway in OI. IPA showed that TGF-β was the most significant activated upstream regulator mediating the global changes identified in OI bone. Treatment with fresolimumab was well-tolerated and associated with increase in LS aBMD in participants with OI type IV, while those with more severe OI type III and VIII had unchanged or decreased LS aBMD. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm that TGF-β signaling is a driver pathogenic mechanism in OI bone and that anti-TGF-β therapy could be a potential disease-specific therapy with dose-dependent effects on bone mass and turnover. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03064074 FUNDING. This work was supported by the Brittle Bone Disorders Consortium (BBDC) (U54AR068069). The BBDC is a part of the National Center for Advancing Translational Science's (NCATS') RDCRN. The BBDC is funded through a collaboration between the Office of Rare Disease Research (ORDR) of NCATS, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. The BBDC was also supported by the OI Foundation. The work was supported by The Clinical Translational Core of BCM IDDRC (P50HD103555) from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD. Funding from the USDA/ARS under Cooperative Agreement No. 58-6250-6-001 also facilitated analysis for the study procedures. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the USDA, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. The study was supported by a research agreement with Sanofi Genzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Sandesh Cs Nagamani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Dianne Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Ingo Grafe
- Department of Medicine and Center of Healthy Aging, University Clinic Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vernon Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Francis H Gannon
- Pathology and Immunology and Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Tran
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Maegen Wallace
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States of America
| | - Paul Esposito
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States of America
| | - Salma Musaad
- Department of Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Strudthoff
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States of America
| | - Sharon McGuire
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States of America
| | - Michele Thornton
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, United States of America
| | - Vinitha Shenava
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Scott Rosenfeld
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Roman Shypailo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
| | - Eric Orwoll
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States of America
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5
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Zieba J, Munivez E, Castellon A, Jiang MM, Dawson B, Ambrose CG, Lee B. Fracture Healing in Collagen-Related Preclinical Models of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1132-1148. [PMID: 32053224 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic bone dysplasia characterized by bone deformities and fractures caused by low bone mass and impaired bone quality. OI is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that most commonly arises from dominant mutations in genes encoding type I collagen (COL1A1 and COL1A2). In addition, OI is recessively inherited with the majority of cases resulting from mutations in prolyl-3-hydroxylation complex members, which includes cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP). OI patients are at an increased risk of fracture throughout their lifetimes. However, non-union or delayed healing has been reported in 24% of fractures and 52% of osteotomies. Additionally, refractures typically go unreported, making the frequency of refractures in OI patients unknown. Thus, there is an unmet need to better understand the mechanisms by which OI affects fracture healing. Using an open tibial fracture model, our study demonstrates delayed healing in both Col1a2 G610c/+ and Crtap -/- OI mouse models (dominant and recessive OI, respectively) that is associated with reduced callus size and predicted strength. Callus cartilage distribution and chondrocyte maturation were altered in OI, suggesting accelerated cartilage differentiation. Importantly, we determined that healed fractured tibia in female OI mice are biomechanically weaker when compared with the contralateral unfractured bone, suggesting that abnormal OI fracture healing OI may prime future refracture at the same location. We have previously shown upregulated TGF-β signaling in OI and we confirm this in the context of fracture healing. Interestingly, treatment of Crtap -/- mice with the anti-TGF-β antibody 1D11 resulted in further reduced callus size and predicted strength, highlighting the importance of investigating dose response in treatment strategies. These data provide valuable insight into the effect of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on fracture healing, a poorly understood mechanism, and support the need for prevention of primary fractures to decrease incidence of refracture and deformity in OI patients. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zieba
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexis Castellon
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine G Ambrose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Madan S, Kron B, Jin Z, Al Shamy G, Campeau PM, Sun Q, Chen S, Cherian L, Chen Y, Munivez E, Jiang MM, Robertson C, Goodman C, Ratan RR, Lee B. Arginase overexpression in neurons and its effect on traumatic brain injury. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 125:112-117. [PMID: 30055993 PMCID: PMC6175653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid which serves as a substrate for nitric oxide (NO) production by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and a precursor for various metabolites including ornithine, creatine, polyamines, and agmatine. Arginase competes with nitric oxide synthase for substrate arginine to produce orthinine and urea. There is contradictory evidence in the literature on the role of nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). These contradictory perspectives are likely due to different NOS isoforms - endothelial (eNOS), inducible (iNOS) and neuronal (nNOS) which are expressed in the central nervous system. Of these, the role of nNOS in acute injury remains less clear. This study aimed to employ a genetic approach by overexpressing arginase isoforms specifically in neurons using a Thy-1 promoter to manipulate cell autonomous NO production in the context of TBI. The hypothesis was that increased arginase would divert arginine from pathological NO production. We generated 2 mouse lines that overexpress arginase I (a cytoplasmic enzyme) or arginase II (a mitochondrial enzyme) in neurons of FVB mice. We found that two-weeks after induction of controlled cortical injury, overexpressing arginase I but not arginase II in neurons significantly reduced contusion size and contusion index compared to wild-type (WT) mice. This study establishes enhanced neuronal arginase levels as a strategy to affect the course of TBI and provides support for the potential role of neuronal NO production in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Madan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bettina Kron
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zixue Jin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Al Shamy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leela Cherian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Robertson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clay Goodman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- Department of Neurology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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7
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Lim J, Munivez E, Jiang MM, Song IW, Gannon F, Keene DR, Schweitzer R, Lee BH, Joeng KS. mTORC1 Signaling is a Critical Regulator of Postnatal Tendon Development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17175. [PMID: 29215029 PMCID: PMC5719403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons transmit contractile forces between musculoskeletal tissues. Whereas the biomechanical properties of tendons have been studied extensively, the molecular mechanisms regulating postnatal tendon development are not well understood. Here we examine the role of mTORC1 signaling in postnatal tendon development using mouse genetic approaches. Loss of mTORC1 signaling by removal of Raptor in tendons caused severe tendon defects postnatally, including decreased tendon thickness, indicating that mTORC1 is necessary for postnatal tendon development. By contrast, activation of mTORC1 signaling in tendons increased tendon cell numbers and proliferation. In addition, Tsc1 conditional knockout mice presented severely disorganized collagen fibers and neovascularization in the tendon midsubstance. Interestingly, collagen fibril diameter was significantly reduced in both Raptor and Tsc1 conditional knockout mice, albeit with variations in severity. We performed RNA-seq analysis using Achilles tendons to investigate the molecular changes underlying these tendon phenotypes. Raptor conditional knockout mice showed decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) structure-related gene expression, whereas Tsc1 conditional knockout mice exhibited changes in genes regulating TGF-β/BMP/FGF signaling, as well as in genes controlling ECM structure and disassembly. Collectively, our studies suggest that maintaining physiological levels of mTORC1 signaling is essential for postnatal tendon development and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Lim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - I-Wen Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Francis Gannon
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Douglas R Keene
- Research Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ronen Schweitzer
- Research Center, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Brendan H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Kyu Sang Joeng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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8
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Joeng KS, Lee YC, Lim J, Chen Y, Jiang MM, Munivez E, Ambrose C, Lee BH. Osteocyte-specific WNT1 regulates osteoblast function during bone homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2017. [PMID: 28628032 DOI: 10.1172/jci92617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in WNT1 cause osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and early-onset osteoporosis, identifying it as a key Wnt ligand in human bone homeostasis. However, how and where WNT1 acts in bone are unclear. To address this mechanism, we generated late-osteoblast-specific and osteocyte-specific WNT1 loss- and gain-of-function mouse models. Deletion of Wnt1 in osteocytes resulted in low bone mass with spontaneous fractures similar to that observed in OI patients. Conversely, Wnt1 overexpression from osteocytes stimulated bone formation by increasing osteoblast number and activity, which was due in part to activation of mTORC1 signaling. While antiresorptive therapy is the mainstay of OI treatment, it has limited efficacy in WNT1-related OI. In this study, anti-sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) treatment effectively improved bone mass and dramatically decreased fracture rate in swaying mice, a model of global Wnt1 loss. Collectively, our data suggest that WNT1-related OI and osteoporosis are caused in part by decreased mTORC1-dependent osteoblast function resulting from loss of WNT1 signaling in osteocytes. As such, this work identifies an anabolic function of osteocytes as a source of Wnt in bone development and homoeostasis, complementing their known function as targets of Wnt signaling in regulating osteoclastogenesis. Finally, this study suggests that Scl-Ab is an effective genotype-specific treatment option for WNT1-related OI and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sang Joeng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yi-Chien Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joohyun Lim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Catherine Ambrose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brendan H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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9
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Zeng HC, Bae Y, Dawson BC, Chen Y, Bertin T, Munivez E, Campeau PM, Tao J, Chen R, Lee BH. MicroRNA miR-23a cluster promotes osteocyte differentiation by regulating TGF-β signalling in osteoblasts. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15000. [PMID: 28397831 PMCID: PMC5394267 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are the terminally differentiated cell type of the osteoblastic lineage and have important functions in skeletal homeostasis. Although the transcriptional regulation of osteoblast differentiation has been well characterized, the factors that regulate differentiation of osteocytes from mature osteoblasts are poorly understood. Here we show that miR-23a∼27a∼24-2 (miR-23a cluster) promotes osteocyte differentiation. Osteoblast-specific miR-23a cluster gain-of-function mice have low bone mass associated with decreased osteoblast but increased osteocyte numbers. By contrast, loss-of-function transgenic mice overexpressing microRNA decoys for either miR-23a or miR-27a, but not miR24-2, show decreased osteocyte numbers. Moreover, RNA-sequencing analysis shows altered transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling. Prdm16, a negative regulator of the TGF-β pathway, is directly repressed by miR-27a with concomitant alteration of sclerostin expression, and pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β rescues the phenotypes observed in the gain-of-function transgenic mice. Taken together, the miR-23a cluster regulates osteocyte differentiation by modulating the TGF-β signalling pathway through targeting of Prdm16. Control of osteocyte differentiation is not well understood. Here the authors show that the miR-23 cluster represses the TGF-β signalling repressor Prdm16 in osteoblasts, thus enhancing osteocyte differentiation and a low bone mass phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Chang Zeng
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yangjin Bae
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Brian C Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Terry Bertin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - Jianning Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota 57104, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Brendan H Lee
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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10
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Bi X, Grafe I, Ding H, Flores R, Munivez E, Jiang MM, Dawson B, Lee B, Ambrose CG. Correlations Between Bone Mechanical Properties and Bone Composition Parameters in Mouse Models of Dominant and Recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta and the Response to Anti-TGF-β Treatment. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:347-359. [PMID: 27649409 PMCID: PMC7894383 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by brittle bones that are prone to fracture. Although previous studies in animal models investigated the mechanical properties and material composition of OI bone, little work has been conducted to statistically correlate these parameters to identify key compositional contributors to the impaired bone mechanical behaviors in OI. Further, although increased TGF-β signaling has been demonstrated as a contributing mechanism to the bone pathology in OI models, the relationship between mechanical properties and bone composition after anti-TGF-β treatment in OI has not been studied. Here, we performed follow-up analyses of femurs collected in an earlier study from OI mice with and without anti-TGF-β treatment from both recessive (Crtap-/- ) and dominant (Col1a2+/P.G610C ) OI mouse models and WT mice. Mechanical properties were determined using three-point bending tests and evaluated for statistical correlation with molecular composition in bone tissue assessed by Raman spectroscopy. Statistical regression analysis was conducted to determine significant compositional determinants of mechanical integrity. Interestingly, we found differences in the relationships between bone composition and mechanical properties and in the response to anti-TGF-β treatment. Femurs of both OI models exhibited increased brittleness, which was associated with reduced collagen content and carbonate substitution. In the Col1a2+/P.G610C femurs, reduced hydroxyapatite crystallinity was also found to be associated with increased brittleness, and increased mineral-to-collagen ratio was correlated with increased ultimate strength, elastic modulus, and bone brittleness. In both models of OI, regression analysis demonstrated that collagen content was an important predictor of the increased brittleness. In summary, this work provides new insights into the relationships between bone composition and material properties in models of OI, identifies key bone compositional parameters that correlate with the impaired mechanical integrity of OI bone, and explores the effects of anti-TGF-β treatment on bone-quality parameters in these models. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Bi
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rene Flores
- Academic and Research Affairs, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine G Ambrose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Grafe I, Alexander S, Yang T, Lietman C, Homan EP, Munivez E, Chen Y, Jiang MM, Bertin T, Dawson B, Asuncion F, Ke HZ, Ominsky MS, Lee B. Sclerostin Antibody Treatment Improves the Bone Phenotype of Crtap(-/-) Mice, a Model of Recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1030-40. [PMID: 26716893 PMCID: PMC4862916 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by low bone mass, poor bone quality, and fractures. Standard treatment for OI patients is limited to bisphosphonates, which only incompletely correct the bone phenotype, and seem to be less effective in adults. Sclerostin-neutralizing antibodies (Scl-Ab) have been shown to be beneficial in animal models of osteoporosis, and dominant OI resulting from mutations in the genes encoding type I collagen. However, Scl-Ab treatment has not been studied in models of recessive OI. Cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP) is involved in posttranslational type I collagen modification, and its loss of function results in recessive OI. In this study, we treated 1-week-old and 6-week-old Crtap(-/-) mice with Scl-Ab for 6 weeks (25 mg/kg, s.c., twice per week), to determine the effects on the bone phenotype in models of "pediatric" and "young adult" recessive OI. Vehicle-treated Crtap(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice served as controls. Compared with control Crtap(-/-) mice, micro-computed tomography (μCT) analyses showed significant increases in bone volume and improved trabecular microarchitecture in Scl-Ab-treated Crtap(-/-) mice in both age cohorts, in both vertebrae and femurs. Additionally, Scl-Ab improved femoral cortical parameters in both age cohorts. Biomechanical testing showed that Scl-Ab improved parameters of whole-bone strength in Crtap(-/-) mice, with more robust effects in the week 6 to 12 cohort, but did not affect the increased bone brittleness. Additionally, Scl-Ab normalized the increased osteoclast numbers, stimulated bone formation rate (week 6 to 12 cohort only), but did not affect osteocyte density. Overall, our findings suggest that Scl-Ab treatment may be beneficial in the treatment of recessive OI caused by defects in collagen posttranslational modification. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caressa Lietman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica P Homan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Terry Bertin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Franklin Asuncion
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael S Ominsky
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Rajagopal A, Homan EP, Joeng KS, Suzuki M, Bertin T, Cela R, Munivez E, Dawson B, Jiang MM, Gannon F, Crawford S, Lee BH. Restoration of the serum level of SERPINF1 does not correct the bone phenotype in Serpinf1 null mice. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 117:378-82. [PMID: 26693895 PMCID: PMC4788589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by bone fragility and deformity. OI type VI is unique owing to the mineralization defects observed in patient biopsies. Furthermore, it has been reported to respond less well to standard therapy with bisphosphonates [1]. Others and we have previously identified SERPINF1 mutations in patients with OI type VI. SERPINF1 encodes pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF), a secreted collagen-binding glycoprotein that is absent in the sera of patients with OI type VI. Serpinf1 null mice show increased osteoid and decreased bone mass, and thus recapitulate the OI type VI phenotype. We tested whether restoration of circulating PEDF in the blood could correct the phenotype of OI type VI in the context of protein replacement. To do so, we utilized a helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HDAd) to express human SERPINF1 in the mouse liver and assessed whether PEDF secreted from the liver was able to rescue the bone phenotype observed in Serpinf1(-/-) mice. We confirmed that expression of SERPINF1 in the liver restored the serum level of PEDF. We also demonstrated that PEDF secreted from the liver was biologically active by showing the expected metabolic effects of increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance in Serpinf1(-/-) mice. Interestingly, overexpression of PEDF in vitro increased mineralization with a concomitant increase in the expression of bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein, alkaline phosphatase and collagen, type I, alpha I, but the increased serum PEDF level did not improve the bone phenotype of Serpinf1(-/-) mice. These results suggest that PEDF may function in a context-dependent and paracrine fashion in bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbhirami Rajagopal
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Erica P Homan
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Kyu Sang Joeng
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Masataka Suzuki
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Terry Bertin
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Racel Cela
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Elda Munivez
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Brian Dawson
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Frank Gannon
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
| | - Susan Crawford
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, School of Medicine, United States
| | - Brendan H Lee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Department, Baylor College of Medicine, United States.
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13
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Chen S, Grover M, Sibai T, Black J, Rianon N, Rajagopal A, Munivez E, Bertin T, Dawson B, Chen Y, Jiang MM, Lee B, Yang T, Bae Y. Losartan increases bone mass and accelerates chondrocyte hypertrophy in developing skeleton. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 115:53-60. [PMID: 25779879 PMCID: PMC4426054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are a group of anti-hypertensive drugs that are widely used to treat pediatric hypertension. Recent application of ARBs to treat diseases such as Marfan syndrome or Alport syndrome has shown positive outcomes in animal and human studies, suggesting a broader therapeutic potential for this class of drugs. Multiple studies have reported a benefit of ARBs on adult bone homeostasis; however, its effect on the growing skeleton in children is unknown. We investigated the effect of Losartan, an ARB, in regulating bone mass and cartilage during development in mice. Wild type mice were treated with Losartan from birth until 6 weeks of age, after which bones were collected for microCT and histomorphometric analyses. Losartan increased trabecular bone volume vs. tissue volume (a 98% increase) and cortical thickness (a 9% increase) in 6-weeks old wild type mice. The bone changes were attributed to decreased osteoclastogenesis as demonstrated by reduced osteoclast number per bone surface in vivo and suppressed osteoclast differentiation in vitro. At the molecular level, Angiotensin II-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in RAW cells was attenuated by Losartan. Similarly, RANKL-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was suppressed by Losartan, suggesting a convergence of RANKL and angiotensin signaling at the level of ERK1/2 regulation. To assess the effect of Losartan on cartilage development, we examined the cartilage phenotype of wild type mice treated with Losartan in utero from conception to 1 day of age. Growth plates of these mice showed an elongated hypertrophic chondrocyte zone and increased Col10a1 expression level, with minimal changes in chondrocyte proliferation. Altogether, inhibition of the angiotensin pathway by Losartan increases bone mass and accelerates chondrocyte hypertrophy in growth plate during skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health
| | - Monica Grover
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tarek Sibai
- Boston University School of Medicine Orthopedic Surgery, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Black
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nahid Rianon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abbhirami Rajagopal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Terry Bertin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Skeletal Biology, Center for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Metastasis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Yangjin Bae
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Lietman CD, Marom R, Munivez E, Bertin TK, Jiang MM, Chen Y, Dawson B, Weis MA, Eyre D, Lee B. A transgenic mouse model of OI type V supports a neomorphic mechanism of the IFITM5 mutation. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:489-98. [PMID: 25251575 PMCID: PMC4333000 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type V is characterized by increased bone fragility, long bone deformities, hyperplastic callus formation, and calcification of interosseous membranes. It is caused by a recurrent mutation in the 5' UTR of the IFITM5 gene (c.-14C > T). This mutation introduces an alternative start codon, adding 5 amino acid residues to the N-terminus of the protein. The mechanism whereby this novel IFITM5 protein causes OI type V is yet to be defined. To address this, we created transgenic mice expressing either the wild-type or the OI type V mutant IFITM5 under the control of an osteoblast-specific Col1a1 2.3-kb promoter. These mutant IFITM5 transgenic mice exhibited perinatal lethality, whereas wild-type IFITM5 transgenic mice showed normal growth and development. Skeletal preparations and radiographs performed on E15.5 and E18.5 OI type V transgenic embryos revealed delayed/abnormal mineralization and skeletal defects, including abnormal rib cage formation, long bone deformities, and fractures. Primary osteoblast cultures, derived from mutant mice calvaria at E18.5, showed decreased mineralization by Alizarin red staining, and RNA isolated from calvaria showed reduced expression of osteoblast differentiation markers such as Osteocalcin, compared with nontransgenic littermates and wild-type mice calvaria, consistent with the in vivo phenotype. Importantly, overexpression of wild-type Ifitm5 did not manifest a significant bone phenotype. Collectively, our results suggest that expression of mutant IFITM5 causes abnormal skeletal development, low bone mass, and abnormal osteoblast differentiation. Given that neither overexpression of the wild-type Ifitm5, as shown in our model, nor knock-out of Ifitm5, as previously published, showed significant bone abnormalities, we conclude that the IFITM5 mutation in OI type V acts in a neomorphic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caressa D Lietman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Grafe I, Yang T, Alexander S, Homan E, Lietman C, Jiang MM, Bertin T, Munivez E, Chen Y, Dawson B, Ishikawa Y, Weis MA, Sampath TK, Ambrose C, Eyre D, Bächinger HP, Lee B. Excessive transforming growth factor-β signaling is a common mechanism in osteogenesis imperfecta. Nat Med 2014; 20:670-5. [PMID: 24793237 PMCID: PMC4048326 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable disorder, in both a dominant and recessive manner, of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones, fractures and extraskeletal manifestations. How structural mutations of type I collagen (dominant OI) or of its post-translational modification machinery (recessive OI) can cause abnormal quality and quantity of bone is poorly understood. Notably, the clinical overlap between dominant and recessive forms of OI suggests common molecular pathomechanisms. Here, we show that excessive transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling is a mechanism of OI in both recessive (Crtap(-/-)) and dominant (Col1a2(tm1.1Mcbr)) OI mouse models. In the skeleton, we find higher expression of TGF-β target genes, higher ratio of phosphorylated Smad2 to total Smad2 protein and higher in vivo Smad2 reporter activity. Moreover, the type I collagen of Crtap(-/-) mice shows reduced binding to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin, a known regulator of TGF-β activity. Anti-TGF-β treatment using the neutralizing antibody 1D11 corrects the bone phenotype in both forms of OI and improves the lung abnormalities in Crtap(-/-) mice. Hence, altered TGF-β matrix-cell signaling is a primary mechanism in the pathogenesis of OI and could be a promising target for the treatment of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grafe
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erica Homan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Caressa Lietman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Terry Bertin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mary Ann Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Catherine Ambrose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hans Peter Bächinger
- Research Department, Shriners Hospital for Children and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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16
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Lietman CD, Rajagopal A, Homan EP, Munivez E, Jiang MM, Bertin TK, Chen Y, Hicks J, Weis M, Eyre D, Lee B, Krakow D. Connective tissue alterations in Fkbp10-/- mice. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4822-31. [PMID: 24777781 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited brittle bone disorder characterized by bone fragility and low bone mass. Loss of function mutations in FK506-binding protein 10 (FKBP10), encoding the FKBP65 protein, result in recessive OI and Bruck syndrome, of which the latter is additionally characterized by joint contractures. FKBP65 is thought to act as a collagen chaperone, but it is unknown how loss of FKBP65 affects collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix formation. We evaluated the developmental and postnatal expression of Fkbp10 and analyzed the consequences of its generalized loss of function. Fkbp10 is expressed at low levels in E13.5 mouse embryos, particularly in skeletal tissues, and steadily increases through E17.5 with expression in not only skeletal tissues, but also in visceral tissues. Postnatally, expression is limited to developing bone and ligaments. In contrast to humans, with complete loss of function mutations, Fkbp10(-/-) mice do not survive birth, and embryos present with growth delay and tissue fragility. Type I calvarial collagen isolated from these mice showed reduced stable crosslink formation at telopeptide lysines. Furthermore, Fkbp10(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts show retention of procollagen in the cell layer and associated dilated endoplasmic reticulum. These data suggest a requirement for FKBP65 function during embryonic connective tissue development in mice, but the restricted expression postnatally in bone, ligaments and tendons correlates with the bone fragility and contracture phenotype in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caressa D Lietman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abbhirami Rajagopal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Erica P Homan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Terry K Bertin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA,
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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17
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Bae Y, Yang T, Zeng HC, Campeau PM, Chen Y, Bertin T, Dawson BC, Munivez E, Tao J, Lee BH. miRNA-34c regulates Notch signaling during bone development. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2991-3000. [PMID: 22498974 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During bone homeostasis, osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation is coupled and regulated by multiple signaling pathways and their downstream transcription factors. Here, we show that microRNA 34 (miR-34) is significantly induced by BMP2 during osteoblast differentiation. In vivo, osteoblast-specific gain of miR-34c in mice leads to an age-dependent osteoporosis due to the defective mineralization and proliferation of osteoblasts and increased osteoclastogenesis. In osteoblasts, miR-34c targets multiple components of the Notch signaling pathway, including Notch1, Notch2 and Jag1 in a direct manner, and influences osteoclast differentiation in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Taken together, our results demonstrate that miR-34c is critical during osteoblastogenesis in part by regulating Notch signaling in bone homeostasis. Furthermore, miR-34c-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of Notch signaling in osteoblasts is one possible mechanism to modulate the proliferative effect of Notch in the committed osteoblast progenitors which may be important in the pathogenesis of osteosarcomas. Therefore, understanding the functional interaction of miR-34 and Notch signaling in normal bone development and in bone cancer could potentially lead to therapies modulating miR-34 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Bae
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine,One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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Abstract
Osteosclerosis is a pathologic bone disease characterized by an increase in bone formation over bone resorption. Genetic factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease are poorly understood. Dysregulation or mutation in many components of the Notch signaling pathway results in a wide range of human developmental disorders and cancers, including bone diseases. Our previous study found that activation of the Notch signaling in osteoblasts promotes cell proliferation and inhibits differentiation, leading to an osteosclerotic phenotype in transgenic mice. In this study we report a longer-lived mouse model that also develops osteosclerosis and a genetic manipulation that completely rescues the phenotype. Conditionally cre-activated expression of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) in vivo exclusively in committed osteoblasts caused massive osteosclerosis with growth retardation and abnormal vertebrae. Importantly, selective deletion of a Notch nuclear effector--Rbpj--in osteoblasts completely suppressed the osteosclerotic and growth-retardation phenotypes. Furthermore, cellular and molecular analyses of bones from the rescued mice confirmed that NICD-dependent molecular alterations in osteoblasts were completely reversed by removal of the Rbpj pathway. Together, our observations show that the osteosclerosis owing to activation of Notch signaling in osteoblasts is canonical in nature because it depends solely on Rbpj signaling. As such, it identifies Rbpj as a specific target for manipulating Notch signaling in a cell-autonomous fashion in osteoblasts in bone diseases where Notch may be dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Tao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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19
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Baldridge D, Lennington J, Weis M, Homan EP, Jiang MM, Munivez E, Keene DR, Hogue WR, Pyott S, Byers PH, Krakow D, Cohn DH, Eyre DR, Lee B, Morello R. Generalized connective tissue disease in Crtap-/- mouse. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10560. [PMID: 20485499 PMCID: PMC2868021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CRTAP (coding for cartilage-associated protein), LEPRE1 (coding for prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 [P3H1]) or PPIB (coding for Cyclophilin B [CYPB]) cause recessive forms of osteogenesis imperfecta and loss or decrease of type I collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation. A comprehensive analysis of the phenotype of the Crtap-/- mice revealed multiple abnormalities of connective tissue, including in the lungs, kidneys, and skin, consistent with systemic dysregulation of collagen homeostasis within the extracellular matrix. Both Crtap-/- lung and kidney glomeruli showed increased cellular proliferation. Histologically, the lungs showed increased alveolar spacing, while the kidneys showed evidence of segmental glomerulosclerosis, with abnormal collagen deposition. The Crtap-/- skin had decreased mechanical integrity. In addition to the expected loss of proline 986 3-hydroxylation in alpha1(I) and alpha1(II) chains, there was also loss of 3Hyp at proline 986 in alpha2(V) chains. In contrast, at two of the known 3Hyp sites in alpha1(IV) chains from Crtap-/- kidneys there were normal levels of 3-hydroxylation. On a cellular level, loss of CRTAP in human OI fibroblasts led to a secondary loss of P3H1, and vice versa. These data suggest that both CRTAP and P3H1 are required to maintain a stable complex that 3-hydroxylates canonical proline sites within clade A (types I, II, and V) collagen chains. Loss of this activity leads to a multi-systemic connective tissue disease that affects bone, cartilage, lung, kidney, and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Baldridge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Lennington
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Erica P. Homan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Douglas R. Keene
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - William R. Hogue
- Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Shawna Pyott
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter H. Byers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David R. Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Roy Morello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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20
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Morello R, Bertin TK, Schlaubitz S, Shaw CA, Kakuru S, Munivez E, Hermanns P, Chen Y, Zabel B, Lee B. Brachy-syndactyly caused by loss of Sfrp2 function. J Cell Physiol 2008; 217:127-37. [PMID: 18446812 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways are regulated both at the intracellular and extracellular levels. During embryogenesis, the in vivo effects of the secreted frizzled-related protein (Sfrp) family of Wnt inhibitors are poorly understood. Here, we show that inactivation of Sfrp2 results in subtle limb defects in mice with mesomelic shortening and consistent shortening of all autopodal elements that is clinically manifested as brachydactyly. In addition, there is soft-tissue syndactyly of the hindlimb. The brachydactyly is caused by decreased chondrocyte proliferation and delayed differentiation in distal limb chondrogenic elements. These data suggest that Sfrp2 can regulate both chondrogenesis and regression of interdigital mesenchyme in distal limb. Sfrp2 can also repress canonical Wnt signaling by Wnt1, Wnt9a, and Wnt4 in vitro. Sfrp2-/- and TOPGAL/Sfrp2-/- mice have a mild increase in beta-catenin and beta-galactosidase staining, respectively, in some phalangeal elements. This however does not exclude a potential concurrent effect on non-canonical Wnt signaling in the growth plate. In combination with what is known about BMP and Wnt signaling in human brachydactylies, our data establish a critical role for Sfrp2 in proper distal limb formation and suggest SFPR2 could be a novel candidate gene for human brachy-syndactyly defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Morello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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21
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Napierala D, Sam K, Morello R, Zheng Q, Munivez E, Shivdasani RA, Lee B. Uncoupling of chondrocyte differentiation and perichondrial mineralization underlies the skeletal dysplasia in tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2008; 17:2244-54. [PMID: 18424451 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddn125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is an autosomal dominant craniofacial and skeletal dysplasia that is caused by mutations involving the TRPS1 gene. Patients with TRPS have short stature, hip abnormalities, cone-shaped epiphyses and premature closure of growth plates reflecting defects in endochondral ossification. The TRPS1 gene encodes for the transcription factor TRPS1 that has been demonstrated to repress transcription in vitro. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal abnormalities in TRPS, we analyzed Trps1 mutant mice (Trps1DeltaGT mice). Analyses of growth plates demonstrated delayed chondrocyte differentiation and accelerated mineralization of perichondrium in Trps1 mutant mice. These abnormalities were accompanied by increased Runx2 and Ihh expression and increased Indian hedgehog signaling. We demonstrated that Trps1 physically interacts with Runx2 and represses Runx2-mediated trans-activation. Importantly, generation of Trps1(DeltaGT/+);Runx2(+/-) double heterozygous mice rescued the opposite growth plate phenotypes of single mutants, demonstrating the genetic interaction between Trps1 and Runx2 transcription factors. Collectively, these data suggest that skeletal dysplasia in TRPS is caused by dysregulation of chondrocyte and perichondrium development partially due to loss of Trps1 repression of Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobrawa Napierala
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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22
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Zhou G, Zheng Q, Engin F, Munivez E, Chen Y, Sebald E, Krakow D, Lee B. Dominance of SOX9 function over RUNX2 during skeletogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:19004-9. [PMID: 17142326 PMCID: PMC1748167 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605170103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived osteochondroprogenitors express two master transcription factors, SOX9 and RUNX2, during condensation of the skeletal anlagen. They are essential for chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively, and their haploinsufficiency causes human skeletal dysplasias. We show that SOX9 directly interacts with RUNX2 and represses its activity via their evolutionarily conserved high-mobility-group and runt domains. Ectopic expression of full-length SOX9 or its RUNX2-interacting domain in mouse osteoblasts results in an osteodysplasia characterized by severe osteopenia and down-regulation of osteoblast differentiation markers. Thus, SOX9 can inhibit RUNX2 function in vivo even in established osteoblastic lineage. Finally, we demonstrate that this dominant inhibitory function of SOX9 is physiologically relevant in human campomelic dysplasia. In campomelic dysplasia, haploinsufficiency of SOX9 results in up-regulation of the RUNX2 transcriptional target COL10A1 as well as all three members of RUNX gene family. In summary, SOX9 is dominant over RUNX2 function in mesenchymal precursors that are destined for a chondrogenic lineage during endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhou
- *Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Qiping Zheng
- *Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Feyza Engin
- *Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Elda Munivez
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
- *Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
- *Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Eiman Sebald
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Brendan Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and
- *Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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23
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Abstract
Cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH) or McKusick type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (MCD) (OMIM # 250250) is due to either the homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the nuclear encoded, non-coding RNA gene RMRP. Twenty-seven CHH patients were referred for molecular evaluation of the clinical diagnosis. RMRP mutations were found in 22 patients. The phenotype in one of the five mutation-negative patients was fully congruent with the adopted case definition of CHH. In a second of these patients, the diagnosis of Schmid type MCD (OMIM # 156500) was made and confirmed by the detection of a mutation in the COL10A1 gene. The remaining patients most likely represent one or more MCDs hitherto not yet delineated. The pattern of cumulative growth in infancy and early childhood in the latter four patients was the single feature with greatest negative predictive power for CHH. Fourteen mutations detected here, had not been reported previously. In this ethnically heterogeneous population, we performed a retrospective study to compare the prevalence of clinical features compared to previous reports based mostly on more ethnically homogenous groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Hermanns
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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