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Zieba J, Nevarez L, Wachtell D, Martin JH, Kot A, Wong S, Cohn DH, Krakow D. Altered Sox9 and FGF signaling gene expression in Aga2 OI mice negatively affects linear growth. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171984. [PMID: 37796615 PMCID: PMC10721276 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is a disorder characterized by bone fragility and increased fracture incidence. All forms of OI also feature short stature, implying an effect on endochondral ossification. Using the Aga2+/- mouse, which has a mutation in type I collagen, we show an affected growth plate primarily due to a shortened proliferative zone. We used single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of tibial and femoral growth plate tissues to understand transcriptional consequences on growth plate cell types. We show that perichondrial cells, which express abundant type I procollagen, and growth plate chondrocytes, which were found to express low amounts of type I procollagen, had ER stress and dysregulation of the same unfolded protein response pathway as previously demonstrated in osteoblasts. Aga2+/- proliferating chondrocytes showed increased FGF and MAPK signaling, findings consistent with accelerated differentiation. There was also increased Sox9 expression throughout the growth plate, which is expected to accelerate early chondrocyte differentiation but reduce late hypertrophic differentiation. These data reveal that mutant type I collagen expression in OI has an impact on the cartilage growth plate. These effects on endochondral ossification indicate that OI is a biologically complex phenotype going beyond its known impacts on bone to negatively affect linear growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zieba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lisette Nevarez
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Davis Wachtell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jorge H. Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander Kot
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sereen Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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2
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Unger S, Ferreira CR, Mortier GR, Ali H, Bertola DR, Calder A, Cohn DH, Cormier-Daire V, Girisha KM, Hall C, Krakow D, Makitie O, Mundlos S, Nishimura G, Robertson SP, Savarirayan R, Sillence D, Simon M, Sutton VR, Warman ML, Superti-Furga A. Nosology of genetic skeletal disorders: 2023 revision. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1164-1209. [PMID: 36779427 PMCID: PMC10081954 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The "Nosology of genetic skeletal disorders" has undergone its 11th revision and now contains 771 entries associated with 552 genes reflecting advances in molecular delineation of new disorders thanks to advances in DNA sequencing technology. The most significant change as compared to previous versions is the adoption of the dyadic naming system, systematically associating a phenotypic entity with the gene it arises from. We consider this a significant step forward as dyadic naming is more informative and less prone to errors than the traditional use of list numberings and eponyms. Despite the adoption of dyadic naming, efforts have been made to maintain strong ties to the MIM catalog and its historical data. As with the previous versions, the list of disorders and genes in the Nosology may be useful in considering the differential diagnosis in the clinic, directing bioinformatic analysis of next-generation sequencing results, and providing a basis for novel advances in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Unger
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- Skeletal Genomics Unit, Metabolic Medicine Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Geert R Mortier
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Houda Ali
- INSERM, US14-Orphanet, Paris, France
| | - Débora R Bertola
- Unidade de Genética, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alistair Calder
- Radiology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Paris Cité University, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Christine Hall
- Emerita Consultant Paediatric Radiologist at Great Ormond Street Childrens' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopaedic Surgery and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Outi Makitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institut für medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Radiology, Musashino-Yowakai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen P Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ravi Savarirayan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Sillence
- Specialities of Genomic Medicine and Paediatrics and Adolescent Health, Sydney University Clinical School, Children's Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Marleen Simon
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew L Warman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Zieba J, Forlenza KN, Heard K, Martin JH, Bosakova M, Cohn DH, Robertson SP, Krejci P, Krakow D. Intervertebral disc degeneration is rescued by TGFβ/BMP signaling modulation in an ex vivo filamin B mouse model. Bone Res 2022; 10:37. [PMID: 35474298 PMCID: PMC9042866 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondylocarpotarsal syndrome (SCT) is a rare musculoskeletal disorder characterized by short stature and vertebral, carpal, and tarsal fusions resulting from biallelic nonsense mutations in the gene encoding filamin B (FLNB). Utilizing a FLNB knockout mouse, we showed that the vertebral fusions in SCT evolved from intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and ossification of the annulus fibrosus (AF), eventually leading to full trabecular bone formation. This resulted from alterations in the TGFβ/BMP signaling pathway that included increased canonical TGFβ and noncanonical BMP signaling. In this study, the role of FLNB in the TGFβ/BMP pathway was elucidated using in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo treatment methodologies. The data demonstrated that FLNB interacts with inhibitory Smads 6 and 7 (i-Smads) to regulate TGFβ/BMP signaling and that loss of FLNB produces increased TGFβ receptor activity and decreased Smad 1 ubiquitination. Through the use of small molecule inhibitors in an ex vivo spine model, TGFβ/BMP signaling was modulated to design a targeted treatment for SCT and disc degeneration. Inhibition of canonical and noncanonical TGFβ/BMP pathway activity restored Flnb-/- IVD morphology. These most effective improvements resulted from specific inhibition of TGFβ and p38 signaling activation. FLNB acts as a bridge for TGFβ/BMP signaling crosstalk through i-Smads and is key for the critical balance in TGFβ/BMP signaling that maintains the IVD. These findings further our understanding of IVD biology and reveal new molecular targets for disc degeneration as well as congenital vertebral fusion disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zieba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | | | - Kelly Heard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jorge H Martin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michaela Bosakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Stephen P Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Duran I, Zieba J, Csukasi F, Martin JH, Wachtell D, Barad M, Dawson B, Fafilek B, Jacobsen CM, Ambrose CG, Cohn DH, Krejci P, Lee BH, Krakow D. 4-PBA Treatment Improves Bone Phenotypes in the Aga2 Mouse Model of Osteogenesis Imperfecta. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:675-686. [PMID: 34997935 PMCID: PMC9018561 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetically heterogenous disorder most often due to heterozygosity for mutations in the type I procollagen genes, COL1A1 or COL1A2. The disorder is characterized by bone fragility leading to increased fracture incidence and long-bone deformities. Although multiple mechanisms underlie OI, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as a cellular response to defective collagen trafficking is emerging as a contributor to OI pathogenesis. Herein, we used 4-phenylbutiric acid (4-PBA), an established chemical chaperone, to determine if treatment of Aga2+/- mice, a model for moderately severe OI due to a Col1a1 structural mutation, could attenuate the phenotype. In vitro, Aga2+/- osteoblasts show increased protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) activation protein levels, which improved upon treatment with 4-PBA. The in vivo data demonstrate that a postweaning 5-week 4-PBA treatment increased total body length and weight, decreased fracture incidence, increased femoral bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and increased cortical thickness. These findings were associated with in vivo evidence of decreased bone-derived protein levels of the ER stress markers binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), CCAAT/-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) as well as increased levels of the autophagosome marker light chain 3A/B (LC3A/B). Genetic ablation of CHOP in Aga2+/- mice resulted in increased severity of the Aga2+/- phenotype, suggesting that the reduction in CHOP observed in vitro after treatment is a consequence rather than a cause of reduced ER stress. These findings suggest the potential use of chemical chaperones as an adjunct treatment for forms of OI associated with ER stress. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Málaga, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jennifer Zieba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabiana Csukasi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Málaga, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jorge H Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Davis Wachtell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maya Barad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian Dawson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bohumil Fafilek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christina M Jacobsen
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine G Ambrose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Brendan H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Barad M, Csukasi F, Bosakova M, Martin JH, Zhang W, Paige Taylor S, Lachman RS, Zieba J, Bamshad M, Nickerson D, Chong JX, Cohn DH, Krejci P, Krakow D, Duran I. Biallelic mutations in LAMA5 disrupts a skeletal noncanonical focal adhesion pathway and produces a distinct bent bone dysplasia. EBioMedicine 2020; 62:103075. [PMID: 33242826 PMCID: PMC7695969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beyond its structural role in the skeleton, the extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly basement membrane proteins, facilitates communication with intracellular signaling pathways and cell to cell interactions to control differentiation, proliferation, migration and survival. Alterations in extracellular proteins cause a number of skeletal disorders, yet the consequences of an abnormal ECM on cellular communication remains less well understood Methods Clinical and radiographic examinations defined the phenotype in this unappreciated bent bone skeletal disorder. Exome analysis identified the genetic alteration, confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Quantitative PCR, western blot analyses, immunohistochemistry, luciferase assay for WNT signaling were employed to determine RNA, proteins levels and localization, and dissect out the underlying cell signaling abnormalities. Migration and wound healing assays examined cell migration properties. Findings This bent bone dysplasia resulted from biallelic mutations in LAMA5, the gene encoding the alpha-5 laminin basement membrane protein. This finding uncovered a mechanism of disease driven by ECM-cell interactions between alpha-5-containing laminins, and integrin-mediated focal adhesion signaling, particularly in cartilage. Loss of LAMA5 altered β1 integrin signaling through the non-canonical kinase PYK2 and the skeletal enriched SRC kinase, FYN. Loss of LAMA5 negatively impacted the actin cytoskeleton, vinculin localization, and WNT signaling. Interpretation This newly described mechanism revealed a LAMA5-β1 Integrin-PYK2-FYN focal adhesion complex that regulates skeletogenesis, impacted WNT signaling and, when dysregulated, produced a distinct skeletal disorder. Funding Supported by NIH awards R01 AR066124, R01 DE019567, R01 HD070394, and U54HG006493, and Czech Republic grants INTER-ACTION LTAUSA19030, V18-08-00567 and GA19-20123S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Barad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 512, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Fabiana Csukasi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 512, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration-LABRET, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Michaela Bosakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 65691, Czech Republic
| | - Jorge H Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 512, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - S Paige Taylor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 512, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ralph S Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States
| | - Jennifer Zieba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 512, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Michael Bamshad
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 United States
| | - Deborah Nickerson
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 United States
| | - Jessica X Chong
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 United States
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 512, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California- Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno 62500, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno 65691, Czech Republic
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 512, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 United States; Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Human Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB 512, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration-LABRET, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Málaga, IBIMA, Málaga 29071, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Severo Ochoa 35, Málaga 29590, Spain
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6
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Bosakova M, Abraham SP, Nita A, Hruba E, Buchtova M, Taylor SP, Duran I, Martin J, Svozilova K, Barta T, Varecha M, Balek L, Kohoutek J, Radaszkiewicz T, Pusapati GV, Bryja V, Rush ET, Thiffault I, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Rohatgi R, Cohn DH, Krakow D, Krejci P. Mutations in GRK2 cause Jeune syndrome by impairing Hedgehog and canonical Wnt signaling. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11739. [PMID: 33200460 PMCID: PMC7645380 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes affecting primary cilia cause ciliopathies, a diverse group of disorders often affecting skeletal development. This includes Jeune syndrome or asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), an autosomal recessive skeletal disorder. Unraveling the responsible molecular pathology helps illuminate mechanisms responsible for functional primary cilia. We identified two families with ATD caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding adrenergic receptor kinase 1 (ADRBK1 or GRK2). GRK2 cells from an affected individual homozygous for the p.R158* mutation resulted in loss of GRK2, and disrupted chondrocyte growth and differentiation in the cartilage growth plate. GRK2 null cells displayed normal cilia morphology, yet loss of GRK2 compromised cilia-based signaling of Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Canonical Wnt signaling was also impaired, manifested as a failure to respond to Wnt ligand due to impaired phosphorylation of the Wnt co-receptor LRP6. We have identified GRK2 as an essential regulator of skeletogenesis and demonstrate how both Hh and Wnt signaling mechanistically contribute to skeletal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Bosakova
- Department of BiologyFaculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research CenterSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Sara P Abraham
- Department of BiologyFaculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Alexandru Nita
- Department of BiologyFaculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Eva Hruba
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Marcela Buchtova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
| | - S Paige Taylor
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Jorge Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Katerina Svozilova
- Department of BiologyFaculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Tomas Barta
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Varecha
- Department of BiologyFaculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Lukas Balek
- Department of BiologyFaculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | | | - Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Institute of Experimental BiologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Ganesh V Pusapati
- Department of BiochemistryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA
- Department of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Institute of Experimental BiologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Eric T Rush
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Pediatric Genomic MedicineKansas CityMOUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MissouriKansas CityMOUSA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Pediatric Genomic MedicineKansas CityMOUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MissouriKansas CityMOUSA
| | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Division of Genetic MedicineSeattle Children's HospitalSeattleWAUSA
| | | | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Department of BiochemistryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA
- Department of MedicineStanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Human GeneticsDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of BiologyFaculty of MedicineMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- International Clinical Research CenterSt. Anne's University HospitalBrnoCzech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CASBrnoCzech Republic
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7
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Mortier GR, Cohn DH, Cormier-Daire V, Hall C, Krakow D, Mundlos S, Nishimura G, Robertson S, Sangiorgi L, Savarirayan R, Sillence D, Superti-Furga A, Unger S, Warman ML. Nosology and classification of genetic skeletal disorders: 2019 revision. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2393-2419. [PMID: 31633310 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The application of massively parallel sequencing technology to the field of skeletal disorders has boosted the discovery of the underlying genetic defect for many of these diseases. It has also resulted in the delineation of new clinical entities and the identification of genes and pathways that had not previously been associated with skeletal disorders. These rapid advances have prompted the Nosology Committee of the International Skeletal Dysplasia Society to revise and update the last (2015) version of the Nosology and Classification of Genetic Skeletal Disorders. This newest and tenth version of the Nosology comprises 461 different diseases that are classified into 42 groups based on their clinical, radiographic, and/or molecular phenotypes. Remarkably, pathogenic variants affecting 437 different genes have been found in 425/461 (92%) of these disorders. By providing a reference list of recognized entities and their causal genes, the Nosology should help clinicians achieve accurate diagnoses for their patients and help scientists advance research in skeletal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert R Mortier
- Department of Medical Genetics, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Christine Hall
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Human Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen Robertson
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Luca Sangiorgi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Skeletal Rare Diseases, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ravi Savarirayan
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Sillence
- Discipline of Genomic Medicine, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Sheila Unger
- Medical Genetics Service, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew L Warman
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Csukasi F, Duran I, Barad M, Barta T, Gudernova I, Trantirek L, Martin JH, Kuo CY, Woods J, Lee H, Cohn DH, Krejci P, Krakow D. The PTH/PTHrP-SIK3 pathway affects skeletogenesis through altered mTOR signaling. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/459/eaat9356. [PMID: 30232230 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat9356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies have suggested a role for the mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) in skeletal development and homeostasis, yet there is no evidence connecting mTOR with the key signaling pathways that regulate skeletogenesis. We identified a parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP)-salt-inducible kinase 3 (SIK3)-mTOR signaling cascade essential for skeletogenesis. While investigating a new skeletal dysplasia caused by a homozygous mutation in the catalytic domain of SIK3, we observed decreased activity of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 due to accumulation of DEPTOR, a negative regulator of both mTOR complexes. This SIK3 syndrome shared skeletal features with Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC), a disorder caused by constitutive activation of the PTH/PTHrP receptor. JMC-derived chondrocytes showed reduced SIK3 activity, elevated DEPTOR, and decreased mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity, indicating a common mechanism of disease. The data demonstrate that SIK3 is an essential positive regulator of mTOR signaling that functions by triggering DEPTOR degradation in response to PTH/PTHrP signaling during skeletogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Csukasi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maya Barad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tomas Barta
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Gudernova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Trantirek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jorge H Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Caroline Y Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeremy Woods
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. .,Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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9
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Csukasi F, Duran I, Zhang W, Martin JH, Barad M, Bamshad M, Weis MA, Eyre D, Krakow D, Cohn DH. Dominant-negative SOX9 mutations in campomelic dysplasia. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:2344-2352. [PMID: 31389106 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Campomelic dysplasia (CD) is an autosomal dominant, perinatal lethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by a small chest and short long bones with bowing of the lower extremities. CD is the result of heterozygosity for mutations in the gene encoding the chondrogenesis master regulator, SOX9. Loss-of-function mutations have been identified in most CD cases so it has been assumed that the disease results from haploinsufficiency for SOX9. Here, we identified distal truncating SOX9 mutations in four unrelated CD cases. The mutations all leave the dimerization and DNA-binding domains intact and cultured chondrocytes from three of the four cases synthesized truncated SOX9. Relative to CD resulting from haploinsufficiency, there was decreased transactivation activity toward a major transcriptional target, COL2A1, consistent with the mutations exerting a dominant-negative effect. For one of the cases, the phenotypic consequence was a very severe form of CD, with a pronounced effect on vertebral and limb development. The data identify a novel molecular mechanism of disease in CD in which the truncated protein leads to a distinct and more significant effect on SOX9 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Csukasi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jorge H Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maya Barad
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mary Ann Weis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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10
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Balasubramanian K, Weis M, Eyre DR, Martin J, Ortiz-Sanchez J, Duran I, Vangala S, Wang J, Friedman RA, Krakow D, Cohn DH. The α2 chain of type IX collagen is essential for type IX collagen biosynthesis. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1672-1677. [PMID: 31161720 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Balasubramanian
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David R Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jorge Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jorge Ortiz-Sanchez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Juemei Wang
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rick A Friedman
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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11
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Burrage LC, Reynolds JJ, Baratang NV, Phillips JB, Wegner J, McFarquhar A, Higgs MR, Christiansen AE, Lanza DG, Seavitt JR, Jain M, Li X, Parry DA, Raman V, Chitayat D, Chinn IK, Bertuch AA, Karaviti L, Schlesinger AE, Earl D, Bamshad M, Savarirayan R, Doddapaneni H, Muzny D, Jhangiani SN, Eng CM, Gibbs RA, Bi W, Emrick L, Rosenfeld JA, Postlethwait J, Westerfield M, Dickinson ME, Beaudet AL, Ranza E, Huber C, Cormier-Daire V, Shen W, Mao R, Heaney JD, Orange JS, Bertola D, Yamamoto GL, Baratela WAR, Butler MG, Ali A, Adeli M, Cohn DH, Krakow D, Jackson AP, Lees M, Offiah AC, Carlston CM, Carey JC, Stewart GS, Bacino CA, Campeau PM, Lee B. Bi-allelic Variants in TONSL Cause SPONASTRIME Dysplasia and a Spectrum of Skeletal Dysplasia Phenotypes. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:422-438. [PMID: 30773277 PMCID: PMC6408318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SPONASTRIME dysplasia is an autosomal-recessive spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia characterized by spine (spondylar) abnormalities, midface hypoplasia with a depressed nasal bridge, metaphyseal striations, and disproportionate short stature. Scoliosis, coxa vara, childhood cataracts, short dental roots, and hypogammaglobulinemia have also been reported in this disorder. Although an autosomal-recessive inheritance pattern has been hypothesized, pathogenic variants in a specific gene have not been discovered in individuals with SPONASTRIME dysplasia. Here, we identified bi-allelic variants in TONSL, which encodes the Tonsoku-like DNA repair protein, in nine subjects (from eight families) with SPONASTRIME dysplasia, and four subjects (from three families) with short stature of varied severity and spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with or without immunologic and hematologic abnormalities, but no definitive metaphyseal striations at diagnosis. The finding of early embryonic lethality in a Tonsl-/- murine model and the discovery of reduced length, spinal abnormalities, reduced numbers of neutrophils, and early lethality in a tonsl-/- zebrafish model both support the hypomorphic nature of the identified TONSL variants. Moreover, functional studies revealed increased amounts of spontaneous replication fork stalling and chromosomal aberrations, as well as fewer camptothecin (CPT)-induced RAD51 foci in subject-derived cell lines. Importantly, these cellular defects were rescued upon re-expression of wild-type (WT) TONSL; this rescue is consistent with the hypothesis that hypomorphic TONSL variants are pathogenic. Overall, our studies in humans, mice, zebrafish, and subject-derived cell lines confirm that pathogenic variants in TONSL impair DNA replication and homologous recombination-dependent repair processes, and they lead to a spectrum of skeletal dysplasia phenotypes with numerous extra-skeletal manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John J Reynolds
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nissan Vida Baratang
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | | | - Jeremy Wegner
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Ashley McFarquhar
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Martin R Higgs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Audrey E Christiansen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Denise G Lanza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John R Seavitt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mahim Jain
- Department of Bone and Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David A Parry
- Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Vandana Raman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - David Chitayat
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z5, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ivan K Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alison A Bertuch
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lefkothea Karaviti
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alan E Schlesinger
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dawn Earl
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ravi Savarirayan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Harsha Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donna Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine M Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weimin Bi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Emrick
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John Postlethwait
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Monte Westerfield
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Mary E Dickinson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arthur L Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Ranza
- Service of Genetic Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Celine Huber
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris 75015, France
| | - Wei Shen
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Rong Mao
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Division of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Current affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Débora Bertola
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, SP 05508-0900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Yamamoto
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, SP 05508-0900, Brazil
| | - Wagner A R Baratela
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Asim Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, the Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Mehdi Adeli
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Human Genetics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew P Jackson
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Melissa Lees
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Amaka C Offiah
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | - Colleen M Carlston
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - John C Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Carlos A Bacino
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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12
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Hanson-Kahn A, Li B, Cohn DH, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Hudgins L. Autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome resulting from a COL9A3 mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2887-2891. [PMID: 30450842 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Stickler syndrome is a connective tissue disorder characterized by hearing loss, ocular anomalies, palatal defects, and skeletal abnormalities. The autosomal dominant form is the most common, but autosomal recessive forms have also been described. We report the second case of autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome due to homozygosity for a loss of function mutation in COL9A3, which encodes the α3 chain of type IX procollagen. The clinical features were similar to the previously described COL9A3 Stickler syndrome family, including moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss, high myopia, and both tibial and femoral bowing at birth. Radiographs demonstrated abnormal capital femoral epiphyses and mild irregularities of the vertebral endplates. This case further establishes the phenotype associated with mutations in this gene. We suggest that loss of the α3 chain of type IX collagen results in a Stickler syndrome phenotype similar to that of the other autosomal recessive forms caused by mutations in genes encoding the α1 and α2 chains of type IX collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hanson-Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | -
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Seattle, Washington
| | - Louanne Hudgins
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
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13
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Zhang W, Taylor SP, Ennis HA, Forlenza KN, Duran I, Li B, Sanchez JAO, Nevarez L, Nickerson DA, Bamshad M, Lachman RS, Krakow D, Cohn DH. Expanding the genetic architecture and phenotypic spectrum in the skeletal ciliopathies. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:152-166. [PMID: 29068549 PMCID: PMC6198324 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Defects in the biosynthesis and/or function of primary cilia cause a spectrum of disorders collectively referred to as ciliopathies. A subset of these disorders is distinguished by profound abnormalities of the skeleton that include a long narrow chest with markedly short ribs, extremely short limbs, and polydactyly. These include the perinatal lethal short-rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS) and the less severe asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), Ellis-van Creveld (EVC) syndrome, and cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED) phenotypes. To identify new genes and define the spectrum of mutations in the skeletal ciliopathies, we analyzed 152 unrelated families with SRPS, ATD, and EVC. Causal variants were discovered in 14 genes in 120 families, including one newly associated gene and two genes previously associated with other ciliopathies. These three genes encode components of three different ciliary complexes; FUZ, which encodes a planar cell polarity complex molecule; TRAF3IP1, which encodes an anterograde ciliary transport protein; and LBR, which encodes a nuclear membrane protein with sterol reductase activity. The results established the molecular basis of SRPS type IV, in which mutations were identified in four different ciliary genes. The data provide systematic insight regarding the genotypes associated with a large cohort of these genetically heterogeneous phenotypes and identified new ciliary components required for normal skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - S Paige Taylor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hayley A Ennis
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kimberly N Forlenza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jorge A Ortiz Sanchez
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisette Nevarez
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ralph S Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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14
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Balasubramanian K, Li B, Krakow D, Nevarez L, Ho PJ, Ainsworth JA, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Immken L, Lachman RS, Cohn DH. MED resulting from recessively inherited mutations in the gene encoding calcium-activated nucleotidase CANT1. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2415-2421. [PMID: 28742282 PMCID: PMC5564418 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia (MED) is a relatively mild skeletal dysplasia characterized by mild short stature, joint pain, and early-onset osteoarthropathy. Dominantly inherited mutations in COMP, MATN3, COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3, and recessively inherited mutations in SLC26A2, account for the molecular basis of disease in about 80-85% of the cases. In two families with recurrent MED of an unknown molecular basis, we used exome sequencing and candidate gene analysis to identify homozygosity for recessively inherited missense mutations in CANT1, which encodes calcium-activated nucleotidase 1. The MED phenotype is thus allelic to the more severe Desbuquois dysplasia phenotype and the results identify CANT1 as a second locus for recessively inherited MED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Balasubramanian
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lisette Nevarez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patric J. Ho
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Julia A. Ainsworth
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deborah A. Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael J. Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Ralph S. Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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15
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Duran I, Martin JH, Weis MA, Krejci P, Konik P, Li B, Alanay Y, Lietman C, Lee B, Eyre D, Cohn DH, Krakow D. A Chaperone Complex Formed by HSP47, FKBP65, and BiP Modulates Telopeptide Lysyl Hydroxylation of Type I Procollagen. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1309-1319. [PMID: 28177155 PMCID: PMC5466459 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lysine hydroxylation of type I collagen telopeptides varies from tissue to tissue, and these distinct hydroxylation patterns modulate collagen cross-linking to generate a unique extracellular matrix. Abnormalities in these patterns contribute to pathologies that include osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), fibrosis, and cancer. Telopeptide procollagen modifications are carried out by lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2); however, little is known regarding how this enzyme regulates hydroxylation patterns. We identified an ER complex of resident chaperones that includes HSP47, FKBP65, and BiP regulating the activity of LH2. Our findings show that FKBP65 and HSP47 modulate the activity of LH2 to either favor or repress its activity. BiP was also identified as a member of the complex, playing a role in enhancing the formation of the complex. This newly identified ER chaperone complex contributes to our understanding of how LH2 regulates lysyl hydroxylation of type I collagen C-telopeptides to affect the quality of connective tissues. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jorge H Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Ann Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Konik
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Pediatric Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Caressa Lietman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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16
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Duran I, Taylor SP, Zhang W, Martin J, Qureshi F, Jacques SM, Wallerstein R, Lachman RS, Nickerson DA, Bamshad M, Cohn DH, Krakow D. Mutations in IFT-A satellite core component genes IFT43 and IFT121 produce short rib polydactyly syndrome with distinctive campomelia. Cilia 2017; 6:7. [PMID: 28400947 PMCID: PMC5387211 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-017-0051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skeletal ciliopathies comprise a spectrum of ciliary malfunction disorders that have a profound effect on the skeleton. Most common among these disorders is short rib polydactyly syndrome (SRPS), a recessively inherited perinatal lethal condition characterized by a long narrow chest, markedly shortened long bones, polydactyly and, often, multi-organ system involvement. SRPS shows extensive locus heterogeneity with mutations in genes encoding proteins that participate in cilia formation and/or function. Results Herein we describe mutations in IFT43, a satellite member of the retrograde IFT-A complex, that produce a form of SRPS with unusual bending of the ribs and appendicular bones. These newly described IFT43 mutations disrupted cilia formation, produced abnormalities in cartilage growth plate architecture thus contributing to altered endochondral ossification. We further show that the IFT43 SRPS phenotype is similar to SRPS resulting from mutations in the gene encoding IFT121 (WDR35), a direct interactor with IFT43. Conclusions This study defines a new IFT43-associated phenotype, identifying an additional locus for SRPS. The data demonstrate that IFT43 is essential for ciliogenesis and that the mutations disrupted the orderly proliferation and differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes, resulting in a severe effect on endochondral ossification and mineralization. Phenotypic similarities with SRPS cases resulting from mutations in the gene encoding the IFT43 direct interacting protein IFT121 suggests that similar mechanisms may be disrupted by defects in these two IFT-A satellite interactors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13630-017-0051-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - S Paige Taylor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jorge Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Faisal Qureshi
- Department of Pathology, Hutzel Women's Hospital/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Suzanne M Jacques
- Department of Pathology, Hutzel Women's Hospital/Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Robert Wallerstein
- Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children, Honolulu, HI 96826 USA
| | - Ralph S Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Michael Bamshad
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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17
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Badiner N, Taylor SP, Forlenza K, Lachman RS, Bamshad M, Nickerson D, Cohn DH, Krakow D. Mutations in DYNC2H1, the cytoplasmic dynein 2, heavy chain 1 motor protein gene, cause short-rib polydactyly type I, Saldino-Noonan type. Clin Genet 2017; 92:158-165. [PMID: 27925158 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The short-rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS) are autosomal recessively inherited, genetically heterogeneous skeletal ciliopathies. SRPS phenotypes were historically categorized as types I-IV, with type I first delineated by Saldino and Noonan in 1972. Characteristic findings among all forms of SRP include short horizontal ribs, short limbs and polydactyly. The SRP type I phenotype is characterized by a very small thorax, extreme micromelia, very short, poorly mineralized long bones, and multiple organ system anomalies. To date, the molecular basis of this most severe type of SRP, also known as Saldino-Noonan syndrome, has not been determined. We identified three SRP cases that fit the original phenotypic description of SRP type I. In all three cases, exome sequence analysis revealed compound heterozygosity for mutations in DYNC2H1, which encodes the main component of the retrograde IFT A motor, cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1. Thus SRP type I, II, III and asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), which also result from DYNC2H1 mutations. Herein we describe the phenotypic features, radiographic findings, and molecular basis of SRP type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Badiner
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S P Taylor
- Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Forlenza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R S Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | -
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Bamshad
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Nickerson
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Developmental Cell and Molecular Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - D Krakow
- Department of Human Genetics, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Egunsola AT, Bae Y, Jiang MM, Liu DS, Chen-Evenson Y, Bertin T, Chen S, Lu JT, Nevarez L, Magal N, Raas-Rothschild A, Swindell EC, Cohn DH, Gibbs RA, Campeau PM, Shohat M, Lee BH. Loss of DDRGK1 modulates SOX9 ubiquitination in spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1475-1484. [PMID: 28263186 DOI: 10.1172/jci90193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Shohat-type spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) is a skeletal dysplasia that affects cartilage development. Similar skeletal disorders, such as spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias, are linked to mutations in type II collagen (COL2A1), but the causative gene in SEMD is not known. Here, we have performed whole-exome sequencing to identify a recurrent homozygous c.408+1G>A donor splice site loss-of-function mutation in DDRGK domain containing 1 (DDRGK1) in 4 families affected by SEMD. In zebrafish, ddrgk1 deficiency disrupted craniofacial cartilage development and led to decreased levels of the chondrogenic master transcription factor sox9 and its downstream target, col2a1. Overexpression of sox9 rescued the zebrafish chondrogenic and craniofacial phenotype generated by ddrgk1 knockdown, thus identifying DDRGK1 as a regulator of SOX9. Consistent with these results, Ddrgk1-/- mice displayed delayed limb bud chondrogenic condensation, decreased SOX9 protein expression and Col2a1 transcript levels, and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, we determined that DDRGK1 can directly bind to SOX9 to inhibit its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Taken together, these data indicate that loss of DDRGK1 decreases SOX9 expression and causes a human skeletal dysplasia, identifying a mechanism that regulates chondrogenesis via modulation of SOX9 ubiquitination.
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19
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Marques F, Tenney J, Duran I, Martin J, Nevarez L, Pogue R, Krakow D, Cohn DH, Li B. Correction: Altered mRNA Splicing, Chondrocyte Gene Expression and Abnormal Skeletal Development due to SF3B4 Mutations in Rodriguez Acrofacial Dysostosis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006502. [PMID: 27935951 PMCID: PMC5147806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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Duran I, Taylor SP, Zhang W, Martin J, Forlenza KN, Spiro RP, Nickerson DA, Bamshad M, Cohn DH, Krakow D. Destabilization of the IFT-B cilia core complex due to mutations in IFT81 causes a Spectrum of Short-Rib Polydactyly Syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34232. [PMID: 27666822 PMCID: PMC5035930 DOI: 10.1038/srep34232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS) and Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD) or Jeune Syndrome are recessively inherited skeletal ciliopathies characterized by profound skeletal abnormalities and are frequently associated with polydactyly and multiorgan system involvement. SRPS are produced by mutations in genes that participate in the formation and function of primary cilia and usually result from disruption of retrograde intraflagellar (IFT) transport of the cilium. Herein we describe a new spectrum of SRPS caused by mutations in the gene IFT81, a key component of the IFT-B complex essential for anterograde transport. In mutant chondrocytes, the mutations led to low levels of IFT81 and mutant cells produced elongated cilia, had altered hedgehog signaling, had increased post-translation modification of tubulin, and showed evidence of destabilization of additional anterograde transport complex components. These findings demonstrate the importance of IFT81 in the skeleton, its role in the anterograde transport complex, and expand the number of loci associated with SRPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), University of Malaga, Malaga, 29071, Spain
| | - S Paige Taylor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Jorge Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Kimberly N Forlenza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Rhonda P Spiro
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30342, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Michael Bamshad
- University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
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21
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Marques F, Tenney J, Duran I, Martin J, Nevarez L, Pogue R, Krakow D, Cohn DH, Li B. Altered mRNA Splicing, Chondrocyte Gene Expression and Abnormal Skeletal Development due to SF3B4 Mutations in Rodriguez Acrofacial Dysostosis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006307. [PMID: 27622494 PMCID: PMC5021280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The acrofacial dysostoses (AFD) are a genetically heterogeneous group of inherited disorders with craniofacial and limb abnormalities. Rodriguez syndrome is a severe, usually perinatal lethal AFD, characterized by severe retrognathia, oligodactyly and lower limb abnormalities. Rodriguez syndrome has been proposed to be a severe form of Nager syndrome, a non-lethal AFD that results from mutations in SF3B4, a component of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (U2 snRNP). Furthermore, a case with a phenotype intermediate between Rodriguez and Nager syndromes has been shown to have an SF3B4 mutation. We identified heterozygosity for SF3B4 mutations in Rodriguez syndrome, confirming that the phenotype is a dominant disorder that is allelic with Nager syndrome. The mutations led to reduced SF3B4 synthesis and defects in mRNA splicing, primarily exon skipping. The mutations also led to reduced expression in growth plate chondrocytes of target genes, including the DLX5, DLX6, SOX9, and SOX6 transcription factor genes, which are known to be important for skeletal development. These data provide mechanistic insight toward understanding how SF3B4 mutations lead to the skeletal abnormalities observed in the acrofacial dysostoses. The acrofacial dysostoses (AFD) are inherited disorders with abnormalities of the facial and limb bones. Rodriguez syndrome is a severe type of AFD that is usually lethal in the immediate perinatal period. Rodriguez syndrome has been proposed to be a severe form of Nager syndrome, a non-lethal AFD that results from mutations in SF3B4, a component of mRNA splicing machinery needed for proper maturation of primary transcripts. Furthermore, a case with a phenotype intermediate between Rodriguez and Nager syndromes has been shown to have an SF3B4 mutation. We found that mutations in SF3B4 produce Rodriguez syndrome, further demonstrating that it is allelic with Nager syndrome. The consequences of the mutations include abnormal splicing and reduced expression in growth plate chondrocytes of genes that are important for proper development of the skeleton, providing mechanistic insight toward understanding how SF3B4 mutations lead to the skeletal abnormalities observed in the acrofacial dysostoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade CEUMA, Campus Renascença, São Luís-MA, Brazil
| | - Jessica Tenney
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jorge Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lisette Nevarez
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Pogue
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DK); (DHC)
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DK); (DHC)
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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22
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Weinstein MM, Kang T, Lachman RS, Bamshad M, Nickerson DA, Krakow D, Cohn DH. Somatic mosaicism for a lethal TRPV4 mutation results in non-lethal metatropic dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:3298-3302. [PMID: 27530454 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dominant mutations in TRPV4, which encodes the Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 4 calcium channel, result in a series of musculoskeletal disorders that include a set of peripheral neuropathies and a broad phenotypic spectrum of skeletal dysplasias. The skeletal phenotypes range from brachyolmia, in which there is scoliosis with mild short stature, through perinatal lethal metatropic dysplasia. We describe a case with phenotypic findings consistent with metatropic dysplasia, but in whom no TRPV4 mutation was detected by Sanger sequence analysis. Exome sequence analysis identified a known lethal metatropic dysplasia mutation, TRPV4L618P , which was present at lower frequency than would be expected for a heterozygous change. The affected individual was shown to be a somatic mosaic for the mutation, providing an explanation for the milder than expected phenotype. The data illustrate that high-throughput sequencing of genomic DNA can facilitate detection of mosaicism with higher sensitivity than Sanger sequence analysis and identify a new genetic mechanism for metatropic dysplasia. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Weinstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Taekyu Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Ralph S Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle.,University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle.,University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Deborah Krakow
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles.,Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles.,Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles
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23
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Paige Taylor S, Kunova Bosakova M, Varecha M, Balek L, Barta T, Trantirek L, Jelinkova I, Duran I, Vesela I, Forlenza KN, Martin JH, Hampl A, Bamshad M, Nickerson D, Jaworski ML, Song J, Ko HW, Cohn DH, Krakow D, Krejci P. An inactivating mutation in intestinal cell kinase, ICK, impairs hedgehog signalling and causes short rib-polydactyly syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3998-4011. [PMID: 27466187 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The short rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS) are a group of recessively inherited, perinatal-lethal skeletal disorders primarily characterized by short ribs, shortened long bones, varying types of polydactyly and concomitant visceral abnormalities. Mutations in several genes affecting cilia function cause SRPS, revealing a role for cilia function in skeletal development. To identify additional SRPS genes and discover novel ciliary molecules required for normal skeletogenesis, we performed exome sequencing in a cohort of patients and identified homozygosity for a missense mutation, p.E80K, in Intestinal Cell Kinase, ICK, in one SRPS family. The p.E80K mutation abolished serine/threonine kinase activity, resulting in altered ICK subcellular and ciliary localization, increased cilia length, aberrant cartilage growth plate structure, defective Hedgehog and altered ERK signalling. These data identify ICK as an SRPS-associated gene and reveal that abnormalities in signalling pathways contribute to defective skeletogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paige Taylor
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Miroslav Varecha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Balek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Barta
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Trantirek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Department of Human Genetics.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Iva Vesela
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kimberly N Forlenza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Department of Human Genetics.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jorge H Martin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,Department of Human Genetics.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ales Hampl
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michael Bamshad
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deborah Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jieun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 410-820, Korea
| | - Hyuk Wan Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 410-820, Korea
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Zhang W, Taylor SP, Nevarez L, Lachman RS, Nickerson DA, Bamshad M, Krakow D, Cohn DH. IFT52 mutations destabilize anterograde complex assembly, disrupt ciliogenesis and result in short rib polydactyly syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4012-4020. [PMID: 27466190 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The short-rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPS) encompass a radiographically and genetically heterogeneous group of skeletal ciliopathies that are characterized by a long narrow chest, short extremities, and variable occurrence of polydactyly. Radiographic abnormalities include undermineralization of the calvarium, shortened and bowed appendicular bones, trident shaped acetabula and polydactyly. In a case of SRPS we identified compound heterozygosity for mutations in IFT52, which encodes a component of the anterograde intraflagellar transport complex. The IFT52 mutant cells synthesized a significantly reduced amount of IFT52 protein, leading to reduced synthesis of IFT74, IFT81, IFT88 and ARL13B, other key anterograde complex members. Ciliogenesis was also disrupted in the mutant cells, with a 60% reduction in the presence of cilia on mutant cells and loss of cilia length regulation for the cells with cilia. These data demonstrate that IFT52 is essential for anterograde complex integrity and for the biosynthesis and maintenance of cilia. The data identify a new locus for SRPS and show that IFT52 mutations result in a ciliopathy with primary effects on the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology
| | | | | | - Ralph S Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences.,University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics
| | - Michael Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences.,University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Human Genetics.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology .,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology
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25
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Krakow D, Cohn DH, Wilcox WR, Noh GJ, Raffel LJ, Sarukhanov A, Ivanova MH, Danielpour M, Grange DK, Elliott AM, Bernstein JA, Rimoin DL, Merrill AE, Lachman RS. Clinical and radiographic delineation of Bent Bone Dysplasia-FGFR2 type or Bent Bone Dysplasia with Distinctive Clavicles and Angel-shaped Phalanges. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:2652-61. [PMID: 27240702 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bent Bone Dysplasia-FGFR2 type is a relatively recently described bent bone phenotype with diagnostic clinical, radiographic, and molecular characteristics. Here we report on 11 individuals, including the original four patients plus seven new individuals with three longer-term survivors. The prenatal phenotype included stillbirth, bending of the femora, and a high incidence of polyhydramnios, prematurity, and perinatal death in three of 11 patients in the series. The survivors presented with characteristic radiographic findings that were observed among those with lethality, including bent bones, distinctive (moustache-shaped) small clavicles, angel-shaped metacarpals and phalanges, poor mineralization of the calvarium, and craniosynostosis. Craniofacial abnormalities, hirsutism, hepatic abnormalities, and genitourinary abnormalities were noted as well. Longer-term survivors all needed ventilator support. Heterozygosity for mutations in the gene that encodes Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) was identified in the nine individuals with available DNA. Description of these patients expands the prenatal and postnatal findings of Bent Bone Dysplasia-FGFR2 type and adds to the phenotypic spectrum among all FGFR2 disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, California. .,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - William R Wilcox
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Grace J Noh
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Leslie J Raffel
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna Sarukhanov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Margarita H Ivanova
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Moise Danielpour
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dorothy K Grange
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Alison M Elliott
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Amy E Merrill
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology-Ostrow School of Dentistry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ralph S Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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26
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Toriyama M, Lee C, Taylor SP, Duran I, Cohn DH, Bruel AL, Tabler JM, Drew K, Kelly MR, Kim S, Park TJ, Braun DA, Pierquin G, Biver A, Wagner K, Malfroot A, Panigrahi I, Franco B, Al-Lami HA, Yeung Y, Choi YJ, Duffourd Y, Faivre L, Rivière JB, Chen J, Liu KJ, Marcotte EM, Hildebrandt F, Thauvin-Robinet C, Krakow D, Jackson PK, Wallingford JB. The ciliopathy-associated CPLANE proteins direct basal body recruitment of intraflagellar transport machinery. Nat Genet 2016; 48:648-56. [PMID: 27158779 PMCID: PMC4978421 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cilia use microtubule-based intraflagellar transport (IFT) to organize intercellular signaling. Ciliopathies are a spectrum of human diseases resulting from defects in cilia structure or function. The mechanisms regulating the assembly of ciliary multiprotein complexes and the transport of these complexes to the base of cilia remain largely unknown. Combining proteomics, in vivo imaging and genetic analysis of proteins linked to planar cell polarity (Inturned, Fuzzy and Wdpcp), we identified and characterized a new genetic module, which we term CPLANE (ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector), and an extensive associated protein network. CPLANE proteins physically and functionally interact with the poorly understood ciliopathy-associated protein Jbts17 at basal bodies, where they act to recruit a specific subset of IFT-A proteins. In the absence of CPLANE, defective IFT-A particles enter the axoneme and IFT-B trafficking is severely perturbed. Accordingly, mutation of CPLANE genes elicits specific ciliopathy phenotypes in mouse models and is associated with ciliopathies in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinori Toriyama
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Chanjae Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - S Paige Taylor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Jacqueline M Tabler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin Drew
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Marcus R Kelly
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sukyoung Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Tae Joo Park
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Daniela A Braun
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Armand Biver
- Pediatric Unit, Hospital Center, Luxemburg, Luxembourg
| | - Kerstin Wagner
- Cardiological Pediatric Unit, Hospital Center, Luxemburg, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Malfroot
- Clinic of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Infectious Diseases, Travel Clinic, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inusha Panigrahi
- Department of Pediatrics Advanced, Pediatric Centre Pigmer, Chandigarh, India
| | - Brunella Franco
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Hadeel Adel Al-Lami
- Department of Craniofacial and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yvonne Yeung
- Department of Craniofacial and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | - Yannis Duffourd
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, Dijon, France.,Clinical Genetics Centre, FHU-TRANSLAD, Children Hospital, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.,Eastern Referral Centre for Developmental Anomalies and Malformative Syndromes, FHU-TRANSLAD, Children Hospital, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Rivière
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, Dijon, France.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, FHU-TRANSLAD, PTB, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Karen J Liu
- Department of Craniofacial and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Edward M Marcotte
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- EA4271GAD Genetics of Developmental Anomalies, FHU-TRANSLAD, Medecine Faculty, Burgundy University, Dijon, France.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, FHU-TRANSLAD, PTB, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Baxter Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - John B Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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27
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Zieba J, Forlenza KN, Khatra JS, Sarukhanov A, Duran I, Rigueur D, Lyons KM, Cohn DH, Merrill AE, Krakow D. TGFβ and BMP Dependent Cell Fate Changes Due to Loss of Filamin B Produces Disc Degeneration and Progressive Vertebral Fusions. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005936. [PMID: 27019229 PMCID: PMC4809497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis (SCT) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive vertebral fusions and caused by loss of function mutations in Filamin B (FLNB). FLNB acts as a signaling scaffold by linking the actin cytoskleteon to signal transduction systems, yet the disease mechanisms for SCT remain unclear. Employing a Flnb knockout mouse, we found morphologic and molecular evidence that the intervertebral discs (IVDs) of Flnb–/–mice undergo rapid and progressive degeneration during postnatal development as a result of abnormal cell fate changes in the IVD, particularly the annulus fibrosus (AF). In Flnb–/–mice, the AF cells lose their typical fibroblast-like characteristics and acquire the molecular and phenotypic signature of hypertrophic chondrocytes. This change is characterized by hallmarks of endochondral-like ossification including alterations in collagen matrix, expression of Collagen X, increased apoptosis, and inappropriate ossification of the disc tissue. We show that conversion of the AF cells into chondrocytes is coincident with upregulated TGFβ signaling via Smad2/3 and BMP induced p38 signaling as well as sustained activation of canonical and noncanonical target genes p21 and Ctgf. These findings indicate that FLNB is involved in attenuation of TGFβ/BMP signaling and influences AF cell fate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the IVD disruptions in Flnb–/–mice resemble aging degenerative discs and reveal new insights into the molecular causes of vertebral fusions and disc degeneration. Whereas there is a large foundation of knowledge concerning skeletal formation and development, identifying the molecular changes behind Intervertebral Disc (IVD) aging and degeneration has been a challenge. The loss of Filamin B, a protein component of the cell’s cytoskeletal structure, gives rise to Spondylocarpotarsal Synostosis, a rare genetic disorder characterized by fusions of the vertebral bodies. Similarly, mice lacking the Filamin B protein show fusions of the vertebral bodies. We found that these fusions are caused by the early degeneration and eventual ossification of the IVDs. Our study demonstrates that this degeneration is caused by the increase in TGFβ and BMP activity, developmental pathways essential in bone and cartilage formation. These findings represent a significant step forward in our understanding of the molecular basis of IVD degeneration. as well as revealing filamin B’s role in TGFβ/BMP signaling regulation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the study of the rare disease spondylocarpotarsal synostosis in a model organism can uncover mechanisms underlying more common diseases. Finally, our findings provide a model system that will facilitate further discoveries regarding disc degeneration, which affects a significant proportion of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zieba
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Nicole Forlenza
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jagteshwar Singh Khatra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anna Sarukhanov
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Diana Rigueur
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Karen M. Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Amy E. Merrill
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Aldinger KA, Mendelsohn NJ, Chung BH, Zhang W, Cohn DH, Fernandez B, Alkuraya FS, Dobyns WB, Curry CJ. Variable brain phenotype primarily affects the brainstem and cerebellum in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta caused by recessive WNT1 mutations. J Med Genet 2015; 53:427-30. [PMID: 26671912 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nancy J Mendelsohn
- Medical Genetics Division, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brian Hy Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bridget Fernandez
- Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cynthia J Curry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA Genetic Medicine Central California, Fresno, California, USA
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Taylor SP, Dantas TJ, Duran I, Wu S, Lachman RS, Nelson SF, Cohn DH, Vallee RB, Krakow D. Mutations in DYNC2LI1 disrupt cilia function and cause short rib polydactyly syndrome. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7092. [PMID: 26077881 PMCID: PMC4470332 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The short rib polydactyly syndromes (SRPSs) are a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive, perinatal lethal skeletal disorders characterized primarily by short, horizontal ribs, short limbs and polydactyly. Mutations in several genes affecting intraflagellar transport (IFT) cause SRPS but they do not account for all cases. Here we identify an additional SRPS gene and further unravel the functional basis for IFT. We perform whole-exome sequencing and identify mutations in a new disease-producing gene, cytoplasmic dynein-2 light intermediate chain 1, DYNC2LI1, segregating with disease in three families. Using primary fibroblasts, we show that DYNC2LI1 is essential for dynein-2 complex stability and that mutations in DYNC2LI1 result in variable length, including hyperelongated, cilia, Hedgehog pathway impairment and ciliary IFT accumulations. The findings in this study expand our understanding of SRPS locus heterogeneity and demonstrate the importance of DYNC2LI1 in dynein-2 complex stability, cilium function, Hedgehog regulation and skeletogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Paige Taylor
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Tiago J Dantas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Sulin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ralph S Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | - Stanley F Nelson
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- 1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [3] Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Richard B Vallee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- 1] Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Institute for Children, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [3] International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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30
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Lee H, Nevarez L, Lachman RS, Wilcox WR, Krakow D, Cohn DH. A second locus for Schneckenbecken dysplasia identified by a mutation in the gene encoding inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1 (INPPL1). Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2470-3. [PMID: 25997753 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisette Nevarez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ralph S Lachman
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - William R Wilcox
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Deborah Krakow
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, California.,Human Genetics, Los Angeles, California.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles, California
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31
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Byers PH, Wenstrup RJ, Bonadio JF, Starman B, Cohn DH. Molecular basis of inherited disorders of collagen biosynthesis: implications for prenatal diagnosis. Curr Probl Dermatol 2015; 16:158-74. [PMID: 3556029 DOI: 10.1159/000413463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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32
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Duran I, Nevarez L, Sarukhanov A, Wu S, Lee K, Krejci P, Weis M, Eyre D, Krakow D, Cohn DH. HSP47 and FKBP65 cooperate in the synthesis of type I procollagen. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1918-28. [PMID: 25510505 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder that results in low bone mineral density and brittle bones. Most cases result from dominant mutations in the type I procollagen genes, but mutations in a growing number of genes have been identified that produce autosomal recessive forms of the disease. Among these include mutations in the genes SERPINH1 and FKBP10, which encode the type I procollagen chaperones HSP47 and FKBP65, respectively, and predominantly produce a moderately severe form of OI. Little is known about the biochemical consequences of the mutations and how they produce OI. We have identified a new OI mutation in SERPINH1 that results in destabilization and mislocalization of HSP47 and secondarily has similar effects on FKBP65. We found evidence that HSP47 and FKBP65 act cooperatively during posttranslational maturation of type I procollagen and that FKBP65 and HSP47 but fail to properly interact in mutant HSP47 cells. These results thus reveal a common cellular pathway in cases of OI caused by HSP47 and FKBP65 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sulin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
| | - Katrina Lee
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA, Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maryann Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Human Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Weinstein MM, Tompson SW, Chen Y, Lee B, Cohn DH. Mice expressing mutant Trpv4 recapitulate the human TRPV4 disorders. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1815-1822. [PMID: 24644033 PMCID: PMC4108531 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Activating mutations in transient receptor potential vanilloid family member 4 (Trpv4) are known to cause a spectrum of skeletal dysplasias ranging from autosomal dominant brachyolmia to lethal metatropic dysplasia. To develop an animal model of these disorders, we created transgenic mice expressing either wild-type or mutant TRPV4. Mice transgenic for wild-type Trpv4 showed no morphological changes at embryonic day 16.5 but did have a delay in bone mineralization. Overexpression of a mutant TRPV4 caused a lethal skeletal dysplasia that phenocopied many abnormalities associated with metatropic dysplasia in humans, including dumbbell-shaped long bones, a small ribcage, abnormalities in the autopod, and abnormal ossification in the vertebrae. The difference in phenotype between embryos transgenic for wild-type or mutant Trpv4 demonstrates that an increased amount of wild-type protein can be tolerated and that an activating mutation of this protein is required to produce a skeletal dysplasia phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Weinstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Stuart W Tompson
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Brendan Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Li B, Krakow D, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, Chang Y, Lachman RS, Yilmaz A, Kayserili H, Cohn DH. Opsismodysplasia resulting from an insertion mutation in the SH2 domain, which destabilizes INPPL1. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2407-11. [PMID: 24953221 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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35
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Saitta B, Passarini J, Sareen D, Ornelas L, Sahabian A, Argade S, Krakow D, Cohn DH, Svendsen CN, Rimoin DL. Patient-derived skeletal dysplasia induced pluripotent stem cells display abnormal chondrogenic marker expression and regulation by BMP2 and TGFβ1. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1464-78. [PMID: 24559391 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias (SDs) are caused by abnormal chondrogenesis during cartilage growth plate differentiation. To study early stages of aberrant cartilage formation in vitro, we generated the first induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from fibroblasts of an SD patient with a lethal form of metatropic dysplasia, caused by a dominant mutation (I604M) in the calcium channel gene TRPV4. When micromasses were grown in chondrogenic differentiation conditions and compared with control iPSCs, mutant TRPV4-iPSCs showed significantly (P<0.05) decreased expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of COL2A1 (IIA and IIB forms), SOX9, Aggrecan, COL10A1, and RUNX2, all of which are cartilage growth plate markers. We found that stimulation with BMP2, but not TGFβ1, up-regulated COL2A1 (IIA and IIB) and SOX9 gene expression, only in control iPSCs. COL2A1 (Collagen II) expression data were confirmed at the protein level by western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. TRPV4-iPSCs showed only focal areas of Alcian blue stain for proteoglycans, while in control iPSCs the stain was seen throughout the micromass sample. Similar staining patterns were found in neonatal cartilage from control and patient samples. We also found that COL1A1 (Collagen I), a marker of osteogenic differentiation, was significantly (P<0.05) up-regulated at the mRNA level in TRPV4-iPSCs when compared with the control, and confirmed at the protein level. Collagen I expression in the TRPV4 model also may correlate with abnormal staining patterns seen in patient tissues. This study demonstrates that an iPSC model can recapitulate normal chondrogenesis and that mutant TRPV4-iPSCs reflect molecular evidence of aberrant chondrogenic developmental processes, which could be used to design therapeutic approaches for disorders of cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Saitta
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, California
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36
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Leddy HA, McNulty AL, Lee SH, Rothfusz NE, Gloss B, Kirby ML, Hutson MR, Cohn DH, Guilak F, Liedtke W. Follistatin in chondrocytes: the link between TRPV4 channelopathies and skeletal malformations. FASEB J 2014; 28:2525-37. [PMID: 24577120 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-245936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Point mutations in the calcium-permeable TRPV4 ion channel have been identified as the cause of autosomal-dominant human motor neuropathies, arthropathies, and skeletal malformations of varying severity. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism by which TRPV4 channelopathy mutations cause skeletal dysplasia. The human TRPV4(V620I) channelopathy mutation was transfected into primary porcine chondrocytes and caused significant (2.6-fold) up-regulation of follistatin (FST) expression levels. Pore altering mutations that prevent calcium influx through the channel prevented significant FST up-regulation (1.1-fold). We generated a mouse model of the TRPV4(V620I) mutation, and found significant skeletal deformities (e.g., shortening of tibiae and digits, similar to the human disease brachyolmia) and increases in Fst/TRPV4 mRNA levels (2.8-fold). FST was significantly up-regulated in primary chondrocytes transfected with 3 different dysplasia-causing TRPV4 mutations (2- to 2.3-fold), but was not affected by an arthropathy mutation (1.1-fold). Furthermore, FST-loaded microbeads decreased bone ossification in developing chick femora (6%) and tibiae (11%). FST gene and protein levels were also increased 4-fold in human chondrocytes from an individual natively expressing the TRPV4(T89I) mutation. Taken together, these data strongly support that up-regulation of FST in chondrocytes by skeletal dysplasia-inducing TRPV4 mutations contributes to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel H Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Wolfgang Liedtke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Clinics for Pain and Palliative Care, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; and
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37
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Sule G, Campeau PM, Zhang VW, Nagamani SCS, Dawson BC, Grover M, Bacino CA, Sutton VR, Brunetti-Pierri N, Lu JT, Lemire E, Gibbs RA, Cohn DH, Cui H, Wong LJ, Lee BH. Next-generation sequencing for disorders of low and high bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2253-9. [PMID: 23443412 PMCID: PMC3709009 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To achieve an efficient molecular diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), and osteopetrosis (OPT), we designed a next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform to sequence 34 genes. We validated this platform on known cases and have successfully identified the causative mutation in most patients without a prior molecular diagnosis. INTRODUCTION Osteogenesis imperfecta, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and osteopetrosis are collectively common inherited skeletal diseases. Evaluation of subjects with these conditions often includes molecular testing which has important counseling and therapeutic and sometimes legal implications. Since several different genes have been implicated in these conditions, Sanger sequencing of each gene can be a prohibitively expensive and time-consuming way to reach a molecular diagnosis. METHODS In order to circumvent these problems, we have designed and tested a NGS platform that would allow simultaneous sequencing on a single diagnostic platform of different genes implicated in OI, OPT, EDS, and other inherited conditions, leading to low or high bone mineral density. We used a liquid-phase probe library that captures 602 exons (~100 kb) of 34 selected genes and have applied it to test clinical samples from patients with bone disorders. RESULTS NGS of the captured exons by Illumina HiSeq 2000 resulted in an average coverage of over 900X. The platform was successfully validated by identifying mutations in six patients with known mutations. Moreover, in four patients with OI or OPT without a prior molecular diagnosis, the assay was able to detect the causative mutations. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our NGS panel provides a fast and accurate method to arrive at a molecular diagnosis in most patients with inherited high or low bone mineral density disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sule
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, R814, MS225, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Laine CM, Joeng KS, Campeau PM, Kiviranta R, Tarkkonen K, Grover M, Lu JT, Pekkinen M, Wessman M, Heino TJ, Nieminen-Pihala V, Aronen M, Laine T, Kröger H, Cole WG, Lehesjoki AE, Nevarez L, Krakow D, Curry CJ, Cohn DH, Gibbs RA, Lee BH, Mäkitie O. WNT1 mutations in early-onset osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:1809-16. [PMID: 23656646 PMCID: PMC3709450 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1215458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This report identifies human skeletal diseases associated with mutations in WNT1. In 10 family members with dominantly inherited, early-onset osteoporosis, we identified a heterozygous missense mutation in WNT1, c.652T→G (p.Cys218Gly). In a separate family with 2 siblings affected by recessive osteogenesis imperfecta, we identified a homozygous nonsense mutation, c.884C→A, p.Ser295*. In vitro, aberrant forms of the WNT1 protein showed impaired capacity to induce canonical WNT signaling, their target genes, and mineralization. In mice, Wnt1 was clearly expressed in bone marrow, especially in B-cell lineage and hematopoietic progenitors; lineage tracing identified the expression of the gene in a subset of osteocytes, suggesting the presence of altered cross-talk in WNT signaling between the hematopoietic and osteoblastic lineage cells in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Laine
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, FINLAND
- Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SWEDEN
| | - Kyu Sang Joeng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Philippe M. Campeau
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics and Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, FINLAND
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Kati Tarkkonen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics and Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Monica Grover
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - James T. Lu
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology & Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Maija Wessman
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, FINLAND
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Terhi J. Heino
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Vappu Nieminen-Pihala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics and Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Mira Aronen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Tero Laine
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SWEDEN
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, FINLAND
| | - William G. Cole
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, CANADA
| | - Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, FINLAND
- Haartman Institute, Department of Medical Genetics and Research Program’s Unit, Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Lisette Nevarez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia J.R. Curry
- University of California San Francisco/Genetic Medicine Central California, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Brendan H. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence to: Brendan Lee, MD, PhD, One Baylor Plaza Room R814, Houston, TX 77030, Phone: 713-798-8835, Fax: 713-798-5168,
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, FINLAND
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
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Taylor P, Wu S, Nelson SF, Cohn DH, Krakow D. Exome sequencing for disease gene discovery in Jeune’s Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy. Cilia 2012. [PMCID: PMC3555716 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2530-1-s1-p105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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40
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Cohn DH, Shapiro LJ, Kaback MM. David L. Rimoin. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:403-7. [PMID: 23240132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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41
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Hudson DM, Kim LS, Weis M, Cohn DH, Eyre DR. Peptidyl 3-hydroxyproline binding properties of type I collagen suggest a function in fibril supramolecular assembly. Biochemistry 2012; 51:2417-24. [PMID: 22380708 DOI: 10.1021/bi2019139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proline residues in collagens are extensively hydroxylated post-translationally. A rare form of this modification, (3S,2S)-l-hydroxyproline (3Hyp), remains without a clear function. Disruption of the enzyme complex responsible for prolyl 3-hydroxylation results in severe forms of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). These OI types exhibit a loss of or reduction in the level of 3-hydroxylation at two proline residues, α1(I) Pro986 and α2(I) Pro707. Whether the resulting brittle bone phenotype is caused by the lack of the 3-hydroxyl addition or by another function of the enzyme complex is unknown. We have speculated that the most efficient mechanism for explaining the chemistry of collagen intermolecular cross-linking is for pairs of collagen molecules in register to be the subunit that assembles into fibrils. In this concept, the exposed hydroxyls from 3Hyp are positioned within mutually interactive binding motifs on adjacent collagen molecules that contribute through hydrogen bonding to the process of fibril supramolecular assembly. Here we report observations on the physical binding properties of 3Hyp in collagen chains from experiments designed to explore the potential for interaction using synthetic collagen-like peptides containing 3Hyp. Evidence of self-association was observed between a synthetic peptide containing 3Hyp and the CB6 domain of the α1(I) chain, which contains the single fully 3-hydroxylated proline. Using collagen from a case of severe recessive OI with a CRTAP defect, in which Pro986 was minimally 3-hydroxylated, such binding was not observed. Further study of the role of 3Hyp in supramolecular assembly is warranted for understanding the evolution of tissue-specific variations in collagen fibril organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hudson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6500, United States
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42
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Tompson SW, Faqeih EA, Ala-Kokko L, Hecht JT, Miki R, Funari T, Funari VA, Nevarez L, Krakow D, Cohn DH. Dominant and recessive forms of fibrochondrogenesis resulting from mutations at a second locus, COL11A2. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:309-14. [PMID: 22246659 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fibrochondrogenesis is a severe, recessively inherited skeletal dysplasia shown to result from mutations in the gene encoding the proα1(XI) chain of type XI collagen, COL11A1. The first of two cases reported here was the affected offspring of first cousins and sequence analysis excluded mutations in COL11A1. Consequently, whole-genome SNP genotyping was performed to identify blocks of homozygosity, identical-by-descent, wherein the disease locus would reside. COL11A1 was not within a region of homozygosity, further excluding it as the disease locus, but the gene encoding the proα2(XI) chain of type XI collagen, COL11A2, was located within a large region of homozygosity. Sequence analysis identified homozygosity for a splice donor mutation in intron 18. Exon trapping demonstrated that the mutation resulted in skipping of exon 18 and predicted deletion of 18 amino acids from the triple helical domain of the protein. In the second case, heterozygosity for a de novo 9 bp deletion in exon 40 of COL11A2 was identified, indicating that there are autosomal dominant forms of fibrochondrogenesis. These findings thus demonstrate that fibrochondrogenesis can result from either recessively or dominantly inherited mutations in COL11A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W Tompson
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Nemec SF, Cohn DH, Krakow D, Funari VA, Rimoin DL, Lachman RS. The importance of conventional radiography in the mutational analysis of skeletal dysplasias (the TRPV4 mutational family). Pediatr Radiol 2012; 42:15-23. [PMID: 21863289 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-011-2229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The spondylo and spondylometaphyseal dysplasias (SMDs) are characterized by vertebral changes and metaphyseal abnormalities of the tubular bones, which produce a phenotypic spectrum of disorders from the mild autosomal-dominant brachyolmia to SMD Kozlowski to autosomal-dominant metatropic dysplasia. Investigations have recently drawn on the similar radiographic features of those conditions to define a new family of skeletal dysplasias caused by mutations in the transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). This review demonstrates the significance of radiography in the discovery of a new bone dysplasia family due to mutations in a single gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Nemec
- International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Boyden ED, Campos-Xavier AB, Kalamajski S, Cameron TL, Suarez P, Tanackovic G, Andria G, Ballhausen D, Briggs MD, Hartley C, Cohn DH, Davidson HR, Hall C, Ikegawa S, Jouk PS, König R, Megarbané A, Nishimura G, Lachman RS, Mortier G, Rimoin DL, Rogers RC, Rossi M, Sawada H, Scott R, Unger S, Valadares ER, Bateman JF, Warman ML, Superti-Furga A, Bonafé L. Recurrent dominant mutations affecting two adjacent residues in the motor domain of the monomeric kinesin KIF22 result in skeletal dysplasia and joint laxity. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 89:767-72. [PMID: 22152678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity, leptodactylic type (lepto-SEMDJL, aka SEMDJL, Hall type), is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder that, in spite of being relatively common among skeletal dysplasias, has eluded molecular elucidation so far. We used whole-exome sequencing of five unrelated individuals with lepto-SEMDJL to identify mutations in KIF22 as the cause of this skeletal condition. Missense mutations affecting one of two adjacent amino acids in the motor domain of KIF22 were present in 20 familial cases from eight families and in 12 other sporadic cases. The skeletal and connective tissue phenotype produced by these specific mutations point to functions of KIF22 beyond those previously ascribed functions involving chromosome segregation. Although we have found Kif22 to be strongly upregulated at the growth plate, the precise pathogenetic mechanisms remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Boyden
- Children's Hospital Boston, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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45
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Homan EP, Rauch F, Grafe I, Lietman C, Doll JA, Dawson B, Bertin T, Napierala D, Morello R, Gibbs R, White L, Miki R, Cohn DH, Crawford S, Travers R, Glorieux FH, Lee B. Mutations in SERPINF1 cause osteogenesis imperfecta type VI. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:2798-803. [PMID: 21826736 PMCID: PMC3214246 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a spectrum of genetic disorders characterized by bone fragility. It is caused by dominant mutations affecting the synthesis and/or structure of type I procollagen or by recessively inherited mutations in genes responsible for the posttranslational processing/trafficking of type I procollagen. Recessive OI type VI is unique among OI types in that it is characterized by an increased amount of unmineralized osteoid, thereby suggesting a distinct disease mechanism. In a large consanguineous family with OI type VI, we performed homozygosity mapping and next-generation sequencing of the candidate gene region to isolate and identify the causative gene. We describe loss of function mutations in serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade F, member 1 (SERPINF1) in two affected members of this family and in an additional unrelated patient with OI type VI. SERPINF1 encodes pigment epithelium-derived factor. Hence, loss of pigment epithelium-derived factor function constitutes a novel mechanism for OI and shows its involvement in bone mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica P Homan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Tompson SW, Bacino CA, Safina NP, Bober MB, Proud VK, Funari T, Wangler MF, Nevarez L, Ala-Kokko L, Wilcox WR, Eyre DR, Krakow D, Cohn DH. Fibrochondrogenesis results from mutations in the COL11A1 type XI collagen gene. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 87:708-12. [PMID: 21035103 PMCID: PMC2978944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrochondrogenesis is a severe, autosomal-recessive, short-limbed skeletal dysplasia. In a single case of fibrochondrogenesis, whole-genome SNP genotyping identified unknown ancestral consanguinity by detecting three autozygous regions. Because of the predominantly skeletal nature of the phenotype, the 389 genes localized to the autozygous intervals were prioritized for mutation analysis by correlation of their expression with known cartilage-selective genes via the UCLA Gene Expression Tool, UGET. The gene encoding the α1 chain of type XI collagen (COL11A1) was the only cartilage-selective gene among the three candidate intervals. Sequence analysis of COL11A1 in two genetically independent fibrochondrogenesis cases demonstrated that each was a compound heterozygote for a loss-of-function mutation on one allele and a mutation predicting substitution for a conserved triple-helical glycine residue on the other. The parents who were carriers of missense mutations had myopia. Early-onset hearing loss was noted in both parents who carried a loss-of-function allele, suggesting COL11A1 as a locus for mild, dominantly inherited hearing loss. These findings identify COL11A1 as a locus for fibrochondrogenesis and indicate that there might be phenotypic manifestations among carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart W. Tompson
- Medical Genetics Institute, Steven Spielberg Building, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8723 Alden Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Carlos A. Bacino
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77013, USA
| | - Nicole P. Safina
- Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Michael B. Bober
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | | | - Tara Funari
- Medical Genetics Institute, Steven Spielberg Building, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8723 Alden Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael F. Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77013, USA
| | - Lisette Nevarez
- Medical Genetics Institute, Steven Spielberg Building, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8723 Alden Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - William R. Wilcox
- Medical Genetics Institute, Steven Spielberg Building, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8723 Alden Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David R. Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Medical Genetics Institute, Steven Spielberg Building, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8723 Alden Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Medical Genetics Institute, Steven Spielberg Building, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8723 Alden Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Funari VA, Krakow D, Nevarez L, Chen Z, Funari TL, Vatanavicharn N, Wilcox WR, Rimoin DL, Nelson SF, Cohn DH. BMPER mutation in diaphanospondylodysostosis identified by ancestral autozygosity mapping and targeted high-throughput sequencing. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 87:532-7. [PMID: 20869035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaphanospondylodysostosis (DSD) is a rare, recessively inherited, perinatal lethal skeletal disorder. The low frequency and perinatal lethality of DSD makes assembling a large set of families for traditional linkage-based genetic approaches challenging. By searching for evidence of unknown ancestral consanguinity, we identified two autozygous intervals, comprising 34 Mbps, unique to a single case of DSD. Empirically testing for ancestral consanguinity was effective in localizing the causative variant, thereby reducing the genomic space within which the mutation resides. High-throughput sequence analysis of exons captured from these intervals demonstrated that the affected individual was homozygous for a null mutation in BMPER, which encodes the bone morphogenetic protein-binding endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator. Mutations in BMPER were subsequently found in three additional DSD cases, confirming that defects in BMPER produce DSD. Phenotypic similarities between DSD and Bmper null mice indicate that BMPER-mediated signaling plays an essential role in vertebral segmentation early in human development.
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Alanay Y, Avaygan H, Camacho N, Utine GE, Boduroglu K, Aktas D, Alikasifoglu M, Tuncbilek E, Orhan D, Bakar FT, Zabel B, Superti-Furga A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Curry CJ, Pyott S, Byers PH, Eyre DR, Baldridge D, Lee B, Merrill AE, Davis EC, Cohn DH, Akarsu N, Krakow D. Mutations in the Gene Encoding the RER Protein FKBP65 Cause Autosomal-Recessive Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Am J Hum Genet 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Camacho N, Krakow D, Johnykutty S, Katzman PJ, Pepkowitz S, Vriens J, Nilius B, Boyce BF, Cohn DH. Dominant TRPV4 mutations in nonlethal and lethal metatropic dysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1169-77. [PMID: 20425821 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Metatropic dysplasia is a clinical heterogeneous skeletal dysplasia characterized by short extremities, a short trunk with progressive kyphoscoliosis, and craniofacial abnormalities that include a prominent forehead, midface hypoplasia, and a squared-off jaw. Dominant mutations in the gene encoding TRPV4, a calcium permeable ion channel, were identified all 10 of a series of metatropic dysplasia cases, ranging in severity from mild to perinatal lethal. These data demonstrate that the lethal form of the disorder is dominantly inherited and suggest locus homogeneity in the disease. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that the mutations activate the channel, indicating that the mechanism of disease may result from increased calcium in chondrocytes. Histological studies in two cases of lethal metatropic dysplasia revealed markedly disrupted endochondral ossification, with reduced numbers of hypertrophic chondrocytes and presence of islands of cartilage within the zone of primary mineralization. These data suggest that altered chondrocyte differentiation in the growth plate leads to the clinical findings in metatropic dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Camacho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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50
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Baldridge D, Lennington J, Weis M, Homan EP, Jiang MM, Munivez E, Keene DR, Hogue WR, Pyott S, Byers PH, Krakow D, Cohn DH, Eyre DR, Lee B, Morello R. Generalized connective tissue disease in Crtap-/- mouse. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10560. [PMID: 20485499 PMCID: PMC2868021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CRTAP (coding for cartilage-associated protein), LEPRE1 (coding for prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 [P3H1]) or PPIB (coding for Cyclophilin B [CYPB]) cause recessive forms of osteogenesis imperfecta and loss or decrease of type I collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation. A comprehensive analysis of the phenotype of the Crtap-/- mice revealed multiple abnormalities of connective tissue, including in the lungs, kidneys, and skin, consistent with systemic dysregulation of collagen homeostasis within the extracellular matrix. Both Crtap-/- lung and kidney glomeruli showed increased cellular proliferation. Histologically, the lungs showed increased alveolar spacing, while the kidneys showed evidence of segmental glomerulosclerosis, with abnormal collagen deposition. The Crtap-/- skin had decreased mechanical integrity. In addition to the expected loss of proline 986 3-hydroxylation in alpha1(I) and alpha1(II) chains, there was also loss of 3Hyp at proline 986 in alpha2(V) chains. In contrast, at two of the known 3Hyp sites in alpha1(IV) chains from Crtap-/- kidneys there were normal levels of 3-hydroxylation. On a cellular level, loss of CRTAP in human OI fibroblasts led to a secondary loss of P3H1, and vice versa. These data suggest that both CRTAP and P3H1 are required to maintain a stable complex that 3-hydroxylates canonical proline sites within clade A (types I, II, and V) collagen chains. Loss of this activity leads to a multi-systemic connective tissue disease that affects bone, cartilage, lung, kidney, and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Baldridge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Lennington
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Erica P. Homan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ming-Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elda Munivez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Douglas R. Keene
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - William R. Hogue
- Center for Orthopaedic Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Shawna Pyott
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter H. Byers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Cohn
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - David R. Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Roy Morello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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